Penitentiary Patriots: Upper Canada Rebellion, 1838, James Nickalls Report
PENITENTIARY PATRIOTS: UPPER CANADA REBELLION, 1838, JAMES NICKALLS REPORT Cell door from the Kingston Penitentiary (Photo © Linda Corupe) By Brian Latham & Linda Corupe, U.E. i In the aftermath of the 1837-1838 rebellion in Upper Canada, the government was faced with over 800 political prisoners. Some were held for only a few days, while others were dealt with more harshly. Of the latter group, a few men were sent to serve time in the Provincial Penitentiary at Kingston. Most received sentences of 3 years, with banishment at the end of that time. George Buck, and Murdoch McPhadden were sentenced to just the 3 years, with no banishment following. Erastus Warner and Jesse Doan received sentences of 14 and 7 years respectively. None of these men was required to serve out their full sentences. While these men were serving their time, James Nickalls, President of the Board of Inspectors for the Provincial Penitentiary, was informed by Sheriff McDonnell that His Excellency, the Lieutenant Governor, wished interviews to be conducted into the circumstances and conditions of life for these prisoners. Nickalls complied, asking each man a series of sixteen standardized questions. Of those interviewed, eight were born in the United States, six in Scotland, only two in Upper Canada and one each in England and Ireland. Their ages ranged from 17 to 48, average 33, and their time in the Canadas ranged from 2 to 43 years, with an average of 18½. It is not known how representative they were of all the prisoners. On August 29, 1838, Nickalls transmitted the interviews of these eighteen men, which are now preserved in the collection of Upper Canada Sundries, microfilm C-6901, at both Library and Archives Canada, and the Ontario Archives in diffusion material.
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