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Intention to Use Contraceptives in Jordan: Further Analysis of the Jordan Population and Family Health Survey 2017-18 DHS Further Analysis Reports No. 141 December 2020 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Sara Riese. Further Analysis Reports No. 141 Intention to Use Contraceptives in Jordan: Further Analysis of the Jordan Population and Family Health Survey 2017-18 Sara Riese1,2 ICF Rockville, Maryland, USA December 2020 1 ICF 2 The DHS Program Corresponding author: Sara Riese, International Health and Development, ICF, 530 Gaither Road, Suite 500, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; phone: +1 301-572-0546; fax: +1 301-407-6501; email: [email protected] Acknowledgments: This study was supported by the USAID/Jordan. The USAID Mission in Jordan provided support and funding under the DHS-8 contract. Many thanks to my colleague, Christina Juan, for brainstorming and discussions during the Jordan Further Analysis report development process. Gratitude is extended to Shireen Assaf and Yodit Bekele for their thoughtful review and comments, as well as to our external reviewers, Hana Banat, John Callanta, and Samah Al-Quran. Editor: Diane Stoy Document Production: Natalie Shattuck This report presents findings from a further analysis of the 2017-18 Jordan Population and Family Health Survey (JPFHS). This report is a publication of The DHS Program which collects, analyzes, and disseminates data on fertility, family planning, maternal and child health, nutrition, and HIV/AIDS. Funding was provided by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) through the DHS Program (#720-0AA-18C-00083). The opinions expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID and other cooperating agencies. The JPFHS 2017-18 was implemented by Jordan’s Department of Statistics (DOS) from early October 2017 to January 2018. The funding for the JPFHS was provided by the government of Jordan, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). ICF provided technical assistance through The DHS Program, a USAID-funded project providing support and technical assistance in the implementation of population and health surveys in countries worldwide. Recommended citation: Riese, Sara. 2020. Intention to Use Contraceptives in Jordan: Further Analysis of the Jordan Population and Family Health Survey 2017-18. DHS Further Analysis Reports No. 141. Rockville, Maryland, USA: ICF. CONTENTS TABLES AND FIGURES .............................................................................................................................. v ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................................. vii ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................ ix BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Intention to Use Contraception in Jordan ......................................................................................... 2 Study Purpose .................................................................................................................................. 3 DATA AND METHODS ................................................................................................................................ 5 Data .................................................................................................................................................. 5 Methods ........................................................................................................................................... 5 Outcome measure ............................................................................................................... 5 Covariates ........................................................................................................................... 5 Analysis ............................................................................................................................... 7 RESULTS...................................................................................................................................................... 9 Sample Characteristics .................................................................................................................... 9 Intention to Use Contraception ...................................................................................................... 10 Bivariate association ......................................................................................................... 10 Multivariate logistic regression analysis ............................................................................ 13 DISCUSSION .............................................................................................................................................. 19 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................ 25 APPENDIX .................................................................................................................................................. 31 iii TABLES AND FIGURES Table 1 Analytic sample profile (N=5,794) .............................................................................. 9 Table 2 Cross-tabulation of contraceptive intention with covariates (N=5,794) ................... 11 Appendix Table 1 Adjusted odds ratio of intention to use contraception, JPFHS 2017-18 (N=5,789) ................................................................................................................. 31 Figure 1 Trends in contraceptive intention and prevalence, Jordan 1990-2018 ...................... 2 Figure 2 Study sample ............................................................................................................. 5 Figure 3 Coefficient plot of attitude factor results from binary logistic regression, 2017-18 JPFHS (N=5,789)..................................................................................................... 13 Figure 4 Coefficient plot of social norm factor results from binary logistic regression, 2017-18 JPFHS (N=5,789) ...................................................................................... 14 Figure 5 Coefficient plot of perceived behavioral control factor results from binary logistic regression, 2017-18 JPFHS (N=5,789) ....................................................... 15 Figure 6 Coefficient plot of sociodemographic factor results from binary logistic regression, 2017-18 JPFHS (N=5,789) ................................................................... 16 v ABSTRACT Intention to use contraception in the future among women in Jordan has decreased over the past 30 years. To better understand the determinants of contraceptive intention, this study uses the theory of planned behavior to identify attitudes, social norms, perceived behavioral control, and sociodemographic factors associated with contraceptive intention. We use data from 5,789 currently married, fecund women not currently using contraception from the most recent Jordan Population and Family Health Survey and estimate logistic regression models for contraceptive intention. Over 60% of women in our sample do not intend to use contraception in the future. In multivariate analysis, variables related to all three components of the theory of planned behavior were significantly associated with contraceptive intention. Women who are undecided about having more children had lower odds of intending to use contraception compared to women who want no more children. Compared with women who wanted no children, women who want one to four children had higher odds of contraceptive intention. Women who do not know how many children their husband desires have lower odds of intending to use contraception compared to women who want the same number of children as their husbands. Women who have used contraceptives have over three times the odds of intending to use contraception in the future compared to women who have not. Joint decision making for contraceptive nonuse is associated with higher odds of contraceptive intention compared to a woman making the decision alone. Increasing age is associated with lower odds of contraceptive intention compared to younger age. Women whose husbands have higher levels of education have higher odds of intending to use contraception compared to those with husbands with no education. Compared with women who are not currently working, women who work have lower odds of contraceptive intention. Odds of intending to use contraception in the future varied in different governorates with women in Ajloun having over two times the odds of intending to use contraception, and women in Karak over 50% lower odds, compared to women in Amman. These findings suggest that investment in demand-side interventions that promote contraceptive use through shifting social norms on gender and addressing common concerns about contraceptive use are warranted. Targeting specific groups by age and previous contraceptive use may also allow for focused messaging that
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