MGL 49 a Grammar of Teiwa (Alor-Pantar, Indonésia).Pdf

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

MGL 49 a Grammar of Teiwa (Alor-Pantar, Indonésia).Pdf A Grammar of Teiwa Mouton Grammar Library 49 Editors Georg Bossong Bernard Comrie Matthew Dryer De Gruyter Mouton A Grammar of Teiwa by Marian Klamer De Gruyter Mouton ISBN 978-3-11-022606-5 e-ISBN 978-3-11-022607-2 ISSN 0933-7636 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Klamer, Margaretha Anna Flora. A grammar of Teiwa / by Marian Klamer. p. cm. Ϫ (Mouton grammar library; 49) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-3-11-022606-5 (alk. paper) 1. Teiwa language (Papuan) Ϫ Grammar. I. Title. PL6621.T49K53 2010 4971.4945Ϫdc22 2010010874 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. ” 2010 Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, 10785 Berlin/New York Printing: Hubert & Co. GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ϱ Printed on acid-free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Acknowledgements The research for this book was conducted as part of the NWO Innovative Research (‘Vernieuwingsimpuls’) project ‘Linguistic variation in Eastern Indonesia’, granted to me by the Dutch Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) in 2002. Fieldwork in 2004 was partly funded by the Hans Rausing Endangered Languages Project. First and foremost, I am grateful to the Teiwa speakers. Pak Amos Sir was the one who convinced me to work on Teiwa back in 2003, when I arrived in Alor to start my first field work and was considering which language to work on. Over the years, Pak Amos has been supportive in many ways. In the spring of 2009, he send corrections for the Teiwa word list that I had compiled. I would like to apologize to him for the errors that undoubtedly remain in the word list as it is given in the appendix of this book — they are my responsibility. Lorens Titing was the main fieldwork consultant in 2003, and has spent many dedicated hours of helping me to transcribe, gloss and translate Teiwa texts. He also introduced me to his family and other members of the village of Madar on Pantar island. Thank you, Lorens, for all your help. In Madar, I made most of the recordings. My thanks are due to the speakers who were willing to tell the stories that make up the Teiwa corpus; they are listed in chapter 1. In 2004 and 2007, I worked together with consultants Kri Aser Pering, Kri Seprianus Pering, Kri Justus Wa’ang, and Kri Menason Wa’ang. Their profound knowledge of Teiwa, combined with their ability to have insightful and focused discussions about it in Indonesian, has been of invaluable help. I cannot thank them enough. Bpk Barnabas Titing and his wife welcomed me into their home, and introduced me to the church and other village members. I am grateful for the many delicious meals we had together, their hospitality and their kindness. The church congregation in Madar also gave me a warm welcome, and the choir provided some Teiwa songs for the corpus. To everyone in Madar I would like to say: Yumbangan dum-dum! This project would not have been possible without the official support of a great many institutions and people. The Department of Linguistics of the Atma Jaya Catholic University in Jakarta, in particular Prof. Bambang Kaswanti Purwo, and the Max Planck Institute Field Station in Jakarta, in particular David Gil, Uri Tadmor, and Antonia Soriente, helped with obtaining the necessary permits. In Kupang, the project was supported by Bpk Thom Therik and Ibu June Jacob (Artha Wacana Christian University), and Bpk John Haan (Undana University). On Alor, it was supported by Bpk Bupati Ansgerius Takalapeta and his wife, and Bpk Daniel Bekak (Kalabahi Tribuana Christian University) who provided invaluable advice on many official vi Acknowledgements matters. Pak Chris Dani in Kalabahi helped to solve many practical issues over the years, from collecting us at the airport, to buying a motor bike. In Kupang, I often stayed with Madah Biha and his family, and it felt like home. Neil Johnston (SIL) rented his house in Kalabahi to us in 2003 so that our family of four (and a half) could leave our crowded hotel room to move into a completely furnished and comfortable home. Louise Baird and František Kratochvíl were my colleagues in the ‘Linguistic variation in Eastern Indonesia’ research project from 2002-2007. To them I owe many inspiring hours of preparing for fieldwork, sharing experiences and ideas, and discussing the languages of Alor and Pantar. Peter Newman, Louise’s husband, volunteered to help with archiving, technical issues and building the project’s website. Later on, Tom Hoogervorst translated the local Malay translations of the texts into standard Indonesian for archiving purposes. Over the years, numerous people gave comments on various parts of this grammar, whether in written form, orally presented, or in conversation. To the following colleagues I owe special thanks: Ger Reesink read drafts of chapter 4, 5, and 6 back in 2005-2006 and provided very important feedback for later revisions; Hein Steinhauer, Susanne Rodemeier and Malcolm Ross read and commented on chapter 1 and saved me from making some strange errors; František Kratochvíl, Gary Holton and Louise Baird graciously provided additional details based on their own fieldwork for the language maps in Chapter 1; Rob Goedemans commented on the prosodic structure of Teiwa as described in chapter 2; John Roberts, Caterina Mauri and Andrea Sanso, while preparing a volume on realis marking, gave useful feedback on the description of realis marking in Teiwa in chapter 7; Pete Budd did the same; Andrej Malchukov commented on the description of the various functions of ma ‘come’, as presented in chapter 9; Sasha Aikhenvald read and commented on chapter 9; and Geert Booij proof-read the entire manuscript, suggesting important revisions before it was submitted at Mouton. After submission, Matthew Dryer, as the Mouton reviewer, meticulously read all the chapters. His comments and insightful data questions often forced me to go back to the corpus, re-think the analysis, or revise the description. His input has lead to many substantial improvements, and I am very grateful for the time and care he put into this work. In Leiden, finishing this book alternated with several semesters of teaching at the Research Master in Linguistics at the Leiden University Centre for Linguistics. I thank the colleagues and students that make it such a privilege to work there. Parts of this book have been published, or are in the process of being published separately (Klamer, In press; forthcoming a; forthcoming c). Acknowledgements vii Finally, I would like to thank Reinoud Veenhof, my husband, for his company and support, without which this book could not have been written. I am particularly grateful for his enthusiasm to come along in the first fieldwork, for which he took an unpaid leave. I also thank him for his love and dedication during my subsequent long absences in 2004 and 2007. For many weeks he combined his own demanding job with the care of our three small children at home. In addition, throughout the project Reinoud helped me with transfer and storage of digital data, and the maintenance of my laptops. He designed the maps in chapter 1, and spent many hours in the summer and winter breaks of 2009 helping me to prepare the camera ready copy for Mouton. In 2003, our daughter Rienje (then 5 years old) and son Jan (then 2 years old) and Thomas (as an unborn baby) set their own special record of being the first western children ever to visit Madar on Pantar island. Their local names feature in example (104) and (105) of chapter 5. To the four of them: Reinoud, Rienje, Jan and Thomas, I dedicate the book, with all my love. From the rising of the sun to its setting the name of the Lord is to be praised (Psalms 113, 3). viii Acknowledgements Table of contents Acknowledgements v Abbreviations xvii 1 Introduction 1 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Teiwa: affilation, location, and number of speakers 1 1.2 Geography of Pantar and Alor 3 1.3 Current linguistic situation on Alor and Pantar 7 1.4 Notes on the history of Alor and Pantar 13 1.5 Religion 15 1.6 Anthropological notes 16 1.7 On the genetic affiliation of the languages of Pantar and Alor 20 1.8 The general typological profile of Teiwa 25 1.9 The typological profile of Teiwa in the Papuan context 30 1.10 The research 32 1.10.1 Methodological approach, data collection and fieldwork 32 1.10.2 The corpus 34 1.10.3 Data archiving 36 2 Phonology 37 2.0 Introduction 37 2.1 Segments 37 2.1.1 Segment inventory 37 2.1.2 Description of the consonants 38 2.1.3 Description of the vowels 42 2.1.3.1 General description 42 2.1.3.2 Long lexical vowels 43 2.1.3.3 Phonetically long vowels 44 2.1.3.4 Vowels and the phonetic effects of the pharyngeal fricative 45 2.2 The syllable 46 2.2.1 Syllable structure 46 2.2.2 Consonant phonotactics and consonant clusters 48 2.2.3 Vowel sequences 50 2.2.4 Stress assignment 52 x Table of contents 2.2.4.1 Basic patterns 52 2.2.4.2 Stress and the Realis suffix 55 2.2.4.3 Stress and possessor prefixes 55 2.2.4.4 Stress and object prefixes 57 2.3 The prosodic word 58 2.4 Prosodic compounds 60 2.5 Reduplication 61 2.6 Orthographic conventions 64 2.7 Summary 66 3 Word classes 67 3.0 Introduction 67 3.1 Nouns 67 3.1.1 Classes of nouns 67 3.1.2 Nominal compounds 70 3.1.3 Derived nominals 75 3.2 Pronouns 76 3.2.1 Subject, object and possessor pronouns 77 3.2.2 Dual pronouns 82 3.2.3 ‘X and they’ pronouns 83 3.2.4 ‘X alone’ pronouns 83 3.2.5 ‘X as a group
Recommended publications
  • SCHAPPER, Antoinette and Emilie WELLFELT. 2018. 'Reconstructing
    Reconstructing contact between Alor and Timor: Evidence from language and beyond a b Antoinette SCHAPPER and Emilie WELLFELT LACITO-CNRSa, University of Colognea, and Stockholm Universityb Despite being separated by a short sea-crossing, the neighbouring islands of Alor and Timor in south-eastern Wallacea have to date been treated as separate units of linguistic analysis and possible linguistic influence between them is yet to be investigated. Historical sources and oral traditions bear witness to the fact that the communities from both islands have been engaged with one another for a long time. This paper brings together evidence of various types including song, place names and lexemes to present the first account of the interactions between Timor and Alor. We show that the groups of southern and eastern Alor have had long-standing connections with those of north-central Timor, whose importance has generally been overlooked by historical and linguistic studies. 1. Introduction1 Alor and Timor are situated at the south-eastern corner of Wallacea in today’s Indonesia. Alor is a small mountainous island lying just 60 kilometres to the north of the equally mountainous but much larger island of Timor. Both Alor and Timor are home to a mix of over 50 distinct Papuan and Austronesian language-speaking peoples. The Papuan languages belong to the Timor-Alor-Pantar (TAP) family (Schapper et al. 2014). Austronesian languages have been spoken alongside the TAP languages for millennia, following the expansion of speakers of the Austronesian languages out of Taiwan some 3,000 years ago (Blust 1995). The long history of speakers of Austronesian and Papuan languages in the Timor region is a topic in need of systematic research.
    [Show full text]
  • 7-Day / 6-Night Itinerary: Maumere to Alor Alor
    Ultimate Indonesian Yachts 7-DAY / 6-NIGHT ITINERARY: MAUMERE TO ALOR Embark on a 7-day sailing sojourn in the mysterious Alor archipelago. This journey begins in Maumere and ends in Alor. ALOR ARCHIPELAGO The Alor archipelago is a series of rugged, volcanic islands stretching east of Bali, Sumbawa and Flores. It is perhaps most notable for its cultural diversity – the small archipelago is home to no less than 100 communities speaking 8 languages and 52 dialects. Dutch settlers fixed local rajas in the coastal areas after 1908, but were unable to penetrate the interior with its notorious fierce headhunters up until as late as the 1950s. This little-visited area remains known for its enduring indigenous animist traditions and the highland villages with their Moko drums. The many small villages in the vicinity are home to a welcoming and curious people, and visitors may also come across local spear fishermen sporting wooden framed goggles, setting traditional woven fish traps on the reefs. Among the islands surrounding Alor, deep channels make up part of the migratory route for many types of whales and the underwater landscape features breathtaking walls and coral gardens occupied by large schools of fish. These waters are notorious for powerful currents, particularly in the narrow straits between Pantar, Alor and Lembata, attracting predators from the deep. Off the Alor coast, Komba Island is home to the very active Batu Tara volcano, which billows smoke every half hour. www.ultimate-indonesian-yachts.com Ultimate Indonesian Yachts SAMPLE ITINERARY DAY 1: MAUMERE Upon arrival at the airport, you will be collected by your crew and transferred to your private yacht.
    [Show full text]
  • Observed Estimates of Convergence in the Savu Sea, Indonesia James T
    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 108, NO. C1, 3001, doi:10.1029/2002JC001507, 2003 Observed estimates of convergence in the Savu Sea, Indonesia James T. Potemra,1 Janet Sprintall,2 Susan L. Hautala,3 and Wahyu Pandoe4,5 Received 11 June 2002; revised 25 September 2002; accepted 10 October 2002; published 2 January 2003. [1] The Indonesian seas are known to be a region where various Pacific and Indian Ocean water masses converge and are transformed into uniquely characterized Indonesian Sea Water (ISW). The volume of Pacific surface waters that are stored in the Indonesian seas and the timescales for this volume to change are important factors in the formulation of ISW that ultimately enters the Indian Ocean as the Indonesian throughflow (ITF). In this study, data from a recent deployment of pressure gauges surrounding the Savu Sea are used to estimate volume, heat, and freshwater convergence within approximately the upper 100 m. A pair of gauges on the northeastern side (North Ombai and South Ombai) is used to estimate inflow from the Banda Sea through the Ombai Strait, and two pairs (Sumbawa/North Sumba and South Sumba/Roti) are used to estimate outflow to the Indian Ocean via the Sumba and Savu/Dao Straits. The data are used in conjunction with numerical model results to show that at times, for example, November and December of 1996, there can be up to a 10 Sv imbalance between the inflow and the outflow transport. Most of the variability in estimated convergence occurs intraseasonally and seems to be controlled by the flow through the Sumba Strait on the eastern side of the sea.
    [Show full text]
  • Bay of Bengal: from Monsoons to Mixing Ocethe Officiala Magazinen Ogof the Oceanographyra Societyphy
    The Oceanography Society Non Profit Org. THE OFFICIAL MAGAZINE OF THE OCEANOGRAPHY SOCIETY P.O. Box 1931 U.S. Postage Rockville, MD 20849-1931 USA PAID Washington, DC ADDRESS SERVICE REQUESTED Permit No. 251 OceVOL.29, NO.2,a JUNEn 2016 ography Register now to attend this conference for international scientific profes- sionals and students. Virtually every facet of ocean color remote sensing and optical oceanography will be presented, including basic research, technological development, environmental management, and policy. October 23–28, 2016 | Victoria, BC, Canada Registration is open! The oral presentation schedule is available on the conference website Submission of abstracts for poster presentation remains open through summer 2016. www.oceanopticsconference.org Bay of Bengal: From Monsoons to Mixing OceTHE OFFICIALa MAGAZINEn ogOF THE OCEANOGRAPHYra SOCIETYphy CITATION Susanto, R.D., Z. Wei, T.R. Adi, Q. Zheng, G. Fang, B. Fan, A. Supangat, T. Agustiadi, S. Li, M. Trenggono, and A. Setiawan. 2016. Oceanography surrounding Krakatau Volcano in the Sunda Strait, Indonesia. Oceanography 29(2):264–272, http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2016.31. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2016.31 COPYRIGHT This article has been published in Oceanography, Volume 29, Number 2, a quarterly journal of The Oceanography Society. Copyright 2016 by The Oceanography Society. All rights reserved. USAGE Permission is granted to copy this article for use in teaching and research. Republication, systematic reproduction, or collective redistribution of any portion of this article by photocopy machine, reposting, or other means is permitted only with the approval of The Oceanography Society. Send all correspondence to: [email protected] or The Oceanography Society, PO Box 1931, Rockville, MD 20849-1931, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • KARAKTERISTIK DAN Ketersedlaan DATA SUMBER DAYA LAHAN PULAU-PULAU Kecll UNTUK PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN PERTANIAN DI MALUKU
    KARAKTERISTIK DAN KETERSEDlAAN DATA SUMBER DAYA LAHAN PULAU-PULAU KEClL UNTUK PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN PERTANIAN DI MALUKU Andriko Noto Susanto dan Marthen P. Sirappa Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Maluku, JaIan Chr. Soplanit Rumah Tiga, Ambon 97233 ABSTRAK Pembangunan pertanian di Provinsi Maluku, yang didominasi oleh pulau-pulau kecil, memerlukan perencanaan secara spesifik. Salah satu informasi dasar yang dibutuhkan untuk pengembangan pertanian di pulau-pulau kecil tersebut adalah peta sumber daya lahan, yang memberikan informasi penting tentang distribusi, luasan, tingkat kesesuaian, faktor pembatas, dan alternatif pengelolaan lahan yang rasional. Peta yang tersedia untuk perencanaan pembangunan pertanian di Provinsi Maluku adalah peta zona agroekologi yang meliputi seluruh wilayah Provinsi Maluku, sedangkan peta pada tingkat semidetail sampai detail baru tersedia untuk beberapa wilayah, yaitu dataran Waeapo, Kairatu dan Kamariang, serta Pulau Selaru dan Wokam. Berdasarkan data atau peta tersebut, Provinsi Maluku memiliki peluang yang cukup besar untuk pengembangan perkebunan, wanatani, tanaman pangan lahan kering, tanaman pangan lahan basah, padang penggembalaan, dan perikanan tambak. Luas lahan untuk usaha tani tanaman pangan, sayuran dan buah-buahan mencapai 41.012 ha, sementara potensinya seluas 775.586 ha atau tersedia areal ekstensifikasi 734.574 ha. Untuk usaha perkebunan terdapat areal potensial seluas 1.392.712,40 ha, sedangkan lahan fungsional baru mencapai 157.533 ha atau tersedia areal pengembangan 1.235.179,40 ha. Perencanaan pembangunan pertanian secara berkelanjutan harus didasarkan pada keadaan biofisik lahan, komoditas unggulan, dan sosial budaya ekonomi masyarakat. Kata kunci: Karakteristik fisik-kimia tanah, data sumber daya lahan, pembangunan pertanian, Maluku ABSTRACT Characteristics and availability of land resources in small islands for agricultural development planning in Maluku Agricultural development in Maluku Province, which is dominated by small islands, requires specific planning.
    [Show full text]
  • A 20-Yr Average of the Indonesian Throughflow: Regional Currents and the Interbasin Exchange
    SEPTEMBER 2008 WIJFFELSETAL. 1965 A 20-Yr Average of the Indonesian Throughflow: Regional Currents and the Interbasin Exchange SUSAN E. WIJFFELS The Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia GARY MEYERS Integrated Marine Observing System, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia J. STUART GODFREY The Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Manuscript received and in final form 21 January 2008) ABSTRACT Twenty years of monthly or more frequent repeat expendable bathythermograph data are used to estimate the mean geostrophic velocity and transport relative to 750 m of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) and its partitioning through the major outflow straits into the Indian Ocean. Ekman transports are estimated from satellite and atmospheric reanalysis wind climatologies. A subsurface maximum near 100 m characterizes the geostrophic ITF, but Ekman flows drive a warm near-surface component as well. A subsurface intensified fresh Makassar Jet feeds the Lombok Strait Throughflow (ϳ2 Sv; 1Sv ϵ 106 m3 sϪ1) and an eastward flow along the Nusa Tenggara island chain [the Nusa Tenggara Current (6 Sv)]. This flow feeds a relatively cold 3.0-Sv flow through the Ombai Strait and Savu Sea. About 4–5 Sv pass through Timor Passage, fed by both the Nusa Tenggara Current and likely warmer and saltier flow from the eastern Banda Sea. The Ombai and Timor Throughflow feature distinctly different shear profiles; Ombai has deep- reaching shear with a subsurface velocity maximum near 150 m and so is cold (ϳ15.5°–17.1°C), while Timor Passage has a surface intensified flow and is warm (ϳ21.6°–23°C).
    [Show full text]
  • East Flores Witness Something Truly Majestic®
    East Flores Witness Something Truly Majestic® thth 8SAFARI Page 1 The Mystical Archipelago of Lembata & Alor Venture to the isolated archipelago where its myth, culture and wilderness are lost in time. Legend has it that after a particularly long drought in the Dolabang Village at Pura Island, a local man, Olangki, made a journey to Reta Village to borrow rice. The following year, while on way to return the borrowed rice, he saw a pig on the top of Maru Mountain. He tried, but failed, to slay the pig. In his despair, he asked for help from Dewa “God” to give him water and in return he would give away his daughter, “Bui”. The sky turned dark and with it came a big rain which flooded the village. After he gave his daughter to the God, the rain stopped. After a year, the villagers had enough food and water to live on. They celebrated their good fortune with the Lego-Lego Dance and invited Bui to join them. Bui was believed to be married to the God of the mountain. While dancing, Bui asked her mother to take care of her baby that was wrapped in a blanket. She told her mother not to open the blanket. Despite her request, the mother opened the blanket and found a big red fish. She could not resist eating one of the eyes. When Bui discovered that the mother had hurt her baby, she ran and locked herself inside Bitu Era cave at the top of the mountain. She promised herself that there would be no more hunger and thirst for her family and village.
    [Show full text]
  • Maritime Highways of Southeast Asia : Alternative Straits?
    This document is downloaded from DR‑NTU (https://dr.ntu.edu.sg) Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Maritime highways of Southeast Asia : alternative straits? Mohd Hazmi Mohd Rusli 2012 Mohd, H. M. R. (2012). Maritime highways of Southeast Asia : alternative straits?. (RSIS Commentaries, No. 024). RSIS Commentaries. Singapore: Nanyang Technological University. https://hdl.handle.net/10356/94569 Downloaded on 30 Sep 2021 20:02:12 SGT ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library RSIS COMMENTARIES RSIS Commentaries are intended to provide timely and, where appropriate, policy relevant background and analysis of contemporary developments. The views of the authors are their own and do not represent the official position of the S.Rajaratnam School of International Studies, NTU. These commentaries may be reproduced electronically or in print with prior permission from RSIS. Due recognition must be given to the author or authors and RSIS. Please email: [email protected] or call (+65) 6790 6982 to speak to the Editor RSIS Commentaries, Yang Razali Kassim. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ No. 024/2012 dated 10 February 2012 Maritime Highways of Southeast Asia: Alternative Straits? By Mohd Hazmi bin Mohd Rusli Synopsis Growing shipping traffic congestion in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore has led to a search for alternative shipping routes. While the Indonesian archipelagic waters have been identified, how viable are these alternative waterways? Commentary A PROJECTED increase of shipping traffic in the next decade has sparked concerns about traffic congestion in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore. Alternative shipping routes through the Indonesian archipelagic waters have been identified, three in particular being the Sunda Strait, the Lombok and Makassar Straits and the Ombai-Weitar Straits near the island of Timor.
    [Show full text]
  • Scuba Diving in Flores and Alor, Indonesia
    Scuba Diving in Flores and Alor, Indonesia STORY AND PHOTOGRAPHY BY BRANDON COLE - DECEMBER 22, 2015 A stunning display of colorful invertebrate life at Tanjung Lusitobo on Lembata. I love fish soup. Not the dish but rather the experience. Like this dive at Watu Balu in seas positively boiling with life. Scales of a million fish swirl about me — fusiliers flashing sleek sides, surgeonfish gliding by in perfect formation, waves of anthias frenetically feeding on plankton in the formidable current, which carries me over terraced table corals and past boulders smothered with orange soft corals. Trevallies and tuna charge in from the blue to ambush prey, each attack causing the harried masses to scatter momentarily. A strong surge pushes and pulls and spins me through the melee. Although photos are hard to come by on this wild and woolly ride, I’m loving it. I had never heard of Watu Balu, nor many of the other sites we’ve dived during the past week. Adrift somewhere in Indonesia’s East Nusa Tenggara, we’re way off the radar. The liveaboards operating here call it the East of Flores itinerary: Starting in Maumere, on the island of Flores, and working east to the Alor archipelago, we dive the islands of Flores, Adunara, Lembata, Pantar, Alor and numerous places in between. These islands straddle the Indian and Pacific oceans, and we find cryptic beasties on phenomenal muck dives and cruise along sheer walls and colorful reefs. One morning we wake to a breathtaking 360-degree view of six volcanoes emerging from the sea.
    [Show full text]
  • Psychologyandeducation.Net
    PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2021) 58(2): 6050-6057 ISSN: 00333077 The Pattern of Life of Spoken Communities: Ethnographic Studies of Communication on Student's Social Life Pahrul Idham Kaliky1*, Hanafi Bilmona2, Aisa Abas3 1,2,3Universitas Pattimura Ambon, Indonesia *Correspondence to: Pahrul Idham Kaliky, Universitas Pattimura Ambon, Indonesia, E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Students are a social community where the basic views and primary cells grow from the basic views and scientific disciplines in the academic world. Students have their own culture of social life in their main activities, which are seen as very functioning as the main pillar in the development of human resources and as a determinant of a nation's quality level. The research aims to determine the social interaction behavior of students in several faculties at Pattimura University. With a background of good student social interaction behavior in several faculties, a harmonious social relationship will be built between fellow students in the Pattimura University campus environment. This research is qualitative research, designed based on a constructive paradigm in which every speech and action community is not only interpreted from a particular perspective but needs to be understood holistically based on the cultural approach and characteristics of each region. This research is based on an interpretive paradigm that views the world and objects of human life from their experience and subjectivity and has different views from the positivistic paradigm. When the positivistic paradigm uses a basic premise with a short phrase, knowledge is un-problematic, the interpretive paradigm sees the opposite. Keywords: Students, Communication, Multi-cultural, Ethnography.
    [Show full text]
  • The Alor Archipelago, Indonesia
    The Alor Archipelago, Indonesia Trip Information Kalabahi - Maumere Itinerary ● Arrival Airport: Alor Island Airport (ARD)* ● Departure Airport: Frans Seda Airport (Maumere) Airport (MOF) Maumere - Kalabahi Itinerary ● Arrival Airport: Frans Seda Airport (Maumere) Airport (MOF)* ● Departure Airport: Alor Island Airport (ARD) Flights and Transfers Domestic flights to and from embarkation / disembarkation locations are not included in the liveaboard price. Transfers between the local airports or hotels and Indo Siren on the day of embarkation and on the day of disembarkation only are provided free of charge. Please refer to your booking and itinerary details for full details on transfers. *Guests are advised to book flights that arrive before 12:00. Transfer between Alor Airport and Kalabahi Harbour is approximately 20 minutes. Transfer between Maumere Airport and Maumere Harbour is approximately 40 minutes. Advice on International Flights We recommend booking your international flights into Bali International Airport (DPS) for the easiest domestic connections to / from Alor and Maumere. We advise you to spend at least one day in Jakarta or Bali at either side of your cruise to ensure you are on time for your flight connections and you are well rested before cruise departure. Our reservations team can help to arrange hotel accommodation and your domestic flight connections between your arrival airport and embarkation point. Please note that some domestic airlines have luggage restrictions of 10kg or 15kg on certain routes. Extra allowance can be purchased at the check in counter for approximately US$1.50 per kilo. However, Garuda Indonesia allows 20kg checked luggage on domestic flights, plus an additional free for sports equipment allowance of up to 23kg.
    [Show full text]
  • East Nusantara: Typological and Areal Analyses Pacific Linguistics 618
    East Nusantara: typological and areal analyses Pacific Linguistics 618 Pacific Linguistics is a publisher specialising in grammars and linguistic descriptions, dictionaries and other materials on languages of the Pacific, Taiwan, the Philippines, Indonesia, East Timor, southeast and south Asia, and Australia. Pacific Linguistics, established in 1963 through an initial grant from the Hunter Douglas Fund, is associated with the Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies at The Australian National University. The authors and editors of Pacific Linguistics publications are drawn from a wide range of institutions around the world. Publications are refereed by scholars with relevant expertise, who are usually not members of the editorial board. FOUNDING EDITOR: Stephen A. Wurm EDITORIAL BOARD: John Bowden and I Wayan Arka (Managing Editors), Mark Donohue, Nicholas Evans, David Nash, Andrew Pawley, Malcolm Ross, Paul Sidwell, Jane Simpson, and Darrell Tryon EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD: Karen Adams, Arizona State University Marian Klamer, Universiteit Leiden Alexander Adelaar, University of Melbourne Harold Koch, The Australian National Peter Austin, School of Oriental and African University Studies Frantisek Lichtenberk, University of Byron Bender, University of Hawai‘i Auckland Walter Bisang, Johannes Gutenberg- John Lynch, University of the South Pacific Universität Mainz Patrick McConvell, Australian Institute of Robert Blust, University of Hawai‘i Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander David Bradley, La Trobe University Studies Lyle Campbell, University of Utah William McGregor, Aarhus Universitet James Collins, Universiti Kebangsaan Ulrike Mosel, Christian-Albrechts- Malaysia Universität zu Kiel Bernard Comrie, Max Planck Institute for Claire Moyse-Faurie, Centre National de la Evolutionary Anthropology Recherche Scientifique Soenjono Dardjowidjojo, Universitas Atma Bernd Nothofer, Johann Wolfgang Goethe- Jaya Universität Frankfurt am Main Matthew Dryer, State University of New York Bambang Kaswanti Purwo, Universitas Atma at Buffalo Jaya Jerold A.
    [Show full text]