How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari ? M.K.Raina
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How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari?
By
M.K.Raina
Updated January 2006 ------
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How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari ? M.K.Raina
ABOUT KASHMIRI LANGUAGE AND DEVANAGARI-KASHMIRI SCRIPT:
Introduction:
In olden times, Kashmiri was written in Sharada, one of the oldest scripts which was developed around 10th century. Some scholars are of the view that Sharada used to be our script for writing Sanskrit, which we subsequently used to write Kashmiri. Indo- Roman type was used for writing Kashmiri for quite some time, but it could not become popular. The Persio-Arabic script has been recognised as the official script for Kashmiri by the government. Devanagari-Kashmiri did not receive any official patronage but it continued to be used by Kashmiri Pandits as a medium of writing. However there was one lacuna. Writers used different set of diacritical marks to represent peculiar Kashmiri sounds and this resulted in chaos and confusion among the readers. In 1995, a committee of scholars agreed on adopting a particular set of diacritical marks for the peculiar Kashmiri sounds. This set of diacritical marks continued to be used in Devanagari-Kashmiri till the year 2002, when another committee of experts led by Dr. Roop Krishen Bhat, under the auspices of Northern Regional Language Centre of the Central Institute of Indian Languages (Ministry of Human Resources Development), decided to further modify some of the diacritical marks. The said Committee agreed upon a set of modified vowels and diacritical marks, leading to finalisation of the Standardised Devanagari-Kashmiri script towards end of the year 2002. This Script is now being used, or set to be used by all for uniformity in writing Kashmiri in Devanagari. The Standardised Devanagari-Kashmiri Alphabet has the following set of Vowels and Consonants:
Vowels (mJçj) Dç, Dç@, Dçò, Dçó, Dçç, Dçç@, F, F&, G, T, $çÝ, S, Sô, Sí, Dççí, Dççô, DççÌ, Dçb
Dç@, Dçò, Dçó, Dçç@, Sô, and Dççô have been introduced in Kashmiri Vowels to represent the peculiar Kashmiri sounds which are strange to Nagari. There is no place for Visarga (Dç:) in Kashmiri. ³ç and Jç are considered vowels when they represent second members of a conjunct (as in y³çuç and KJçj )
Consonants (J³çbpçvç) kçÀ, Kç, iç ®ç, s, pç ]®ç, æ s, ] pç ì, þ, [ lç, Lç, o, vç Hç, HçÀ, yç, cç
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How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari ? M.K.Raina
³ç, j, uç, Jç Mç, mç, n $ç
There are three affricative consonants in Kashmiri which are strange to the Nagari alphabet. They are, as you see above, ]®ç, æ s and ] pç. Kashmiri has no aspirated sonants like Iç, Pç, {, Oç and Yç. So Iççì can be written as iççì and Yç³ç as yç³ç in Kashmiri. Similarly <ç, #ç and %ç are also not part of the Kashmiri alphabet. They are often but not always retained in Kashmiri to write words directly borrowed from Sanskrit and Hindi. * and Cç are generally replaced by Anusvara ( b ) in Kashmiri, but can also be used to represent words borrowed from Sanskrit and Hindi. For example, yç´cççCç[ can also be written as yç´cççb[.
Vowels (mJçj)
Dç, Dç@, Dçò, Dçó, Dçç, Dçç@, F, F&, G, T, $çÝ, S, Sô, Sí, Dççí, Dççô, DççÌ, Dçb and ³ç & Jç (when they represent second members of a Conjunct).
We all know how to read and pronounce the Vowels which already exist in Hindi alphabet viz:
Dç, Dçç, F, F&, G, T, $çÝ, S, Sí, Dççí, DççÌ, Dçb, -³ç, -Jç
Some illustrations using these vowels (and their matras) in Kashmiri are given here:
Dç : DçVç, DçKç, Dçjoçn, Dçþ Dçç : DççMç, Dççiçáj, Dççsáj, Dççj ç : jçpç, Mççcç, oçvç, Jççboáj F : FMçìçcç, Fpçç]pçLç çÆ : çÆkçÀpç, çÆoJçlçç, çÆyç®ççíj, çÆyçlçáj F& : F&cççvç, F&éçj çÇ : mççÇj, MççÇvç, lççÇj
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How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari ? M.K.Raina
G : GpçjLç, GuçHçÀLç á : Jçás, kçÀjávç, niçáj T : T³ç&, TvççÇ Ó : mçÓj, ªo, kçÓÀvç $çÝ : $çÝiJçío = : kç=À Now, we will learn reading and pronouncing the Vowels which have specially been introduced in the Standardised Devanagari-Kashmiri alphabet to represent some peculiar sounds of the Kashmiri language viz: Dç@, Dçò, Dçó, Dçç@, Sô, Dççô Kashmir News Network 4 http://iKashmir.net/mkraina/index.html How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari ? M.K.Raina Dç@ : Dç@[ (half), vç@j (arm) o@pç (a piece of cloth) o@j (hard), Dç@uççÇuç (ill) kç@ÀçÆlçpç (swallow), lç@n@j (yellow rice) iç@jçÇyççÇ (poverty), kç@ÀçÆcçmç (whom) Dçò : kç@Àoòuç (bridge), ìòKç (run) yçò (me), cçòmçuçò (skin) JJçuçò (come), Jççjò Jççjò (slowly) iJç[ò (first), Kçòj (slip) oámçò (a type of shawl) Dçó : DçóçÆþcç, Dçóþîçácç (eighth), Kçócçò (tent) lçój (cold), oóHç cççuçç (deep mala) içóbiçþ (veil), KçóbKç (one who speaks through nose) Dçç@ : Dçç@mç (mouth), Dçç@j (plum) oç@j (window), nç@j (maina) uçç@j (cucumber), yçç@Mç (similarity) Sô : Sônmççvç (favour), jôn (flame) oôn (body), lçôçÆuç (then) ñçôn (wetness), yç´ôn (sparks) Dççô : Dççôyçáj (clouds), Dççôvç (blind) Dççôæs (frail), kçÀçôæs (bribe) K³ççôuç (flock) Kashmir News Network 5 http://iKashmir.net/mkraina/index.html How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari ? M.K.Raina Let us now combine Anusvara b with @, çB, ò, ó, ô and çô : B : uçB[ (branch), DçB]pç (swan) DçBpççÇj (fig), jBiççÇvç (coloured) DçBÐç Hç@K³ç (around), içB]pç©vç (to count) çB : cççBLçòj (stone of the fruit) vçççÆJç nçB]pç (boatman) kçÀçBHçávç (to shiver), iççBþ (kite) yççBmçáJç (made of bamboo) bò : Dçòbn-jçj³ç (to groan) içòb[ò (scoundrel), Hçòb]®çón (twentyfive) ób : Dçób]®çòn-Hçób]®çòn (make excuses) kçÀóbm³çd kç@Àì (younger female child) ô b : kçÀôbn (somethimg) çôb : Dççôbiçòpç (finger), ]pççôbiç (fire) mççôbyçáuç (a flower) Before proceeding further, we will have a look at the symbols and diacritical marks in Indo-Roman script, devised by ‘Project Zaan’, to represent Vowels and diacritical marks of the Devanagari-Kashmiri alphabet: Kashmir News Network 6 http://iKashmir.net/mkraina/index.html How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari ? M.K.Raina Kashmiri in Indo-Roman Script – Vowels: Dç is represented by a Dç@ is represented by å Dçò is represented by û Dçó is represented by ü Dçç is represented by à Dçç@ is represented by ä F is represented by í F& is represented by ì G is represented by ú T is represented by ù $çÝ is represented by r S is represented by è Sô is represented by é Sí is represented by æ Dççí is represented by ò Dççô is represented by ó DççÌ is represented by au Dçb is represented by n Kashmir News Network 7 http://iKashmir.net/mkraina/index.html How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari ? M.K.Raina Kashmiri in Indo-Roman Script – Consonants: In the last Lesson, we learned the symbols and diacritical marks in Indo-Roman script, to represent Vowels and diacritical marks of the Devanagari-Kashmiri alphabet. In this Lesson, we will learn about those Consonants, which have varied applications in the Indo-Roman script: Kç is represented by kh ®ç is represented by ch ]®ç is represented by ts s is represented by chh ]s is represented by tsh ]pç is represented by z ì is represented by » þ is represented by »h [ is represented by º lç is represented by t Lç is represented by th o is represented by d HçÀ is represented by ph Mç is represented by sh $ç is represented by tr Kashmir News Network 8 http://iKashmir.net/mkraina/index.html How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari ? M.K.Raina Exercise 1 Using Vowels in Indo-Roman Script a sar (lake) (mçj) mas (hair) (cçmç) å ånz (swan) (DçB]pç) lånº (lame) (uçB[) ä där (window) (oç@j) lär (cucumber) (uçç@j) à yàr (friend) (³ççj) nàr (fire) (vççj) û bû (I, me) (yçò) rûs (slip) (jòmç) au aushad (medicine) (DççÌMço) daulath (wealth) (oçÌuçLç) ê rêth (month) (jd³çLç) dên (days) (Ðçvç) è dèg (cauldron) (oíiç) nèr (go) (vçíj) é réh (flame) (jôn) sréh (wetness) (ñçôn) ì sìr (secret) (çÆmçj) chìran (fat of the entrails) (çÆ®çjvç) í sír (brick) (mççÇj) vír (willow) (JççÇj) i våli (quickly) (Jç@u³çd) kåli (dumbs) (kç@Àu³çd) ô môkh (face) (cJçKç) sôn (gold) (mJçvç) ò mòr (peacock) (cççíj) sònth (spring) (mççWLç) ó dór (hard) (oçôj) kónº (thorn) (kçÀçôb[) ú kúl (tree) (kçáÀuç) Kashmir News Network 9 http://iKashmir.net/mkraina/index.html How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari ? M.K.Raina búsar (very hot water) (yçámçj) ù mùl (root) (cçÓuç) sùr (ashes) (mçÓj) ü tür (cold) (lçój) düph (lamp) (oóHçÀ) Kashmir News Network 10 http://iKashmir.net/mkraina/index.html How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari ? M.K.Raina Exercise 2 Reading Words with å (Dç@) Dç@s åchh (eye) Dç@[ åº (half) Dç@çÆ[pç åºíj (bone) Dç@pççÇyç åjíb (strange) DçB]pç ånz (swan) kç@À]®ç kåts (how many) kç@ÀcççÇ]pç kåmíz (shirt) kç@ÀçÆlçpç kåtíj (swallow) kç@ÀçÆcçmç kåmís (whom) kç@ÀcççÇvçò kåmínû (mean) iç@æçÆsvç gåtshín (let go) iç@j går (watch) iç@jçÇyççÇ gåríbí (poverty) ]pçcççÇvç zåmín (land, earth) lç@cççÇ]pç tåmíz (manners) lç@jçÇkçÀò tåríkû (way) lç@n@j tåhår (yellow rice) o@]pç dåz (burnt) o@j dår (hard) Hç@æsd³ç påtshi (guests) Hç@çÆjvç pårîn (let read) yçbmç@jçÇ bansårí (flute) cç@s måchh (fly) cç@ojíj mådrèr (sugar) uç@j lår (house) mç@oòj sådûr (sea) Kashmir News Network 11 http://iKashmir.net/mkraina/index.html How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari ? M.K.Raina Exercise 3 Reading Words with ä (Dçç@) Dçç@yç äb (fault) Dçç@HçÀçÇvç äphîn (opium) kçÀç@v³çd käni (one-eyed) kçÀç@jçÇiçj kärîgar (skilled person) kçÀç@HçÀçÇ käphî (plenty) kçÀç@çÆlçuç kätíl (murderer) Kçç@uççÇ khälî (empty) içç@j gär (water chestnut) pçç@çÆnuç jähíl (ignorant) pçç@uççÇ jälî (fake) ìç@þ »ä»h (dear) [ç@u³çd ºäli (present) lçç@JççÇ]pç tävîz (amulet) oç@vç dän (pomegranate) oç@j där (window) Òçç@v³çd präni (old) yçç@çÆj³çç bäríyà (wife) yççBmç bäns (bamboo) cçç@pç mäj (mother) cçç@HçÀçÇ mäphî (pardon) cççBMç mänsh (buffalo) uçç@j lär (cucumber) Jçç@pç väj (ring) Jçç@³ç&áJç väryúv (in-laws’ place) nçBkçÀuç hänkal (chain, latch) Kashmir News Network 12 http://iKashmir.net/mkraina/index.html How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari ? M.K.Raina Exercise 4 Reading Words with û (Dçò) yçò bû I, me ]®çò tsû you kç@Àoòuç kådûl bridge kçÀuçò kalû head Kçòj khûr slip ìòKç »ûkh run oámçò dúsû a type of shawl Hçvçòv³çd panûni own cçòmçuçò mûslû problem JJçuçò vôlû come Jççjò Jççjò vàrû slowly lçmçòb]pç tasûnz his, her kçÀmçòb]pç kasûnz whose lçánòb]pç túhûnz your ³çuçò yalû loose Hççoò³ç& mçòn pàdûri sûh lion [çkçÀò Jççíuç ºàkû vòl post man Jçç]pçò vàzû cook vçuçkçÀò Jççíuç nalkû vòl plumber kçwJçkçÀòj kôkûr hen mçò]®ç sûts tailor êòkçÀ drûk leech Jçìò va»û stigma Dçìò a»û shoulder Jçboò vandû winter vçlçò natû otherwise Kashmir News Network 13 http://iKashmir.net/mkraina/index.html How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari ? M.K.Raina Exercise 5 Reading Words with ü (Dçó) kçÀól³çd küti how many? kçÀbóm³çd künsi young ones lçój tür cold jóHçÀ rüph form Kçócçò khümû tent oóHçÀ düph incense mçól³çd süti along with içóbiçþ günga»h veil ìóbkçw³çd »ünki money lçóbl³çd kçÀçôj tünti kór catgut KçóbKç khünkh one who speaks through nose HçóbçÆ]®çcç püntsím fifth DçóçÆþcç ü»hím eighth HçóçÆjLç püríth bedecked [ómç ºüs cudgel Kashmir News Network 14 http://iKashmir.net/mkraina/index.html How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari ? M.K.Raina Exercise 6 Reading Words with é (Sô) sô chhé is kçÀôbn kénh something lçôçÆuç télí then jôn réh flame yçôn béh sit down ³çôçÆuç yéli when içôçÆvç géní wrinkles MçôMçlçòj shéshtûr iron $çô³çácç tréyúm third Mçôl³çáuç shétyúl century DççMçôv³çd àshéni wife cçnçjôv³çd mahàréni bride vçô®çáJç néchúv son mçôkçw³çáuç sékyúl sandy Mçôiçòvçávç shégûnún to become scorned Hçô®çv³çd péchani paternal aunt Kashmir News Network 15 http://iKashmir.net/mkraina/index.html How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari ? M.K.Raina Exercise 7 Reading Words with ó (Dççô) v³ççôcç nyóm lemon oçôj dór hard Hççô]pç póz fact kçÀçôj kór did mççôcç sóm level yççôcçJççj bómvàr tuesday ]®ççôkçÀ tsók sour mççôvç són deep ìîççôþ »yó»h bitter u³ççôoáj lyódúr yellow Lççôm³çd thósi lumps nçônJçáj hóhvúr inlaws oçôyç dób washerman Hçw³ççôkçÀ phyók shoulder nçôì hó» throat DççôMç ósh tear ¿ççôj hyór up Hççôn póh Posha cççôoáj módúr sweet lççôcçáuç tómúl rice jçômç rós without kçÀçôjcçálç kórmút have done vççôcçò©vç nómûrún to bend cççônv³çáJç móhnyúv servant Hççô]pç póz fact Dççôyçáj óbúr clouds Kashmir News Network 16 http://iKashmir.net/mkraina/index.html How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari ? M.K.Raina Exercise 8 Practice in reading words Dç@çÆ[pç aºíj bone Dçç@[©vç äºrún to mix up Dççôiçávç ógún fire DçnbkçÀç@³ç& ahankäri conceited Dçç@çÆKçLç äkhíth untrue DçkçÀòlçç@pççÇn akûtäjîh fortyone Dçuçòiçç@yç alûgäb unknowingly Dççôbiçòpç óngûj finger DçBçÆ]pçcç ånzím index finger Dçv³çj anêr blindness DççMçôv³çd àshéni wife DçHçò]p³ççíj apûzyòr liar DçmçòJçávç asûvún laughing Dçç@çƳçpççj äyíjàr softness Dç@]p³çákçÀ åzyúk todays Dç]pççôuç azól not burnt Dçç@HçÀçÇvç äphîn opium Dç[ò oçôiç aºû dóg half pounded Dç@[îçáuç åºyúl large bone Dçç@[ ]pçç@[ äº zäº mutual abuse Dçç@çÆpç]pç äjíz helpless DçKçlçá³ç akhtúy moreover DçkçÀçíj akòr unboiled Dç@kçw³çácç åkyúm first Dçç@çÆuç®ç älích sour cherry Dçuçòyçç@v³çd alûbäni plough Dçvçònçôj anûhór unmarried Kashmir News Network 17 http://iKashmir.net/mkraina/index.html How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari ? M.K.Raina Exercise 9 Practice in reading words kçwJç yçáLç kô búth ugly faced kçÀç@çÆyçuç käbíl capable kçÀçí®çò kòchû lane kçÀçboòjôv³çd kàndûréni baker's wife kçÀçbiçòj kàngûr fire pot kçÓÀçÆuçbpç kùlínj acute colic kçÀcç®çò kamchû a whip kçÀçBHçÀ känph trembling Kçyçjoç@jçÇ khabardärî taking care KJççÆpç khôjí a Khoja KJçKçáj khôkhúr hollow Kçòb]pçávç khûnzún to pluck Kç@çÆjv³çd khåríni she-ass Kççí]®çò yçá[ khòtsû búº easily terrified Kçlçíjò khatèrû punishment KççƳç uço khayí lad rusty K³çá®ç khyúch obstruction K³ççícçálç khyòmút eaten KJçMç khôsh happy Kç@]pçój khåzür date i³ç@[ gyåº bunch iJç[òv³çákçÀ gôºûnyúk first iJçuççyç gôlàb rose içB]pç©vç gånzrún to count iççímçò gòsû anger iççBþ gän»h kite Kashmir News Network 18 http://iKashmir.net/mkraina/index.html How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari ? M.K.Raina Exercise 10 Practice in reading words çÆ®ç®çjònçj³ç chíchrûhàray scream ®Jçiçò chôgû gown ®ç@kçw³çd chåki desire ®çç@u³çd chåli excitemen ®çç³ç&j charêr idiocity ®³çLç chêth drunk ®ççjòJççí³ç charûvòy quadruped ®ççWì chòn» chin ®çôçÆìv³çd ché»íni chutnee sçbiçòj chhàngûr hurry sdJçKç chôkh wound sdJçcyçávç chhômbún threshing sv³çj chhanêr emptiness sjçn chharàh only çÆs³ç&áJç chhíryúv a kind of fish s@lçò³ç& chhatûri umbrella sçbìávç chhàn»ún to pick s@]®ç©vç chhåtsrún to whiten pçÓi³çd jùgi ascetic pçôpççÇj jéjîr hookah pçç@u³çd jäli network pççôcç jóm Jammu pçÓu³çd jùli a bag pçç@vççÇ jänî goodness pçÓbHçÀòj jùnphûr a hut pçÓ³ç& jùri pair pçJçç@vççÇ javänî youth Kashmir News Network 19 http://iKashmir.net/mkraina/index.html How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari ? M.K.Raina Exercise 11 Practice in reading words ìç@®ç »äch a kind of cap ìá[îç »úºi rumour ìô®çuç »échal spotted ìWiç »èng hillock ìçWiçò »òngû tumour ìÓbiç »ùng a sob ìîçKç »êkh a mere drop çÆìkçw³çáuç »íkyúl tethering peg ìdJçbiçáj »ôngúr hand-hoe ìWþ »èn»h self-conceit þ@çÆiçuç »hågíl cheating þ@njçJç »håhràv pause þçÇkçáÀvç »hîkún stand firmly çÆþkçÀçvçò »híkànû abode þíuçò »hèlû large bag þb[ç@³ç »hanºäy cooling drink þç@v³çd »häni a trap þçRþ »hîn»h all property [dJç[ ºôº one & a half [á[ò ºúºû uninvited [çbiç ºàng a mace [ç@çÆiçv³çd ºägíni a witch [çbiçáj ºàngúr grain seller [ôpçj ºéjar looseness [dJçkçÀò ºôkû hump-backed çÆ[cyçáj ºímbúr the belley Kashmir News Network 20 http://iKashmir.net/mkraina/index.html How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari ? M.K.Raina Exercise 12 Practice in reading words lççy³çd täbi dependent lçyçòj tabûr axe çÆlçnáj tíhúr apex çÆlçkçw³çççÆ]pç tíkyàzí because lçôçÆuç télí then lçôn téh arrogance lçánábo túhúnd yours lJçuçò®ç tôlûch defeat l³çcyçj têmbar cataract Lçç@p³çd thäji dish L³çkçáÀvç thêkún to boast Lç@v³çd thåni butter LççHçòj thàpûr slap LJççÆmçuço thôsílad wearied Lçuçávç thalún to trim LJçkçÀuç thôkal spitter Lçjò tharû trembling oáyçò dúbû upside down oçôyç dób washerman o@yç©vç dåbrún to bury oá-yççôj dú-bór two-doored Üiçvç dôgan twofold vçô®çáJç néchúv son vçJçjôn navréh new year vçç@çƳço näyíd barber v³çvç&³ç nêrnay decision vçmlçÓj nastùr flat nosed vçç@çÆjpç näríj conduit Kashmir News Network 21 http://iKashmir.net/mkraina/index.html How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari ? M.K.Raina Exercise 13 Practice in reading words Hç@çÆsvç påchhín fowl Hçç©o pàrúd mercury Hçí[ávç pèºún to ooze Hçnçôuç pahól shepherd HçKçò®ç pakhûch a wing HJçuçáj pôlúr infirm Hçcyçás pambúchh lotus nut HçÀçBiçjò phàngrû penniless Hç@Ànçôj phåhór rough HçwJçp³çj phôjêr blossoming Hç@ÀkçÀçÇjçÇ phåkîrî beggary Hçw³çuç phêl boil HçÀçÇvçò phînû froth yççôs bòchh hungry yççbyçòj bànbûr flurry yçô[yç bè ºab ill shaped yççíoòiççÇ bòdûgî stupidity yçç@iç©vç bägrún to divide yç@¿çácç båhyúm twelfth çÆyçKçç@³ç& bíkhäri beggar y³çkçÀçíj bêkòr ugly cç@çÆ®çuç måchíl poverty cçá[ò múºû foolish cççb[ávç mànºún to knead cçôncççvçoç@jçÇ méhmàndärî hospitality cçç@pç mäj mother cJçKççmç môkhàs by rote cçákçÀç@u³çd múkäli a blow Kashmir News Network 22 http://iKashmir.net/mkraina/index.html How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari ? M.K.Raina Exercise 14 Practice in reading words ³ççôoJç³ç yódvay although ³Jçiç yôg age of world ³ççÇçÆkçÀuç yîkíl cross beam ³çbiçáj yangúr charcoal burner ³ççv³çd yàni as soon as ³çôçÆuç yéli when ³çHççíj yapòr this side ³ç@]pçcçvç yåzman priest’s client jç@s råchh watch jçb[ò rànºû rascal jçpçáLç ràjúth king-hood jçK³çámç ràkhyús demon çÆjçÆkçÀv³çd ríkíni slip juçò ralû mixed jóHçÀ rüph form uçyçáj labúr high ground uçç®çç@jçÇ làchärî helplessness uççovç làdan kindly help uçôojíj lédrèr yellowness uç[ç@³ç laºäy quarrel u³çKç lêkh indecent abuse J³çyçÓLç vêbùth riches J³çsj vêchhar fatness JJçoáj vôdúr belley Jç@oòj vådûr iron clamp J³çiçuçávç vêglún to melt Kashmir News Network 23 http://iKashmir.net/mkraina/index.html How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari ? M.K.Raina Exercise 15 Practice in reading words Mççíiçò shògû green pigeon Mçôiçvç shégan six fold Mçá¿ç uço shúhi lad frost bitten MçWKç shènkh conch shell çÆMçkçÀç@³ç& shíkäri hunter Mçôs shéchh message MçÓyç shùb splendour éçyç shôb auspiciousness çÆMçvçç@³ç shínäy destruction mççb®çò sànchû mould mçoçn sadàh sound mççoKç sàdakh magician mçç@êJççj sädrûvàr fresh mç@iç©vç sågrún to sprinkle mJçiçò sôgû cheap mçKçj sakhar set forth mJçkçÀçíuç sôkòl good time mJç-kçÀþ sô-ka»h good son mçç@uççyç sälàb floods mççôbyçòjçJçávç sônbûràvún to collect çÆnmçò hísû part njòv³çd harûni female deer nçÆjMçáLç haríshúth joyfulness nmçKç hasakh rivalry nçôì hó» throat n@lçòj håtûr white leprosy Kashmir News Network 24 http://iKashmir.net/mkraina/index.html How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari ? M.K.Raina Exercise 16 Practice in reading sentences (Courtesy: Project Zaan) ]®çò kçw³çççÆ]pç sáKç þçn þçn kç@ÀçÆjLç Dçmççvç? tsû kyàzí chhúkh »háh »háh kåríth asàn oHççvç jìòvçmç içæçÆs yççvçò Dççmçávç~ dapàn ra»ûnas gatshí bànû àsún DçLç cçb]pç sávçò kçÀçbn MçKç çÆ]pç ]®çò sáKç m³çþçn lçí]pç~ ath manz chhúnû kành shakh zí tsû chhúkh sê»hàh tèz çƳçcçvç iç@jçÇyçvç sávçç çÆ]pçboò jçí]pçvçákçÀ nKç? yíman gårîban chhúnà zíndû ròznúk hakh ? HçvçòçÆvçmç cçç@çÆuçmç cçççÆpç nòb]pç içæçÆs Kç@ocçLç kçÀjòv³çd~ panûnís mälís màjí hûnz gatshí khådmath karûni yççmççvç sácç çÆ]pç ]®çô sá³ç vçò ³ççí©kçÀ J³çHççvç~ bàsàn chhúm zí tsé chhúy nû yòrúk vêpàn JçççÆj³ççn kçÀçuç iççícç ]®çô Òççjçvç~ vàríyàh kàl gòm tsé pràràn JJçuçò Dç]pç kçÀjJç Òçç@v³çd Hçç@þîç kçÀLçç yççLçç~ vólû az karav präni pä»hi kathà bàthà oHççvç jç]pçò içJç çƳç yçÓçÆ]pçLç m³çþçn KJçMç~ dapàn ràzû gav yí bùzíth sê»hàh häràn Jççlççvç Jççlççvç Jçç@l³çd çÆlçcç Dç@çÆkçÀmç vççiçmç H³çþ lçò DççÆlç ÐçálçáKç LçKç~ Kashmir News Network 25 http://iKashmir.net/mkraina/index.html How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari ? M.K.Raina vàtàn vàtàn väti tím åkís nàgas pê»h tû atí dyútúkh thakh KJçpçvç kçÀçôj cççônçÆvççÆJçmç DççuçJç lçò ]®çÓjmç kçÀjòvçç@Jçòvç uççj~ khôjan kór móhnívís àlav tû tsùras karûnävûn làr Kashmir News Network 26 http://iKashmir.net/mkraina/index.html How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari ? M.K.Raina Exercise 17 Practice in reading sentences (Courtesy: Project Zaan) ]®çò kçw³çççÆ]pç sáKç þçn þçn kç@ÀçÆjLç Dçmççvç? tsû kyàzí chhúkh »háh »háh kåríth asàn oHççvç jìòvçmç içæçÆs yççvçò Dççmçávç~ dapàn ra»ûnas gatshí bànû àsún DçLç cçb]pç sávçò kçÀçbn MçKç çÆ]pç ]®çò sáKç m³çþçn lçí]pç~ ath manz chhúnû kành shakh zí tsû chhúkh sê»hàh tèz çƳçcçvç iç@jçÇyçvç sávçç çÆ]pçboò jçí]pçvçákçÀ nKç? yíman gårîban chhúnà zíndû ròznúk hakh ? HçvçòçÆvçmç cçç@çÆuçmç cçççÆpç nòb]pç içæçÆs Kç@ocçLç kçÀjòv³çd~ panûnís mälís màjí hûnz gatshí khådmath karûni yççmççvç sácç çÆ]pç ]®çô sá³ç vçò ³ççí©kçÀ J³çHççvç~ bàsàn chhúm zí tsé chhúy nû yòrúk vêpàn JçççÆj³ççn kçÀçuç iççícç ]®çô Òççjçvç~ vàríyàh kàl gòm tsé pràràn JJçuçò Dç]pç kçÀjJç Òçç@v³çd Hçç@þîç kçÀLçç yççLçç~ vólû az karav präni pä»hi kathà bàthà oHççvç jç]pçò içJç çƳç yçÓçÆ]pçLç m³çþçn KJçMç~ dapàn ràzû gav yí bùzíth sê»hàh häràn Kashmir News Network 27 http://iKashmir.net/mkraina/index.html How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari ? M.K.Raina Jççlççvç Jççlççvç Jçç@l³çd çÆlçcç Dç@çÆkçÀmç vççiçmç H³çþ lçò DççÆlç ÐçálçáKç LçKç~ vàtàn vàtàn väti tím åkís nàgas pê»h tû atí dyútúkh thakh KJçpçvç kçÀçôj cççônçÆvççÆJçmç DççuçJç lçò ]®çÓjmç kçÀjòvçç@Jçòvç uççj~ khôjan kór móhnívís àlav tû tsùras karûnävûn làr Kashmir News Network 28 http://iKashmir.net/mkraina/index.html How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari ? M.K.Raina Exercise 18 Practice in reading sentences - 2 (Courtesy: Project Zaan) çƳç sá kçÀçuçò Hçiççn mçç@uçmç içæsçvç~ yí chhú kàlû pagàh sälas gatshàn. Dç@çÆcçmç DçççÆmç pççvç içá]pççjò lçò lçJç³ç smç oççƳç yçíçÆ$ç~ åmís àsí jàn gúzàrû tû tavay chhas dàyí bètrí. kçÀç@Mçáj çÆs mçç@v³çd cçççÆpç ]p³çJç~ DççÆmç HççÆ]pç Hçvçòv³çvç Mçá³ç&vç mçól³çd Dç@L³çd ]pçyçç@v³çd cçb]pç kçÀLç kçÀjòv³çd~ käshúr chhí säni màjí zêv. así pazí panûnên shúrên süti åthi zabäni manz kath karûni. m³çþçn kçÀçuç iççícç mççW®ççvç çÆ]pç yçò uçíKçò nç@ Hçvçòv³çvç jmcçvç lçò ³ç&Jççpçvç H³çþ DçKç çÆkçÀlççyç~ sê»hàh kàl gòm sònchàn zí bû lèkhû hä panûnên rasman tû rêvàjan pê»h akh kítàb. Ðççj Dççmçvçò mçólççÇ içJç vçò kçÀçbn yççô[ cççônv³çáJç~ çÆouç içæçÆs yççô[ Dççmçávç~ dyàr àsnû sütî gav nû kành bóº móhnyúv. díl gatshí bóº àsún. ³çLç oáçÆvç³çnmç cçb]pç yççÆvç ÒçLç kçÀçbn ®ççÇ]pç cçiçj cçç@pç kçÀçÆlç yççÆvç? yath dûníyahas manz baní prath kành chîz magar mäj katí baní. mçá JçKlç sácç ³çço H³çJççvç ³çôçÆuç mçç@çÆvçmç çÆmçbiççÆuç HçMçmç DçKç DçKç iç]pç ]pçíçÆs çÆMçMçj iççBìò Dççmçò uçiççvç~ sû vakhût chhúm yàd pêvàn yélí sänís sínglí pashas akh akh gaz zèchhí shíshar gän»û àsû lagàn. çÆ]pçþîçvç ³ç]pçLç kçÀ©vç sá uJçkçÀìîçvç nábo HçÀ]pç&~ zí»hên yazath karún chhû lôk»ên húnd pharz. Hççb[òJçvç nòbçÆo JçKlçò çÆlç sá kç@ÀMççÇçÆj çÆnvoámlççvçmç mçól³çd mçcyçbo Dççímçcçálç pànºûvan hûndí vakhtû tí chhû kåshîrí hídústànas süti samband òsmût. çÆ]pçþîçvç nòb]pç Dçç@nçÇ çÆs ÒçLç mççlçò yçkçÀçj çƳçJççvç~ çÆlçnòb]pç içæçÆs HççÆ]pç cçvçò mççÇJçç kçÀjòv³çd~ zí»hên hûnz ähî chhí prath sàtû bakàr yívàn. tíhûnz gatshí pazí manû sîvà karûni. kç@ÀMççÇçÆj çÆs ÒçLç Dçç@þcç lçò Kççmç kç@ÀçÆjLç ]pçíþò Dçç@þcç Ün lçáuçcçáçÆuç çÆoJç³ç uçiççvç~ kåshîrí chhí prath ä»ham tû khàs kåríth zè»hû ä»ham dôh túlmúlí dívay lagàn. Kashmir News Network 29 http://iKashmir.net/mkraina/index.html How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari ? M.K.Raina Exercise 19 Practice in reading sentences - 3 (Courtesy: Project Zaan) lççÆlç Dçç@mç m³çþçn yççÇjò, lçJç³ç DçççƳç Dç@m³çd JççHçmç~ tatí äs sê»hàh bîrû, tavay àyí åsi vàpas. yçjmççlçmç cçb]pç sá ³çôçÆlç m³çþçn ªo H³çJççvç~ barsàtas manz chhú yétí sê»hàh rùd pêvàn. Hçjyçlçmç DçBÐç DçBÐç çÆs kçÀv³çvç nòb]pç DçKç Lç@]pç kçÀuçç³ç~ parbatas åndi åndi chhí kanên hûnz akh thåz kalày. lçLç kçáÀçÆþmç Dçç@mç DçkçÀç@³ç oç@j, DçcççÇ Dççímç lççÆlç iççMç kçÀcç~ tath kú»hís äs akäy där, amî òs tatí gàsh kam. yççíçÆvç kçáÀçÆuçmç çÆs yç@[îç Hçvçò Jç@Lçòj Dççmççvç~ bòní kúlís chhí båºi panû våthûr àsàn. jçlçò cJçiçáuç sá cçvçnÓmç pççvççJççj çƳçJççvç cççvçòvçò~ ràtû môgúl chhú manhùs jànàvàr yívàn manûnû. mçç@çÆvçmç Dççbiçòvçmç cçb]pç çÆs ]®ççíj ÖçÀmç kçáÀu³çd lçò ]pçò lçáuçò kçáÀu³çd~ sänís àngûnas manz chhí tsòr phras kúli tû zû túlû kúli. çƳç iç@j çÆs c³çç@v³çd cçç@u³çd vçôyçjò H³çþò Dç@çÆvçcçò]®ç~ yí går chhí myäni mäli nébrû pê»hû ånímûts. yççuçò LçBçÆiçmç H³çþ Dççímç pçb[ò uçç@çÆiçLç~ lççôlç Jçç@çÆlçLçò³ç Ðçálç DççÆmç LçKç~ bàlû thångís pê»h òs janºû lägíth. tót vätíthûy dyút así thakh. içáuçcççÆiç& Dççímç MççÇvçmç H³çþ Kçòj $ççJçòvçmç yç[ò cç]pçò çƳçJççvç~ gúlmargí òs shînas pê»h khûr tràvûnas baºû mazû yívàn. mççWLç çƳçJççvçò³ç sá kçáÀu³çvç vççôJç Hçvç vçíjçvç~ sònth yívànûy chhú kúlên nóv pan nèràn. Kashmir News Network 30 http://iKashmir.net/mkraina/index.html How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari ? M.K.Raina ------kçÀç@Mçáj çÆkçÀLçò Hçç@þîç HçjJç lçò uçíKçJç? How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari? By M.K.Raina Updated January 2006 ------ Kashmir News Network 31 http://iKashmir.net/mkraina/index.html