Linnaeus' Philosophia Botanica
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An Antillean Plant of Beauty, a French Botanist, and a German Name: Naming Plants in the Early Modern Atlantic World
Estonian Journal of Ecology, 2012, 61, 1, 37–50 doi: 10.3176/eco.2012.1.05 An Antillean plant of beauty, a French botanist, and a German name: naming plants in the Early Modern Atlantic world Laura Hollsten Faculty of Arts, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Åbo, Finland; [email protected] Received 10 December 2010, revised 7 March 2011, accepted 27 June 2011 Abstract. This paper investigates the naming of plants in the work of the French botanist Charles Plumier (1646–1704). Plumier made three trips to the French Antilles between 1690 and 1697, was appointed royal botanist in 1693, and published his first work, Description des Plantes de l’Amérique, in the same year. Plumier was the first ‘modern’ botanist to describe the flora of the Caribbean in a time when natural history underwent significant qualitative changes as a result of the European expansion and transatlantic contacts. Plumier’s ambition was to replace the confusing multitude of names given to New World plants with a universal taxonomically based nomenclature. His modernity and scientific ethos manifest themselves in his neutral way of organizing the plants according to a taxonomic system and his use of a Latin nomenclature, often naming plants after well-known botanists. Through Plumier’s naming process, I argue, it is possible to highlight the colonial and Atlantic context of his work, his network as part of the scientific elite of his country, and his professionalism resulting from years of botanical studies. Key words: history of botany, early modern natural history, plant nomenclature. INTRODUCTION According to a story entitled ‘The Tree of Riches’, the French botanist Charles Plumier decided that he would like to travel the world and get rich (Pellowski, 1990). -
Biology 302-Systematic Botany
Biology 302 – Field Systematic Botany “Nomina si nescis, perit et cognitio rerum” (If you do not know the names of things, the knowledge of them is useless) Summer II 2013 Linneaus Critica Botanica 1737 Instructor Dr. Ross A. McCauley Office: 447 Berndt Hall Office phone: 970-247-7338 E-mail: [email protected] Webpage: http://faculty.fortlewis.edu/mccauley_r/index.html Office hours: MWR 10:00 am-12:10 pm and by appointment Course information Meeting time and place: Lecture/Lab MWR 8:00–10: 00 am, Berndt 440; Field T 8:00 am – 4:30 pm. The lab and herbarium will be open and available for independent work until at least noon on all class days. Required texts: Judd, W. S., C. S. Campbell, E. A. Kellogg, P. F. Stevens and M. J. Donoghue. 2008. Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach, 3rd Edition. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, MA. ISBN: 978-0-87893-407-2 Weber, W. A. and R. C. Wittmann. 2012. Colorado Flora: Western Slope, 4th edition. University Press of Colorado, Boulder, CO. ISBN: 978-1-60732-142-2 Harris, J. G. and M. W. Harris. 2001. Plant Identification Terminology, 2nd edition, Spring Lake Publishing, Spring Lake, UT. ISBN: 978-0-96402-216-4 Required Supplies (available at FLC bookstore – probably not shelved with textbooks – ask clerk for assistance) 10x handlens 1 Rite-in-the-Rain, Horizontal Line All-Weather Notebook, No. 391 Course Website: http://moodle.fortlewis.edu I will use Moodle as a repository for any lecture material and plant lists. Most of these will also be made available in class. -
Today, My Favorite Azalea Companion Plant of an Herbaceous Perennial Type Is
Today, My Favorite Azalea Companion Plant of an Herbaceous Perennial Type Is.... By William C. Miller III—Bethesda, Maryland This is the third in a series of “favorite” articles. The natural distribution, however, extends into The azaleas ‘Ambrosia’ and ‘Opal’ were previ- Canada and Mexico and private gardens across the ously identified as my favorite Glenn Dale and US where it is a very popular element in water and Linwood Hardy Hybrids respectively.1 It occurred rain gardens and might not be represented on the to me that it would be useful to expand my focus government map. It was introduced into Europe in to the rest of the plant kingdom, since very few the mid-1620s and has become naturalized. Since people have gardens that are limited to azaleas. it isn’t overly competitive, it is technically consid- Companion plants, often overlooked in the ered non-native rather than “invasive.” homeowner garden planning process, comprise a surprisingly significant feature in every garden. Lobelia, the Genus There is the canopy and the understory trees, above the azaleas, represented by the taller trees The genus was named after Matthias de l’Obel, (e.g., oak, beech, pine, maple) and the smaller a Flemish physician and botanist (1538-1616) by Charles Plumier, a French priest, botanist, and trees (e.g., dogwood, maple, redbud, and stewar- 2,3 tia). There are plants that share the profile level New World plant explorer (1646-1704). They with the azaleas (e.g., holly, viburnum, hydrangea, both were significant influences on Linnaeus who and other rhododendrons). Finally, there are the is often called the father of taxonomy. -
An Inordinate Disdain for Beetles
An Inordinate Disdain for Beetles: Imagining the Insect in Colonial Aotearoa A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters of Arts in English By Lillian Duval University of Canterbury August 2020 Table of Contents: TABLE OF CONTENTS: ................................................................................................................................. 2 TABLE OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................................... 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................................................ 6 ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................................. 7 INTRODUCTION: INSECTOCENTRISM..................................................................................................................................... 8 LANGUAGE ........................................................................................................................................................... 11 ALICE AND THE GNAT IN CONTEXT ............................................................................................................................ 17 FOCUS OF THIS RESEARCH ....................................................................................................................................... 20 CHAPTER ONE: FRONTIER ENTOMOLOGY AND THE -
Nomenclatura,Íntimamen- De Losnombrescientíficosnohasidounatareafácil
Los humanos clasificamos con el fin de lograr un orden y un manejo más fácil y adecuado de los objetos con los que La trabajamos. Entre los biólogos esta labor es fundamental para establecer códigos de comunicación que permitan ubicar el tipo de organismos que se investigan. Si bien las nomenclatura discusiones y sus resultados han sido parte de un lento y a veces complejo trabajo que ha ido evolucionando con los botánica en nuevos horizontes en la investigación, llegar a acuerdos en las comunidades científicas a nivel mundial en el terreno de los nombres científicos no ha sido una tarea fácil. la sistemática La taxonomía es la ciencia de la clasificación de los gru- pos de organismos, mientras la nomenclatura, íntimamen- te asociada a la taxonomía desde sus orígenes más remotos, del siglo XXI tiene como meta el poner un orden universal en la acepta- ción de nombres a diferentes niveles jerárquicos. Desde hace siglos ha sido imprescindible dar un nombre estable a toda especie y demás categorías que se describen a fin de que se le reconozca en un “idioma” universal. Las nomen- claturas taxonómicas botánica y zoológica se rigen por có- digos internacionales que se aprueban en congresos de este tipo. En general los códigos consisten en reglas, ar tícu- los y suplementos con recomendaciones, que en muchos casos son muy complejos. En el caso de las plantas, el código de referencia es el International Code of Nomenclature que se aprueba en los congresos internacionales periódicos de la International As- sociation for Plant Taxonomy. Las actualizaciones del código se llevan a cabo después de las reuniones de cada congreso, generalmente identificando el código con el nombre de la ciudad sede del congreso. -
Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016
Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016 April 1981 Revised, May 1982 2nd revision, April 1983 3rd revision, December 1999 4th revision, May 2011 Prepared for U.S. Department of Commerce Ohio Department of Natural Resources National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Division of Wildlife Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management 2045 Morse Road, Bldg. G Estuarine Reserves Division Columbus, Ohio 1305 East West Highway 43229-6693 Silver Spring, MD 20910 This management plan has been developed in accordance with NOAA regulations, including all provisions for public involvement. It is consistent with the congressional intent of Section 315 of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, and the provisions of the Ohio Coastal Management Program. OWC NERR Management Plan, 2011 - 2016 Acknowledgements This management plan was prepared by the staff and Advisory Council of the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve (OWC NERR), in collaboration with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources-Division of Wildlife. Participants in the planning process included: Manager, Frank Lopez; Research Coordinator, Dr. David Klarer; Coastal Training Program Coordinator, Heather Elmer; Education Coordinator, Ann Keefe; Education Specialist Phoebe Van Zoest; and Office Assistant, Gloria Pasterak. Other Reserve staff including Dick Boyer and Marje Bernhardt contributed their expertise to numerous planning meetings. The Reserve is grateful for the input and recommendations provided by members of the Old Woman Creek NERR Advisory Council. The Reserve is appreciative of the review, guidance, and council of Division of Wildlife Executive Administrator Dave Scott and the mapping expertise of Keith Lott and the late Steve Barry. -
Miss EA Willmott
726 NATURE NovEMBER 10, 1934 Obituary PROF. 0. V. DARBISHIRE Bristol Naturalists' Society and in that of the South ORN at Conway in 1870, Otto Vernon Darbishire Western Naturalists' Union, of which he was the B had the advantage of a varied education, president. passing his school years in Dresden and Florence and A few years ago, Darbishire met with a serious pursuing his university studies at Bangor, Oxford cycling accident, which incapacitated him almost and Kiel. Thus he gained not only a wide outlook on completely for some considerable time. Happily his life, but became also a good linguist-an inestimable recovery, though slow, was sure, and he completely advantage for a scientific worker. After graduating regained his powers, so that he could again undertake with honours in botany at Oxford, where he studied both his teaching and his research work. He was no under Prof. Vines, he went to Kiel, and there took up doubt looking forward to the opportunity after his first the study of Algre, obtaining the Ph.D. degree. retirement, which was due next year, to devote more He then became assistant to Prof. Reinke and com time to the investigation of lichens, and we might menced his investigations into the structure and have expected further important contributions to development of lichens, a study which he pursued botanical science. But alas, it was not to be. Taken throughout his life. He also turned his attention to ill very suddenly, he died after an operation on the taxonomy of this group of plants, publishing an October 11 at the age of sixty-four years, leaving a important monograph of the genus Roccella in the widow and two young sons. -
Native Plants to Support Bumblebees at Risk
Research-based native plants to support MA bumblebee species at risk. Plants supporting butterfly and other bee species at risk are also indicated. List created by Dr. Robert J Gegear, UMASS Dartmouth ([email protected]). Pollen Sources 'At risk' species BLOOM TIME BUMBLEBEES BUTTER OTHER LATIN NAME COMMON NAME PLANT TYPE SUN SOIL Early Mid Late B. B. B. FLIES BEES MAMJJASOterricola fervidus vagans Hypericum ascyron Great St. John’s-wort Herb. perenn. Full-Part Med NA Hypericum majus Greater St. John’s-wort Herb. perenn. Full-Part Med, Wet NA Hypericum punctatum Spotted St. John’s-wort Herb. perenn. Full-Part Med, Dry NA Hypericum prolificum Shrubby St. John’s-wort Shrub Full-Part Med, Dry NA Rosa acicularis Bristly rose Shrub Full-Shade Med, Dry NA Rosa blanda Smooth rose Shrub Full-Part Med, Dry NA Wet, Med, Rosa carolina Carolina rose Shrub Full-Part NA Dry Rosa nitida Shining rose Shrub Full-Part Wet, Med NA Rosa palustris Swamp rose Shrub Full-Part Med NA Rosa virginiana Virginia rose Shrub Full-Part Med NA Rubus odoratus Flowering raspberry Shrub Full-Part Med NA Salix discolor Pussy willow (male) Shrub Full Med NA Salix humilis Prairie willow (male) Shrub Full-Part Med, Dry NA Salix lucida Shining willow (male) Shrub Full-Part Med, wet NA Salix occidentalis Dwarf prairie willow (male) Shrub Full-Part Med, Dry NA Salix petiolaris Meadow willow (male) Shrub/sm tree Full-Part Med NA Dry, Med, Salix bebbiana Bebb willow (male) Shrub Full-Part NA Wet Spiraea alba White meadowsweet Shrub Full-Part Wet, Med NA Spiraea tomentosa Steeplebush Shrub Full-Part Wet NA BLOOM TIME BUMBLEBEES Nectar sources BUTTER OTHER Early Mid Late LATIN NAME COMMON NAME PLANT TYPE SUN SOIL B. -
Distributions of Extinction Times from Fossil Ages and Tree Topologies: the Example of Some Mid-Permian Synapsid Extinctions
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.11.448028; this version posted June 11, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Distributions of extinction times from fossil ages and tree topologies: the example of some mid-Permian synapsid extinctions Gilles Didier1 and Michel Laurin2 1IMAG, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France 2CR2P (“Centre de Recherches sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements”; UMR 7207), CNRS/MNHN/UPMC, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France June 11, 2021 Abstract Given a phylogenetic tree of extinct and extant taxa with fossils where the only temporal infor- mation stands in the fossil ages, we devise a method to compute the distribution of the extinction time of a given set of taxa under the Fossilized-Birth-Death model. Our approach differs from the previous ones in that it takes into account the possibility that the taxa or the clade considered may diversify before going extinct, whilst previous methods just rely on the fossil recovery rate to estimate confidence intervals. We assess and compare our new approach with a standard previous one using simulated data. Results show that our method provides more accurate confidence intervals. This new approach is applied to the study of the extinction time of three Permo-Carboniferous synapsid taxa (Ophiacodontidae, Edaphosauridae, and Sphenacodontidae) that are thought to have disappeared toward the end of the Cisuralian, or possibly shortly thereafter. The timing of extinctions of these three taxa and of their component lineages supports the idea that a biological crisis occurred in the late Kungurian/early Roadian. -
Utilizing Novel Grasslands for the Conservation and Restoration Of
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2014 Utilizing novel grasslands for the conservation and restoration of butterflies nda other pollinators in agricultural ecosystems John Thomas Delaney Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, Natural Resources and Conservation Commons, and the Natural Resources Management and Policy Commons Recommended Citation Delaney, John Thomas, "Utilizing novel grasslands for the conservation and restoration of butterflies and other pollinators in agricultural ecosystems" (2014). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 14097. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/14097 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Utilizing novel grasslands for the conservation and restoration of butterflies and other pollinators in agricultural ecosystems by John Thomas Delaney A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Program of Study Committee: Diane M. Debinski, Major Professor David M. Engle Mary A. Harris Amy L. Toth Brian J. Wilsey Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2014 Copyright © John Thomas Delaney, 2014. All rights reserved. ii Dedication I dedicate this dissertation to all of my family, friends, and mentors who have helped me along in this journey. -
Preliminary Classification of Leotiomycetes
Mycosphere 10(1): 310–489 (2019) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/7 Preliminary classification of Leotiomycetes Ekanayaka AH1,2, Hyde KD1,2, Gentekaki E2,3, McKenzie EHC4, Zhao Q1,*, Bulgakov TS5, Camporesi E6,7 1Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China 2Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand 3School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand 4Landcare Research Manaaki Whenua, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand 5Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops, 2/28 Yana Fabritsiusa Street, Sochi 354002, Krasnodar region, Russia 6A.M.B. Gruppo Micologico Forlivese “Antonio Cicognani”, Via Roma 18, Forlì, Italy. 7A.M.B. Circolo Micologico “Giovanni Carini”, C.P. 314 Brescia, Italy. Ekanayaka AH, Hyde KD, Gentekaki E, McKenzie EHC, Zhao Q, Bulgakov TS, Camporesi E 2019 – Preliminary classification of Leotiomycetes. Mycosphere 10(1), 310–489, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/7 Abstract Leotiomycetes is regarded as the inoperculate class of discomycetes within the phylum Ascomycota. Taxa are mainly characterized by asci with a simple pore blueing in Melzer’s reagent, although some taxa have lost this character. The monophyly of this class has been verified in several recent molecular studies. However, circumscription of the orders, families and generic level delimitation are still unsettled. This paper provides a modified backbone tree for the class Leotiomycetes based on phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, LSU, SSU, TEF, and RPB2 loci. In the phylogenetic analysis, Leotiomycetes separates into 19 clades, which can be recognized as orders and order-level clades. -
The Occurrence of Myxomycetes on Different Decay Stages of Trunks of Picea Abies, Pinus Sylvestris and Betula Spp. in a Small Oldgrowth Forest in Southern Finland
Karstenia 42: 13- 22, 2002 The occurrence of myxomycetes on different decay stages of trunks of Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and Betula spp. in a small oldgrowth forest in southern Finland TARJA UKKOLA UKKOLA, T. 2002: The occurrence of myxomycetes on different decay stages of trunks of Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and Betula spp. in a small oldgrowth forest in southern Finland. - Karstenia 42: 13- 22. Helsinki. ISSN 0453-3402. The occurrence of myxomycetes was studied on fallen trunks of Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, and Betula spp. (B. pendula and B. pubescens) in a small oldgrowth forest in southern Finland in May 1998 - September 1999. The study site is located in Luukkaa Recreation Area, and was left in pristine state in 1966. The sample trunks were chosen to represent different stages of decomposition and checked every second or fourth > eek in all for 17 times. A total of 325 myxomycete specimens representing 44 taxa in 16 genera were observed. Four taxa, Comatricha pulchella var. fusca, Lycogala exiguum, Licea cf. pus ilia, and Physarum bethelii are new records to Finland. During the study, myxomycetes were most abundant on decomposing trunks of Betula spp. (123 specimens), especially on well-decayed trunks. The species diversity was about the same on all studied tree species: 27 taxa were recorded on P abies and P sylvestris, and 22 on Betula spp. The largest di ersity was on two pine trunks with fairly soft wood (a total of 19 taxa). The common myxomycetes, Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa and Lycogala epidendrum, represent generalists in this study, being abundant and present at nearly all decay stages of all studied tree species.