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REPORT Germany Tel +49 (0)30 536 53 800 Fax +49 (0)30 536 53 888 Cicerostr. 24 D-10709 Berlin REPORT Germany Tel +49 (0)30 536 53 800 Fax +49 (0)30 536 53 888 www.kompetenz-wasser.de Integration and Consolidation of Information on Pharmaceutical Residues in the Urban Water Cycle - IC Pharma - by K.Seeber, E.Hoa Department “SUW” KompetenzZentrum Wasser Berlin, Cicerostraße 24, 10709 Berlin, Germany Email: [email protected], Tel. +49 (0)30-536-53 808 for Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Berlin gGmbH Preparation of this report was financed in part through funds provided by BWB and Veolia Berlin, Germany 2010 © Copyright 2010 by the KompetenzZentrum Wasser Berlin gGmbH. All rights including translation into other languages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the Berne Convention or the Protection of Literacy and Artistic Works, and the International and Pan American Copyright Conventions. Important Legal Notice Disclaimer: The information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of persons engaged in the development and approval of the document at the time it was developed. KWB disclaims liability to the full extent for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of application, or reliance on this document. KWB disclaims and makes no guaranty or warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein. It is expressly pointed out that the information and results given in this publication may be out of date due to subsequent modifications. In addition, KWB disclaims and makes no warranty that the information in this document will fulfil any of your particular purposes or needs. The disclaimer on hand neither seeks to restrict nor to exclude KWB’s liability against all relevant national statutory provisions. Wichtiger rechtlicher Hinweis Haftungsausschluss: Die in dieser Publikation bereitgestellte Information wurde zum Zeitpunkt der Erstellung im Konsens mit den bei Entwicklung und Anfertigung des Dokumentes beteiligten Personen als technisch einwandfrei befunden. KWB schließt vollumfänglich die Haftung für jegliche Personen-, Sach- oder sonstige Schäden aus, ungeachtet ob diese speziell, indirekt, nachfolgend oder kompensatorisch, mittelbar oder unmittelbar sind oder direkt oder indirekt von dieser Publikation, einer Anwendung oder dem Vertrauen in dieses Dokument herrühren. KWB übernimmt keine Garantie und macht keine Zusicherungen ausdrücklicher oder stillschweigender Art bezüglich der Richtigkeit oder Vollständigkeit jeglicher Information hierin. Es wird ausdrücklich darauf hingewiesen, dass die in der Publikation gegebenen Informationen und Ergebnisse aufgrund nachfolgender Änderungen nicht mehr aktuell sein können. Weiterhin lehnt KWB die Haftung ab und übernimmt keine Garantie, dass die in diesem Dokument enthaltenen Informationen der Erfüllung Ihrer besonderen Zwecke oder Ansprüche dienlich sind. Mit der vorliegenden Haftungsausschlussklausel wird weder bezweckt, die Haftung der KWB entgegen den einschlägigen nationalen Rechtsvorschriften einzuschränken noch sie in Fällen auszuschließen, in denen ein Ausschluss nach diesen Rechtsvorschriften nicht möglich ist. ii Colofon Title Integration and Consolidation of Information on Pharmaceuticals Residues in the Urban Water Cycle (IC-Pharma) Authors Kristin Seeber, KompetenzZentrum Wasser Berlin gGmbH Eric Hoa, KompetenzZentrum Wasser Berlin gGmbH Quality Assurance Kai Schroeder, KompetenzZentrum Wasser Berlin gGmbH Publication/ dissemination approved by technical committee members: Luis Castillo, Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation Christelle Pagotto, Veolia Eau – Direction Technique Regina Gnirß, Berliner Wasserbetriebe Yann Moreau-Le Golvan, KompetenzZentrum Wasser Berlin gGmbH Gesche Grützmacher, KompetenzZentrum Wasser Berlin gGmbH Bodo Weigert, KompetenzZentrum Wasser Berlin gGmbH iii Abstract (English) Within the study “IC-Pharma” a graphical benchmark of the occurrence of 30 priority pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) covering different therapeutic classes such as analgesics, antibiotics, lipid lowering drugs, beta blockers, tranquilizers, and cytostatics in the urban water cycle was conducted. The results are based on an extensive data set collected during several monitoring campaigns in Berlin and the Canton Zurich. This benchmark of the occurrence of priority pharmaceuticals allows water practitioners from other sites to compare detected concentrations of priority PhACs in STP effluents, surface water and groundwater. The study shows that the occurrence of priority pharmaceuticals at both study sites (Berlin and the Canton Zurich) is primarily dependent on sales/consumption quantities, the dilution of the pharmaceuticals in the waste water system and the dilution in surface water by the natural water flow. At both sites mainly conventional STP with mechanical treatment and biological treatment are in operation. Major differences in the sales data of priority PhACs, the hydrological setting, the water supply and the sewage disposal of both study sites are presented. Comparing both study sites it can be observed that the rivers in the Canton Zurich in general have a higher natural water flow than the Berlin Rivers. Furthermore, instead of operating 6 large municipal STPs like Berlin does, the Canton Zurich operates 103 small public STPs. However, the annual volume of treated sewage at both sites is similar (~235 M m³/a). In Berlin the drinking water consumption per capita and day is 112 litres whereas the inhabitants in the Canton Zurich use approximately 160 litres per day. These differences of both study sites are reflected in the detectable concentrations of measured priority PhACs in the different water compartments. In general lower levels of concentration (up to a factor ten) were found in all water compartments in the Canton Zurich. Therefore a separate graphical benchmark of the levels of concentration at the two study sites is presented so that the water practitioner has the possibility to refer either to the Berlin situation or the Canton Zurich situation. For the Berlin site it was furthermore investigated how the concentrations of pharmaceuticals in surface water are correlated with the proportion of treated sewage. It can be observed that detectable median concentrations of priority PhACs tested in rivers or canals with a proportion of treated sewage higher than 30% are significantly higher (e.g. for the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole) than in rivers with a proportion of treated sewage less than 30%. ii Abstract (German) Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, ein graphisches Benchmark von potentiell messbaren Pharmakakonzentrationen in verschiedenen Kompartimenten des urbanen Wasserkreislaufes zu erstellen. Dabei dienten experimentell erhobene Daten von mehreren in Berlin und dem Kanton Zurich durchgeführten Untersuchungskampagnen als Grundlage. Das „Benchmarking“ welches potentiell vorfindbare Konzentrationen von 30 prioritären Pharmazeutika aus diversen therapeutischen Anwendungsbereichen (wie z.B. Schmerzmittel, Antibiotika, Betablocker, Beruhigungsmittel, Zytostatika und Lipidsenker) in Klärwerksabläufen, im Oberflächengewässer und Grundwasser aufzeigt, gibt Fachleuten aus dem Wassersektor die Möglichkeit ihre gemessenen Konzentrationen mit denen aus Berlin und der Schweiz zu vergleichen. Innerhalb der Studie konnte gezeigt werden, dass die gemessenen Konzentrationen in Berlin und der Schweiz in den verschiedenen Kompartimenten des urbanen Wasserkreislaufes hauptsächlich von Verkaufsdaten bzw. dem Konsum des jeweiligen Stoffes, von der Verdünnung innerhalb des Abwassersystems und der Verdünnung durch den natürlichen Abfluss der aufnehmenden Gewässer abhängig sind. An beiden Standorten kommen konventionelle Kläranlagen mit mechanischer und biologischer Reinigung zum Einsatz. Vergleiche der beiden Untersuchungsgebiete in Verkaufsdaten der prioritären Pharmazeutika, in der hydrologischen Beschaffenheit, in der Wasserversorgung und der Abwasserversorgung zeigen entscheidende Unterschiede der beiden Gebiete, die sich in den gemessenen Konzentrationen wiederspiegeln. Generell kann man erkennen, dass im Kanton Zurich bis zu 10fach geringere Konzentrationen von jeweiligen prioritären Pharmaka in allen Kompartimenten gefunden werden können. Ursachen dafür liegen unter anderem im Kanton Zurich, welcher ein höheres natürliches Wasserdargebot vorweisen kann als es in Berlin der Fall ist. Dazu kommt, dass in der Schweiz anstelle von 6 größen Kläranlagen über 103 kleine staatliche Anlagen in Betrieb sind, die auf das gesamte Untersuchungsgebiet verteilt sind. Trotzdem fallen in beiden Gebieten bei unterschiedlicher Einwohnerzahl jährlich etwa 235 Millionen m³ gereinigtes Abwasser an, was über die Kläranlagen in die Gewässer gegeben wird. Ursache dafür ist unter anderem der höhere tägliche Trinkwasserverbrauch von 160 Liter pro Kopf im Kanton Zurich und nur 112 Liter in Berlin. Um dem Fachmann die Möglichkeit zu geben, sich auf die Konzentrationen zu beziehen, die in dem Untersuchungsgebiet gemessen wurden, welches seinem Gebiet am nächsten kommt, wurde zusätzlich ein seperates Benchmarking für beide Gebiete erstellt. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt des Projektes lag darin, gemessene Konzentrationen in Oberflächengewässer von Berlin mit dem jeweiligen Abwasseranteil im Gewässer gegenüberzustellen. Dazu wurde ein monatlicher Abwasseranteil an verschiedenen Punkten des Berliner Gewässernetzes
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