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U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Wildlife Services Historic document – Content may not reflect current scientific research, policies or practices. KEY TO THE FAMILIES OF COMMON COMMERCIAL FISHES IN. THE PHILIPPINES By AGUSTIN F .. UMALI, Ichthyologist RESEARCH REPORT 21 . Fish and Wildlife Service, Albert M. Day, Director United States Department of the Interior, Oscar L. Chapman, Secretary UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1950 f.Gr Hie l}y the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Gov~rnment Printing Office . Washington 25, D. C. - Price 20 cents CONTENTS Page Introduction. • . • • • • . • . • • . • • . • . • . • . • • • • • • • • . • I Systematic list of common commercial fishes. • • • . • . • 2 Key to families Cartilaginous fishes • . • . • . • . • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • 22 Bony fishes . ~ •.•••.•· . • • • • • • • . • . • • • • • . • • . • • • • • • • • 26 Glossary of technical terms •.•••••••••••.•• : . • . • • • • • 41 Index of common and scientific names • . • . • • • • • • • • • 43 KEY TO THE FAMILIES OF COMMON COMMERCIAL FISHES IN THE PHILIPPINES The proper identification of the fauna for which data are being gathered is essential in any survey work. Thus the correct compila­ tion of data on the survey of the fisheries of the Philippines is premised on the correct identification of the fishes. In the wake of World War II in the Pacific, practically all references that could be used were destroyed, and the few that were saved are very limited. It is to replace these lost references that this key is prepared. Although essentially similar to the key to families published by the author in his Edible Fishes of Manila (1936), several species have been added to the list of the common commercial forms. These additions to the composition of the commercial fish catch have been brought about by the extension of fishing grounds and by J;he employment of new fishing methods. This paper is an attempt to frame an artificial key to the families of the most common commercial fishes found in Philippine waters. As such, the order of treatment is without a.ctual reference to the morphological sequence of the different families. The key is dichot­ omous, and, when possible, only the most distinctive external features are used. For simplicity, two sets of keys have been compiled: one for the cartilaginous fishes represented by the sharks, rays, and their allies; and another for the bony fishes, or true fishes, to which group the majority of the present-day forms belong. A list of the representative species and the localities where each is abundantly caught is likewise included. The order of listing the different representative families and species follows closely that of 1 A. W. Herre in his Check List of Philippine Fishes ; however, Lev Semenovich Berg's Classification of Fishes both Recent and Fossil . (1876), and David · Starr Jordan's A .Classification of Fishes Includ­ ing Families and Genera as Far as Known (1923), were freely consulted . The expression "throughout the Philippines" has been used in desig­ nating the localities of many species; this expression indicates such general distribution that enumeration of all the specific or principal centers of distribution is not practicable, although distribution may he scattered. 1 Research Report 20. Fish and Wildlife Service, United States Department of the Interior. (In press.) I Systematic List of the Common Commercial Fishes in the Philippines and the Localities Where Each · Is Caught Abundantly Class ELASMOBRANCHll Subclass SELACHll Order EUSELACHll Suborder GALEI Family SCYLLIORHINID& (Cat shatks) Atelomycterus marmoratua Bennett. Localities: Throughout the Philippines, but especially in the Sulu Archi­ pelago and Busuanga. Family ORECTOLOBID& (Zebra sharks) Stegoatoma varium Seba. Localities: Throughout the Philippines, but especially in the Sulu Archi­ pelago and the Calamian Group. Family LAM:NID& (Kan-eaters) Carcharodon carchariaa Linnaeus. • Localities: Northern Mindanao; Malampaya Sound, Pala.wan, and Jolo. Family CARCRARHINID& (Gray sharklJ) Carcharhinua albhnarginatua Ruppell. White-margined gray shark. Localities: Puerto Princesa, Pala.wan Province, and Sibutu Passage. Carcharhinua limbatua Muller and Henle. Small black-tipped gray shark. Localities: Pilas Group in the Sulu Archipelago, and Reinard Island, Palawan Province. Caroharhinua melanopterua Quoy and Gaimard. Large black-tipped gray shark. Localities: Throughout the Philippines, but especially around the Sulu Archipelago and the Calamian Group. Carcharhinua meniaorrah Muller and Henle. Localities: Throughout the Philippines, but especially around the Calamian Group and the Sulu Archipelago. Carcharhinua apallanzani (Le Seuer). Spallanzani's black-tipped gray shark. Localities: Sulu Afchipelago and Busuanga. Galeocerdo arcticua (Faber). Tiger shark. Localities: Throughout the Philippines, but especially around the Sulu Archipelago and the Calamian Group. Scoliodon intermediua Garman. Localities: Calamian Group, northern Pala.wan, and Sulu Archipelago. 2 Scoliodon palaeorrah Cuvier. Localities: Throughout the· Philippines, but especially around the Sulu Archipelago and the Calamian· Group. family SPHYRNID& (Hammerheads) Sphyma zygeena Linnaeus. ~ocalities: Throughout the Philippines. Order BATOIDEI Suborder SARCURA family PRISTID& (Sawftshes) Priatia microdon Latham. Localities: Lake Naujan, Mindoro; Laguna de Bay; Bikol River, Camarines Sur Province; Rio Grande and Liguasan Swamp, Cotabato Province; Agusan River, Davao Province. Priatia cuapidatua Latham. Localities: Throughout the Philippines in marine waters, especially in bays, gulfs, and ·straits. family RHINOBATIDlE (Guitar 11.ahes) Bhynchobatua djiddensia ForskA.l. Localities: Throughout the Philippines, especially in bays and gulfs. family DASYATID& (Sting rays) Daeyatia kuhli (MUiler and Henle) Blue-spotted sting ray. Localities: Throughout the Philippines. Daeyatia uamak (Forsklll) Marbled sting ray. Localities: Throughout the Philippines. Daeyatia aephen (ForskAl) Frill-tailed sting ray. · Localities: Throughout the Philippines. family :MYLIOBATID& (Eagle rays) Aetobatua narinari Euphrasen. Localities: Throughout the Philippines. family RHINOPTERIDlE (Cow-nosed rays) Bhinoptera javanica Muller and Herile. Localities: Throughout the Philippines, but especially in Manila Bay at certain seasons of the year. family :MOBULIDlE (Devil rays) Kobula eregoodoo-tenkee Cuvier. Localities: Throughout the Philippines. 3 Class PISCES Subclass CROSSOPTERYGll Order ISOSPONDYLI Suborder ELOPOIDEA Family ELOPIDlE Elops hawaiiensis Regan. Ten pounders. Localities: Throughout the Philippines and entering brackish-water, bangos fish ponds, and bodies of inland water. ::Megalops cyprinoides Broussonet. Tarpons. Localities: Throughout the Philippines, and entering bodies of fresh water. Family CHANIDlE (Milkfishes) Chanos chanos ForsklU. Localities: Throughout the Philippines in the sea and entering rivers and lakes. They are extensively cultured in brackish-water fishponds through­ out the Islands, but especially in the provinces around Manila. Family CIDROCENTRIDAE (Dorabs) Chirocentrus dorab ForskAl. Localities: Throughout the Philippines. Family DUSSUMIERilDlE (Round herrings) Dussumieria hasselti Bleeker. Localities: Throughout the Philippines, but especially in Lings.yen Gulf, Manila Bay, Visayan Sea, and Ra.gay Gulf. · Spratelloides gracilis Schlegel. Localities: Throughout the Philippines, but especially in southern Luzon, the Visayas, and Mindanao, including the Sulu Archipelago. Family DOROSOMATIDlE (Gizzard shads) Anodontostoma chacunda Hamilton-Buchanan. Localities: Throughout the Philippines. Hematalosa nasus (Bloch). Localities: Throughout the Philippines, sometimes entering brackish waters. Family CLUPEIDlE (Herrings and sardines) Disha hmveni (Cuvier and V alenciennes).. Big-eyed herring. Localities: Throughout the Philippines. Sardinella flmbriata (Cuvier and Valenciennes). Fimbriated sardine. Localities: Throughout the Philippines. Sardinella longiceps Cu vier and Valenciennes. Indian sardine. Localities: Although quite rare at present, formerly common especially in . the Visayan Sea and in Manila Bay. Sardinella perforate. Cantor. Deep-bodied sardines. Localities: Throughout the Philippines, but especially in Manila Bay, Ra.gay Gulf, western Sa.mar, and the Visayan Sea. 1llldlnella airm W albaum. Spotted sardines. Localities: Visayas, Mindanao, Sulu Archipelago, and Ragay Gulf. sarmrula tawilia Herre. Fresh-water herrings. Locality: Lake Taal, Batangas Province. Olupeoidea lile Cuvier and Valenciennes. Transparent herrings. Localities: Southwestern Samar; Tayabas Bay; San Miguel Bay, Camarines ·Bur Province; and Visayan Sea. Family ENGRAULIDJE (Anchovies) ThriPa bielama ForsklU. Deep-bodied anchovy. Localities: Throughout the Philippines, entering brackish water in mouths of rivers. ltolephorua commersoni Lacepede. Long-jawed anchovy. Localities: Throughout the Philippines, but especially in Sf!,mar Sea, Carigara Bay, and Manila Bay. ltolephorua heterolobus Riippell .. Localities: In many places in the Philippines, but especially in Ragay Gulf, southern Luzon, Mindoro, and the Visayas up to northern Mindanao. Stolephorus indicua (van Hasselt). Localities: Throughout the Philippines. Order SYMBRANCHIA Family SYNBRANCHIDJE (Swamp eels) B:ynbranchus bengalensis McClelland. Localities: Fish ponds and swamp lands in provinces around Manila. Order APODES Family ANGUILLIDJE (Fresh-water eels) Anguilla
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  • The Tree of Life and a New Classification of Bony Fishes

    The Tree of Life and a New Classification of Bony Fishes

    The Tree of Life and a New Classification of Bony Fishes April 18, 2013 · Tree of Life Ricardo Betancur-R.1, Richard E. Broughton2, Edward O. Wiley3, Kent Carpenter4, J. Andrés López5, Chenhong Li 6, Nancy I. Holcroft7, Dahiana Arcila1, Millicent Sanciangco4, James C Cureton II2, Feifei Zhang2, Thaddaeus Buser, Matthew A. Campbell5, Jesus A Ballesteros1, Adela Roa-Varon8, Stuart Willis9, W. Calvin Borden10, Thaine Rowley11, Paulette C. Reneau12, Daniel J. Hough2, Guoqing Lu13, Terry Grande10, Gloria Arratia3, Guillermo Ortí1 1 The George Washington University, 2 University of Oklahoma, 3 University of Kansas, 4 Old Dominion University, 5 University of Alaska Fairbanks, 6 Shanghai Ocean University, 7 Johnson County Community College, 8 George Washington University, 9 University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 10 Loyola University Chicago, 11 University of Nebraska- Omaha, 12 Florida A&M University, 13 University of Nebraska at Omaha Betancur-R. R, Broughton RE, Wiley EO, Carpenter K, López JA, Li C, Holcroft NI, Arcila D, Sanciangco M, Cureton II JC, Zhang F, Buser T, Campbell MA, Ballesteros JA, Roa-Varon A, Willis S, Borden WC, Rowley T, Reneau PC, Hough DJ, Lu G, Grande T, Arratia G, Ortí G. The Tree of Life and a New Classification of Bony Fishes. PLOS Currents Tree of Life. 2013 Apr 18 [last modified: 2013 Apr 23]. Edition 1. doi: 10.1371/currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288. Abstract The tree of life of fishes is in a state of flux because we still lack a comprehensive phylogeny that includes all major groups. The situation is most critical for a large clade of spiny-finned fishes, traditionally referred to as percomorphs, whose uncertain relationships have plagued ichthyologists for over a century.