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The Follo Line Project LONGEST The Follo Line Project LONGEST. URBAN. COMPLEX. FASTER. 2015/3 Norwegian National Rail Administration THE FOLLO LINE PROJECT | 1 2 | THE FOLLO LINE PROJECT The project The Follo Line Project is currently the largest infrastructure The project includes: new double track line between Oslo Central project in Norway and will include the longest railway tunnel Station and the public transport hub at Ski in the Nordic countries. The new double track rail line forms 20 km long twin rail tunnel extensive work at Oslo Central Station the core part of the InterCity development southwards construction of a new station at Ski and from the capital. surface alignment necessary realignment of the existing Østfold Line, both on the approach to Oslo Central Station (with a new tunnel), and between the The Follo Line tunnel will be Norway’s first long twin new Ski Station and the future tunnel for the tube rail tunnel and one of the first to be constructed Follo Line using tunnel boring machines. The main construction work started in 2015, with completion in December 2021. Important preparatory work with the alignment of the new line and the construction sites was finalized in 2014/2015. THE FOLLO LINE PROJECT | 3 4 | THE FOLLO LINE PROJECT Overview Efficient and forward-looking at Ski. In tandem with the Østfold Line, which possible. Groundwater and properties that might be The Follo Line Project in total will comprise around currently runs between Oslo and Ski, the Follo Line affected are closely monitored Thorough planning is 64 km of new railway tracks. The new double track will give improved service to passengers. essential in order to restrict the negative impact on line from Oslo to Ski will be 22 km long, and designed the surroundings. Furthermore progress and costs for speeds up to 250 km/h. The line will make it Growth and the environment must be closely monitored. possible to reduce the journey time between Oslo The Østfold Line has reached its capacity limit. and Ski by 50 % (from 22 to 11 minutes). The double Simultaneously, a population growth of at least From road to rail track line will be an efficient, safe and environmen- 30 % is anticipated in this region by 2025. The The Follo Line will provide capacity for more freight tally-friendly transport system. Follo Line will link residential and working areas trains. Around 80 % of land-based transport of heavy together effectively and contribute to development goods in and out of the country passes through the From a railway engineering perspective, constructing in the region. county of Østfold. The bulk of this traffic is currently new lines in the densely trafficked metropolitan handled by freight vehicles. One freight train can area around Oslo Central Station is a major challenge. A large scale project transport the same volume as approximately 24 Much of the work will be undertaken without The Follo Line Project is comprehensive. Several heavy goods vehicles. disruption to the daily flow of traffic to and from different operations will be undertaken simultane- this busy station. ously, deadlines will need to be met and the project faces exciting challenges in terms of logistics and An urban challenge management. The Follo Line Project comprises four tracks to Oslo Central Station, which is Norway’s largest public During the construction phase, a large scale project transport hub. Trains on the new Follo Line will run of this nature will affect people, nature and the en- directly between Oslo and the public transport hub vironment. It is required to cause as little impact as THE FOLLO LINE PROJECT | 5 Challenges and requirements Oslo Central Station: Between Oslo Central Station and the tunnel, con- struction of the Follo Line must accommodate other rail traffic in and out of Oslo Central Station. The line will be constructed with connections to several platforms. In addition restrictions concerning the Medieval Park in Oslo must be taken into account, as this is of great archaeological and historical significance. The Directorate for Cultural Heritage in Norway, Oslo Municipality and the Norwegian National Rail Administration have reached a joint solution for con- servation measures regarding both the introduction of the new Follo Line and the new tracks for the Østfold Line through an area known as ‘Klypen’. This will provide the opportunity to establish a park area The line will be constructed almost twice the current size. with connections to several The tunnel: The tunnel, which will pass beneath the Ekeberg Hill platforms. in Oslo, is about to become the longest railway tunnel (20 km) to date in the Nordic countries. Excavation is performed by means of four hard rock shielded tunnel boring machines (TBM). 6 | THE FOLLO LINE PROJECT This is one of the first railway tunnels in Norway being excavated by TBM, a technology that is other- wise common in the excavation of long tunnels in Europe. The bored section of the tunnel represents 18,5 km. In addition, drill & blast techniques will be utilised for some of the tunnel work. In the northern part of the tunnel section, both the Follo Line and the relocated Østfold Line are located quite close to existing tunnels, caverns and sensitive installa- tions. The excavation will be done partly by careful drill and blast and by drill and split methodology without blasting. Important criteria for the tunnel: impermeable and safe long service life minimum maintenance requirements optimal train handling (to ensure reliable traffic) minimum impact on the local environment during the construction and in operation skills upgrading and development THE FOLLO LINE PROJECT | 7 8 | THE FOLLO LINE PROJECT The tunnel will comply with inter-European safety these were less complex and mainly used to exca- requirements for long tunnels with cross passages vate hydro-electric power tunnels. The decision to use TBMs approximately every 500 meters to be used as paves the way for alliance- escape routes. The life expectancy of the tunnel will The decision to use TBM paves the way for alliance be at least 100 years. building, skills upgrading and innovation as both building, skills upgrading national and international participation take part in TBMs are well suited for the construction of this this project. and innovation. tunnel due to: the tunnel’s length Quality and rock conditions the rock characteristics Tunnel boring is a system comprising precast imper- generally adequate cover/overburden meable concrete elements installed in a closed ring access to a large rigging area suitably to ensure protection from rock fall, as well as water located in relation to the tunnel and to the and frost. The space behind the concrete elements main road system is filled with cement grout to seal the gap between limits the number of cross cut tunnels in the rock face and the ring. populated areas Production and installation of concrete elements The tunnel will become the first long rail tunnel in will form part of an industrialised process. This will Norway with twin tubes to facilitate: help ensure a high and consistent quality of compo- access to future operation and maintenance nents, as well as the actual installation process. From optimal train/traffic handling a life cycle perspective, precast concrete elements in safety-evacuation a closed ring will require less maintenance than the more traditional form of rock support using bolts TBM technology and shotcrete. Drill & blast is the most common method used in tunnel construction in Norway. In the 70s and 80s, Choosing machinery that is suited to the ground tunnel boring machines were also utilised although conditions and a crew experienced in operating THE FOLLO LINE PROJECT | 9 under similar rock conditions is essential. Extensive The TBM assembly chambers and the access tunnels The new Ski station will knowledge of ground conditions is an important will be constructed utilizing drill & blast techniques. criteria for success. be built with six tracks Open section and the and three central platforms, One major construction site new Ski Station: The rig area at Åsland, a rural site on the outskirts The Follo Line will run along a 1.5 km open section a new pedestrian under- of Oslo, includes facilities for production of precast south of the tunnel before reaching the public pass, a new road bridge, concrete segments. From the rig area two TBMs transport hub at Ski. Retaining walls and culverts will be working towards Oslo Central Station to be (concrete tunnels) will be built along this section, bus terminal and enlarged connected to conventionally blasted tunnels in the and it will be necessary to realign the Østfold Line in Ekeberg Hill. A further two TBMs will be working in a order to achieve efficient train operation. car park. southerly direction toward Ski to be connected to a future cut and cover section. Within the station area itself, the new Ski Station is built with six tracks and three central platforms, The entire TBM tunnel constructions is accessed and a new pedestrian underpass, a new road bridge, supplied via two access tunnels at the rig area. All bus terminal and enlarged car park. Accessibility, four TBMs will be launched from assembly caverns efficient transport and integration into the urban now under construction at the bottom of these landscape are important factors to the Norwegian access tunnels. National Rail Administration. Together, the access tunnels cater for traffic to and from the main tunnel, as well as removal of excavated material by belt conveyors to the rig area. The tunnels are also important to secure air supply to the main tunnel. The assembly chambers for the TBMs will be reused as future rescue and evacuation facilities. 10 | THE FOLLO LINE PROJECT THE FOLLO LINE PROJECT | 11 Excavated materials – a resource During construction of the Follo Line, around 10-11 The main requirements are aimed at transport of So far the Rail Administration has signed one million tons of rock spoil will be removed within a the excavated material, noise protection during the contract with Società Italiana per Condotte d’ Acqua period of around 3-3.5 years.
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