DOCSLIB.ORG

Trends of Extreme Flood Events in the Pearl River Basin During 1951–2010

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Trends of Extreme Flood Events in the Pearl River Basin During 1951–2010 ADVANCES IN CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH 4(2): 110{116, 2013 www.climatechange.cn DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1248.2013.110 CHANGES IN CLIMATE SYSTEM Trends of Extreme Flood Events in the Pearl River Basin during 1951{2010 WU Zhi-Yong1;2, LU Gui-Hua1;2, LIU Zhi-Yu3, WANG Jin-Xing3, XIAO Heng1 1Institute of Water Problems, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China 2National Engineering Research Center of Water Resources E±cient Utilization and Engineering Safety, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China 3Water Resources Information Center of the Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100053, China Abstract The study investigated the trend of extreme flood events in the Pearl River basin during 1951{2010. Stream flow data at 23 gauging stations were used for the study. The Pearson type III distribution was selected for the flood frequency analysis. Results indicate that extreme flood events increase signi¯cantly in the Pearl River Basin since 1980. At the 23 gauging stations, there are 16 (70%) stations show positive (increasing) trends in 1981{2010. Most of the 16 stations are located along the West River and North River. While 7 (30%) stations show negative (decreasing) trends, and are found in the East River and the southeast region of the West River Basin. Keywords: flood; trend; climate change; Pearl River Basin Citation: Wu, Z.-Y., G.-H. Lu, Z.-Y. Liu, et al., 2013: Trends of extreme flood events in the Pearl River Basin during 1951{2010. Adv. Clim. Change Res., 4(2), doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1248.2013.110. 1 Introduction The e®ect of extreme hydro-meteorological events caused by climate change is a public issue. Recently, Global warming in recent decades is unequivo- the IPCC has released a special report [IPCC, 2012], cal, as is now evident from observations of increases which focused on the relationship between climate in global mean surface air temperatures, widespread change and extreme weather and climate events, the melting of snow and ice, and rising global sea level impacts of such events, and the strategies to manage [IPCC, 2007]. Observed warming over several decades the associated risks. This report provides a careful has been linked to changes in the large-scale hydro- assessment of the newest scienti¯c, technical, and so- logical cycle [Bates et al., 2008]. In the last 20 years, cioeconomic ¯ndings in this ¯eld. As there are great floods are becoming more severe or more frequent in uncertainties in predicting precipitation changes in China (e.g., Yangtze River flood in 1991, Pearl River general circulation models, it is still di±cult to rea- flood in 1994 and 1996, Haihe River flood in 1996, sonably evaluate the influence of climate change on Minjiang River flood in 1998, Hanjiang River flood in extreme precipitation and floods [Guo, 1995; IPCC, 2003 and 2005, Huaihe River flood in 2003, 2005 and 2012]. Thus, most of current researches focus on the 2007), which has led to losses of about 1.5% of the detection of trends, periods and change in river flow gross domestic product (GDP). series based on observed data [Kundzewicz et al., 2005; Received: 28 January 2013 Corresponding author: WU Zhi-Yong, wuzhiyong¡[email protected] 1 WU Zhi-Yong et al. / Trends of Extreme Flood Events in the Pearl River Basin during 1951{2010 111 Cunderlik and Ouarda, 2009; Xu et al., 2009]. How- in the past. Since 1990, extreme floods have succes- ever, only few studies on trends in flood magnitude sively occurred (in the whole basin in June 1994, the and frequency can be found [Collins, 2009]. There- Liujiang River in July 1996, and the West River in fore, this study is mainly to investigate the trends in June 1998 and June 2005) [She and Xie, 2007], which the magnitude of extreme flood events using long-term have a seriously negative impact on the regional social stream flow records in the Pearl River Basin. and economic development. 2 Data and methodology 2.2 Data 2.1 Study region Daily stream flow data at 23 gauge stations in 1951{2010 were obtained from the Information Center The Pearl River is the second largest river (in of the Ministry of Water Resources. Figure 1 shows terms of stream flow magnitude) in China with three the geographic distribution of the 23 stations in the major tributaries: West River, North River and East Pearl River Basin. Of all the stations, 16 are located River. The Pearl River Basin is located in the tropical along the West River, 3 along the North River, 2 along and sub-tropical climate zone with annual mean tem- the East River, and 2 are found in the eastern re- peratures ranging from 14±C to 22±C and annual mean gion of Guangdong province and the southern region of precipitation ranging from 800 mm to 2,500 mm. Pre- Guangxi autonomous region. There are 4 stations con- cipitation during April{September accounts for 70%{ trolling a catchment area of more than 100,000 km2, 80% of the annual total amount. Influenced by the 13 stations covering catchment areas between 10,000 southwest monsoon, its geographic location and land- and 100,000 km2 and 6 stations with a catchment area form, flood disasters happened frequently in this basin less than 10,000 km2. Figure 1 Geographic distribution of the 23 gauging stations in the Pearl River Basin Meteorological data are obtained from the daily of 89 meteorological stations located in the Pearl River climate database with 752 basic meteorological sta- Basin and nearby to calculate the annual mean tem- tions nationwide from 1951 to 2010, collected from perature and precipitation during 1951{2010. Figure the China Surface Climate Daily Value Set on 2 shows that the annual mean temperature has an in- China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System creasing trend during 1951{2010 and becomes signif- (http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/index.jsp). We used the data icantly higher after the mid-1980s. For the annual 112 ADVANCES IN CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH precipitation, no obvious trends are apparent. How- 40 years covered in their study, which could increase ever, Wang et al. [2006] found that precipitation is the probability of flood and drought disasters in the unevenly distributed within a year during the recent Pearl River Basin. Figure 2 Annual mean temperature (a) and annual precipitation (b) and the linear trend in the Pearl River Basin during 1951{2010 2.3 Methodology least 10 days for catchments with areas between 3,000 km2 and 45,000 km2, at least 15 days for catchments According to the manual Standard of Hydrologi- with areas between 45,000 km2 and 100,000 km2, and cal Information and Hydrological Forecasting (GB/T at least 25 days for catchments greater than 100,000 22482-2008) o±cially issued by the Ministry of Water km2. Resources, extreme flood events are de¯ned as at least The Pearson type III frequency distribution has 10-year flood events. This de¯nition is taken for this been extensively used in China, speci¯cally in the study. southern region [Li, 1984], and is recommended for The analysis of extreme flood events can be con- calculating the design flood. Moreover, it is easily to ducted using the annual-maximum (AM) approach be compared with related studies. Therefore, we se- and the peaks-over-threshold (POT) approach. Three lected this frequency distribution for flood frequency indices were calculated to describe the characteristics analysis. of floods using both approaches. The ¯rst index is the annual maximum daily mean stream flow (AM1), 3 Results i.e., only the maximum daily mean stream flow of each year is retained. We also selected the largest indepen- 3.1 Frequency of flood events dent flood event per year (POT1) and average three largest events per year (POT3) for 1951{2010, because The frequency of extreme flood events is shown no generally acknowledged method has been proposed in Figures 3 and 4. The results indicate that the flood to determine a value of threshold [Guo, 2005]. The events have signi¯cantly increased after the 1980s, in peaks in POT series were considered to be indepen- particular for the extreme flood events in the last two dent of each other if they were separated by a par- decades. For example, floods with return periods 20{ ticular time interval. Based on the results of other 50 years have occurred 13 times during 1991{2000 and researches [Svensson et al., 2005; Petrow and Merz, more than 50-year-flood events have happened 5 times 2009] and inspection of the time series, the time in- during 2001{2010. These are the highest frequen- terval between peaks was set to at least 5 days for cies of the two return period categories during 1951{ catchments with areas no more than 3,000 km2, at 2010. WU Zhi-Yong et al. / Trends of Extreme Flood Events in the Pearl River Basin during 1951{2010 113 Figure 3 Occurrence of floods at the 23 stations in the Pearl River Basin during 1951{2010 periods are shown from Figure 5 to Figure 7. Among the 23 analyzed stations, 16 (70%) sta- tions show positive (increasing) trends and 7 (30%) stations show negative (decreasing) trends for the 50- year flood based on the AM1 time series. Most sta- tions with positive trends are located along the West River and the North River. The highest increase of the 50-year flood with 53.1% is found for Yongwei sta- tion along the West River. The majority of stations with negative trends are found in the southwest part of the West River Basin and the East River Basin.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sewerage and Solid Waste Management in Guilin
    Document of The World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized Report No.: 16622-CHA STAFF APPRAISALREPORT Public Disclosure Authorized CHINA GUANGXIURBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized May 15, 1998 Public Disclosure Authorized Urban Development Sector Unit East Asia and Pacific Regional Office Staff Appraisal Report China Guangxi Urban Environment Project dated May 15, 1998 CORRIGENDUM Page Para. Text in Error Correct 10 3.1 (d) in poor neighborhoods in existing urban neighborhoods 25 5.6 authorized allocation of $4.5 million. authorized allocation of $5 million. 25 5.6 (b) consultant contracts less than (b) individual consultant contracts $50,000 less than $50,000 and consulting firm contracts less than $100,000 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of May 1998) Currency = Renminbi Currency Unit = Yuan (Y) Y 1.00 = 100 fen $1.00 = Y 8.3 FISCAL YEAR January 1 - December 31 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 1 hectare (ha) = 2.4711 acres (ac) 3 1 cubic meter (m ) = I ton of water = 284 US gallons 3 1 mega liter (ML) = 1000 m PRINCIPAL ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS USED BOD Biological Oxygen Demand (A measure of water pollution) CAS Country Assistance Strategy CIF Cost, Insurance, Freight COD Chemical Oxygen Demand (A measure of water pollution) EA Environmental Assessment EPB Environmental Protection Bureau ICB International Competitive Bidding GAR Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (equivalent to Province) GM Guilin Municipality GOC Government of the People's Republic of China GP Guilin Prefecture GUEPO Guangxi Urban Environment Project Office LIBOR London
    [Show full text]
  • Rhinogobius Immaculatus, a New Species of Freshwater Goby (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the Qiantang River, China
    ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH Rhinogobius immaculatus, a new species of freshwater goby (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the Qiantang River, China Fan Li1,2,*, Shan Li3, Jia-Kuan Chen1 1 Institute of Biodiversity Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China 2 Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 200090, China 3 Shanghai Natural History Museum, Branch of Shanghai Science & Technology Museum, Shanghai 200041, China ABSTRACT non-diadromous (landlocked) (Chen et al., 1999a, 2002; Chen A new freshwater goby, Rhinogobius immaculatus sp. & Kottelat, 2005; Chen & Miller, 2014; Huang & Chen, 2007; Li & Zhong, 2009). nov., is described here from the Qiantang River in In total, 44 species of Rhinogobius have been recorded in China. It is distinguished from all congeners by the China (Chen et al., 2008; Chen & Miller, 2014; Huang et al., following combination of characters: second dorsal-fin 2016; Huang & Chen, 2007; Li et al., 2007; Li & Zhong, 2007, rays I, 7–9; anal-fin rays I, 6–8; pectoral-fin rays 2009; Wu & Zhong, 2008; Yang et al., 2008), eight of which 14–15; longitudinal scales 29–31; transverse scales have been reported from the Qiantang River basin originating 7–9; predorsal scales 2–5; vertebrae 27 (rarely 28); in southeastern Anhui Province to eastern Zhejiang Province. These species include R. aporus (Zhong & Wu, 1998), R. davidi preopercular canal absent or with two pores; a red (Sauvage & de Thiersant, 1874), R. cliffordpopei (Nichols, oblique stripe below eye in males; branchiostegal 1925), R. leavelli (Herre, 1935a), R. lentiginis (Wu & Zheng, membrane mostly reddish-orange, with 3–6 irregular 1985), R.
    [Show full text]
  • Ningbo As a “Blue-Green City” in the “Sponge City” Campaign
    Received: 21 May 2016 Revised: 28 February 2018 Accepted: 11 April 2018 DOI: 10.1111/jfr3.12451 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Aligning ancient and modern approaches to sustainable urban water management in China: Ningbo as a “Blue-Green City” in the “Sponge City” campaign Y-T. Tang1 | F.K.S. Chan1 | E.C. O'Donnell2 | J. Griffiths3 | L. Lau1 | D.L. Higgitt4 | C.R. Thorne2 1School of Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Ningbo, Ningbo, China Modern urban flood and water management emphasises holistic strategies that 2School of Geography, University of Nottingham, reduce flood risk while providing cobenefits to urban economies, societies, and Nottingham, UK environments. The “Blue-Green City” concept provides a viable framework for 3National Institute for Water and Atmospheric putting this into practice. Ningbo, is a coastal city with high flood risk, whose his- Research, Christchurch, New Zealand tory as a Chinese “water town” demonstrates that approaches to water management 4 Lancaster University College, Beijing Jiaotong implicit to the “Blue-Green” concept were practiced in ancient times, and lessons University, Weihai, China can be learned from these applications. Furthermore, recent launch of the “Sponge Correspondence ” Prof. Colin R. Thorne, School of Geography, City campaign by China's National Government demonstrates the political will to University of Nottingham, University Park, implement sustainable flood and water management in ways consistent with the Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK. “Blue-Green” ideals. Selection of Ningbo for a pilot project presents the opportu- Email: [email protected] nity to integrate new “Sponge city” approaches with ancient “Blue-Green” princi- Funding information UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research ples, within the contexts of both new urban development and retrofit.
    [Show full text]
  • [Supplementary Material] Subsistence And
    [Supplementary material] Subsistence and health in Middle Neolithic (9000–7000) southern China: new evidence from the Dingshishan site Simei Zhu 1,2,3, Fajun Li 4,*, Xianglong Chen5, Xianguo Fu5, Yaowu Hu 6,7,* 1 Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.R. China 2 Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.R. China 3 History College, Zhengzhou University, P.R. China 4 Department of Anthropology, Sun Yat-Sen University, P.R. China 5 Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, P.R. China 6 Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology, Fudan University, P.R. China 7 Institute of Archaeological Science, Fudan University, P.R. China * Authors for correspondence: ✉ [email protected] & [email protected] Supplementary methods Collagen extraction The protocol for collagen extraction from human bones followed a modified version of Richards and Hedges (1999) and is introduced in brief as follows. About 2.0g of each bone sample was demineralized in 0.5M HCl at 4°C for a few days and the acid refreshed several times until the remains became soft and no bubbles could be observed. Afterwards, the residues were washed to neutrality with distilled water and soaked in 0.125M NaOH for 20 hours. Then washed to neutrality again, the remains were gelatinized at 70°C for 48h in a 0.001M HCl (pH = 3), filtered and lyophilised for 48h to obtain a dried collagen. Elemental and isotopic measurements The purified collagen (about 1mg) was measured at the Department of Archaeology and Anthropology at the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, using an IsoPrime 100 1 IRMS (Elementar, UK) coupled with an Elementar Pyro Cube elemental analyser, with Sulfanilamide, IAEA-600, IAEA-N-2, IAEA-CH-6, USGS 40 and USGS 41 as reference materials.
    [Show full text]
  • The Neolithic Ofsouthern China-Origin, Development, and Dispersal
    The Neolithic ofSouthern China-Origin, Development, and Dispersal ZHANG CHI AND HSIAO-CHUN HUNG INTRODUCTION SANDWICHED BETWEEN THE YELLOW RIVER and Mainland Southeast Asia, southern China1 lies centrally within eastern Asia. This geographical area can be divided into three geomorphological terrains: the middle and lower Yangtze allu­ vial plain, the Lingnan (southern Nanling Mountains)-Fujian region,2 and the Yungui Plateau3 (Fig. 1). During the past 30 years, abundant archaeological dis­ coveries have stimulated a rethinking of the role ofsouthern China in the prehis­ tory of China and Southeast Asia. This article aims to outline briefly the Neolithic cultural developments in the middle and lower Yangtze alluvial plain, to discuss cultural influences over adjacent regions and, most importantly, to examine the issue of southward population dispersal during this time period. First, we give an overview of some significant prehistoric discoveries in south­ ern China. With the discovery of Hemudu in the mid-1970s as the divide, the history of archaeology in this region can be divided into two phases. The first phase (c. 1920s-1970s) involved extensive discovery, when archaeologists un­ earthed Pleistocene human remains at Yuanmou, Ziyang, Liujiang, Maba, and Changyang, and Palaeolithic industries in many caves. The major Neolithic cul­ tures, including Daxi, Qujialing, Shijiahe, Majiabang, Songze, Liangzhu, and Beiyinyangying in the middle and lower Yangtze, and several shell midden sites in Lingnan, were also discovered in this phase. During the systematic research phase (1970s to the present), ongoing major ex­ cavation at many sites contributed significantly to our understanding of prehis­ toric southern China. Additional early human remains at Wushan, Jianshi, Yun­ xian, Nanjing, and Hexian were recovered together with Palaeolithic assemblages from Yuanmou, the Baise basin, Jianshi Longgu cave, Hanzhong, the Li and Yuan valleys, Dadong and Jigongshan.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter Five Guangxi, Guangdong, Hong Kong
    Chapter Five Guangxi, Guangdong, Hong Kong and Sichuan (1928-1935): the landscape of art As early as the fifth century, Xie He (謝 赫, active ca. 500) outlined what he called the Six Principles of Painting (liu fa 六 法). “Spirit resonance and life movement” (qiyun shengdong 氣 韻 生 動), the first principle, is what defines Chinese painting and is the most significant and elusive.1 Since the Song dynasty, the observation of natural phenomena has been an important aspect of artistic creation in China. Artists sketched from nature in order to understand the principles of the life force or qi which animated the natural world. In doing so, they were following the first of Xie He’s Six Principles. The great Yuan dynasty landscape painter Huang Gongwang (黃 公 望, 1269-1354), inspired by the Five Dynasties and Northern Song artists Li Cheng (李 成, 919-967) and Guo Xi (郭 熙, ca. 1001-1090), exhorted his students to: Carry around a sketching brush in a leather bag. Then, when you see in some scenic place a tree that is strange and unique, you can copy its appearance then and there as a record. It will have an extraordinary sense of growing life. Climb a tall building and gaze at the “spirit resonance” [qiyun] of the vast firmament. Look at the clouds－they have the appearance of mountaintops! Li Ch’eng and Kuo Hsi both practiced this method; Kuo Hsi painted “rocks like clouds”. When the ancients speak of “Heaven opening forth pictures”, this is what they mean.2 In his “Conversation on art” (Hua tan 畫 談), written in 1940, Huang Binhong referred to this passage and synthesised the writings of a number of earlier artists whose art was also 1 Osvald Sirén, The Chinese on the Art of Painting, Translations and Comments, pp.18-22.
    [Show full text]
  • From the Early Oligocene of the Nanning Basin (Guangxi, SE China)
    N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Abh. 267/1, 75–87 Article Published online December 2012 Giant Viviparidae (Gastropoda: Architaenioglossa) from the Early Oligocene of the Nanning Basin (Guangxi, SE China) Tian Ying, Franz T. Fürsich and Simon Schneider With 5 figures and 2 tables Ying, T., Fürsich, F.T. & schneider, s. (2013): Giant Viviparidae (Gastropoda: Architaenioglossa) from the Early Oligocene of the Nanning Basin (Guangxi, SE China). – N. Jb. Geol. Paläont., 267: 75-87; Stuttgart. Abstract: The rich freshwater mollusc fauna from the Lower Oligocene Gongkang Formation (Yongning Group) of the Nanning Basin (Guangxi Province, SE China) has yielded shells of two species of giant viviparid gastropods, which are described as Margarya nanningensis n. sp. and Macromargarya aliena n. gen. n. sp. The genus Margarya nevill, 1877 has so far been thought to be endemic to the Pleistocene to Recent freshwater lakes of Yunnan Province (SW China), and is first described from the Oligocene of Guangxi herein. With a maximum height of more than 100 mm, Macromargarya aliena is among the largest freshwater gastropods reported to date. Moreover, M. al- iena displays a strange ontogeny. An early, very low-trochospiral growth stage is followed by a rapid shift of the coiling axis and whorl proportions, leading to regular viviparid morphology in adulthood. Key words: Taxonomy, Margarya, freshwater, East Asia, body size. Introduction With a few exceptions, the Viviparidae are char- acterised by medium high-spired shells with moder- Large freshwater gastropods of the family Viviparidae ately to strongly inflated whorls that are often more are today distributed on all continents except South or less circular in cross-section and separated by deep America (where they are recorded as fossils; Wenz sutures.
    [Show full text]
  • List 4. Headings That Did Not Convert, and Need to Be Converted Manually
    LIST 4. HEADINGS THAT DID NOT CONVERT, AND NEED TO BE CONVERTED MANUALLY Some headings that were revised in the pinyin conversion project were not listed in the data dictionary and therefore did not machine convert. As an aid to bibliographic file maintenance, a list of those headings is provided below. Headings marked with an asterisk * were changed in 1999 to replace conventional name forms with pinyin forms. Ach=ang (Chinese people)/ needs to be manually changed to Achang (Asian people) *Cheng-chou shih (China), Battle of, 1948/ needs to be manually changed to Zhengzhou (China), Battle of, 1948 Chin chien chiang/ needs to be manually changed to Jin jian jiang Chin Mountain (Jiangsu Sheng, China)/ needs to be manually changed to Jin Mountain (Jiangsu Sheng, China) *Chinese languageBDialectsBHainan/ needs to be manually changed to Chinese languageBDialectsBChinaBHainan Sheng *Chinese languageBDialectsBLung-tu/ needs to be manually changed to Chinese languageBDialectsBTaiwanBLung-tu *Chinese languageBDialectsBChinaBNan-t=ung-shih/ needs to be manually changed to Chinese languageBDialectsBChinaBNantong (Jiangsu Sheng) Ch=ü chia ta yüan (Qi Xian, Shanxi Sheng, China)/ needs to be manually changed to Qu jia da yuan (Qi Xian, Shanxi Sheng, China) Chuang poetry/ needs to be manually changed to Zhuang poetry Eastern Yuku language/ needs to be manually changed to Eastern Yugur language Fen River (China)/ needs to be manually changed to Fen River (Shanxi Sheng, China) Fen River Valley (China)/ needs to be manually changed to Fen River Valley (Shanxi
    [Show full text]
  • Aac9878a139c7d68a01be7e3aa
    Climate Variability and Human Activities in Relation to Northeast Asian Land-Ocean Interactions and Their Implications for Coastal Management 2005-05-CMY-Adrianov Final Report submitted to APN ©Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research, 2006 Overview of project work and outcomes Summary In course of the 2-year APN-funded project, new data on estuarine and coastal changes in areas adjoining the Amur, Tumen and Razdolnaya Rivers were obtained, and recommendations for management of sustainable coastal development of the region are presented including China and Korea coastal zones. Two expeditions to Amur and Razdolnaya Rivers mouth areas were orga- nized, and hydrological regime, oceanography, environmental contamination, state of benthic and plankton comminities were investigated in connection with climatic changes. Three workshops were held: in Nanjing, China, Dec. 2004; Training Course for Young Scientists, Vladivostok, Russia, Oct. 2005; back-to-back with a science session for local policy-makers; in Vladivostok, May 2006. A website of the project was created (http://www.imb.dvo.ru/misc/apn/index.htm), and two books, Ecological Studies and State of the Ecosystem of Amursky Bay and Razdolnaya River Mouth and a collective monograph are in preparation. Two books and 19 papers in peer- reviewed journals were published and/or prepared. Future directions may include comparison of different coastal management strategies and understanding of how we can use these national strategies to develop complex management approach. Objectives The main objectives of the project were: 1. to identify estuarine and coastal changes in terms of hydrology, hydrochemistry, geo- chemistry, geomorphology, ecosystem and material cycling patterns of the Northeastern Asia region, with special reference to the Amur, Tumen and Razdolnaya Rivers; 2.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of Rhinogobius (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Zhejiang Province, China
    A new species of Rhinogobius (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Zhejiang Province, China Shih-Pin Huang, I-Shiung Chen & Kwang-Tsao Shao Ichthyological Research The Ichthyological Society of Japan ISSN 1341-8998 Volume 63 Number 4 Ichthyol Res (2016) 63:470-479 DOI 10.1007/s10228-016-0516-9 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by The Ichthyological Society of Japan. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self- archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”. 1 23 Author's personal copy Ichthyol Res (2016) 63:470–479 DOI 10.1007/s10228-016-0516-9 FULL PAPER A new species of Rhinogobius (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Zhejiang Province, China 1 2 1 Shih-Pin Huang • I-Shiung Chen • Kwang-Tsao Shao Received: 14 January 2016 / Revised: 22 February 2016 / Accepted: 23 February 2016 / Published online: 22 March 2016 Ó The Ichthyological Society of Japan 2016 Abstract A new freshwater goby, Rhinogobius niger, Introduction was collected from Zhejiang Province, Southern China. This species can be distinguished from all congeners by a The freshwater goby genus Rhinogobius Gill 1859 is combination of the following features: second dorsal fin widely distributed in East and Southeast Asia, including rays modally I/9, anal fin rays I/8, pectoral fin rays 16–18, Japan, Taiwan, Philippines, Russia, Korea, China, Viet- longitudinal scale series 35–37, transverse scale series nam, Laos, and Thailand (Herre 1927; Wu and Ni 1986; 10–12, predorsal scale series modally 0, vertebral counts Chen and Shao 1996; Chen et al.
    [Show full text]
  • 5. Environmental Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures
    SFG3864 REV Public Disclosure Authorized Zhejiang Qiandao Lake and Xin’an River Basin Water Resources and Ecological Environment Protection Project Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental Impact Assessment Report Public Disclosure Authorized Management agency: Zhejiang Province Municipal Engineering & Environmental Protection Project Leading Group Office Prepared by: Zhejiang Huanke Environment Consulting Co., Ltd. Public Disclosure Authorized January 2018 1 Contents 1. GENERAL .............................................................................................................................................. - 5 - 1.1 BACKGROUND............................................................................................................................................ - 5 - 1.2 RATIONALE ..............................................................................................................................................- 10 - 1.3 OBJECTIVES OF EIA ................................................................................................................................- 15 - 1.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT..................................................................................................- 16 - 1.5 ENVIRONMENTAL FUNCTIONAL ZONING ...................................................................................................- 16 - 1.6 ASSESSMENT CRITERIA ...........................................................................................................................- 23 - 1.7 ASSESSMENT
    [Show full text]
  • Manuscript : City Profile - Ningbo
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repository@Nottingham Manuscript : City Profile - Ningbo Affiliations: Yu-Ting Tang 1*, Faith Ka Shun Chan1,2 and Jim Griffiths1 1. Faculty of Environmental Sciences, The University of Nottingham Ningbo, China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China 2. School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS29JT, United Kingdom *correspondent author: [email protected] Abstract Ningbo is located in the south-east of Yangtze River Delta by the East China Sea, 220 km south of Shanghai. The city has been an important port in East China for foreign trade since 7th century. Since 1980s, encouraged by China’s economic “open-door” policy, one of the ways the city attracted foreign investment and thus grew its economy was by establishing multi-functional economic development zones near its deep-water port. As a result, Ningbo is now one of the top ten coastal ports in the world (as measured in Twenty-Foot Equivalent Units, TEUs). Similarly, the city’s GDP per capita is approximately three times the national average. The current and historic prosperity of Ningbo is in no small way related to its geographical position, just 20 km inland from the Hangzhou estuary and the gateway to the East China Sea. It is also the approximate centre of a 1000 km2 coastal plain, at the confluence of the Fenghua and Yao Rivers, and from where the Yong River leads to the sea. However, also a result of this geographic location the city is now facing an increasing risk of coastal flooding caused by increase in urban area; climate change (increased rainfall intensity); and predicted sea-level rise.
    [Show full text]