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Review of Pharmacological Properties, Phytochemistry and Medicinal Uses of Volkameria Glabra
264 Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences, 2020, 10, 264-273 Review of Pharmacological Properties, Phytochemistry and Medicinal uses of Volkameria glabra Alfred Maroyi* Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa Abstract: Volkameria glabra (E. Mey.) Mabb. & Y.W. Yuan is a deciduous shrub or a small tree widely used as traditional medicine throughout its distributional range in tropical Africa. This study is aimed at providing a critical review of pharmacological properties, phytochemistry, and medicinal uses of V. glabra. Documented information on pharmacological properties, phytochemistry and medicinal uses of V. glabra was collected from several online sources such as Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct, and pre-electronic sources such as book chapters, books, journal articles and scientific publications obtained from the university library. This study revealed that the bark, leaf and root infusion and/or decoction of V. glabra are mainly used as immune booster, protective charm, anthelmintic and ethnoveterinary medicine, and traditional medicine for convulsions, fractured bones, fever, wounds, gastro-intestinal problems, snake bite and respiratory diseases. Phytochemical compounds identified from the species include aliphatic glycosides, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, iridoid, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins and triterpenoids. The V. glabra and compounds isolated from the species exhibited acaricidal, anthelmintic, antibacterial, antifungal, antimycobacterial, -
A Taxono1vhc Revision of the Genus Faradaya F. Muell
J. Adelaide Bot. Gard 10(2): 165-177 (1987) A TAXONO1VHC REVISION OF THE GENUS FARADAYA F. MUELL. (VERBENACEAE)* IN AUSTRALIA Ahmad Abid Munir State Herbarium, Botanic Gardens, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000 Abstract A taxonomic revision of Faradaya in Australia is presented. The following two species are recognised: F. albertisii and E splendida. F. albertisii is confirmed from Australia. A wide range of material has been examined from Malesia and Oceania. The affinities and distribution are considered for the genus and each species. A key to the species is provided and a detailed description of each species is supplemented by an illustration. Taxonomic History of the Genus The genus Faradaya was described by F. Mueller (1865) with one species, E splendida, the type of which came from Queensland. Originally it was placed in the Bignoniaceae, but soon after its publication, Seemann (1865) referred the genus to the "Natural Order Verbenaceae, closely related to Clerodendrum and Oxera". The family Verbenaceae has been accepted for the genus by all subsequent botanists. Earlier, one Faradaya collection from Tonga and another from Fiji were respectively described by Seemann (1862) and Asa Gray (1862) as new species of Clerodendrum. In view of their difference from other Clerodendrum taxa, Asa Gray (1862) formed for them a new section of the genus namely Clerodendrum sect. Tetrathyranthus A. Gray. Subsequently, Seemann (1865) recognised both types of the section Tetrathyranthus as Faradaya species and thus reduced this section to synonymy under Faradaya. Bentham (1870, 1876) divided the family Verbenaceae into different tribes, with Faradaya in the tribe Viticeae subtribe Oxereae. -
Medicinal Practices of Sacred Natural Sites: a Socio-Religious Approach for Successful Implementation of Primary
Medicinal practices of sacred natural sites: a socio-religious approach for successful implementation of primary healthcare services Rajasri Ray and Avik Ray Review Correspondence Abstract Rajasri Ray*, Avik Ray Centre for studies in Ethnobiology, Biodiversity and Background: Sacred groves are model systems that Sustainability (CEiBa), Malda - 732103, West have the potential to contribute to rural healthcare Bengal, India owing to their medicinal floral diversity and strong social acceptance. *Corresponding Author: Rajasri Ray; [email protected] Methods: We examined this idea employing ethnomedicinal plants and their application Ethnobotany Research & Applications documented from sacred groves across India. A total 20:34 (2020) of 65 published documents were shortlisted for the Key words: AYUSH; Ethnomedicine; Medicinal plant; preparation of database and statistical analysis. Sacred grove; Spatial fidelity; Tropical diseases Standard ethnobotanical indices and mapping were used to capture the current trend. Background Results: A total of 1247 species from 152 families Human-nature interaction has been long entwined in has been documented for use against eighteen the history of humanity. Apart from deriving natural categories of diseases common in tropical and sub- resources, humans have a deep rooted tradition of tropical landscapes. Though the reported species venerating nature which is extensively observed are clustered around a few widely distributed across continents (Verschuuren 2010). The tradition families, 71% of them are uniquely represented from has attracted attention of researchers and policy- any single biogeographic region. The use of multiple makers for its impact on local ecological and socio- species in treating an ailment, high use value of the economic dynamics. Ethnomedicine that emanated popular plants, and cross-community similarity in from this tradition, deals health issues with nature- disease treatment reflects rich community wisdom to derived resources. -
Novitates Neocaledonicae VI: Acropogon Mesophilus (Malvaceae, Sterculioideae), a Rare and Threatened New Species from the Mesic Forest of New Caledonia
Phytotaxa 307 (3): 183–190 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2017 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.307.3.2 Novitates neocaledonicae VI: Acropogon mesophilus (Malvaceae, Sterculioideae), a rare and threatened new species from the mesic forest of New Caledonia JÉRÔME MUNZINGER1 & GILDAS GÂTEBLÉ2 1AMAP, IRD, CNRS, INRA, Université Montpellier, F-34000 Montpellier (France). email: [email protected] 2Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien (IAC), Station de Recherche Agronomique de Saint-Louis, BP 711, 98810 Mont-Dore (Nouvelle- Calédonie). E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A new species, Acropogon mesophilus Munzinger & Gâteblé (Malvaceae, Sterculioideae), is described from New Caledo- nia. This species is endemic to non-ultramafic areas, along the southwestern coast of Grande-Terre. The species has large leaves, widely ovate to ovate, and entire, and might be confused with only two other endemic species, namely A. bullatus (Pancher & Sebert) Morat and A. veillonii Morat. However, A. mesophilus differs from the other two species most evidently by its leaves 3-nerved, flat, and with truncate to rounded bases, versus leaves 5-nerved, bullate, and with cordate bases. A line drawing and color photos are provided for the new species, along with a discussion of its morphological affinities and a preliminary risk of extinction assessment of Endangered. Keywords: Acropogon, Malvaceae, mesic forest, New Caledonia, new species, Sterculioideae, taxonomy, threatened species Introduction Forests in New Caledonia are currently more or less arbitrarily divided into sclerophyll (or dry) and dense humid forests, the latter being further separated into two main types depending on edaphic conditions, i.e., on ultramafic versus non-ultramafic substrate (Jaffré et al. -
( 12 ) United States Patent
US010293012B2 (12 ) United States Patent ( 10 ) Patent No. : US 10 , 293 ,012 B2 Langland et al. (45 ) Date of Patent: May 21, 2019 ( 54 ) METHODS OF USING EXTRACTS OF OTHER PUBLICATIONS MELISSA OFFICINALIS AGAINST FILOVIRUSES Chattopadhyay, et al. , Evidence - Based Validation of Herbal Medi cine , Ch . 8 : 175 . ( Year : 2015 ) . * Arndt, W . et al ., “ In Vitro Characterization of a Nineteenth - Century ( 71 ) Applicants : Jeffrey Langland , Chandler, AZ (US ) ; Therapy for Smallpox ” , PLoS One, Mar. 2012 , 7 ( 3 ) , article ID Bertram Jacobs, Tempe , AZ (US ) ; e23610 , 9 pages . Karen Denzler , Phoenix , AZ (US ) Astani , A . et al. , “ Melissa officinalis Extract Inhibits Attachment of Herpes Simplex Virus in vitro ” , Chemotherapy, 2012 (published (72 ) Inventors : Jeffrey Langland , Chandler , AZ (US ) ; online Feb . 2012 ) , 58 , pp . 70 - 77 . Chattopadhyay, D . et al ., “ Ethnomedicines and ethnomedicinal Bertram Jacobs, Tempe , AZ (US ) ; phytophores against herpesviruses” , Biotechnology Annual Review , Karen Denzler , Phoenix , AZ (US ) 2008 (available online Jul. 2008 ) , 14 , pp . 297 - 348 . Cheng, C . et al. , “ Recent Advances in the Discovery of Novel ( 73 ) Assignee : Arizona Board of Regents on behalf Anti -Herpetic Agents from Chinese Herbal Medicines ” , Current of Arizona State University , Scotsdale , Organic Chemistry, 2010 , 14 ( 16 ), pp . 1714 - 1726 . AZ (US ) Downing, A . , “ Inter and intra - specific differences in medicinal plant use for the treatment of type II diabetes symptoms by the Cree Elders of Eeyou Istchee ( QC ) ” , University of Montreal , Papyrus ( * ) Notice : Subject to any disclaimer , the term of this Institutional Repository , Master ' s Thesis , 2010 , 117 pages . patent is extended or adjusted under 35 Harris , C . et al ., " Characterizing the cytoprotective activity of U . -
Diversity and Useful Products in Some Verbenaceous Member of Melghat and Amravati Regions, Maharashtra, India
BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X (printed edition) Volume 12, Number 3, July 2011 ISSN: 2085-4722 (electronic) Pages: 146-163 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d120305 Diversity and useful products in some Verbenaceous member of Melghat and Amravati regions, Maharashtra, India SHUBHANGI NAGORAO INGOLE♥ Department of Botany, Bai, R.D.I.K. and N.K.D. College, Badnera, Amravati 444701, Maharashtra, India, Tel./Fax. +917212663865, +919823259331, ♥email: shubhangiingole@rediffmail. Manuscript received: 2 July 2011. Revision accepted: 31 July 2011. ABSTRACT Ingole SN. 2011. Diversity and useful products in some Verbenaceous member of Melghat and Amravati regions, Maharashtra, India. Biodiversitas 12: 146-163. Verbenaceae is a large family of very diverse habit. The present study deals with detailed characteristics, distribution and economically important products of some verbenaceous members of Melghat and Amravati regions. During the survey twenty members belonging to fourteen genera of Verbenaceae were collected. Some members occur abundantly either in wild or cultivated state like Lantana camara L. var. aculeata Mold., Lantana flava Medik., L. nivea Vent., Glandularia bipinnatifida (Schauer) Nutt., Duranta erecta L., Vitex negundo L., Volkameria inermis L., Clerodendrum phlomidis L. f., Clerodendrum splendens G. Don, Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. etc. while Petrea volubilis L., Gmelina arborea Roxb., G. philippensis Cham., Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl., S. mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl., Rotheca serrata (L.) Steane & Mabb., Holmskioldia sanguinea Retz. are not much common and occur in limited locations. Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene, a creeping much-branched herb is found typically in wet places. Tectona grandis L. f. occurs very variable in size according to its habitat and is common dominant tree in forest of Melghat and also planted in plains. -
RECORDS of the HAWAII BIOLOGICAL SURVEY for 1998 Part 1: Articles
1 RECORDS OF THE HAWAII BIOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR 1998 Part 1: Articles Editors’ Preface We are pleased to present the fifth annual compilation of Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey. The number and diversity of taxa reported in these issues attest to the value of the Records as part of the ongoing effort to inventory the Hawaiian biota. The Hawaii Biological Survey, established by the Hawaii State Legislature in 1992 as a program of the Bishop Museum, is an ongoing natural history inventory of the Hawaiian Archipelago. It was created to locate, identify, and evaluate all native and non- native species of flora and fauna within the state; and by State Law to maintain the refer- ence collections of that flora and fauna for a wide range of uses. In coordination with related activities in other federal, state, and private agencies, the Hawaii Biological Sur- vey gathers, analyzes, and disseminates biological information necessary for the wise stewardship of Hawai‘i’s biological resources Some of the highlights of Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 1998 include: • an update of numbers of species in Hawai‘i; • a checklist of the Hymenoptera of Midway Atoll; • a list of the terrestrial isopods from Midway Atoll; • results of an extensive survey of apple snails from watercourses on O‘ahu; • new records of plants, insects, and other invertebrates resulting from field surveys and continued curation of Hawaiian collections at Bishop Museum and else- where An intensive and coordinated effort has been made by the Hawaii Biological Survey to make our products, including many of the databases supporting papers published here, available to the widest user-community possible through our web server. -
Flora of North America
Flora of North America Volume 25, Number 1 Newsletter January – June 2011 PRESIDENT’S REPORT Flora of North America Association: Deadlines Are Dead Serious Luc Brouillet, FNAA president roducing any volume of the Flora of North America more precise idea of the progress of the flora because very Pseries requires dedication from a large number of large genera tend to arrive late. As stated above, these are individuals over a long period of time. But, production the volumes nearing completion. What is the overall state cannot start before manuscripts are received. This state- of volume production for the remaining ten volumes? ment underscores the crucial role played by authors in The percentage of manuscripts received (and in the FNA project. Authors have many commitments and regional review) varies from 1 to 37%, for an overall often will put off writing their treatments, precisely average of 16.5%. This is both impressive and a call to because of the apparently remote deadlines (or through greater efforts. Indeed, if we want to finish the Flora a disbelief in deadlines). Yet deadlines are dead serious within a reasonable timeframe (and we must), manuscript to FNA: editors, reviewers, technical editors, and artists flow from authors must increase, and those authors who all depend on manuscript delivery. have not yet started to work on their treatments must The FNA project is more than half way to completion. do so now. No more procrastination: deadlines are real, If we exclude the three volumes (6, 9, and 28) currently in for us at the project as much as for you authors. -
Further Disintegration and Redefinition of Clerodendrum (Lamiaceae): Implications for the Understanding of the Evolution of an Intriguing Breeding Strategy
TAXON 59 (1) • February 2010: 125–133 Yuan & al. • Phylogeny of Clerodendrum and allied genera Further disintegration and redefinition of Clerodendrum (Lamiaceae): Implications for the understanding of the evolution of an intriguing breeding strategy Yao-Wu Yuan,1,2 David J. Mabberley,3,4 Dorothy A. Steane5 & Richard G. Olmstead1 1 Department of Biology, University of Washington, Box 355325, Seattle, Washington 98195-5325, U.S.A. 2 Current address: 4504 Miller Plant Sciences Building, Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, U.S.A. 3 University of Washington Botanic Gardens, College of Forest Resources, Box 354115, Seattle, Washington 98195-4115, U.S.A. 4 Current address: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, U.K. 5 School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia Author for correspondence: Yao-Wu Yuan, [email protected] Abstract The genus Clerodendrum s.l. is polyphyletic. Although recent studies have resulted in C. subg. Cyclonema and C. sect. Konocalyx being removed to the resurrected genus Rotheca, and the unispecific genus Huxleya being sunk into Clerodendrum, it has been unclear whether Clerodendrum as currently circumscribed is monophyletic, particularly in relation to the American genera Aegiphila, Amasonia, and Tetraclea. This phylogenetic study employs four relatively fast-evolving chloroplast DNA re- gions, trnT-L, trnL-F, trnD-T, and trnS-fM, to clarify the generic boundaries of Clerodendrum and its relationship to allied genera. The results corroborate previous studies that there are three well-supported clades in the currently recognized Clerodendrum: an Asian clade, an African clade, and a Pantropical Coastal clade. -
Floristic Relationships of New Caledonian Rainforest Phanerogams
Extract from Telopea 2(6): 631-679 (1986) 63 1 FLORISTIC RELATIONSHIPS OF NEW CALEDONIAN RAINFOREST PHANEROGAMS PH.MORAT!, J.-M. VELLONI& H. S. MACKEE~ (Accepted for publication 16.9.1983) ABSTRACT Morat, Ph.’, Veìllon, J.-M.’ & MacKee, H. S.2 (‘Centre ORSTOM, B.P. A5 Cedex, Nouméa, New Caledonia; 2L3.P. 3349, Nouméa, New Caledonia) 1984. Floristic relatiomhips of New Caledonian rainforest phanerogams. Telopea 2[4): 631-679 - A detailed analysis of the New Caledonian rainforest flora is given; 1499 species in 365 genera and 108 families are listed. Distribution of the species within New Caledonia is given in terms of specificity to rainforest (forestInon-forest and forest occurrence) and to substrate (only ultrabasiclabsent from ultrabasic/present on ultrabasic and other substr: :ss). Distribution of genera is presented according’to occurrences in 12 phyto- geographic units from endemic to pantropical. Sources of information are given. Comparisons with the whole New Caledonian phanerogamic flora are made; 46% of genera and species and 66% of families occur in the rainforest. For the flora the level of specific endemism is c. 75%. Floristic affinities are assessed by: comparison of numbers of genera shared with other regions (pantropical genera included/excluded); and numbers of genera shared exclusively by New Caledonia and 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 other regions. In these comparisons Australia, New Guinea, Malesia, Fiji, the New Hebrides, the Solomon Islands and then New Zealand have the most genera in common with New Caledonia. A floristic affinity Co-efficient for each territory was calculated from the proportion of the number of common genera to the number of territories in which they occur, for groups of two to six territories. -
Origin and Evolution of Hawaiian Endemics: New Patterns Revealed by Molecular Phylogenetic Studies
4 Origin and evolution of Hawaiian endemics: new patterns revealed by molecular phylogenetic studies S t e r l i n g C . K e e l e y a n d V i c k i A . F u n k The current high islands of the Hawaiian archipelago are among the most remote land masses in the world. They lie 3500 km from California, the nearest contin- ental source, and approximately 2300 km from the Marquesas , the nearest islands ( Fig. 4.1 ). They are the southernmost islands in the Hawaiian Ridge , formed succes- sively over a ‘hot spot’ that has allowed magma to penetrate the Pacifi c Plate. The plate has moved gradually north and northwestwards over the past 85 Ma, leaving the previously formed islands to gradually erode and subside (Clague, 1996 ). The current high islands ( Fig. 4.1 , inset) range in age from Kauai /Niihau (5.1–4.9 Ma), to Oahu (3.7–2.6 Ma), to Maui Nui (2.2–1.2 Ma), during the Pleistocene compris- ing several islands – West Maui (1.3 Ma), East Maui (0.75 Ma), Molokai (1.76–1.90 Ma), Lanai (1.28 Ma) and Kaho’olawe (1.03 Ma) – and Hawaii (0.5 Ma to present) (Price & Clague, 2002 ). Important for the establishment and evolution of the extant Hawaiian fl ora is the historic pattern of island formation within the archipelago. For example, islands with elevations greater than 1000 m did not exist from 30 to 23 Ma and from c . 8 to 5 Ma when the current high islands began to emerge (Clague, 1996 ; Price & Clague, 2002 ; Clague et al ., 2010 ). -
Additions to the Flora of Singapore, New and Overlooked Records of Naturalised Plant Species (1)
Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 70 (1): 91–101. 2018 91 doi: 10.26492/gbs70(1).2018-09 Additions to the Flora of Singapore, new and overlooked records of naturalised plant species (1) L.M.J. Chen, B.C. Ho, L.M. Choo & S.L. Koh Herbarium, Research & Conservation Branch, Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, 259569, Singapore [email protected] ABSTRACT. Nine species of plants that are casual or have become naturalised are newly recorded for Singapore. Six of these are weeds assumed to have only recently arrived in Singapore: Cuscuta campestris Yunck., Clidemia capitellata (Bonpl.) D.Don, Decalobanthus peltatus (L.) A.R.Simões & Staples, Erigeron bellioides DC., Justicia comata (L.) Lam., Mecardonia procumbens (Mill.) Small. The remaining three have been in Singapore for some time but have been previously overlooked: Pseudelephantopus spicatus (Juss. ex Aubl.) C.F.Baker, Praxelis clematidea R.M.King & H.Rob and Spigelia anthelmia L. Keywords. Acanthaceae, Asteraceae, Convolvulaceae, Loganiaceae, Melastomataceae, naturalised species, new records Introduction During the course of routine collection and identification of material coming into the Herbarium of Singapore Botanic Gardens, along with taxonomic work being done for the Flora of Singapore project, nine species of non-native but naturalised plants were newly recorded for Singapore. These are reported here. 1. Cuscuta campestris Yunck. (Convolvulaceae) A native of North America, this parasitic weed has naturalised in many parts of the world. In Singapore, it was collected for the first time in 2011. It can be distinguished from Cuscuta australis R.Br., already recorded from Singapore, by the shape of the corolla scales.