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B17564402 the Project Gutenberg Ebook of a Text-Book of the History of Painting, by John C b17564402 The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Text-Book of the History of Painting, by John C. Van Dyke This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: A Text-Book of the History of Painting Author: John C. Van Dyke Release Date: July 23, 2006 [EBook #18900] Language: English Character set encoding: ASCII *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORY OF PAINTING *** Produced by Joseph R. Hauser, Sankar Viswanathan, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net [Illustration: VELASQUEZ. HEAD OF AESOP, MADRID.] A TEXT-BOOK OF THE HISTORY OF PAINTING BY JOHN C. VAN DYKE, L.H.D. PROFESSOR OF THE HISTORY OF ART IN RUTGERS COLLEGE AND AUTHOR OF "ART FOR ART'S SAKE," "THE MEANING OF PICTURES," ETC. LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. 91 AND 93 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK LONDON, BOMBAY, AND CALCUTTA 1909 COPYRIGHT, 1894, BY LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. * * * * * Page 1 b17564402 PREFACE. The object of this series of text-books is to provide concise teachable histories of art for class-room use in schools and colleges. The limited time given to the study of art in the average educational institution has not only dictated the condensed style of the volumes, but has limited their scope of matter to the general features of art history. Archaeological discussions on special subjects and aesthetic theories have been avoided. The main facts of history as settled by the best authorities are given. If the reader choose to enter into particulars the bibliography cited at the head of each chapter will be found helpful. Illustrations have been introduced as sight-help to the text, and, to avoid repetition, abbreviations have been used wherever practicable. The enumeration of the principal extant works of an artist, school, or period, and where they may be found, which follows each chapter, may be serviceable not only as a summary of individual or school achievement, but for reference by travelling students in Europe. This volume on painting, the first of the series, omits mention of such work in Arabic, Indian, Chinese, and Persian art as may come properly under the head of Ornament--a subject proposed for separate treatment hereafter. In treating of individual painters it has been thought best to give a short critical estimate of the man and his rank among the painters of his time rather than the detailed facts of his life. Students who wish accounts of the lives of the painters should use Vasari, Larousse, and the _Encyclopaedia Britannica_ in connection with this text-book. Acknowledgments are made to the respective publishers of Woltmann and Woermann's History of Painting, and the fine series of art histories by Perrot and Chipiez, for permission to reproduce some few illustrations from these publications. JOHN C. VAN DYKE. * * * * * TABLE OF CONTENTS. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I. EGYPTIAN PAINTING CHAPTER II. CHALDAEO-ASSYRIAN, PERSIAN, PHOENICIAN, CYPRIOTE, AND ASIA MINOR PAINTING CHAPTER III. GREEK, ETRUSCAN, AND ROMAN PAINTING CHAPTER IV. Page 2 b17564402 ITALIAN PAINTING--EARLY CHRISTIAN AND MEDIAEVAL PERIOD, 200-1250 CHAPTER V. ITALIAN PAINTING--GOTHIC PERIOD, 1250-1400 CHAPTER VI. ITALIAN PAINTING--EARLY RENAISSANCE, 1400-1500 CHAPTER VII. ITALIAN PAINTING--EARLY RENAISSANCE, 1400-1500, _Continued_ CHAPTER VIII. ITALIAN PAINTING--HIGH RENAISSANCE, 1500-1600 CHAPTER IX. ITALIAN PAINTING--HIGH RENAISSANCE, 1500-1600, _Continued_ CHAPTER X. ITALIAN PAINTING--HIGH RENAISSANCE, 1500-1600, _Continued_ CHAPTER XI. ITALIAN PAINTING--THE DECADENCE AND MODERN WORK, 1600-1894 CHAPTER XII. FRENCH PAINTING--SIXTEENTH, SEVENTEENTH, AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES CHAPTER XIII. FRENCH PAINTING--NINETEENTH CENTURY CHAPTER XIV. FRENCH PAINTING--NINETEENTH CENTURY, _Continued_ CHAPTER XV. SPANISH PAINTING CHAPTER XVI. FLEMISH PAINTING CHAPTER XVII. DUTCH PAINTING CHAPTER XVIII. GERMAN PAINTING CHAPTER XIX. BRITISH PAINTING CHAPTER XX. AMERICAN PAINTING POSTSCRIPT Page 3 b17564402 INDEX * * * * * LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Velasquez, Head of AEsop, Madrid _Frontispiece_ 1 Hunting in the Marshes, Tomb of Ti, Saccarah 2 Portrait of Queen Taia 3 Offerings to the Dead. Wall painting 4 Vignette on Papyrus 5 Enamelled Brick, Nimroud 6 " " Khorsabad 7 Wild Ass. Bas-relief 8 Lions Frieze, Susa 9 Painted Head from Edessa 10 Cypriote Vase Decoration 11 Attic Grave Painting 12 Muse of Cortona 13 Odyssey Landscape 14 Amphore, Lower Italy 15 Ritual Scene, Palatine Wall painting 16 Portrait, Fayoum, Graf Collection 17 Chamber in Catacombs, with wall decorations 18 Catacomb Fresco, S. Cecilia 19 Christ as Good Shepherd, Ravenna mosaic 20 Christ and Saints, fresco, S. Generosa 21 Ezekiel before the Lord. MS. illumination 22 Giotto, Flight into Egypt, Arena Chap. 23 Orcagna, Paradise (detail), S. M. Novella 24 Lorenzetti, Peace (detail), Sienna 25 Fra Angelico, Angel, Uffizi 26 Fra Filippo, Madonna, Uffizi 27 Botticelli, Coronation of Madonna, Uffizi 28 Ghirlandajo, Visitation, Louvre Page 4 b17564402 29 Francesca, Duke of Urbino, Uffizi 30 Signorelli, The Curse (detail), Orvieto 31 Perugino, Madonna, Saints, and Angels, Louvre 32 School of Francia, Madonna, Louvre 33 Mantegna, Gonzaga Family Group, Mantua 34 B. Vivarini, Madonna and Child, Turin 35 Giovanni Bellini, Madonna, Venice Acad. 36 Carpaccio, Presentation (detail), Venice Acad. 37 Antonello da Messina, Unknown Man, Louvre 38 Fra Bartolommeo, Descent from Cross, Pitti 39 Andrea del Sarto, Madonna of St. Francis, Uffizi 40 Michael Angelo, Athlete, Sistine Chap., Rome 41 Raphael, La Belle Jardiniere, Louvre 42 Giulio Romano, Apollo and Muses, Pitti 43 Leonardo da Vinci, Mona Lisa, Louvre 44 Luini, Daughter of Herodias, Uffizi 45 Sodoma, Ecstasy of St. Catherine, Sienna 46 Correggio, Marriage of St. Catherine, Louvre 47 Giorgione, Ordeal of Moses, Uffizi 48 Titian, Venus Equipping Cupid, Borghese, Rome 49 Tintoretto, Mercury and Graces, Ducal Pal., Venice 50 Veronese, Venice Enthroned, Ducal Pal., Venice 51 Lotto, Three Ages, Pitti 52 Bronzino, Christ in Limbo, Uffizi 53 Baroccio, Annunciation 54 Annibale Caracci, Entombment of Christ, Louvre 55 Caravaggio, The Card Players, Dresden 56 Poussin, Et in Arcadia Ego, Louvre 57 Claude Lorrain, Flight into Egypt, Dresden 58 Watteau, Gilles, Louvre 59 Boucher, Pastoral, Louvre 60 David, The Sabines, Louvre 61 Ingres, Oedipus and Sphinx, Louvre 62 Delacroix, Massacre of Scio, Louvre Page 5 b17564402 63 Gerome, Pollice Verso 64 Corot, Landscape 65 Rousseau, Charcoal Burner's Hut, Fuller Collection 66 Millet, The Gleaners, Louvre 67 Cabanel, Phaedra 68 Meissonier, Napoleon in 1814 69 Sanchez-Coello, Daughter of Philip II., Madrid 70 Murillo, St. Anthony of Padua, Dresden 71 Ribera, St. Agnes, Dresden 72 Fortuny, Spanish Marriage 73 Madrazo, Unmasked 74 Van Eycks, St. Bavon Altar-piece, Berlin 75 Memling (?), St. Lawrence, Nat. Gal., Lon. 76 Massys, Head of Virgin, Antwerp 77 Rubens, Portrait of Young Woman 78 Van Dyck, Portrait of Cornelius van der Geest 79 Teniers the Younger, Prodigal Son, Louvre 80 Alfred Stevens, On the Beach 81 Hals, Portrait of a Lady 82 Rembrandt, Head of a Woman, Nat. Gal., Lon. 83 Ruisdael, Landscape 84 Hobbema, The Water Wheel, Amsterdam Mus. 85 Israels, Alone in the World 86 Mauve, Sheep 87 Lochner, Sts. John, Catharine, Matthew, London 88 Wolgemut, Crucifixion, Munich 89 Duerer, Praying Virgin, Augsburg 90 Holbein, Portrait, Hague Mus. 91 Piloty, Wise and Foolish Virgins 92 Leibl, In Church 93 Menzel, A Reader 94 Hogarth, Shortly after Marriage, Nat. Gal., Lon. 95 Reynolds, Countess Spencer and Lord Althorp 96 Gainsborough, Blue Boy Page 6 b17564402 97 Constable, Corn Field, Nat. Gal., Lon. 98 Turner, Fighting Temeraire, Nat. Gal., Lon. 99 Burne-Jones, Flamma Vestalis 100 Leighton, Helen of Troy 101 Watts, Love and Death 102 West, Peter Denying Christ, Hampton Court 103 Gilbert Stuart, Washington, Boston Mus. 104 Hunt, Lute Player 105 Eastman Johnson, Churning 106 Inness, Landscape 107 Winslow Homer, Undertow 108 Whistler, The White Girl 109 Sargent, "Carnation Lily, Lily Rose" 110 Chase, Alice, Art Institute, Chicago * * * * * GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY. (This includes the leading accessible works that treat of painting in general. For works on special periods or schools, see the bibliographical references at the head of each chapter. For bibliography of individual painters consult, under proper names, Champlin and Perkins's _Cyclopedia_, as given below.) Champlin and Perkins, _Cyclopedia of Painters and Paintings_, New York. Adeline, _Lexique des Termes d'Art_. _Gazette des Beaux Arts_, Paris. Larousse, _Grand Dictionnaire Universel_, Paris. _L'Art, Revue hebdomadaire illustree_, Paris. Bryan, _Dictionary of Painters_. _New edition_. Brockhaus, _Conversations-Lexikon_. Meyer, _Allgemeines Kuenstler-Lexikon_, Berlin. Muther, _History of Modern Painting_. Agincourt, _History of Art by its Monuments_. Bayet, _Precis d'Histoire de l'Art_. Blanc, _Histoire des Peintres de toutes les Ecoles_. Eastlake, _Materials for a History of Oil Painting_. Page 7 b17564402 Luebke, _History of Art, trans. by Clarence Cook_. Reber, _History of Ancient Art_. Reber, _History of Mediaeval Art_. Schnasse, _Geschichte der Bildenden Kuenste_. Girard, _La Peinture Antique_. Viardot, _History of the Painters of all Schools_. Williamson (Ed.), _Handbooks of Great Masters_. Woltmann and Woermann, _History of Painting_. * * * * * HISTORY OF PAINTING. INTRODUCTION. The origin of painting is unknown. The first important records of this art are met with in Egypt; but before the Egyptian civilization the men of the early ages probably used color in ornamentation and decoration, and they certainly scratched the outlines of men and animals upon bone and slate. Traces of this rude primitive work still remain to us on the pottery, weapons, and stone implements of the cave-dwellers. But while indicating the awakening of intelligence in early man, they can be reckoned with as art only in a slight archaeological way. They show inclination rather than accomplishment--a wish to ornament or to represent, with only a crude knowledge of how to go about it.
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