Left at the Station A Civil Rights Perspective on Transit Justice in the Front Range January 2014 1 Index [5] Methodology [7] Key Findings [18] The 16L [20] Community Focus: Westwood [23] Recommendations In April of 2013, the W Line of light rail was opened. This West Corridor expansion is a part of the FasTracks transit build out that is expanding light rail across the Front Range. The W Line runs from Downtown Denver through West Denver, Lakewood, and Golden and ends at the Federal Center. 2 Introduction 9to5 Colorado has been working with residents along the West Corridor through surveys, canvassing, community meetings, petition drives, and organizing campaigns in an effort to prioritize community needs and advocate for a just transit system with equally shared benefits. This report is based on the findings from our work in 2013. 9to5 Colorado began this work to ensure that the wants, needs, and concerns of low-income communities and communities of color were heard throughout the process. Despite the fact that much of the newly opened W Line runs through their communities, many residents reported that 9to5 was the first organization or agency to speak with them about the transit build out. In the months we spent with community members, significant equity issues surfaced. Cost, safety, and service cuts to bus routes were some of the most common concerns. When community members tried to voice concerns, they experienced difficulty accessing RTD and city officials. Community members shared 9to5’s belief that an accessible and equitable transit system can provide opportunities to reach employment, education, services, and recreation. We also shared an understanding that growth and development can come at a great cost for low- income families by way of increased safety concerns, disruption to the community, and gentrification. In the next year, 9to5 will be leading exciting organizing efforts to bring some of our recommendations into reality. We believe that a system funded through public dollars should be beneficial to all residents regardless of their economic status, and we are committed to bringing that concept into reality. Thank you for taking the time to read this report, and please consider getting involved in our efforts to ensure that public transportation is an accessible asset for all. .. Zoë Williams, Transit Organizer 3 When asked to think of Civil Rights and public transportation, many people will draw images of December 1, 1955, when Rosa Parks boldly participated in an act of civil disobedience protesting segregation on city buses, or the widespread bus boycotts that fol- lowed. Some may picture the dedicated protests of the 1970s and 1980s that took place in Denver to ensure riders with disabilities were able to access public transit. These crucial struggles lend context to the history of transit. They demonstrate how peo- ple directly impacted by disparities organized and worked to create the transit system that we have today. However, this concept of Civil Rights in tran- sit cannot be solely historical; it must be an ongoing examination of how transit is built, who it is benefit- ting from the system, and who is being excluded. In Colorado, our public transportation system with RTD is expanding dramatically through the FasTracks program. Billions of dollars are being invested into building 122 miles of new commuter and light rail, and 18 miles of bus rapid transit, not to mention the station area redevelopments that will follow. This massive transit project has the potential to be a key connector between low- income communities and communities of color to the jobs, schools, medical care, and services from which they have been previously isolated. It can also relieve some of the environmental impacts of driving, which are shown to disproportionately im- pact low-income communities and communities of color. However, if planners are not careful, transit expansion can also have a high cost on marginalized communi- ties. Many of the light rail projects cut through low-income neighborhoods, and sta- tion redevelopments could result in displacement. FasTracks is being partly funded by a sales tax, which means that low-income families pay a higher percentage of their income for transit expansion, even though they may not be able to afford the passes allowing them to utilize the system. This is why a Civil Rights lens must be incorporated into transit expansion. Without it, the riders that rely on public transit the most—low-income community members, people of color, families, people with disabilities—will be excluded. Additionally, it is how we ensure that the vision for expanding transit opportunities for marginal- ized communities comes from the communities themselves. 4 Methodology The following data was collected in an intensive survey and canvass of neighbor- hoods located along the W Line. We collected 315 surveys from the Knox, Perry, Lamar, and Wadsworth Station Areas, and 221 from the Westwood neighborhood. We also engaged nearly 400 residents in conversations. Additionally, we performed follow up phone calls and held two community meetings in order to have in-depth conversations about community concerns. 5 With regard to gender, 66% of survey respondents identified as women, and 33% identified as men. A majority of them (58.1%) reported an annual household income under $20,000. 29.3% of participants were employed for 32 to 40 hours a week, and 18.7% were em- ployed at halftime. 12.2% were unemployed and currently seeking employment. The remaining responses came from participants that were students, unable to work, retired, or otherwise not seeking employment. 6 Key findings Affordability Rhonda lives three blocks from the newly opened Knox Station on the W Line. She works as an overnight home health aide in South Denver. Rhonda would like to attend Red Rocks Community College to earn an associate’s degree so that she can receive a higher paying job with benefits. She is not able to afford the cost of a monthly transit pass. Rhonda lives closer to the light rail station where she could catch the W Line and take it directly to school and back for $8.00 round trip. That fare cost is not affordable for her, especially because she will have to purchase additional fares for any addi- tional travel. The same trip to the college by bus would cost $4.50. If Rhonda was able to access a car, she would spend about $2.56 in gas.1 The fare structure for bus, rail, and other services within RTD is a tre- mendous barrier for low-income communities and communities of color. A majority (72%) of residents stated that they could not afford monthly passes. Additionally, 80.5% of participants did not receive an EcoPass or other form of transit assistance from their employer. Type of Monthly Pass Cost Local Fare $79 Express Fare $140 1 Calculated based on 20 miles round trip in a car getting 25 miles to the gallon with fuel costing $3.20 a gallon 7 The high costs of transit disproportion- ately impacted women and people of color. According to our re- sults, residents began to feel as though tran- sit was affordable once their total an- nual household in- come was over $50,000 (see chart on page 9). Since low-income rid- ers shared that passes were not af- fordable for them, they are left to pay for passes per ride. A sin- gle person taking two local trips on the bus for 20 days out of the month spends $90 on bus fares on a monthly basis. This cost estimate is low considering that many riders have to take multiple trips, particularly if they are transit dependent, in order to access the 8 amenities and services they re- quire. While bulk purchase dis- counts are avail- able for people buying booklets of one way fares, these discounts only benefit those able to pay for a lump sum of passes at once— again creating barriers for low- income people in accessing transit. Type of One Way Fare* Cost Local Fare (local and limited bus service and 1-2 $2.25 light rail zones) Express Fare (Express bus service and 3 light rail $4.00 zones) Regional Fare (4 light rail zones) $5.00 * Fares include a 3 hour transfer window Type of Day Pass** Cost Local Day Pass $6.75 Express Day Pass $11.50 Regional Day Pass $14.00 9 Light rail fares are less affordable due to the zone-based fare system, as demon- strated with Rhonda’s story at the beginning of this section. There are four zones (see image below). While a rider can travel in one direction through three zones by bus for $2.25, they would have to pay $4.00 to travel the same distance by light rail. This not only costs transit de- pendent riders more money, it excludes large groups of low- income people— often women and people of color—from benefitting from the transit sys- tem that they help to fund with their tax dollars. Although paying for a private car may cost more money in the long run, many families are stuck with doing that because they “I am very excited to are able to break up the cost of gas and other expenses. have the light rail run- ning by my home. I am This is particularly concerning because RTD’s FasTracks a single parent/single expansion is partly funded by a sales tax. Because sales income family, and taxes are applied at a flat rate, low-income families are would truly benefit required to pay higher portions of their income toward from an income-based the transit build out.