DOCSLIB.ORG

國際光纖海纜工程 International Fiber Optic Submarine Cable Construction 物 理 , 政治 及 技術 之 挑 戰 Physical, Political and Technical Challenges

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
國際光纖海纜工程 International Fiber Optic Submarine Cable Construction 物 理 , 政治 及 技術 之 挑 戰 Physical, Political and Technical Challenges (For Academic Reference Only) i.e. with no direct or indirect business implications 國際光纖海纜工程 International Fiber Optic Submarine Cable Construction 物 理 , 政治 及 技術 之 挑 戰 Physical, Political and Technical Challenges 2014 Contact for further discussion: Professor Peter KC Yu’s [email protected] Public Technical Presentation (For Academic Reference Only) i.e. with no direct or indirect business implications 國 際光 纖 海 纜 基本資料 International Submarine Cables Basic Information Professor Peter KC Yu’s Source: TeleGeography Public Technical Presentation (For Academic Reference Only) i.e. with no direct or indirect business implications 當今 2014 年 : 亞 太 區 之 光 纖 海 纜 圖 .全球有 316** 條海纜 .亞洲有 50+ 條連接世 界 Fiber Optic Submarine Cables in Asia Pacific Region . 22+ 條籌劃興建中 Average Internet Connection Speed * 通 訊 中 心 Telecom Hub 通 訊 中 心 Telecom Hub Average Internet Peak Connection Speed* 通 訊 中 心 Telecom Hub Professor Peter KC Yu’s Public Technical Presentation Source: PCCW * From Akamai’s Report ** From TeleGeography (For Academic Reference Only) i.e. with no direct or indirect business implications 台 灣 光 纖 海 纜 網 絡 圖 (2014) Taiwan Submarine Cable Network 台灣有 4 個海 纜站 Taiwan has 4 cable stations 海 纜 + 淡水 Dan Shui 八里海 纜 站 Submarine cables Ba Li Submarine + 頭城 Tou Cheng Cable Station +八里 Ba Li + 枋山 Fang Shan 淡水海 纜 站 Dan Shui Submarine Cable Station 有 7 條海纜連接世界 頭 城 海 纜 站 has 7 submarine cables connecting the World Tou Cheng Submarine Cable Station + SMW3 South East Asia–Middle East–Western Europe 3 + China-US CN China-US Cable Network + FLAG FEA FLAG Europe Asia + APCN-2 Asia-Pacific Cable Network - 2 枋 山 海 纜 站 Fang Shan Submarine 計劃中: under planning + C2C - EAC City-to-City – East Asia Crossing Cable Station + NCP New Cross Pacific + TSE-1 Taiwan Strait Express Asia Pacific Gateway + SMW5 South East Asia– + APG (最新) Middle East–Western Europe 5 海 纜 Professor Peter KC Yu’s Public Technical Presentation Submarine Source: TeleGeography cables (For Academic Reference Only) i.e. with no direct or indirect business implications 台 灣 光 纖 海 纜 網 連 接 世 界 詳 圖(2014) Detailed Map of Taiwan Submarine Cable Network Connections to the World 最新之 APG Professor Peter KC Yu’s Public Technical Presentation (For Academic Reference Only) i.e. with no direct or indirect business implications 香 港 光 纖 海 纜 網 絡 圖 (2014) Hong Kong Submarine Cable Network 香港有 8 個海 纜站 有香港 有12 條海纜連接世界 +將 軍 澳 ( 3 個) + AAG +南 大 嶼 + APCN + APCN-2 +塘 福 + EAC-C2C +深 水 湾 + FLAG Europe Asia (FEA) +舂 坎 角 + FLAG North Asia Loop (FNAL) +鶴 咀 + SMW3 + TGN-IA + TVH + ASE (最新) + SJC (最新) + APG (最新) 南大 嶼 山 South Lantau 塘 福 Tong Fuk 將 軍 澳 Tseung Kwan O 舂 坎 角 Chung Hom Kok 鶴 咀 Cape D'Aguilar 深 水 湾 Deep Water Bay Professor Peter KC Yu’s Public Technical Presentation (For Academic Reference Only) i.e. with no direct or indirect business implications 海 纜 系 統 -- 簡 單 結 構 圖 Submarine Cable System – A Simple Schematic 海 纜 站 Cable Station 用 户 Customers End Users 在場點 Point of Presence(POP) 海 纜 站 Cable Landing Station (CLS) Cable buried in water depth < 500M 岸邊人孔Beach Man Hole 埋在海床 Buried under seabed 500M 前端電纜 後端電纜 鋪在海床上 Fronthaul Cable Backhaul Cable 海 纜 Submarine Cable Lay on seabed 中繼器/ 分叉器 Repeater/Branching Unit (BU) 水平定向鑽挖 或 關節聯接之鋼管 Horizontal directional drilling (HDD) or Professor Peter KC Yu’s Articulated pipe for Protection Public Technical Presentation (For Academic Reference Only) i.e. with no direct or indirect business implications 海 纜 與 陸 上 網 絡 連 接 (概 念 圖) Submarine Cables interconnection with territorial networks (Conceptual Diagram) 海 纜 站 Backhaul Cable Cable station (with back up) 海 纜 有備份之後端電纜 Submarine (由不同營運商提供) 移動客户 cables Mobile Customers POP 在市區 移動營運商 Mobile Services Provider 本地網絡 （ 最後一里) Local Network (Last Mile) 商務客户 Business Customers 互 聯 網 服 務 供 應 商 家居客户 Residential Customers 海 纜 站 ISP (Internet Services Provider) 海 纜 Cable station Professor Peter KC Yu’s Submarine Public Technical Presentation cables (For Academic Reference Only) i.e. with no direct or indirect business implications 香 港 典 型 之 海 纜 站 與 POP之 連 接 圖 A Typical CLS and POP/NOC in Hong Kong Backhaul Cable POP (環形後端電纜) 在市中心 Deep Water Bay Cable Station 深 水 灣 海 纜 站 Submarine Cable 海 纜 Professor Peter KC Yu’s Public Technical Presentation (For Academic Reference Only) i.e. with no direct or indirect business implications 亞太地區最新之光纖海纜 New Fiber Optic Submarine Cables in the Region SJC – South-east asia Japan Cable System ASE – Asia Submarine-cable Express APG – Asia Pacific Gateway 籌劃中： SCAN + ASSC – Submarine Cable Asia Network + Australia Singapore Submarine Cable NCP – New Cross Pacific Cable SME - 5 – South East Asia–Middle East– Western Europe Cable + 這些新海纜的傳輸速度是 40 或 100 Gb/s APG + 如果是 40 Gb/s光纖海纜，系統設計時已 要求之傳輸速度將來可提升至100 Gb/s Perth ASSC (For Academic Reference Only) i.e. with no direct or indirect business implications 國 際 海 纜 系 統 之 擁 有 者 和 主 要 供 應 商 Owners and Major Suppliers of International Submarine Cable Systems 國 際 海 纜 系 統 通 常 由 電 信 營 運 商 和 跨 國 企 業 共 同 擁 有 Usually jointly owned by Telecom. Operators and Multi-national Enterprises APG 擁 有 者 例 子 Example 遠 程 國 際 海 纜 系 統 之 主 要 供 應 商 Major Suppliers of Long Haul International Submarine Cable Systems Professor Peter KC Yu’s Public Technical Presentation (For Academic Reference Only) i.e. with no direct or indirect business implications 光 纖 海 纜 發 展 歷 ​​史 History of Submarine Cable Development (For Academic Reference Only) i.e. with no direct or indirect business implications 科 技 應 用 之 潮 流 Technology Deployment Trend . 海纜之維修是非常昂貴及費時 Submarine cable repair is very expensive and time consuming . 運營商喜歡採用成 熟之科技 Commercial operators prefer to deploy proven technology . 大部份新建的商用糸統速度是 40 千兆比 Most new commercial systems are 40 Gbit/sec systems . 只有少數之「先驅系統」是 100 千兆比 A few ‘Pioneer’ systems are 100 Gbit/sec systems 「 先 驅 系 統」 ‘Pioneer System’ 「商 業 系 統」 ‘Commercial System’ 现在 Present Source: OIF and Heavy Reading Professor Peter KC Yu’s 「先驅系統」大概要五年多時間才能發展至「商業系統」 Public Technical Presentation (For Academic Reference Only) i.e. with no direct or indirect business implications 第 一 條 及 最 長 的 商 業 100 千 兆 比 系 統 測 試 The First and Longest Commercial 100G Submarine Cable System Trial 新聞公報 Press Release 11 October 2011 商業第一條及最長的100 千兆比系統之成功測試 * Pacific Crossing is a subsidiary of NTT Japan Professor Peter KC Yu’s Public Technical Presentation (For Academic Reference Only) i.e. with no direct or indirect business implications 科 技 之 挑 戰 Technology Challenges ( 100 千兆 比 系 統 ) 科技之挑戰 Technology Challenges 100千 兆 比系 統 .色散(CD) 容忍度降低 100 Gbit/sec* System Chromatic Dispersion (CD) tolerance decreases .偏振模色散 (PMD) 容忍度降低 Polarization Mode Dispersion tolerance decreases 所需之科技改良 傳輸減損補償 .光信噪比 (OSNR**) 容忍度降低 ( ) Technology Improvements Required OSNR tolerance decreases (in Impairments Compensation) .非線性效應容忍度降低 10Gbps 40Gbps 100Gbps Non-linear effects tolerance decreases 色散 CD 1 x16 x100 偏振模色散 PMD 1 x4 x10 光信噪比 ONSR** 1 +6db +10db 10 千兆 比 系 統 10 Gbit/sec System 非線性效應 千兆 比 系 統 40 Gbit/sec System 1 x4 x10 40 Non-linear Effects 9 * Gbit/sec: Giga ( 10 ) bit per second 千 兆 比 Professor Peter KC Yu’s Public Technical Presentation ** OSNR: Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (For Academic Reference Only) i.e. with no direct or indirect business implications 促 成 之 科 技 Enabling Technologies ( 由 40 千兆比 提升 至 100 千兆比系统 from 40 Gb/s to 100 Gb/s system ) CLS 海纜站 Cable Landing Station (CLS) 中繼器 100 千 兆 比 系 統 repeater repeater repeater 100Gbit/sec System 光學接收器 光學放大器 光學發射器 Optical Receiver Optical Amplifier Optical .雙極偏振 Dual Polarization Transmitter . QPSK*調制方案QPSK Modulation Scheme . 優化光學放大器 Enhanced Optical Amplifier . 前向糾錯（FEC）加軟判決譯碼 Forward Error Correction with Soft-Decision Decoding . 傳輸損減的數域均衡 Transmission Impairments Equalization in Digital Domain .數字相干解調 Digital Coherent Demodulation 10 千兆 比 系 統 10Gbit/sec System 40 千兆 比 系 統 40Gbit/sec System *QPSK: Quadrature Phase Shift Keying 正交相移鍵控 Professor Peter KC Yu’s Public Technical Presentation (For Academic Reference Only) i.e. with no direct or indirect business implications 國 際 海 纜 系 統 之 傳 輸 速 率 Transmission Rate of International Submarine Cable . 長程系統 : 實際最多有 8 對 光纖 For Long Haul System practically only has a maximum of 8 fiber pairs . 原因: 受所需的機械強度及中繼器高壓供電所限制 Reasons: limited by the mechanical strength required & high voltage power feed for repeaters . 每條光纖之傳輸速率: Transmission Rate per fiber: 每個光波之傳輸 每條光纖之傳 每條光纖有多少光波 速率 輸速率 No. of wavelengths per fiber x = Tx. Rate per wavelength Tx. Rate per fiber Single Mode Fiber 每秒傳 ~102 每條光纖實際最多傳輸約 96 個光波 x 40 Gb/s* = 3.84 Tb/s** DVD 光碟之内容 about 96 wavelengths per fiber maximum Contents of ~102 DVD disks per sec. 决定於 :Depends on: +長度 length x 100 Gb/s = 9.60 Tb/s + 水下器材 wet plant ( such as OADM) 每秒傳 ~255 DVD 光碟之内容 一仟伍百萬電 話 線 路 Contents of ~255 DVD disks per sec. 15 million telephone circuits 9 * Gbit/sec: Giga ( 10 ) bit per second 千 兆 比 Professor Peter KC Yu’s 12 ** Tbit/sec: Tera ( 10 ) bit per second 千千兆 比 Public Technical Presentation (For Academic Reference Only) i.e.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Creating Trust in Critical Network Infrastructures: Korean Case Study
    INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION ITU WORKSHOP ON Document: CNI/05 CREATING TRUST IN CRITICAL 20 May 2002 NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURES Seoul, Republic of Korea — 20 - 22 May 2002 CREATING TRUST IN CRITICAL NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURES: KOREAN CASE STUDY Creating trust in critical network infrastructures: Korean case study This case study has been prepared by Dr. Chaeho Lim <[email protected]>. Dr Cho is Visiting Professor at the Korean Institute of Advanced Science & Technology, in the Infosec Education and Hacking, Virus Research Centre. This case study, Creating Trust in Critical Network Infrastructures: Korean Case Study, is part of a series of Telecommunication Case Studies produced under the New Initiatives programme of the Office of the Secretary General of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Other country case studies on Critical Network Infrastructures can be found at <http://www.itu.int/cni>. The opinions expressed in this study are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Telecommunication Union, its membership or the Korean Government. The author wishes to acknowledge Mr Chinyong Chong <[email protected]> of the Strategy and Policy Unit of ITU for contributions to the paper. The paper has been edited by the ITU secretariat. The author gratefully acknowledges the generous assistance of all those who have contributed information for this report. In particular, thanks are due to staff of Ministry of Information and Communication and Korean Information Security Agency for their help and suggestions. 2/27 Creating trust in critical network infrastructures: Korean case study TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive summary ......................................................................................................................................................... 4 1. Introduction.............................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Interim Report on the Asian Telecom Connectivity Market
    Asian Telecom Connectivity Market: Executive Summary (Research conducted 2005) The following is a summary of the findings of the Telecommunications Research Project University of Hong Kong NOTE1 The original research was undertaken for a private client in 2005 and the detailed report and recommendations are therefore not publicly available, but the following Executive Summary was made available at the time to companies who provided information and their opinions. In respect of demand and supply, the research goes beyond the data and analysis provided by TeleGeography (an industry benchmark publication) by estimating various rates of growth of demand against estimates of capacity lit and capacity used, thereby projecting various dates of capacity exhaustion. Unity Cable Since this research the 10,000 km Unity Cable connecting Japan and the USA has been announced (2008) consisting of carriers SingTel, Bharti- Airtel and KDDI, together with Internet companies Google, Pacnet and Global Transit (subsidiary of Malaysian network exchange company, AIMS). 1 This Executive Summary also appears as Appendix 2 in John Ure (ed.) Telecommunications Development in Asia, HKU Press, April 2008 1 Asian Telecom Connectivity Market: Executive Summary2 Between June and August 2005, the Telecommunications Research Project (TRP) at the University of Hong Kong undertook an extensive look at the regional bandwidth market. The research study was undertaken with intent to understand both the supply (and pricing) and demand sides of the equation, based upon feedback direct from carriers and experts, on the one hand, and from those directly purchasing bandwidth on the other. It quickly became apparent that the supply and demand of bandwidth represent two distinct stories which, not only are not necessarily in alignment (obvious enough to anyone who has been watching the market over the last 10 years), but are at times quite seriously disconnected in their fundamental drivers.
    [Show full text]
  • KDDI Global ICT Brochure
    https://global.kddi.com KDDI-Global Networks and IT Solutions Networking, Colocation, System Integration around the world BUILDING YOUR BUSINESS TOGETHER KDDI solutions are at the cutting-edge in all fields of information and communications KDDI, a Fortune Global 500 company, is one of Asia’s largest telecommunications providers, with approximately US$48 billion in annual revenue and a proven track record extending over many years and around the world. We deliver all-round services, from mobile phones to fixed-line communications, making us your one-stop solution provider for telecommunications and IT environments. The high praise and trust enjoyed by our TELEHOUSE data centers positioned around the world have kept us at the forefront of service and quality. Since our establishment in 1953, we have expanded our presence into 28 countries and 60 cities, with over 100 offices around the world supporting the success of our international customers through our high quality services. KDDI’s mobile telephone brand “au” has achieved significant market share in Japan, one of the world’s most comprehensive KDDI Quick Facts communications markets. KDDI’s relationship with over 600 carriers worldwide enables us to provide high-quality international network services in over 190 countries. Our exciting ventures, built on extensive experience, include investment in the “South-East Asia Japan 2 Cable”, which connects 11 locations in 9 countries and territories in Asia. Moreover, as the world moves toward the age of IoT and 5G, KDDI is taking steps to promote IoT business, such as connected cars, support for companies engaged in global business, and the creation of new value for our society.
    [Show full text]
  • Broadband Infrastructure in the ASEAN-9 Region
    BroadbandBroadband InfrastructureInfrastructure inin thethe ASEANASEAN‐‐99 RegionRegion Markets,Markets, Infrastructure,Infrastructure, MissingMissing Links,Links, andand PolicyPolicy OptionsOptions forfor EnhancingEnhancing CrossCross‐‐BorderBorder ConnectivityConnectivity Michael Ruddy Director of International Research Terabit Consulting www.terabitconsulting.com PartPart 1:1: BackgroundBackground andand MethodologyMethodology www.terabitconsulting.com ProjectProject ScopeScope Between late‐2012 and mid‐2013, Terabit Consulting performed a detailed analysis of broadband infrastructure and markets in the 9 largest member countries of ASEAN: – Cambodia – Indonesia – Lao PDR – Malaysia – Myanmar – Philippines – Singapore – Thailand – Vietnam www.terabitconsulting.com ScopeScope (cont(cont’’d.)d.) • The data and analysis for each country included: Telecommunications market overview and analysis of competitiveness Regulation and government intervention Fixed‐line telephony market Mobile telephony market Internet and broadband market Consumer broadband pricing Evaluation of domestic network connectivity International Internet bandwidth International capacity pricing Historical and forecasted total international bandwidth Evaluation of international network connectivity including terrestrial fiber, undersea fiber, and satellite Evaluation of trans‐border network development and identification of missing links www.terabitconsulting.com SourcesSources ofof DataData • Terabit Consulting has completed dozens of demand studies for
    [Show full text]
  • Taiwan Earthquake Fiber Cuts: a Service Provider View
    Taiwan Earthquake Fiber Cuts: a Service Provider View Sylvie LaPerrière, Director Peering & Commercial Operations nanog39 – Toronto, Canada – 2007/02/05 www.vsnlinternational.com Taiwan Earthquake fiber cuts: a service provider view Building a backbone from USA to Asia 2006 Asian Backbone | The reconstruction year Earthquake off Taiwan on Dec 26, 2006 The damage(s) Repairing subsea cables Current Situation Lessons for the future www.vsnlinternational.com Page 2 USA to Asia Backbones | Transpac & Intra Asia Cable Systems China-US | Japan-US | PC-1 | TGN-P Combined with Source Flag 2006 APCN-2 C2C EAC FNAL www.vsnlinternational.com Page 3 2006 Spotlight on Asia | Expansion Add Geographies Singapore (2 sites) Tokyo Consolidate presence Hong Kong Upgrade Bandwidth on all Segments Manila Sydney Planning and Design Musts Subsea cables diversity Always favour low latency (RTD …) Improve POP meshing intra-Asia www.vsnlinternational.com Page 4 AS6453 Asia Backbone | Physical Routes Diversity TransPac: C-US | J-US | TGN-P TOKYO Intra-Asia: EAC FNAL | APCN | APCN-2 FLAG FNAL | EAC | SMW-3 Shima EAC J-US HONG KONG EAC LONDON APCN-2 TGN-P APCN-2 Pusan MUMBAI SMW-4 J-US Chongming KUALA APCN-2 PALO ALTO LUMPUR Fangshan MUMBAI CH-US APCN-2 SMW-3 Shantou TIC APCN SMW-3 CH-US LOS ANGELES EAC SINGAPORE APCN-2 EAC LEGEND EXISTING MANILLA IN PROGRESS www.vsnlinternational.com As of December 26 th , 2006 Page 5 South East Asia Cable Systems – FNAL & APCN-2 TOKYO EAC FLAG FNAL Shima EAC J-US HONG KONG EAC LONDON APCN-2 TGN-P APCN-2 Pusan MUMBAI
    [Show full text]
  • DOC-367222A1.Pdf
    PUBLIC NOTICE FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 445 12th STREET S.W. WASHINGTON D.C. 20554 News media information 202-418-0500 Internet: http://www.fcc.gov (or ftp.fcc.gov) TTY (202) 418-2555 Report No. SCL-00284NS Wednesday September 30, 2020 Non-Streamlined Submarine Cable Landing License Applications Accepted For Filing Unless otherwise specified, the following procedures apply to the applications listed below: The applications listed below have been found, upon initial review, to be acceptable for filing. Pursuant to the Submarine Cable Landing License Act, 47 U.S.C. §§ 34-39, and Executive Order No. 10530, reprinted as amended in 3 U.S.C. § 301, each applicant seeks: (a) the grant of a cable landing licensee; (b) the modification of a cable landing license; and/or (c) the assignment or transfer of control of an interest in a submarine cable landing license. These applications are not subject to the streamlined processing procedures set forth in Section 1.767 of the Commission's rules, 47 CFR § 1.767. Filings relating to this application must be received within 14 days of this notice. Ex parte communications between outside parties and Commission staff concerning these applications are permitted subject to the Commission's rules for "permit-but-disclose proceedings." See 47 C.F.R. § 1.1206. These applications are being coordinated with the Department of State and other Executive Branch agencies pursuant to section 1.767(b) of the Commission's rules, 47 C.F.R. §1.767(b), and consistent with procedures established with the Department of State. See Review of Commission Consideration of Applications under the Cable Landing License Act, IB Docket No.
    [Show full text]
  • Joufsofu!Lpsfb
    Attachment 5 XIJUF!QBQFS! JOUFSOFU!LPSFB As the leading agency for national informatization, the National Computerization Agency provides policies and state of the art technology that will guide us to the successful construction of e-Korea. For more than ten the people of National Computerization Agency(NCA) have kept helping the public and private sector to make the best of new and exciting opportunities brought by information and communication technology all over the country. N ational Computerization Age n cy Ministry of Inform ation and Communication XIJUF!QBQFS! JOUFSOFU!LPSFB As the leading agency for national informatization, the National Computerization Agency provides policies and state of the art technology that will guide us to the successful construction of e-Korea. For more than ten the people of National Computerization Agency(NCA) have kept helping the public and private sector to make the best of new and exciting opportunities brought by information and communication technology all over the country. Message From the Minister Korea has established a world-class information and communication infrastructure thanks to the joint efforts of the government and private sectors to build an IT powerhouse during the 1990s. Korea's leading infrastructure in the information and communication sector has enabled Korea to achieve unprecedented developments in all areas including political, economic, social and cultural spheres. As of the end of 2003, 11.18 million households - more than 73% of the total number of households - subscribed to broadband Internet and 29.22 million people - 66% of the total population - had access to the Internet. According to the "ITU 2003 Internet Report," Korea ranks first in terms of broadband Internet penetration rate, has the third largest population of Internet users, and has the fourth highest PC penetration rate in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Internet Traffic Expansion Submarine Cable
    ntt.com Internet traffic expansion submarine cable May, 2017 NTT Communications Corporation Kohei Kitade Transform your business, transcend expectations with our technologically advanced solutions. Copyright © NTT Communications Corporation. All rights reserved. 1 1. About NTT Copyright © NTT Communications Corporation. All rights reserved. 2 1-1.Introduction of NTT group One of the world’s largest ICT companies (Consolidated revenue of approximately 11.5 trillion JPY) 100% 100% 100% 100% 54.2% 66.2% Long distance & international System and Regional communication, Managed ICT Application Mobile communications ICT Solutions infrastructure integration communications Results for FY2015*1 NTT Europe Operating Revenues : JPY 1,319.1B NTT Com Group Employees*2 NTT America Total : Approx. 21,700 NTT Singapore Global Deployment*2 Ø Offices in 43 countries/regions, 120 cities Other Overseas Subsidiaries Ø Global Network Service in 196 countries/regions Ø Global Tier-1 IP backbone provider, one of the largest in Asia Ø Over 140*3 data centers, strong increase in Asia/US/Europe *In FY2015 *1 Ended on March 31, 2016 *2 As of the end of March 2016 *3 Including planned DC Copyright © NTT Communications Corporation. All rights reserved. 3 1-2. Introduction of NTT Communications Enhance capabilities to fulfill Global Cloud Vision through M&A activities Service Area EMEA US APAC Managed ICT Managed Security Cloud-based Applications Data Center/ Cloud Network / VoIP Copyright © NTT Communications Corporation. All rights reserved. 4 2. Cable expansion over the globe Copyright © NTT Communications Corporation. All rights reserved. 5 2-1. Global Cable systems overview Currently operating 8.7Tbps* of communication cables in total across the globe * Terabit per sec Total Capacity of US – Japan: Total Capacity of 2.4Tbps Asia – Japan: 4.5Tbps * As of June 2016 Copyright © NTT Communications Corporation.
    [Show full text]
  • AJC Pacific Region
    Alaska United East North Star Alaska United West CANADA RUSSIA Vancouver Ulaanbaatar Seattle MONGOLIA Hillsboro TGN Pacific TGN Pacific PC-1 Sapporo PC-1 Bandon TGN Pacific TGN Pacific TPC 5 TPC 5 NORTH China-US China-US UNITED STATES Beijing KOREA Japan-US Japan-US Point Arena Pyongyang Southern Cross San Francisco SOUTH JAPAN San Jose Incheon Seoul KOREA Maruyama Taejeon Shima Tokyo CHINA Pusan S9 San Luis Obispo Osaka Los Angeles Hiroshima S10 San Diego EAC S8 PC-1 Shanghai China-US MEXICO BHUTAN Japan-US Thimphu PAC Japan-US Taipei TPC 5 BANGLADESH S7 Southern Cross Dhaka TPC 5 TAIWAN Hong Kong FLAG/ReachAPCN-2 North Asia MYANMAR Honolulu Hanoi LAOS VIETNAM Vientiane Rangoon THAILAND TPC 5 T-V-H Manila S6 Bangkok APC GUAM Malaysia-Thailand CAMBODIA Tangussion S5 Southern Cross Phnom Penh Tata Indicom Tumon Bay SeaMeWe-4 PHILIPPINES S4 Southern Cross APCN C2C APCN-2 Australia-JapanMICRONESIA Cable FLAG Europe-Asia PALAU BRUNEI SeaMeWe-3 MALAYSIA Bandar Seri SAFE Kuala Lumpur Dumai-Melaka Begawan KIRIBATI Cable System MALAYSIA SINGAPORE TIS KIRIBATI APCN PAPUA NEW SOLOMAN S3 Jakarta INDONESIA GUINEA ISLANDS EAST TIMOR Dili Port Moresby Honaira WESTERN JASURAUS SAMOA AMERICAN SAMOA FRENCH POLYNESIA VANUATU FIJI Suva NEW Port Hedland CALEDONIA TONGA Noumea AUSTRALIA SeaMeWe-3 Brisbane Southern Cross Perth Oxford Falls Sydney S2 Paddington Canberra Southern Cross S1 Melbourne Auckland Bass Strait 2 Wellington CONNECTING AUSTRALIA, ASIA AND NORTH AMERICA NEW ZEALAND www.ajcable.com Map designed by TeleGeography Research (www.telegeography.com).
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Impactsof Submarine Fiber Optic Cables and Broadband
    Economic Impacts of Submarine Fiber Optic Cables and Broadband Connectivity in Malaysia Working Paper 0214363.202.9 September 2020 Prepared by Alan C. O’Connor Benjamin Anderson Alice Olive Brower Sara E. Lawrence Sponsored by RTI International 3040 E. Cornwallis Road EconomicResearch Impacts Triangle of Submarine Park, NC, Fiber USA Optic Cables and Broadband Connectivity in Malaysia | Page 1 Economic Impacts of Submarine Fiber Optic Cables and Broadband Connectivity in Malaysia HOW DO SUBSEA CABLES GENERATE ECONOMIC IMPACT? Subsea cables are the global backbone of the Internet, connecting people, businesses, and economies around the world. They connect us to the cloud, deliver streaming video, and increase efficiency and productivity for business. Subsea cables’ importance is all the more apparent during the Covid19 pandemic when many of us have switched to working from home, remote learning, and online gaming and entertainment. We studied the economic impacts from subsea cables that arrived in Malaysia several years ago to understand how they changed the economy. The results show the large impact subsea cables have had. Subsea Consumers Economic Impacts cables arrive Internet speed increases • Jobs • GDP Existing consumers enjoy The last wave of subsea better speeds, increasing $ cable landings led to their consumption of Price per data digital content, products, unit decreases and services. New firms and startups emerge to $ serve consumers and businesses (e.g., Grab, iflix) 3.6% Some consumers decide increase in employment in to subscribe
    [Show full text]
  • Digital Review of Asia Pacific 2007-2008
    Total population 46,846,823 (CIA July 2006) GDP per capita USD 16,291 Key economic sectors Services Computers per 100 inhabitants 53.2 Fixed-line telephones 57 (2004) per 100 inhabitants Mobile phone subscribers 79.4 (ITU 2005) per 100 inhabitants . Internet users 74.8 (NIDA December 2006) per 100 inhabitants Domain names registered 784,199 (NIDA March 2007) under kr' South Korea Broadband subscribers 26.4 (OECD June 2006) per 100 inhabitants Jong Sung Hwang and Jihyun Jun Technology infrastructure In the early 1980s, South Korea (referred to as Korea in this International submarine fibre optic cable connects different chapter) was a developing nation at best. For example, the wire countries across national boundaries to enable mass data trans- phone penetration ratio was a mere 7.2 per cent in 1980 (MIC fer over a long distance at dozens of Thps. Submarine cable 2003). To upgrade its telecommunication infrastructure, the switching stations are located in seven areas (Busan, Geoje, Korean government imported electronic switches from overseas Goheung, Namhae, Hosan, Wooleung and Taeahn) and the as a transitional alternative, but embarked on a local electronic country is now connected to 10 international submarine fibre switch (TDX- 1) development project in 1981. Five years later, optic cables (APCN, APCN-2, CUCN, C2C, EAC, FEA, etc.) Korea became the 10th electronic switch-producing nation and whose aggregate capacity equals around 19 Thps. finally succeeded in improving the phone penetration ratio to Thanks to a series of advances in the evolution and an average of one phone per household in 1987. penetration of IT network services, Korea is now at a critical As Internet connection service debuted in 1994 and juncture toward active utilization of ubiquitous IT technologies.
    [Show full text]
  • ITU-Dstudygroups
    ITU-D Study Groups Study period 2018-2021 Broadband development and connectivity solutions for rural and Question 5/1 Telecommunications/ remote areas ICTs for rural and remote areas Executive summary This annual deliverable reviews major backbone telecommunication Annual deliverable infrastructure installation efforts and approaches to last-mile connectivity, 2019-2020 describes current trends in last-mile connectivity and policy interventions and recommended last-mile technologies for use in rural and remote areas, as well as in small island developing States (SIDS). Discussions and contributions made during a workshop on broadband development in rural areas, held in September 2019, have been included in this document, which concludes with two sets of high-level recommendations for regulators and policy-makers, and for operators to use as guidelines for connecting rural and remote communities. 1 More information on ITU-D study groups: E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +41 22 730 5999 Web: www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/study-groups ITU -D Study Groups Contents Executive summary 1 Introduction 3 Trends in telecommunication/ICT backbone infrastructure 4 Last mile-connectivity 5 Trends in last-mile connectivity 6 Business regulatory models and policies 7 Recommendations and guidelines for regulators and policy-makers 8 Recommendations and guidelines for operators 9 Annex 1: Map of the global submarine cable network 11 Annex 2: Listing of submarine cables (A-Y) 12 2 More information on ITU-D study groups: E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +41 22 730 5999 Web: www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/study-groups ITU -D Study Groups Introduction The telecommunications/ICT sector and technologies have evolved over a long period of time, starting with ancient communication systems such as drum beating and smoke signals to the electric telegraph, the fixed telephone, radio and television, transistors, video telephony and satellite.
    [Show full text]