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ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN NO. 390 LISTS OF TAXA NAMED FOR F. RAYMOND FOSBERG AND BY HIM BY DAN H. NICOLSON ISSUED BY NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION WASHINGTON, D.C., USA. FEBRUARY 1994 LISTS OF TAXA NAMED FOR F. RAYMOND FOSBERG AND BY HIM DAN H. NICOLSON SUMMARY Fifty-one plant names, using epithets such as fosbergii or fosbergiana, honor Dr. Fosberg. Almost 1000 taxa were named by him or with him as co-author, over half being infraspecific taxa (subspecies, varieties, formae) in Gouldia and Hedyotis of the Rubiaceae. The basic tool used for these lists was Index Kewensis (mostly includes only seed plants and only to species level) on a compact disk, read-only-memory (CD-ROM) in the beta-test version. There are some difficulties with data misread by the optical character reader, such as Piper 'Ifoshergii" and Diplostephium 'Ifcsbergii", Thus, there may be some overlooked species names masked by a misspelling. Also, Index Kewensis did not incorporate trinomials (infraspecific names) or names of subdivisions of families and genera until relatively recently. This may result in some overlooked names at these ranks. More names were found in databases maintained at Missouri Botanical Garden (TROPICOS is excellent for mosses). Marshall Crosby and Robert Magill, bryologists, found two more moss names and four more vascular plant names, all older trinomials. A trinomial and an unexpected binomial (Gouldiafosbergii, apparently overlooked by Index Kewensis) was found by my colleague, Warren L. Wagner, in a database of Hawiian plant names. The "Gray Cards" database of Harvard University (names of New World vascular plants after 1890), now on-line, was checked. I don't know of tools comparable to Index Kewensis and these databases for other biological groups. Dr. Paul C. Silva (University of California at Berkeley), who maintains a card index to algae, was asked if he could locate phycological names. Dr. F. Christian Thompson, member of the Zoological Commission, was asked if he could locate zoological names. Dr. David Lellinger, pteridologist here at the Smithsonian, was asked about finding fern names. All reported that they knew of no taxa named for Dr. Fosberg but that the tools do not exist to check, let alone to be certain. Author names are abbreviated in accordance with APN (R. K. Brurnmitt & C. E. Powell's 1992 Authors of plant names). Periodical titles are abbreviated in accordance with B-P-H (G. H. M. Lawrence et al.'s 1968 Botanico-Periodicum- Huntianum) and its Supplement (Bridson & Smith, 1991). Unless some problem or inconsistency was noted, the original publication was not checked. If errors of commission or omission are noted, the author would be grateul for the information. Botany Department, MRC- 166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, U.S.A. TAXA NAMED FOR F. RAYMOND FOSBERG Shortly before Dr. Fosberg died, I reported to him that his moss, Pottia fosbergii (see below), had been demoted to a variety, Pottia sterkeana var. fosbergii. He commented that it was the first species named for him, based on material that he collected shortly before his twentieth birthday in 1928 as a student of Philip Munz at Pomona College. On a more personal note, some of Dr. Fosberg's colleagues have told me that he was pleased that Emilia fosbergii was named for him. Dr. Fosberg showed me how to tell the three confused neotropical species apart, almost at arm's length. This species, going under a misapplied name, was new so I named it for him. In any case, wherever he went in the tropics, he could point out this widespread weed and tell listeners that it was named for him. The Manual of Flowering Plants of Hawai 'i says that Fosberg's lovegrass (Eragrostis fosbergii) is extinct. Throughout his career Dr. Fosberg supported conservation and warned of the dangers of man's destruction of habitats. Are others extinct? Fifty-one names in his honor have been located, although some are transfers of the same taxon, such as Bernardi's transferring Cussonia fosbergiana to SchefJlera. One invalidly published name, a nomen nudum, has been omitted: Serianthes minhassae subsp. fosbergii Kanis in Brunonia 2: 302. 1980 (= Albizia melanesica Fosberg). There is a distinction between adjectival and substantive epithets. Adjectival epithets, agreeing in gender, number and case with the generic name (jixbergianus, -a, -urn), are appropriate to honor someone who has not had a direct part in the taxon itself, such as a professor, supporter, etc., and is literally translated from Latin as "the Fosbergian Cussonia." Substantive epithets, nouns with independent gender, number and case, are in genitive case Vbsbergii) and are appropriate to honor one who has had a direct and substantive part in the taxon, such as having collected it, recognized it as new, etc., literally "Fosberg's Emilia." Recent workers may be unaware of the distinction and use the substantive form because it is shorter. Nevertheless, of the species named in Fosberg's honor, he appears to have a substantive, direct part in 90% Vbsbergii) and an indirect part in 10% (fosbergianus, -a, -urn), the mark of an active field worker. Musci Ectropothecium fosbergii E. B. Bartram in Occas. Pap. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 15(27): 346 (1940). Phascum fosbergii (E. B. Bartram) J. Guerra in J. Bryol. 16: 59 (1990) (Pottia fosbergii). Pottia fosbergii E. B. Bartram in Bryologist 33: 18 (1930). Pottia sterkeana var. fosbergii (E. B. Bartram) R. H. Zander in Novon 3: 92 (1993) (Pottia fosbergii). Acanthaceae Aphelandra fosbergii Leonard in Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herb. 31: 71 1 (1958). Aquifoliaceae Ilex fosbergiana S. Y.Hu in J. Jap. Bot. 46: 68 (1971). Araliaceae Cheirodendron trigynum var. fosbergii Sherff in Bot. Leafl. 5: 7 (1951). Cussonia fosbergiana Bernardi in Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 76: 363 (1 966). Scheflera fosbergiana (Bernardi) Bernardi in Candollea 24: 1 17 (1 969) (Cussonia fosbergiana). Asteraceae (Compositae) Adenostemma fosbergii R. M. King & H. Rob. in Phytologia 29: 6 (1974). Ageratina fosbergii R. M. King & H. Rob. in Phytologia 28: 495 (1974). Emilia fosbergii Nicolson in Phytologia 32: 34 (1975). Diplostephium fosbergii Cuatrec. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 80: 403 (1953). Hesperomannia bushiana var. fosbergii Degener, F1. Haw. Fam. 344 Hesperomannia bushiana [unpaged] (1 937). Munnozia fosbergii H. Rob. in Phytologia 34: 382 (1976). Perezia fosbergii Tovar in Publ. Mus. Hist. Nat. "Javier Prado", ser. B, Bot. 1(8):22 (1955). Pluchea fosbergii Cooperr. & Galang in Amer. J. Bot. 52: 1025 (1965). Senecio fosbergii Cuatrec. in Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 55: 138 (1 953). Cactaceae Opuntia fosbergii C. B. Wolf in Occas. Papers Rancho Santa Ana Bot. Gard. 2: 79 (1938). Cyclanthaceae Sphaeradenia fosbergii Harling in Acta Hort. Berg. 18: 353 (1958). Cyperaceae Fimbristylis fosbergiana T. Koyama in Bull. Arts & Sci. Div. Ryukyu Univ. 3 : 66 1959). Ericaceae Themistoclesia fosbergii A. C. Sm. in Amer. J. Bot. 40: 470 (1953). Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Schleinitzia fosbergii Nevling & Niezgoda in Adansonia, n. s. 18: 362 (1978). Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra fosbergii St. John & Storey in Occas. Pap. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 20(16): 84 (1950). Cyrtandra grayana var. fosbergii St. John in Phytologia 63: 479 (1987). Lauraceae Litsea fosbergii Kosterm. in Ceylon J. Sci., Biol. Sci. 9: 51 (1971). Loganiaceae Labordia kaalae var. fosbergii Sherff in her. J. Bot. 5: 588 (1 938). Marcgraviaceae Gravia fosbergiana Ewan in Nat. Hist. Misc. 88: 2 (1 95 1). Melastomataceae Miconia fosbergii Wurdack in Phytologia 11: 390 (1965). Menispermaceae Tinospora fosbergii Kundu in Ceylon J. Sci., Biol. Sci. 12: 49 (1 976). Monimiaceae Siparuna fosbergii A. C. Sm. in her. J. Bot. 40: 469 (1953). Myrsinaceae Myrsine fosbergii Hosaka in Occas. Papers Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 16(2): 46 (1940). Myrsine meziana var. fosbergii (Hosaka) Wilbur in Pac. Sci. 19: 522 (1965) (Myrsine fosbergii ). Rapanea fosbergii (Hosaka) Degener & I. Degener in Phytologia 22: 212 (1971) (Myrsine fosbergii). Onagraceae Fuchsia fosbergii Munz in Aliso 7: 409 (1972). Pandanaceae Pandanus fosbergii St. John in Pacific Sci. 15: 33 1 (1 961). Piperaceae Peperomia fosbergii Yunck. in Bernice P. Bishop Mus. Bull. 143: 46 (1937). Piper fosbergii Trel. in Lloydia 3: 11 1 (1940). Pittosporaceae Pittosporum insigne var. fosbergii Sherff in Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 413 (1941). Poaceae (Grarnineae) Eragrostis fosbergii Whitney in Occas. Pap. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 13(8): 75 (1937). Polygalaceae Monnina fosbergii Ferreyra in Phytologia 69: 356 (1990). Portulacaceae Portulaca fosbergii Poelln. in Occas. Pap. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 12(9): 3 (1936). Rubiaceae Arachnothrix fosbergii Steyerm. in Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 17: 255 (1967). Galium fosbergii Dempster in MadroAo 35: 3 (1988). Gardenia fosbergii Tirveng. in Nordic J. Bot. 3: 460 (1983). Gouldia fosbergii Degener & I. Degener in Phytologia 15: 49 (1967). Hedyotis fosbergii W. L. Wagner & D. R. Herbst in Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 29: 111 (1989). Psychotria fosbergii Steyerm. in Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 630 (1972). Psychotria fosbergii Sohmer in Bot. Notiser 129: 3 8 1 (1977) (= Psychotria sohmeri Kiehn 1986). Solanaceae Solanum fosbergianum DYArcyin Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60: 700 (1974). Tiliaceae Trichospermum fosbergii Kosterm. in Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 41: 416 (1972). TAXA NAMED BY F. RAYMOND FOSBERG The basic input was again taken from Index Kewensis on CD-ROM, this time by Dr. Joseph Kirkbride (US Department of Agriculture). Ellen Farr (Smithsonian Botany Department) brought Dr. Kirkbride's data through a database (DBase IV) into text. I am very grateful to them for their time and trouble. I then removed all entries with Fosberg as an author in parentheses (transfer of a Fosberg taxon), such as Chamaesyce stoddartii (Fosberg) J. Sojak, unless it was made by Fosberg, such as Casuarina litorea var. souderi (Fosberg) Fosberg & Sachet.
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    RESEARCH INFORMATION SERIES ON ECOSYSTEMS Volume 16 No. 3 January – April 2004 Species for Bonsai Material Compiled by Helen B. Florido and Fe F. Cortiguerra Foreword Bonsai is a dwarfed tree growing in a tray or a pot. “Bon” means tray or pot in Japanese; “sai” means to plant; therefore bonsai means literally planted in a tray. It is an art of dwarfing trees or plants and developing them into an aesthetically appearing shape by growing pruning and training them in a container according to a precribed technique. Bonsai are not special plants but rather ordinary plants grown in a special way. A bonsai “tree” can be made of almost any woody plant material, including trees, shrubs or vines. Species with small leaves and are tolerant to heavy pruning are considered desirable as bonsai material. Bonsai-making is an interesting hobby or even a profession. For plant propagators/gardeners it may be an additional source of income aside from the personal satisfaction they experience. For in this issue of RISE, we are providing you important information on the species popularly used as bonsai material. CELSO P. DIAZ Director 2 1. Bantigi Common name: Bantigi Local names: Ngirad (Ilocos Norte); kulasi (Rizal); bantigi (Tayabas, Cebu); legad (Palawan, Zamboanga, Sulu) Scientific name: Pemphis acidula Forster Family: Lythraceae Description An evergreen shrub or small tree up to 10 m tall or more; bole is often short and crooked, up to 20 (-40) cm in diameter; bark surface becomes deeply fissured with age and flakes into long strips, light grey to dark grey-brown.
  • Origin and Evolution of Hawaiian Endemics: New Patterns Revealed by Molecular Phylogenetic Studies

    Origin and Evolution of Hawaiian Endemics: New Patterns Revealed by Molecular Phylogenetic Studies

    4 Origin and evolution of Hawaiian endemics: new patterns revealed by molecular phylogenetic studies S t e r l i n g C . K e e l e y a n d V i c k i A . F u n k The current high islands of the Hawaiian archipelago are among the most remote land masses in the world. They lie 3500 km from California, the nearest contin- ental source, and approximately 2300 km from the Marquesas , the nearest islands ( Fig. 4.1 ). They are the southernmost islands in the Hawaiian Ridge , formed succes- sively over a ‘hot spot’ that has allowed magma to penetrate the Pacifi c Plate. The plate has moved gradually north and northwestwards over the past 85 Ma, leaving the previously formed islands to gradually erode and subside (Clague, 1996 ). The current high islands ( Fig. 4.1 , inset) range in age from Kauai /Niihau (5.1–4.9 Ma), to Oahu (3.7–2.6 Ma), to Maui Nui (2.2–1.2 Ma), during the Pleistocene compris- ing several islands – West Maui (1.3 Ma), East Maui (0.75 Ma), Molokai (1.76–1.90 Ma), Lanai (1.28 Ma) and Kaho’olawe (1.03 Ma) – and Hawaii (0.5 Ma to present) (Price & Clague, 2002 ). Important for the establishment and evolution of the extant Hawaiian fl ora is the historic pattern of island formation within the archipelago. For example, islands with elevations greater than 1000 m did not exist from 30 to 23 Ma and from c . 8 to 5 Ma when the current high islands began to emerge (Clague, 1996 ; Price & Clague, 2002 ; Clague et al ., 2010 ).