Eksploitasi Dan Resistensi Buruh Migran Nias Dalam Hubungan Kekuasaan Struktur Dan Agen Di Kabupaten Pelalawan Provinsi Riau

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Eksploitasi Dan Resistensi Buruh Migran Nias Dalam Hubungan Kekuasaan Struktur Dan Agen Di Kabupaten Pelalawan Provinsi Riau EKSPLOITASI DAN RESISTENSI BURUH MIGRAN NIAS DALAM HUBUNGAN KEKUASAAN STRUKTUR DAN AGEN DI KABUPATEN PELALAWAN PROVINSI RIAU TESIS OLEH EFENTINUS NDRURU 147047004 STUDI PROGRAM MAGISTER SOSIOLOGI FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2016 Universitas Sumatera Utara EKSPLOITASI DAN RESISTENSI BURUH MIGRAN NIAS DALAM HUBUNGAN KEKUASAAN STRUKTUR DAN AGEN DI KABUPATEN PELALAWAN PROVINSI RIAU TESIS Diajukan Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat untuk Memperoleh Gelar Magister Sosiologi dalam Program Studi Sosiologi, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Sumatera Utara OLEH EFENTINUS NDRURU 147047004 STUDI MAGISTER SOSIOLOGI FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2016 Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara Telah diuji pada Tanggal: 26 Agustus 2016 PANITIA PENGUJI TESIS Ketua : Dr. Harmona Daulay, M. Si Anggota : 1. Prof. Rizabuana Ismail, M.Phil., PhD 2. Drs. Zulkifli, M.A 3. Dra. Ria Manurung, M.Si 4. Prof. Dr. Badaruddin, M.Si Universitas Sumatera Utara LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ORISINALITAS PERNYATAAN “EKSPLOITASI DAN RESISTENSI BURUH MIGRAN NIAS DALAM HUBUNGAN KEKUASAAN STRUKTUR DAN AGEN DI KABUPATEN PELALAWAN PROVINSI RIAU” Dengan ini penulis menyatakan bahwa tesis ini disusun sebagai syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Magister Sosiologi pada Program Magister Sosiologi, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Sumatera Utara adalah benar merupakan hasil karya penulis sendiri. Adapun pengutipan-pengutipan yang penulis lakukan pada bagian-bagian tertentu dari hasil karya orang lain dalam penulisan tesis ini, telah penulis cantumkan sumbernya secara jelas sesuai dengan norma, kaidah, dan etika penulisan ilmiah. Apabila di kemudian hari ternyata ditemukan seluruh atau sebagian tesis ini bukan hasil karya penulis sendiri atau adanya plagiat dalam bagian- bagian tertentu, penulis bersedia menerima sanksi pencabutan gelar akademik yang penulis sandang dan sanksi-sanksi lainnya sesuai dengan peraturan perundangan yang berlaku. Medan, 26 Agustus 2016 Penulis, Efentinus Ndruru Universitas Sumatera Utara EKSPLOITASI DAN RESISTENSI BURUH MIGRAN NIAS DALAM HUBUNGAN KEKUASAAN STRUKTUR DAN AGEN DI KABUPATEN PELALAWAN PROVINSI RIAU ABSTRAK Isu perburuhan merupakan suatu permasalahan sosial yang terus dibahas dan dianalisis dari berbagai persepktif ilmu akademik. Kritik terhadap Undang- Undang Nomor 13 tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan sering menjadi sorotan para aktivis buruh. Sistem kontrak kerja “outsourcing” terhadap buruh perkebunan dinilai sebagai praktek efek fragmentatif, degradatif, diskriminatif dan eksploitatif terhadap buruh. Asumsi peneliti bahwa praktik-praktik semacam ini merupakan perbudakan modern sebagai manifestasi kerja paksa masa kolonial Belanda. Peneliti buruh migran Nias di perkebunan PT. Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper Pelalawan Riau merupakan interpretasi makna dari asumsi peneliti dengan pendekatan metode kualitatif. Lokasi penelitian secara spesifik ditentukan di Estate Pelalawan yang cukup dekat kota Pangkalan Kerinci. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan metode wawancara dan observasi partisipan terhadap para buruh migran Nias, kepala rombongan, kontraktor, dan perusahaan (humas PT. RAPP) sebagai data primer, sedangkan data sekunder adalah kuesioner dan dokumen-dokumen yang berkaitan dengan buruh. Peneliti juga menggunakan analisis data dengan menggunakan metode analitik yang diperkenalkan oleh Habermas. Hasil penelitian buruh migran Nias di perkebunan PT. RAPP ditemukan bahwa penerapan sistem outsourcing merupakan salah satu bentuk eksploitasi tenaga buruh. Tingkat pendidikan dan keterbukaan pada informasi awal ketika dalam proses rekrutmen tidak berjalan semestinya. Buruh “dipasung” dengan oleh agen melalui struktur kekuasaan yang saling mempengaruhi dalam kekuasaan dominan dan subordinat. Model utang dan sistem penggajian tidaklah mendatangkan kesejahteraan, justru buruh terperangkap dalam lingkaran kemiskinan dan ekploitatif. Kepala rombongan, sebagai “agen liar” dan kontraktor perusahaan penyediaan tenaga kerja justru menjadi pelaku eksploitatif. Mimpi para buruh mendapatkan jaminan sosial, THR, dan kesejahteraan sirna ketika melihat situasi mereka diperlakukan layaknya seorang budak. Pengawas ketenagakerjaan, serikat buruh (SBSI 92), dan Kelompok Ikatan Keluarga Nias (IKN) seolah-olah tidak tahu realitas kehidupan buruh. Akhirnya, para buruh migran Nias hanya bisa keluar jika berjuang melalui resistensi dan dibantu oleh “tangan-tangan” pemerhati yang berkecimpung dalam perjuangan advokasi buruh. Kata Kunci: Buruh Migran Nias, outsourcing, eksploitasi, dan resistensi. i Universitas Sumatera Utara EXPLOITATION OF MIGRANT WORKERS AND RESISTANCE NIAS RELATIONS OF POWER STRUCTURE AND AGENT IN THE PELALAWAN DISTRICT RIAU PROVINCE ABSTRACT Labor issues is a social problem which continued to be discussed and analyzed from a variety of academic science perspective. Critics of the Act No. 13 of 2003 on Manpower is often in the spotlight labor activists. System contracts "outsourcing" of the plantation workers as the practice effect fragmented, degrading, discriminatory and exploitative of workers. Assumptions investigators that such practices is a modern manifestation of slavery forced labor Dutch colonial period. Researchers Nias migrant workers in the plantation PT. Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper Pelalawan Riau is the discovery of the meaning of the assumptions of researchers with qualitative method approach. The research location is specified in Estate Pelalawan fairly close to the town of Pangkalan Kerinci. Data collection techniques using interviews and participant observation against migrant workers Nias, head of the group, the contractor, and the company (PR PT. RAPP) as the primary data, secondary data were questionnaires and documents relating to labor. The researchers also used data analysis using analytic methods introduced by Habermas. Research Nias migrant workers in the plantation PT. RAPP was found that the application of the system of outsourcing is a form of exploitation of labor power. The level of education and openness to the initial information when in the recruitment process is not running properly. Workers "shackled" by the agent through the interplay of power structure in the dominant and subordinate powers. Model debt and payroll system does not bring prosperity, it trapped workers in the cycle of poverty and exploitative. Head of the group, as "agents of the wild" and contractor labor supply company became the perpetrator of exploitation. The dream of the workers to social security, THR, and prosperity vanished when looking at the situation they are treated like a slave. Labor inspectors, trade union (SBSI 92), and the Group of the Association of Families of Nias (IKN) as if the workers do not know the reality of life. Finally, Nias migrant workers can only come out if struggling through resistance and is assisted by the "hands" observer who engaged in the struggle for labor advocacy. Keywords: Migrant Workers Nias, outsourcing, exploitation, and resistance ii Universitas Sumatera Utara KATA PENGANTAR Puji dan syukur saya ucapkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa karena sampai saat ini saya masih diberikan kesehatan dan keselamatan untuk menyelesaikan penulisan tesis ini. Isu eksploitasi buruh migran Nias merupakan suatu kondisi sistem outsourcing yang terapkan oleh perkebunan kepada buruh. Eksploitasi dalam kajian struktur dan agen dalam perkebunanadalah suatu yang tidak dapat dipungkiri mengingat penjelmaan kekuasaan menyebar dimana-mana. Bentuk penjelmaan “perbudakan modern” dalam sistem kerja merupakan manifestasi kerja rodi (kerja paksa) zaman kolonial Belanda. Praktek eksploitasi melalui struktur dan agen dalam hubungan dualitas merupakan suatu kajian persepktif sosiologis. Kajian ilmiah tersebut merupakan pembahasan penulis dalam seluruh penulisan tesis ini sebagai satu kesatuan pemikiran. Penulis mengucapkan banyak terimakasih kepada Bapak Dr. Muriyanto Amin, selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Sumatera Utara. Penulis juga mengucapkan terimakasih kepada Bapak Prof. Rizabuana Ismail, M. Phil., PhD, sebagai pembimbing pertama dan sekaligus selaku Ketua Magister Sosiologi Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Sumatera Utara. Selain itu, penulis mengucapkan terimakasih kepada bapak Drs. Zulkifli, M.A sebagai dosen pembimbing kedua yang telah banyak membantu dalam proses penyusunan proposal, penelitian, dan sampai pada tahap analisis data, sehingga menjadi sebuah karya ilmiah. Penulis menyadari bahwa kontribusi pemikiran ilmu bapak telah mengajarin penulis banyak hal tentang budaya kampus, terutama dalam proses membimbing mahasiswa. Penulis juga mengucapkan banyak terimakasih kepada pihak-pihak yang sudah membantu dan iii Universitas Sumatera Utara berkontribusi dalam penulisan tesis ini yaitu Ibu Dra. Ria Manurung, M.Si sebagai Sekretaris Magister Sosiologi FISIP USU sekaligus sebagai penguji yang telah membimbing dan memberi masukan selama penulisan. Penulis juga mengucapkan terimakasih kepada dosen bapak Henri Sitorus, PhD yang telah banyak memberikan masukan dalam perspektif sosiologi perburuhan, Drs. Argyo Demartoto, M.Si, PhD selaku dosen FISIP Universitas Sebelas Maret yang telah banyak membagikan ilmunya memberikan masukan melalui email, sekalipun penulis tidak pernah bertemu dengan beliau. Penulis juga mengucapkan terimakasih kepada segenap staf, dan seluruh pegawai Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Sumatera Utara. Penghargaan yang setinggi-tingginya peneliti
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