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Glocalizing Catholicism Through Musical Performance: Kampala Archdiocesan Post-Primary Schools Music Festivals Nicholas Ssempijja Dissertation for the degree philosophiae doctor (Ph.D.) at the University of Bergen 2011 ii Acknowledgements A dissertation of this nature does not easily come about unless there are people ready to sacrifice and devote their time, resources and intellectual abilities to make it happen. For this reason I am greatly indebted to a number of people who have significantly contributed to the shaping and final realization of this dissertation. Though the list is so long that I cannot exhaust it, I will try to summarize it below in the various categories. My sincerest gratitude goes to my main advisor and dissertation supervisor Assoc. Prof. Thomas James Solomon. I thank him for supporting me academically up to the very end. I cannot forget his very critical comments and insights that have shaped my thinking and view points. His very pragmatic approach and attention to detail has made me a better scholar, writer, and thinker. In the same way, I thank Prof. Paul Berliner who contributed greatly especially in laying a foundation for my doctoral project. I thank Assoc. Prof. Sigbjørn Apeland who has not only been a friend but also a great support academically. I also appreciate all my earlier professors at the Grieg Academy including Annemette Kirkegaard and Erik Steinskog of the University of Copenhagen. I cannot forget my conducting teacher and great friend Prof. Emeritus Magnar Mangersnes. Thanks for your love, kindness, willingness and devotion in nurturing my conducting skills. In a very special way, I wish to recognize the tremendous work done by my language tutor Kjellfrid Reite. I thank you for the incredible work of editing you have done for me and also encouraging me. I thank my friend Assoc. Prof. Stig Werno Holter for sharing a lot with me throughout the time at John Lunds Plass. My dear colleagues and friends at the Arne Bjørndals Samling, Ingrid Gjertsen and Solgunn Flaktveit, I will always miss your kindness and care for my welfare and health. My Ph.D. colleagues Anna Murstad and Tunca Arican, thanks for the sharing and support. I cannot forget all the staff at the Grieg Academy who have always sorted me out wherever it was necessary. Particularly, I iii thank the head of department, Frode Thorsen, head administrator, Kjerstin Tønseth and also Inger Norunn Geitanger. Whereas this study on the surface is accredited to only one individual, ‘the scholar’, there are other people and friends who have contributed to the success of my doctoral studies at the University of Bergen, Norway. Firstly I thank my dear colleagues with whom we began the struggle. Among these were Anita, Pamela, Stella, Dominic, Joel, Hanna, Jon Inge, and David. Thank you for being there for me wherever I called upon you. In the same way, I recognize the support of my dear colleagues at Fantoft especially my cartographer and IT consultant Isaac Bisaso, and all members of the Ugandan community. I would like to thank The Norwegian Programme for Development, Research and Education (NUFU- Styret for Universitets- og høyskolerådets program for utviklingsrelatert forskning og utdanning), granting me a scholarship that enabled me to pursue my doctoral studies at the University of Bergen. Particularly, I want to thank the administrators of these projects in Norway and Uganda for a job well done. Great appreciations go to Kathryn Bousman the overall administrator of these projects for her devotion towards the success of my studies. I thank Bjørn Einar Halvorsen at the Grieg Academy for your constant assistance both administratively and in academics- related issues. In the same way, I thank Mr. Matia Kabuye, the project administrator in Uganda, and Frank Katusiime the accountant, for all their contributions towards the realization of my studies. I cannot hesitate to thank the head of the International Office at Makerere University Martha Muwanguzi Ngobi for the support she has given to the project and the students. In a special way, I want to thank my teacher, mentor and colleague Assoc. Prof. Sylvia Nannyonga-Tamusuza who has also been the coordinator of the Ethnomusicology in Uganda projects. Thank you for grooming me and ensuring that I study up to this level. I appreciate all the tireless effort you have put in to see the projects not only successful but also bearing fruits. I thank the head of Department Dr. Patrick Mangeni for supporting me wherever I came to your office. In the same iv way, I recognize the contributions of Prof. Justinian Tamusuza, my teacher, colleague, and friend. I cannot hesitate to thank all my dear colleagues at the Department of Performing Arts and Film, Makerere University for your support especially during my fieldwork. I want to thank Mrs. Judith Lubega-Tusiime for offering to me your office key and some space so that I could do my research during the time I spent in Uganda conducting fieldwork. I thank Stephen Kasamba and Hamiida Namugga for your encouragement. I also thank Michael Mubiru, for always being there for me. My colleagues in the music section, Jackson, Anita, Dr. Maria Kim, Lawrence, and Dr. Kigozi, I appreciate your support. I thank my colleague and longtime classmate Charles Lwanga for the cooperation and sharing of ideas as we used to do while still in Bergen. I also recognize other scholars and colleagues involved in this project for your advice and support. Dr. Mercy Mirembe Ntangaare, Dr. Jessica Kaahwa, Dr. Wotsuna Khamalwa, Dr. Susan Kiguli, and Assoc. Prof. Abasi Kiyimba, thank you for a job well done. I want to extend my appreciations to my dear colleagues and ‘collaborators’ in the field. I thank all my informants, and in a very special way, all members of the Kampala Archdiocesan Music Committee (KAMUCO) for their cooperation and support towards this research. In a special way, I recognize Mr. Albert Kiragga, the secretary for always being there for me whether during fieldwork or not. I cannot forget all the time you devoted to look for those documents that I required for my study. In the same way I thank Mr. Francis Tebasoboke, Fr. Dr. Edward Ssonko and Bishop Christopher Kakooza for all their assistance towards my success. I also thank all the mentioned music directors, trainers, students and musicians who contributed in some way to this project. Great appreciation is extended to my former teacher and music mentor Rev. Fr. Dr. Joseph Nnamukangula of Bukalasa Seminary for always being my teacher throughout my studies. Besides introducing me to and and teaching me various aspects of music, you have always been an inspiration to me. Thank you. My life in Bergen was partially successful due to the support of friends. Among these I want to mention the Sætre family at Bønes who have been very dear to me. In v particular I thank Steinar Sætre, who has been a friend, colleague, consultant, elder and someone who ensured that my life was fine. I want to thank Jorunn, Odin, Jarrand, and Yrja for your friendship, hospitality, and love for me. I also want to thank Astri, Anders, Pål and John Gjelder from Arna who have always welcomed me as one of their family. Thank you for your kindness and love for me. All my friends at the Bergen Oratoriokor and Fjellkoret, I thank you so much for the wonderful time we had in the choir. I want to extend appreciation to my parents Mr. and Mrs. Maurice Byuma, who have endlessly encouraged and supported me in my studies. Thank you for your love and being wonderful parents to me. I recognize all the moral support given to me by my uncle Aloysius Kaweesi and his family during the time I moved to Bergen. You did a wonderful job. I thank all my brothers and sisters for your support during this time of my studies. In a special way I thank my brother Fr. Gerald Francis Musuubire, and sisters Dr. Josephine Namaganda and Noeline Nannyondo for constantly encouraging me and supporting me wherever I called on them. Surely my success is always your success. Thanks for being wonderful siblings. My greatest thanks are reserved for my best half Carole. You have always been by my side throughout this struggle and I cannot dare mention your role lest I miss out on a lot. Thanks for enduring this period and keeping your trust in me. It has been a rather long period but you managed to keep your head up high. Above all, thank you for loving me. It is because of this love and care that I have managed to reach the end. Finally, I want to thank the almighty God, who gave me the gift of life and has seen me succeed throughout my studies. May glory, laud and honor be unto You. vi Abstract This study examines the extent to which musical performances in the Kampala Archdiocesan Post Primary Schools Music Festivals serve both global and local interests of the Catholic Church. Considering music making as essential to the liturgical ritual process, I examine to what extent this entails global as well as local characteristics that enable it to achieve its purpose. I establish the level of influence that the Vatican has over the local church musical practices particularly in Kampala Archdiocese. From an ethnomusicological perspective, I draw on a number of multi- disciplinary theoretical concepts to explain the place of the Vatican in this competitive music festival and also to analyze how the local church serves the Vatican (the global church). Glocalization, a concept that embeds the complex relationships between the local and the global, particularly adressing the hybrid cultural expressions resulting from these interactions, has been used to address my study’s concerns.

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