IUCN Publications New Series No. 13 CONSERVATION of RENEWABLE
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IUCN Publications New Series No. 13 PROCEEDINGS OF THE LATIN AMERICAN CONFERENCE ON THE CONSERVATION OF RENEWABLE NATURAL RESOURCES Organised by IUCN and Sponsored by UNESCO and FAO CONSERVATION IN LATIN AMERICA San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina Published with the assistance of UNESCO International Union Union Internationale for Conservation of pour la Conservation Nature and Natural de la Nature et de Resources ses Ressources Morges, Switzerland, 1968 The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) was founded in 1948 and has its headquarters in Morges, Switzerland; it is an independent international body whose membership comprises states, irrespective of their political and social systems, government departments and private institutions as well as international organizations. It represents those who are concerned at man's modification of the natural environment through the rapidity of urban and industrial development and the excessive exploitation of the earth's natural resources, upon which rest the foundations of his survival. IUCN's main purpose is to promote or support action which will ensure the perpetuation of wild nature and natural resources on a world-wide basis, not only for their intrinsic cultural or scientific values but also for the long-term economic and social welfare of mankind. This objective can be achieved through active conservation pro- grammes for the wise use of natural resources in areas where the flora and fauna are of particular importance and where the land- scape is especially beautiful or striking, or of historical, cultural or scientific significance. IUCN believes that its aims can be achieved most effectively by international effort in coope- ration with other international agencies such as UNESCO and FAO. The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) is an international charitable foundation for saving the world's wildlife and wild places. It was established in 1961 under Swiss law and shares joint headquarters with the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Its aim is to support the conservation of nature in all its forms (landscape, soil, water, flora and fauna) by raising funds and allocating them to projects, by publicity and the education of the general public and young people in particular. For all these activities it takes scientific and technical advice from IUCN. Although WWF may occasionally conduct its own field operations, it tries as much as possible to work through competent specialists or local organizations. Among WWF projects financial support for IUCN and for the International Council for Bird Preservation (ICBP) have highest priority, in order to enable these bodies to build up the vital scientific and technical basis for world conservation and specific projects. Other projects cover a very wide range from education, ecological studies and surveys, to the establishment and manage- ment of areas as national parks and reserves and emergency programmes for the safeguarding of animal and plant species threatened with extinction. WWF fund-raising and publicity activities are mainly carried out by National Appeals in an number of countries, and its inter- national governing body is made up of prominent personalities in many fields. 1 VICUNA 2 IUCN PUBLICATIONS NEW SERIES No 13 PROCEEDINGS OF THE LATIN AMERICAN CONFERENCE ON THE CONSERVATION OF RENEWABLE NATURAL RESOURCES SAN CARLOS DE BARILOCHE, ARGENTINA 27 March - 2 April, 1968 Organized by I.U.C.N. and sponsored by UNESCO & FAO Published with the assistance of UNESCO International Union Union Internationale for Conservation of pour la Conservation Nature and Natural de la Nature et de Resources ses Ressources Morges, Suisse - Switzerland 1968 3 INTRODUCTORY NOTE The Latin-American Conference on the Conservation of Renewable Natural Resources, took place at the Hotel Llao Llao near San Carlos de Bariloche in Argentina, from 27 March to 2 April 1968. The site of the Conference adjoining the specta- cular National Park of Nahuel Huapi, the nucleus of which had been presented to the State by a loyal and far-seeing citizen, was commended by all as being ideal for such a gathering. It was organized by IUCN and co-sponsored by UNESCO and FAO, both of whom sent strong delegations, and under the auspices of the Government of the Republic of Argentina, to whom IUCN's thanks are particularly due. The Department of State for Agriculture and Livestock was responsible for the running of the Conference. The success was largely due to the Organizing Committee, under its Chairman Ing. Agr. I.N. Costantino, as well as to the technical skill and hard work of Señ or Carlos E. Firpo, Secretary-General of the Conference and his assistants. It was attended by 155 participants from 13 countries in Latin-America, 4 other countries and 10 international organizations. The Conference provided an opportunity for discussing how best to achieve successful cooperation at the local, national, regional and international levels, to support the growing interest in conservation in Latin-American countries and organizations, and to help promote the wise use of the renew- able natural resources of Latin-America. These resources are valuable for economic, cultural, scientific and recreational purposes, and they affect the quality of life and the natural, environment on which the health and welfare of future generations must depend. The Conference emphasized the similarity of problems in the various States and stressed the need for cooperation, both national and international. This was made evident in a Proclamation known as the Nahuel Huapi Manifesto, which was adopted unanimously at the end of the Conference. This volume in IUCN's New Series contains the Proceedings and Papers of the Conference. Many of the Papers were presented in Spanish and it has not been possible to provide English translations of all. When an English translation was not avail- able, the summary which was prepared at Bariloche and supplied to the participants before the session, is included. A Spanish Edition in which all papers will be included in full will also be published. E.J.H. BERWICK Morges, 10 October 1968 Secretary General IUCN 4 CONTENTS Foreword by the President of the Union 11 The Nahuel Huapi Manifesto 13 Opening Session 1. Adoption of the Agenda 15 2. Election of Officers 15 3. Inaugural addresses : 1. Chairman of the Organising Committee, Ing. Agr. Italo N. Costantino 15 2. Vice-President of IUCN, Dr. F. Fraser Darling 19 3. President of the Conference, Secretary of State for Agriculture and Livestock, Republic of Argentina, Ing. Agr. Rafael Garcia-Mata 24 4. Addresses by the Chairmen of IUCN's Commissions and Representatives of UNESCO and FAO : 1. Commission on Ecology, Prof. F. Bourlière 27 2. Survival Service Commission, Mr. P.M. Scott 36 3. Landscape Planning Commission, Mr. R.J. Benthem 41 4. Commission on Legislation, Mr. W. Burhenne 47 5. Commission on Education, Vice-Chairman of the Commission, Dr. T. Pritchard 54 6. International Commission on National Parks, Prof. J.-P. Harroy 62 7. UNESCO, Dr. J. Garrido 68 8. FAO, Ing. F. Barrientos 73 Commission on Ecology Summary of the Proceedings by Sir Hugh F.I. Elliott 85 5 5. Vampire bats and the danger of rabies : 1. Problems and ecological implications in the control of vampire bats, Dr. A.M. Greenhall 94 2. Vampire and other bats and their conservation, Dr. J.A. Crespo 102 3. Ethology and ecology of vampire bats, Dr. B. Villa-Ramirez 104 4. The relationship of wild animals and rabies, Dr. G. Bijlenga 111 5. Paresiantic and paralytic rabies, Dr. H.E. Gomez 119 6. The Nothofagus Forests : 1. The Nothofagus Forest, Ing. Agr. Correa Luna 119 2. The Nothofagus Forest, Dr. C.M. Pizarro 120 3. Conservation in the Nothofagus Forest zone, Dr. M.W. Holdgate 122 7. Conservation problems of primates : 1. Some problems concerning primates, Prof. F. Diaz de Avila-Pires 132 2. Conservation of primates in Latin-America, Dr. Carl B. Koford 142 3. Problems of Primates, Dr. A.J. Riopelle 146 Survival Service Commission Summary of the Proceedings by Dr. C. Holloway 155 8. Migratory birds : 1. Migratory birds, Dr. C.C. Olrog 158 2. Bird migrations, Dr. H. Sick 159 9. The vicuna in danger of extinction : 1. The vicuna, Dr. J.C. Godoy 160 2. The possibility of managing vicuna for the economic and social development of the Andean High Plateau, Dr. P.V. Pierret 161 10. Marine turtles : 1. Sea turtles - a vanishing asset, Prof. A. Carr 162 6 2. Sea turtles in Mexico, Mr. A.E. Montoya Carbajal 168 11. Orchids in danger of extinction : 1. The disappearance of valuable nature orchids in Latin-America, Dr. M. Ospina Hernandez 168 2. The conservation of Orchids, Dr. C.H. Dodson 170 Commission on Landscape Planning Summary of the Proceedings by Mr. E.J.H. Berwick 171 12. Use and development of recreation areas : 1. Recreation as a type of the wise use of the natural resources in the United States, Dr. L.N. Stevens 176 13. Natural areas in Landscape Planning : 1. Natural areas in Regional Planning, Dr. R.M. Darnell and Mr. R.J. Darnell 185 2. Parks and natural areas in the natural landscape, Dr. Joseph L. Fisher 192 14. Landscape Planning with reference to urban areas : 1. An approach to regional planning in relation to urban areas, Prof. C.A. Carlozzi 199 2. Landscape Planning with reference to urban areas - the position in South-America, Dr. J.E. Hardoy 207 Commission on Legislation Summary of the Proceedings by Dr. F. Guilmin 232 15. The importation, exportation and transit of animals and plants : 1. Import, export and transportation of animals, Mr. T.H. Scott 242 2. Ecological aspects on the import, export and transit of animals and vegetables, Dr. F. Hartwing Carte 249 3. ISPA brief on the international transportation of animals, Mr.