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Index

Abu Ghraib, 158 “Arab spring”, 67 , 176 Aceh, Indonesia, 70 Arab uprisings 2011, 4 , 57 al-Adnani, Abu Muhammad 103 , 172 Arab world, 56 Afghanistan, 3 , 7 , 24 , 27 , 30 , 35 , 86 , 91 , 103 , Arabic- language countermessaging, 175 105 , 109 , 110 , 112 , 115 , 151 , 158 , 159 , 173 archeological sites, 97 Africa Check, 83 Arquilla, John, 113 African Muslims, 150 As Sahab , 12 , 115 African Union Mission in Somalia Asharq Al- Awsat, 59 (AMISOM), 86 , 106 Ashton Carter, 138 Ahmari, Sohrab, 76 Asma Lamrabet, 164 Ahrar al- Sham (“Free People of the Levant”), 153 Asrar al-Dardashah (Secrets of the Chat), 121 aid programs, 31 , 168 , 169 Assad, 152 airlines’ computer reservation systems, 142 assassination, 113 airplane hijackings, 76, 88 , 111 assimilation, 43 Ajaka, Nadine, 62 atrocities, 130 al-Ajmi, Hajjaj, 127 attitudes toward IS, 58 Al Arabiya, 22 Atwan, Abdel Bari, 52 , 93 , 97 Al-Assad, Bashar, 79 , 88 auctions, 127 Al Bayan , 119 Austria, 150 Al Jazeera, 67 , 115 al-Awlaki, Anwar 39 , 155 Al Manar, 22 , 89 Al Neda, 112 Babu, Dal, 133 alahednews , 89 Bach-Lombardo, Jordan, 128 Albright, Madeleine 64 , 65 “backdoor” access, 141 Algeria, 105 , 171 Baghdad, 165 algorithm, 140 Al- Baghdadi, Abu Bakr, 26 , 90 Al- Khanssaa Brigade, 99 Bahasa Indonesia, 151 “All Religion Will Be for Allah,” 116 Bakr, Haji, 90 Allison, Graham, 147 Bali, 28 Amaq News Agency, 108 , 119 Bangladesh, 136 , 144 , 169 Amazon, 136 Bangsamoro Islamic Liberation Fighters, 168 American Revolution, 85 Barira, 168 American Sniper , 122 Baton Rouge, Louisiana 7 Amin, Ali, 125 “battlei eld of media”, 118 AMISOM. See African Union Mission in BBC, 41 , 132 Somalia Begin, Menachem, 19 Android, 121 beheading, 102 anti- Arab sentiment, 42 Beirut, 4 , 62 anti- Muslim sentiment. See Islamophobia Belgium, 80 , 146 , 176 antiquities, 126 Ben Ali, Zine el-Abidine, 67 Apple, 141 , 142 Benghazi, 81 AQAP, 30 , 79 Berg, Nicholas, 116 X AQIM, 78 , 81 Bergen, Peter, 37 181

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182 Index

Bin Laden, Osama, 3 , 5 , 9 , 11 , 12 , 17 , 19 , 20 , civil liberties, 140 , 141 , 161 26 , 28, 47 , 78 , 86 , 89 , 91 , 105 , 109 , 112 , Clarke, Colin, 174 115 , 122 , 142 , 152 , 157 “clash of civilizations,” 50 , 62 , 164 biological weapons, 148 The Clash of Civilizations and the Birmingham, UK, 133 Remaking of World Order , 50 Bitcoin, 154 “clash of Islams”, 164 Black September, 75 “clear, hold, and build”, 129 Blinken, Anthony, 176 Cold War, 2 , 17 , 35 , 174 Blue Mosque, 6 U.S.S. Cole , 34 Boko Haram, 7 , 10 , 25 – 27 , 69 , 78 , 82 – 85 , Colorado Springs Planned Parenthood clinic 101 , 102 , 150 , 174 attack, 7 , 37 , 49 borders, 54 combat footage, 116 Borno, 85 Combating Terrorism Center (CTC), 102 Boston Marathon bombing, 1 , 20 , 148 computer worm, 139 Bouazizi, Mohamed, 67 Conrad, Joseph, 75 brand, 77 , 78 , 80 , 174 contractors, 131 , 136 Breivik, Anders, 49 Cook, Tim, 141 Brexit, 51 “copycat” actions, 40 “Bring Back Our Girls”, 82 “countering violent extremism” (CVE), British Council, 167 3 , 21, 32 British government, 25 , 131 , 132 counterinsurgency, 83 , 129 British Muslims, 131 , 132 countermessaging, 137 Brussels, 4 , 41 , 76 , 108 , 120 , 146 , 165 counter- narratives, 137 Buddhists, 49 counterterrorism, x , 2 , 3 , 21 , 22 , 31 , 43 , 50 , “burkini”, 56 74 , 78 , 81, 84 , 128 , 131 , 133 , 135 – 37 , 146 , Burundi, 86 148 , 149 , 154 , 155 , 161 , 162 , 166 Bush,George W., 21 , 30 , 47 , 55 , 146 , 178 couriers, 122 courts, 93 Call of Duty , 122 covert propaganda, 131 Callimachi, Rukmini, 124 credit card fraud, 127 Cameron, David, 130 credibility, 131 , 134 , 166 Cameroon, 27 , 83 Crenshaw, Martha, 23 Camstoll Group, 126 crowdfunding, 127 Catholicism, 49 , 60 Crusades, 46 , 47 cellphones, 121 , 138 , 141 Cuba, 158 censorship, 141 Cuban Missile Crisis, 174 Central Asia, 145 , 151 CVE. See countering violent extremism Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 146 , 147 cyber warfare, 138 , 139 , 148 Chad, 27 , 83 cybersecurity, 114 Chad Basin, 82 cyberspace, 119, 120 , 129 , 138 Charleston, South Carolina, 37 chat apps, 120 Da’esh. See Islamic State Chatham House, 170 Dabiq , 56 , 119 , 122 Chechnya, 151 Dallas, 7 chemical weapons, 148 Dar es Salaam, 34 Cheney, Dick, 158 , 159 “dark web”, 154 , 175 Chibok, Nigeria, 82 , 101 “dead drop”, 113 children, 56 , 100 , 101 “deep web”, 154 China, 139 , 174 Democratic Republic of Congo, 42 Christianity, 46 , 49 , 52 , 53 , 88 Der Sturmer , 156

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Index 183

desertions, 123 Ford, Theresa, 49 designated foreign terrorist organizations, 25 Foreign Affairs , 50 diaspora, 119 foreign aid, See aid programs “dirty bomb”, 146 foreign i ghters, 102 , 104 Doel-4 nuclear power reactor, 146 foreign investment, 111 Domestic Terrorists, 7 , 36 Fort Hood, Texas, 1 Dreazan, Yochi, 81 framing, 23 , 60 drones, 31 , 32 , 39 , 52 , 107 , 139 , 147 , 150 , France, 28 , 42 , 51 , 56 , 62 , 80 – 82 , 104 , 155 , 159 , 160 144 , 153 Druze, 88 fundraising, 126

East Africa, 169 Gall, Carlotta, 27 Eastern Europe, 151 gatekeepers, 112 , 115 eBay, 127 Gaza, 7 Economic Council, 93 Geneva Conventions, 158 The Economist , 24 , 96 geocodes, 149 education, 74 , 103 geo- proi ling, 148 Education Council, 93 George Washington University, 125 Egypt, 110 , 130 , 171 Germany, 40 , 42 , 75 , 103 , 104 electrical and communications grids, 148 Ghannouchi, Rached, 73 “electronic communication transactional Ghattas, Kim, 66 records”, 160 Global Coalition to Counter ISIL, 96 email, 161 Global Engagement Center, 133 Emont, Jon, 70 Global Islamic Media Front, 113 , 121 encryption, 120 , 121 , 138 , 141 Global Positioning System (GPS), 149 entertainment media, 20 Global Terrorism Database, 82 Estonia, 150 “Global ”, 3 , 21 Ethiopia, 86 Goebbels, Joseph, 156 Europe, 53 , 153 , 164 Google, 123 , 136 , 154 European Union, 142 Graham, David, 62 European views of Muslims, 58 Graham, Lindsey, 62 executing prisoners, 52 , 71 , 100 , 104 Guantanamo, 158 execution images, 122 The Guardian, 61 , 131 “extremist behavior”, 162 Gulf Cooperation Council, 130 Gulf States, 79 , 99 Facebook, 38 , 62, 126 , 127 , 132 , 136 , 155 Fahmy, Nabil, 176 Habila, Helon, 85 Fahmy, Shahira, 122 hackers, 138 Fallujah, 144 Hadith, 49 Farook, Syed Rizwan, 37 Hamas, 7 , 25 , 40 Farr, Thomas, 65 handwritten messages, 122 Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 38 , Haqqani network, 7 141 , 142 , 160 , 161 “hate rock”, 156 federal hate crime, 37 Hehir, Bryan, 64 Fidler, David, 129 Help for Syria, 132 i lmmakers, 136 “Heroes of Fallujah”, 116 i ltering, 126 Hezbollah, 22 , 62 , 78 , 88 , 89 “i nancial jihad”, 126 hijacking airplanes, 34 , 76 First World War, 54 , 80 Hindu- Muslim tensions, 53 Ford, Robert, 152 Hindus, 27 , 80

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184 Index

“Hijrah [Emigrate] to the Islamic State: Islam, 7 , 8 , 46 – 53 , 55 , 57 , 61 , 66 – 68 , 71 , 112 , What to Pack, Who to Contact, Where to 124 , 151 , 155 , 157 , 163 – 165 , 173 , 178 Go”, 124 Islamic law, 29 Hitler, Adolf, 156 Islamic Services Council, 93 Hizb ut- Tahrir, 71 Islamic State (IS), ix , x, 1, 4 , 5 , 7, 9 – 12 , 15 , Hoffman, Bruce, 114 18 , 22 , 25 , 26 , 35 , 39 , 44 , 50 , 55 , 56 , 58 , “Holy war”, 16 59 , 66 , 69 , 71 , 77 – 79 , 82 , 89 , 90 , 92 , 93 , “Homegrown Violent Extremists,” 36 95 , 102 – 105 , 108 , 117 – 119 , 122 , 123 , 126 , “home- grown” terrorist, 12 128 , 129, 131 , 132 , 134 , 136 , 138 , 139 , Hooper, Robert, 136 143 – 147, 149 , 151 , 154 – 156 , 160 , 165 , 166 , Horton, Michael, 29 168 , 169 , 171 – 175 , 177 hostage-takers, 15 and the Levant (ISIL). How to Survive in the West: A Mujahid See Islamic State Guide , 39 Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). See Huffington Post , 156 Islamic State Huntington, Samuel P., 50 , 51 , 54 Islamic State’s GDP, 96 Hussein, Saddam, 5 , 36 , 90 , 93 , 101 Islamic teaching, 71 Islamic University of Medina, 69 “identity drift”, 44 Islamophobia, x , 42 , 55 , 56 , 69 , 74 , 177 immigration, 51 , 66 , 81 isotopes, 147 Impl.Project, 167 , 168 Israel, 35 , 40 , 49 , 75 , 88 , 110 , 112 Independent University, Bangladesh, 136 Istanbul, 4 , 6 , 151 , 165 India, 26 , 49 , 53 , 80 , 150 Italy’s Red Brigade, 60 Indonesia, 7 , 14 , 25 , 26 , 28 , 69 – 71 , 73 , 151 Jabado, May, 165 information and communication Jabhat al-Nusra, 78 , 79 , 103 technologies (ICTs), 139 Jabhat Fatah al-Sham (Front for the infrastructure, 93 Conquest of the Levant), 152 Instagram, 126 , 127 , 136 Jabhat Fateh al-Sham, 79 Institution for Public Information, 93 “Jack Bauer”, 63 insurgency, ix , 5 , 7 , 84 , 85 Jakarta, Indonesia, 28 “insurgent journalism.”, 87 Japan, 158 intelligence, 90 , 103 , 104, 121 , 135 , 137 , 154 Jemaah Anshorut Tauhid, 25 International Center for Religion and Jemaah Islamiya, 7 , 28 Diplomacy (ICRD), 72 Jenkins, Brian Michael, 24 International Crisis Group, 77 Jerusalem, 19, 46 , 157 “internet of things”, 157 jihad , 48 , 113 , 114 iPhone, 141 , 142 “Jihad , Martyrdom, and the Killing iPhone operating system, 141 of Innocents”, 49 Iran, 10 , 13 , 88 , 89 , 139 , 174 jihadism, 174 Iraq, 4 , 5 , 13 , 15 , 24 , 35 , 36 , 63 , 77 , 80 , 90 , jihadist , 48 , 156 94 , 105 , 108 , 112 , 144 , 145 , 149 , 152 , jihadist chants, 119 159 , 172 Johns Hopkins University, 83 , 4 , 48 Johnston, Douglas, 72 Irgun, 19 Jordan, 42 , 123 , 164 , 171 Irish Republican Army (IRA), 60 journalists, 112 IS. See Islamic State Judaism, 53 IS governance structure, 94 Juergensmeyer, Mark, 173 IS taxation system, 93 ISIS in America: From Retweets to Kabul, 60 Raqqa , 125 Kadyrov, Ramzan, 151

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Kennedy, John F., 167 Marechal- Le Pen, Marion, 51 Kenya, 86 , 87 , 106 , 150 Marshall, Jennifer, 65 Khan,Mohammed Sidique, 43 , 44 Mauritania, 81 Khatib, Lina, 89 Mayer, Jane, 63 al-Khlifawi, Samir Abd Muhammad, 90 McGurk, Brett, 96 Khobar Towers bombing, 88 McVeigh, Timothy, 20 Khouri, Rami, 33 Media Tenor, 60 kidnapping, 97 , 101 , 102 Meier, Golda, 75 kinetic force, 104 Melki, Jad, 165 King David Hotel, 19 messaging, 128 Knights Templar, 46 Mexican drug cartels, 60 Kupchan, Charles, 51 “Middle East”, 54 Kurdistan, 5 , 105, 172 , 119 migration, 54 Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK), 7 Miller, Aaron David, 175 Kuwait, 127 Military Council, 93 military operations, 105 Laachroui, Najim, 120 Mindanao, Philippines, 151 , 168 Lalami, Laila, 66 Ministry of Defense, 131 Lashkar-e- Taibah, 127 Mobile Encryption Program, 121 law enforcement, 154 mobile phones, 121 Lebanon, 42 , 57 , 62 , 88 , 164 “Mogadishu: The Crusader’s Graveyard”, 86 Le Pen, Marine, 51 Momani, Bessma, 57 Leros, Greece, 41 Monaco, Lisa, 135 Lesaca, Javier, 123 money- exchange offices, 96 Lewis, Bernard, 50 “Moral Police”, 93 Lewiston, Maine, 177 Moro Islamic Liberation Front, 168 Libya, 4 , 26 , 32 , 81 , 94 , 95 , 98 , 103 , 105 , Morocco, 68 , 105 , 171 149 , 150 , 159 Mosul, Iraq, 1 , 4 , 5 , 44 , 78 , 92 , 96 , 97 , 105 , Liepman, Andrew, 174 144 , 172 “Lion Cubs”, 101 Mount Sinjar, 100 list of foreign terrorist organizations, 7 movies, 63 London, 43, 175 Muaskar al-Battar (Camp of the Sword), 113 London attacks (2005), 34 mujaheddin media, 117 “lone wolf”, 1 , 39 , 40 , 155 “Mujahideen Secrets”, 155 The Looming Tower , 78 multilingual videos, 119 Lugar, Richard, 147 Muslim Americans, 125 , 134 Lumpkin, Michael, 134 – 136 Muslim athletes, 132 Muslim Brotherhood, 70 madrasas , 8 , 69, 72 Muslim clerics, 132 Madrid, 34 , 175 Muslim Council of Britain, 133 Maher, Shiraz, 43 Muslim victimization, 125 mainstream news media, 88 , 117 Muslim world, 22 , 54 , 74 , 178 Malaysia, 28 , 69, 151 Muslims, 27 , 29 , 49 , 50 , 52 , 53 , 56 , 64 , male bonding, 122 66 – 68 , 80 , 88 , 99 , 109 , 113, 129 , 134 , 150, Mali, 81 , 82 , 176 151 , 153 , 156 , 162 , 164 , 165 , 173 , 178. Malik, Tashfeen, 37 See Islam malnutrition, 85 Myanmar, 49 , 69 Maalouf, Amin, 46 , 59 The , 52 Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), 71 Mandate for Palestine, 19 Nairobi, 34 , 87 mapping software, 148 Najj, Abu Bakr, 52

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Nakashima, Ellen, 161 online fundraising, 126 “naming opportunities”, 127 online messaging, 87 narrative, 23 operating systems, 121 Nasrallah, Hassan, 88 Operation Wrath of God, 75 National Counterterrorism Center, 37 , 177 Orlando, Florida, attack (2016), 165 National Front (FN), 51 Orwell, George, 162 National Security Agency (NSA), 37 , 157 , 162 Packer, George, 177 national security letter (NSL), 161 , 162 Pakistan, 3, 26 , 52 , 53 , 72 , 73 , 80 , 109 , NATO, 13 , 129 146 , 159 natural gas, 94 , 98 Palestine, 75 , 171 NBC News, 102 Palestinian suicide bombings, 110 neo- Nazis, 156 Palestinians, 20 , 40 , 49 , 76 Netherlands, 150 Parents’ Television Council, 63 networks, 26 , 78 , 90 , 91 , 138 Paris attacks (2015), 4 , 37 , 41 , 44 , 61 , 62 , New York City, 147, 175 120 , 165 New York Times , 103 , 124 Passenger Name Record (PNR), 142 New Yorker , 23 PayPal, 127 news broadcasts, 117 Peace Corps, 167 news coverage, 20 , 22 , 23 , 90 , 108 , 111 Pearl Harbor, 158 news media, 22 , 23 , 44 , 111 , 129 personal information, 141 news releases, 119 pesantren , 73 Nice, France, 4 , 157 Peshawar, Pakistan, 73 Niger, 27 , 69 , 83 , 150 Peshmerga, 5 , 105 Nigeria, 7 , 14 , 26 , 69 , 82 , 84 , 85 Petraeus, David, 129 9/ 11 attacks, 1 , 13 , 26 , 34 , 40 , 55, 76 , 78 , 89 , Pew Research Center, 52 , 57 , 58 , 70 , 164 95 , 109 , 147 , 152 , 158 Philippines, 151 , 168 9/11 Commission, 40 “PhotoDNA”, 155 1972 Munich Olympic Games, 75 Planned Parenthood, 7 , 37 1991 Gulf War, 47 political reform, 84 1993 New York attack, 34 political speech, 141 Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs), Pope Francis, 60 134 , 136 Popular Commission in Support of the North Korea, 174 Syrian Revolution, 127 Northern Ireland, 26 , 49 popular culture, 64 Norway, 49 population, 52 , 54 , 56 , 59 , 69 nuclear material, 145 post- traumatic stress disorder, 109 nuclear terrorism, 146 , 148 Prevent, 132 , 162 Nunn, Sam, 147 preventive warfare, 158 Nur a- Din, 46 Principles of Administration , 96 prisoners of war, 158 Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 146 prisons, 69, 153 Obama, Barack, 3 , 21 , 27, 30 , 31 , 133 , 135 , Pritchard, Stephen, 61 141 , 147 , 150 , 159 , 178 privacy, 133 , 142 , 160 , 162 Ogunlesi, Tolu, 27 propaganda, 24 , 93 , 122 , 154 oil, 94 , 96 – 98 “propaganda war”, 130 Oklahoma City Federal Building attack, 20, Prophet Mohammed, 48 , 49 , 72 37 , 148 Proscribed Terrorist Organizations, 25 online browsing data, 136 Prosperous Justice Party, 70 online communities, 44 , 124 “The Protectors of the Sanctuary”, 115 online conversations, 130 Protestantism, 49 , 60

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psychological impact, 147 San Bernardino attack (2015), 37 , 38 , 40 , psychology of recruitment, 125 49 , 141 public diplomacy, 9 , 14 , 135 , 166 , 168 , sanctions, 140 170 – 172 Sardar, Ziauddin, 48 Sarfo, Harry, 103 , 104 Qaddai , Muammar, 94 satellite dishes, 129 Al Qaeda, ix , 3 , 5 , 15 , 25 – 29 , 31 , 34 , 35 , 44 , Saudi Arabia, 57 , 67 , 69 , 88 , 99 , 102 , 118 , 47 , 50, 55 , 59 , 78 – 80 , 86 , 90 – 92 , 95 , 103 , 130 , 144 109 , 112 – 115, 117 , 119 , 121 , 127 , 130 , Sawt al- Jihad (), 114 132 , 144– 147 , 151 – 154 , 157 , 158 , 166 , Scheuer, Michael, 112 174 , 175 SCK- CEN nuclear facility, 146 Al Qaeda in Iraq (AQI), 4, 9 , 12 , 79 , 116 , Seal Team Six, 105 152 , 173 The Secret Agent , 75 Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP), The Siege, 63 9 , 26 , 29 , 78 , 86 self- radicalization, 40 Al Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent (AQIS), Senegal, 81 , 150 , 176 9 , 26, 78 , 150 sensationalism, 61 Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), 9 , service providers, 127 26 , 30, 78 , 81 Sewall, Sarah, 21 , 32 Quilliam Foundation, 98 al- Shabaab, 7 , 78 , 86 , 87 , 102 , 106 , 145 , Qur’an, 48 , 49 , 57 , 71 , 72 , 93 , 100 , 102 , 150 , 169 129 , 151 Shapiro, Jacob, 95 , 96 Shariah, 58 , 70 , 94 , 103 , 153 radicalization, 43 , 69, 149 , 153 , 154 , 162 Shariah Council, 93 radioisotopes, 146 Shekau, Abubakar, 83 Raghavan, Sudarsan, 94 Shia, 9 , 54 , 88 , 105 , 130 , 145 RAND, 42 , 130 Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia, 67 Raqqa, Syria 1 , 92 , 144 Sirte, Libya, 94 , 95 Al- Rashad, Abdul Rahman, 59 skinheads, 156 Real Irish Republican Army, 7 Slate , 62 recruiting, 12, 84 , 99 , 102 , 123 , 129 , 143 , smartphone apps, 119 156 , 170 , 171 , 176 smuggling, 106 recruits, 86 , 90 , 103 , 113 , 119 , 124 , 128 , 135 , social media, 98 , 104 , 108 , 111 , 112 , 118 , 138 , 149 , 156 , 166 , 175 119 , 124 , 126 , 128 , 129 , 140 , 142 , 156 , refugees, 53 , 163 , 164 157 , 166 , 170 , 171 , 178 Research, Information, and soft power, 14 , 166 Communications Unit (RICU), 131 , 132 Somali diaspora, 87 Revolutionary Guards, 88 Somalia, 7 , 26 , 69, 86 , 106 , 150 , 157 , 159 Rice, Megan, 146 Sontag, Susan, 23 ricin, 113 , 148 Soufan Group, 145 robotic combat, 160 South Asia, 27 “robust hashing”, 155 Southeast Asia, 28 rocket- propelled grenade, 113 Soviet Union, 146 , 151 , 158 , 174 Rogers, Mike, 157 “spear phishing”, 138 rules of engagement, 160 Spiegel , 90 Russia, 94 , 139 , 140 , 144 , 145 “states”, 11 , 44 , 119 Rwanda, 42 Stevens, Christopher, 81 strategic communication, 131 Said, Edward, 51 strategic environment, 131 Saladin, 46 “Stuxnet”, 139 Salai st, 67 , 93, 174 subway, 148

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Sui , 54 , 69 U.S. Senate, 161 suicide bombings, 56 , 60 , 101 , 102 , 150 , 172 U.S. State Department, 7 , 22 , 23 , 25 , 65 , suicide missions, 101, 102 133 , 134, 168 , 169 Sunni, 9 , 54 , 69 , 105 , 130 , 145 , 153 U.S. Treasury Department, 126 Sunni- Shia conl ict, 13 Uganda, 86 surface-to- air missile, 113 ummah , 4 , 58 surveillance, 141 unemployment, 53 , 103 Sykes- Picot Agreement, 80 United Kingdom, 51 , 167 Symbian, 121 United Nations, 31 , 81 , 85 , 101 Syria, 4 , 5 , 15 , 41 , 78 , 79 , 88 , 90 , 94 , United Nations peacekeeping, 81 103 – 105 , 108 , 120 , 124 , 130 , 132 , 138 , , 28 , 55 , 80 , 81 , 94 , 104 , 109 , 144 – 146, 149 , 152 , 159 , 163 , 172 112 , 139, 142 , 144 , 146 , 150 , 152 , 159 United States Code, 18 Tagalog, 151 University of California, San Diego, 136 Tajikistan, 176 “unlawful combatants”, 158 Taliban, 3 , 27 , 35 , 72 , 73 , 109 , 127 , Urdu, 115 158 , 173 USAID, 169 taxation, 97 , 98, 106 , 126 utopianism, 122 TechGirls, 171 Uzbekistan, 26 , 151 Technical Mujahid Magazine , 114 Telegram, 108 , 120 , 121 , 155 , 175 Vedrine, Hubert, 47 “televangelists”, 68 victims, 60 , 62 , 165 , 178 Telhami, Shibley, 56 video bloggers, 156 terrorism dei ned, 7 , 18, 19 video games, 119 “terrorist content”, 140 videos, 115 , 124 , 151 Thatcher, Margaret, 111 , 112 videotapes, 142 “Think Again, Turn Away”, 135 virtual community, 173 third-party content, 134 virtual connectivity, 44 , 173 Thomson Reuters, 96 virtual states, 91 , 119 , 143 , 174 Thurston, Alex, 83 Tinnes, Judith, 122 Wahhabi, 69 “Top 20”, 116 Wahid, Abdurrahman, 71 torture, 63 , 64 Warcraft , 173 tourism, 6 , 110 Washington Post , 172 toxins, 148 waterboarding, 64 training materials, 113 “watering hole” attacks, 138 transparency, 133, 135 weak governance, 107 Treasury Department, 25 weapons of mass destruction (WMD), 17 , Trump, Donald, 66 , 164 , 178 36 , 158 , 174 Tsarnaev brothers, 20 web page, 116 Tunisia, 4 , 67 , 68 , 73 , 95 , 102 , 105 , 111 , websites, 91, 112 171 , 177 Weimann, Gabriel, 91 Turkey, 6 , 7 , 13 , 41 , 104 , 144 , 152 , 153 , 164 Westgate Mall, Nairobi, Kenya, 87 , 106 tutorials, 120 White House Summit on Countering 2012 Olympic Games, 132 Violent Extremism, 32 2016 U.S. presidential campaign, 24 , 55 , 63 , White supremacist groups, 156 66 , 140 “The Winds of Victory”, 117 Twitter, 39 , 87, 120 , 125 – 127 , 130 , 135 , 138 , Winter, Charlie, 99 , 108 , 128 140 , 155 , 175 women, 10 , 73 , 97 – 100 , 102 , 122 , 171

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“Women of the Islamic State”, 99 Yemen, 29 , 34 , 79 , 80 , 159 World Trade Center, 34 , 109 Yopmail, 121 Worth, Robert, 79 , 176 Yousafzai, Malala, 73 Wright, Lawrence, 34 , 78 YouTube, 67 , 120 , 126 , 127 , 135 , 155 , 156

xenophobia, 164 al- Zarqawi, Abu Musab, 12 , 116 – 118 , 152 al- Zawahiri, Ayman, 49 , 79 , 117 , 118 , 152 Y- 12 National Security complex, 146 Zero Dark Thirty , 63 Yazidis, 100 Zurwat al-Sanam, 116

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