Issue No. 4 July 2017 - December 2017 www.ciba.res.in ICAR- CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF BRACKISHWATER AQUACULTURE ISO 9001-2008 CIBA NEWS July 2017 - December 2017 1 www.ciba.res.in Issue No. 4 July 2017 - June 2018 URE ACULT AQU ATER ICAR- CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF BRACKISHW ISO 9001-2008 CONTENTS 1 2018 2017 - June July A NEWS CIB 16 4 Indigenously Brackishwater formulated cost Ornamental fishes Published by Effective vannamei Dr. K.K. Vijayan an emerging sector in shrimp feed takes off Director, ICAR-CIBA, Indian aquariculture Chennai - 28 in India Editorial Committee Dr. M. Muralidhar 9 Dr. C.V. Sairam Popularising 18 Dr. K.P. Kumaraguru vasagam Know your species: Mr. T. Sathish Kumar Brackishwater Silver Moony, Dr. J. Raymond Jani Angel ornamental fish keeping Monodactylus Dr. T.N. Vinay among the youth Mr. Tanveer Hussain argenteus Dr. K.K. Vijayan Editorial Assistance Mr. S. Nagarajan 10 19 Captive breeding of spotted Shrimp farming in Design & Print scat- a lucrative finfish inland saline soils: Sradha Arts species for brackishwater a successful Kochi ornamental portfolio diversification model ICAR-CIBA - a nodal R&D agency working in brackishwater aquaculture for the past three decades with a vision of 12 20 environmentally sustainable, Farm inputs that cause Technology transfers, economically viable and socially antimicrobial resistance and Product releases acceptable seafood production. export rejection Technology backstopping and and Knowledge interventions by the institute is partnerships. benefiting the sector to the tune of Rs 10,000 crore annually. 14 Front cover : An environmental Mitogenome of 24 friendly brackishwater shrimp Penaeus indicus Events farming model at Andhra Pradesh 32 CIBA in news media 2 CIBA NEWS July 2017 - December 2017 FROM THE DIRECTOR’S DESK Brackishwater not only a diverse in food fishes, but also rich in ornamental fishes ndia emerged as a fastest growing economy to the existing list of seed production technologies in the world and the second largest producer (5 shrimp species + 5 finfishes + 1 crab ), we of farmed fish and shellfish. Frozen shrimp are focussing on seed production of grey mullet produced from brackishwater sector continued Mugil cephalus, mystus catfish Mystus gulio, Ito be the major valued item accounting for a spotted scat, Scatophagus argus, mono angel, share of 70% of the total export earnings (about Monodactylus argenteus etc. Finfish such as US$ 6.5 billion). After playing a crucial role in the mangrove snapper, rabbit fish and Indian salmon introduction of exotic P. vannamei to Indian shrimp were identified as potential species to be added in farming, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater the list and preliminary works have been started Aquaculture (ICAR-CIBA) realizes the risk of with a goal of having multiple species in our complete dependence of the sector entirely on farming basket. Considering the brackishwater imported broodstock. As a futuristic alternate ecosystem as a dynamic diverse environment strategy, CIBA has identified native Indian white which involves, estuaries, backwater, mangroves, shrimp, P. indicus as native candidate species for lagoons, etc. we are working on diversified rearing research in the direction of stock improvement system such as customized open-water cages, through selective breeding. Ornamental fish Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture systems industry is a multi-billion-dollar industry with an (IMTA), biofloc based simple RAS, family farming estimated value of 15 billion US dollars involving and organic farming models. Further, we have trade in over 5000 species. Though Indian taken sincere efforts to bridge the relationship ornamental fish basket is dominated by majority between the stakeholders and farmers, and the by freshwater species and very few wild collected results are visible in the form of the partnership marine species, brackishwater fish is least known agreement and MoU signed on a public-private and the industry is in its infancy. Brackishwater partnership (PPP) mode. Also, CIBA has developed ornamental species are hardy to withstand the a close working relationship between the state wide range of water parameters as they naturally government and other government agencies thrive in extreme water parameters. More simply working for the development of brackishwater said ‘brackishwater ornamental fish offer the aquaculture in the country by sharing the strength charm of a marine species at the ease and cost and weaknesses, which provided a new synergy. of maintaining a freshwater species. With this strength, CIBA has initiated efforts for developing a Our ultimate goal is achieving sustainable niche for the brackishwater ornamental species. brackishwater aquaculture for food, employment and prosperity. It is encouraging to see the CIBA envisions the 9 million hectares of salt- tremendous support from the farmers, industry affected inland soils in the states of Haryana, people and government agencies for our efforts. Rajasthan, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra We are certain that this issue of CIBANEWS will and Gujarat as potential resources for expansion bring you the significant achievements and events of brackishwater aquaculture in a sustainable during the last one year, which would be enriching manner. We already demonstrated successful and interesting to the wide spectrum of readers. model of shrimp farming and a integrated feed mill in this region. To further strengthen the brackishwater aquaculture and national fish production, CIBA took efforts on diversified aquaculture systems and species. As an addition Dr. K.K. Vijayan Director CIBA NEWS July 2017 - December 2017 3 SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENT BRACKISHWATER ORNAMENTAL FISHES AN EMERGING SECTOR IN INDIAN AQUARICULTURE rnamental fish industry is a multi- supporting an enormous diversity and billion-dollar industry with an abundance of species. These habitats offer estimated value of 15 billion US a mixture of sub-optimal biotic and abiotic dollars involving trade in over 5000 conditions which vary rapidly both spatially and Ospecies. India is blessed with a rich diversity temporally. Hence, the organisms which occupy of fish species, which includes more than 400 these habitats are naturally adapted to respond listed ornamental fish species. The potential of well to environmental stress and disturbances. the ornamental fisheries sector to earn valuable Euryhalinity is one of the key adaptations which foreign exchange for the country, guarantee make the brackishwater fish and crustaceans employment and support livelihood, especially very special. It helps the species to adapt to to rural communities and women. With an wide ranges of salinity. In general, most of the enormous diversity and wealth of fish, India’s brackishwater ornamental species are hardy to share in the ornamental fish trade is very low, withstand the wide range of water parameters as below 0.1% of the global trade. Data shedding they naturally thrive in estuaries and backwaters light on the underutilised potential of a sector is where they are exposed to freshwater from so promising and stirs the different stakeholders surface runoff during monsoons and full- to plan and contribute further. A repository of strength seawater during summer. In the case information on the ornamental species, sources, of brackishwater ornamental species, this trait mode of capture, value, volume, value chain, can be effectively harnessed and the fish can workforce, domestic operators, exporters and be kept in an environment of a desired salinity issues of concern is wanting. Though Indian after the initial acclimatisation phase. More ornamental fish basket is dominated by majority simply said ‘brackishwater ornamental fish offer by freshwater species and very few wild collected the charm of a marine species at the ease and marine species, brackishwater fish is the least at the cost of maintaining a freshwater species. known and the industry is in its infancy. With this strength, CIBA has initiated efforts for developing a niche for the brackishwater Brackishwater habitats are among the ornamental species. For this, CIBA’s roadmap most productive environments of our nation 4 CIBA NEWS July 2017 - December 2017 for the development is i) Concerted efforts model based on the captive breeding of a much on developing captive breeding protocols for larger diversity of indigenous species. CIBA has indigenous brackishwater ornamental fish witnessed its breeding capabilities with the species ii) Developing indigenous cost-effective breeding and seed production of potential food and efficient feeds for brackishwater ornamental fishes such as seabass, milkfish and pearlspot broodstock, larvae and aquarium fish iii) The . In addition, CIBA continues to work on other research outputs from the captive breeding food fishes viz. striped grey mullet, mangrove program to be simultaneously translated red snapper and rabbitfish etc., and significant into models of livelihood development for milestones has been achieved. While planning rural communities; tribal groups and women research strategy for the development of entrepreneurs, and develop suitable location brackishwater ornamental fish species, CIBA specific and client specific rearing systems iv) has focused its research on the following four Popularisation of the brackishwater ornamental potential ornamental brackishwater fish species; species and awareness of aquarium fish as a spotted scat, Scatophagus argus; silver moony, popular hobby among the youth and the general Monodactylus