Cataloging Rolicy & Support Office Library of Congress Washington
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Cataloging Rolicy & Support Office Library of Congress Washington, DC 20540-4305 Additional reasons for instituting CULTURE WARS as a stand:- alone subject heading. 4400 Morningside Edina, mN 55416 Book the s. Lords of Misrule 1928n Homer Ferguson, a former presi- Much better a government unworthy of that The Wrecking Crew dent of the Chamber of Commerce, took trust. "The best public servant," he con- How Conservatives Rule. to the pages of the Nation's Business to cluded, "is the worst one." By Thomas Frank. complain about the federal government. In The Wrecking Crew, Thomas Frank IMetropolitan. 369 pp. $25. The problems he addressed were not the argues that the spirit of Homer Ferguson usualIbugbears of red tape, inefficiency ana is alive and well in the Republican Party. It involving military contracting and regula- waste. Rather, Ferguson argued that gov- was resurrected in the 1980s, when Presi- tory snafus in matters ranging from food ernment sometimes worked too well. "A dent Reagan appointed an Environmental safety to financial markets. thoroughly first-rate man in public service Protection Agency administrator who op- Frank argues that the public failures of is corrosive," he said. "He eats holes in our posed most environmental regulation and the Bush administration are the very es- liberties." Even worse was an "enthusiast," eviscerated the agency's enforcement divi- sence of conservative government-the pre- that "bright-eyed madman who is frantic sion. It lives on in the hapless cronies and dictable outcome of the anti-Washington, to make this the finest government in the inexperienced ideologues the Bush ad- free-market ideology that has triumphed world." Ferguson was candid about his ministration has elevated to positions of within the Republican Party and in national animus toward good government. He was a authority, of whom Michael Brown and politics over the past three decades. Con- military contractor, building warships for the Monica Goodling are only the most famous servatives won elections by arguing that Navy, and he feared that bright and tal- examples. And its presence explains, at least government is an oversized and unaccount- ented public officialsmight figure out how to in part, according to Frank, the triumphs of able drag on the economy; they proceeded build boats faster and cheaper than he could. misgovernment to which Americans have to starve agencies of funds and. replace been subjected during the past eight years: public-sector employees with private, for- Jefferson Decker is a Samuel 1. Golieb Fellow the incompetent response to Hurricane profit contractors. The result is a demoral- in Legal History at New York University School Katrina, the failure to plan for the after- ized, hollowed-out state that does not work of Law. math of the Iraq invasion, various scandals very well, except to redistribute weal th from taxpayers to corporate lobbyists and inter- big money can be made from securing meant to serve as a defensive perimeter. ,est groups. "Fantastic misgovernment of the government appropriations, Congressional Battlements are very much in vogue; one kind we have seen is not an accident, nor is campaigns require ever larger war chests, house I sawhad matching his 'n' hers turrets it the work of a few bad individuals," Frank and when legislators rely on lobbyists to on either end." writes. "It is the consequence of triumph write legislation, new industries and inter- According to Frank, these developments by a particular philosophy of government, est groups emerge to cash in. have been made possible by the ideological by a movement that understands the lib- Frank catalogs a range of behaviors, once triumph during the past thirty years of "the eral state as a perversion and considers the beyond the pale, that have become common- market" asameans of organizing societyover market the ideal nexus of human society." place in Washington. Companies in the con- its primary competitors-namely tradition, A journalist and cultural critic with a gift tracting'business pay enormous bonuses to organized labor and the state. Believing that for polemical writing, Frank peppers his their employees when they leave for gov- markets are alwaysmore efficient and fairer account of the evolution of antigovernment ernment jobs; in essence keeping staff on . than government, conservatives pushed to governance over the past three decades with retainer even as they formally serve the deregulate the economy and reduce the size observations about life in Washington, from American people. Lobbyists advertise their of the state. When that was not possible, the the sartorial tastes of its lobbyists ("these record securing "earmarked" appropria- right pushed for the next best thing, as they days... orange or lavender" neckties) to the tions-which legislators insert into spend- saw it: handing government over to business absence of mall rats at the underground ing bills with little oversight or independent and letting it regulate itself.This is hardly the assessment of need- same thing. Privatization still requires that on behalf of specific some government officialdole out contracts; Culture warriors on the campaign clients. A prominent business often wants protection or subsidies politician encourages from government, not a cOIp.petitivemarket- ' trail, conservatives follo\"I the Americansto "invest in place. It is, rather, what political scientists~" politics" as they might would call the "capture" of a liberal state by money when they reach office. in stocks or bonds. A corporations and their representatives. Help- universitY president fully, though, faith in the market could jus- shopping center in Arlington's Crystal City whips out a calculator in front of ajournal- tifythis process aswell, sinceit presumed that ("just army officers in camo and executives ist to figure out the "return on investment" the private sector, battle-tested by competi- in suits"). Such entertaining reportage does that his institution received from playing tive markets, would alwaysbe lean, efficient not quite conceal a scattershot approach to the earmark game. In one relatively modest and competent compared with government, history, an irritating prosecutorial tone and deal, lobbyists charged the University of and becauseit elevated risk-taking, entrepre- acartoon portrait ofAmerican conservatism. Alabama $1.5 million for making $123,500 neurial businessmen over those petty, grasp- Still, The Wrecking Crew is a useful introduc- in contributions to Senator Richard Shelby, ing bureaucrats. (The idea that the private tion to a world of pricey lobbyists, crackpot who in turn earmarked $150 millionJor the sector might want to enrich itself at public theorists, bought legislators and hapless university duririg the appropriations process. expensewas conveniently forgotten.) government. And, in part through these The university multiplied its investment As the market triumphed, the idea of very caricatures, the book gets at some es- 100 times over, while the lobbyists earned a competent government or disinterested sential questions about politics and markets 1,100 percent return. Everyone won, ex- judgment waned. And so, Washington em- in a democratic society. cept the taxpayers footing the bill. braces the revolving door between military Marketized government can be ob- contractors and government procurement t its heart, The Wrecking Crew is served in the raw at restaurants like Charlie officesasa positive,since business experience about two long-term developments Palmer Steak, across the street from Con- trumps independence. And anyway, notes in American government. The first stitution Avenue's premier lobbyist hive. Washington Post columnist Steven Pearlstein, is the rise of entrepreneurial poli- The menu features miniature lobster corn every major contractor takes part in the re- tics-of people figuring out how to dogs-"a nod to the deep-fried treats ofyour volving door, so nobody should get an un- Amake big money from the basic stuff of red-state youth," Frank writes-the decor fair advantage. The Post has also celebrated American civic life.' The second is what an "ostentatious glass 'wine cube' perched the lobbying fortunes that have accumu- Frank calls the "marketization" of govern- on a platform over an indoor pond, like a lated in metro Washington as an example of ment. This includes the privatization of Richard Neutra building in captivity." local enterprise-not the organized bilking government functions by for-profit con- Frank marvels that with such transparency, of taxpayers. Libertarian pun.dit Doug Ban- tractors, from the Blackwater guards doing a "dedicated, score-keeping fan of lobby- dow defends himself for receiving payoffs the jobs of soldiers in Iraq to the faith-based ing, if such a thing exists, could actually from disgraced lobbyist Jack Abramoff in charities that were recently supposed to determine which particular vintage was exchange for puffing 'Abramoff's clients in supplant the welfare state. But for Frank, it being uncorked to advance which particu- print. "The number of folks underwriting also includes the broader economy oflobby- lar political cause." The rewards of the the pursuit of pure knowledge can be count- ing, influence peddling, fundraising and fine system are on display in Loudoun County, ed on one hand, if not one finger," he scoffs. dining in which public policy gets made. in northern Virginia, where lobbyists have Of course, the triumph of the market also As Frank argues, these two developments been