OCTOBER 1, 1971 25 CENTS

A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY/PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE - -

March protesting Attica massacre in Harlem Sept. 18, 1971. Articles about Attica and prison revolts, pages 10-15. Hugo Blanco deported •

ICO- page 5 Support widens for abortion campaign/ 4 Attica victim's family tells of cruelty/13 Saigon election fraud stirs protest/17

VOLUME 35/NUMBER 35 THIS BLACK INMATE SUES PRISON OFFICIALS AT FED­ RADICAL ECONOMISTS BLAST NIXON'S FREEZE: ERAL PEN IN TEXAS: Walter Collins, a Black draft After holding a week of seminars near Morgantown, W. WEEK'S resister serving a fiv~year sentence at the federal prison Va., in August, the Union for Radical Political Economics in Texarkana, Texas, filed suit Sept. 14 against Warden adopted a four-page statement condemning Nixon's wage MILITANT L. M. Connett and Education SupervisorWilliam C. Storm freeze. It charged that while ''the main cause of the Nixon for refusing to allow him to receive certain books, to program lies in the capitalists' need to further rationalize 3 Subscription sales ahead mail some of his letters or to receive visits from Carl and control inherently destructive tendencies in capital­ in first week of drive Braden. Collins was a co-worker of Braden's in the South­ ism." Such control will mean a: "stronger concentration 4 Support widens for ern Conference Educational Fund before he was jailed of corporate government power" at the expense of work­ abortion campaign by a racist court decision refusing to recognize that Col­ ers power "to control the human and physical resources lins' draft board was illegally constituted. Exactly the of their workplaces and communities." The URPE is an Defeats for two equal opposite ruling had been made by the same court in a organization of radical university teachers, graduate stu­ rights bills parallel case involving a white draft resister a short time dents and others that oppose the so-called "positivist" 5 Hugo Blanco deported earlier. approach taken to econon\ics in U.S.. schools, counter­ to Mexico posing an analysis committed to "serving the workers' 8 Nov. 6 Countdown "JUSTICE" DEPT. MOVES TO ROLL BACK PRISON­ needs and (to) the desirability of a world without op­ ERS' RIGHTS: On Sept. 14, the day after the bloodbath 9 Over five million un­ pression and poverty." The group can be contacted at at Attica ordered by Rockefeller, Nixon's Department of 2503 Student Activities Building, University of Michigan, employed in August Justice proposed revamping current iaws governing pris­ Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104, or by calling (313) 633-4944. Miss. strike fights pay oners' rights to appeal their convictions. The change pro­ cut posed by Assistant Attorney General William Rehnquist ANTHONY RUSSO ON HUNGER STRIKE: Anthony 10 Inside Attica: Interview at a Senate hearing would bar a prisoner from continuing J. Russo, in jail for contempt under lhe blatantly unjust with Black member of to seek a reversal of conviction on the basis of new court "immunity statute" because he refused to testify against rulings- except those dealing with confessions or tainted Daniel Ellsberg, began a hunger strike Sept. 16 at the observers committee evidence. This legal stooge for Nixon offered as the reason Terminal Island Federal Prison, according to the Sept. 11 Thousands join Attica for seeking such a major rollback of prisoners' rights 17 New Yo~k Times. Russo, 34, was jailed Aug. 16 after protests that it would "more effectively screen out genuinely seri­ refusing to answer the questions of the federal grand jury SWP campaigns seek ous constitutional violation!! from the mass of frivolous that indicted Ellsberg for "illegal possession" of the Penta­ prison visits and technical petitions now filed." To further demonstrate gon papers. his belief that putting people in cages is a subject of fri­ 12 Why Attica exploded volity, Rehnquist offered to swap enactment of this change YOUTH HUMILIATED FOR PUTTING FLAG WHERE Attica victim's family by the Senate for the administration's support to Senator IT BELONGS: Terry Lee Valmassoi, an 18-year-old from tells of cruel treatment Sam Ervin's (D-N. C.) so-called "speedy trial bill." Ervin's Taylor, Mich., was sentenced by a district judge with a 14 Interview: "If it were bill offers a token concession to the plight of the thou­ perverse sense of justice to recite the "Pledge of Allegiance" left to me there would sands of men and women kept in jail for months and even before the courthouse flag every day for three months years awaiting trial. be no prisons at all" because he had been convicted of "desecrating the flag" by wearing it as a patch on the seat of his jeans. George Jackson on the AIR FORCE PERMITS ANTIWAR OFFICERS TORE­ role of prisons SIGN- IF ••• An Air Force regulation, issued in August 16 Mass arrests of Ceylon and reported in the Sept. 1 Air Force Times, permits socialists antiwar officers to resign from the service. In order to High school youth and qualify, an officer must sign a statement that he is resign­ ing "because he is convinced that his performance or at­ the 1972 SW P campaign titude will result in deterioration in mission ·effectiveness, 17 Saigon election fraud and that his unalterable convictions preclude rehabilita­ brings protest . tion." Such a statement must also be verified and en­ Senate clears way for dorsed by the officer's commander. In a related develop­ passage of draft bill ment, a letter made public by the American Civil Lib­ 18 Guardian 5tdff writer at­ erties Union, from staff counsel Jael M. Gora to Defense Sectetary Melvin Laird complains of an Air Force prac­ critics. of Padilfa 1 ·fcicks tice requiring ROTC and service academy officers who jailing seek C. 0. discharges, and presumably non-C. 0. antiwar Bengali refugee toll officers, to pay back the government for the cost of their mounts schooiing. Gora's letter makes clear that the ACL U is 19 In defense of the Chi­ prepared to take court action if the practice does not cease. nese revolution UNDERGROUND FILM FROM SOVIET UNION: A 21 SWP Jaunches fall cam­ Anna. Tavares and Angelina Watkins are the film produced in Moscow by opponents of the Brezhnev­ first longshorewomen working as stevedores at paign tours Kosygin regime has made its way to Western Europe, 22 1,000 honor Jackson in according to the Sept. 15 Washington Post. An article Providence, R.I., Municipal Wharf. by Richard Reston, datelined London, reports that Wil­ London BOOK CLAIMS ADOLESCENT ILLITERACY IS A nam Cole of CBS "is processing the film for possible 24 80,000 demand Puerto FRAUD: A recent book by Daniel Fedar, The Naked viewing in the United States." It is riot indicated what Children (Macmillan, $6.95), asserts that reading tests Rican independence "processing" means, but Reston's description of the con­ Soledad Brothers ha­ administered in public schools are misleading because tents suggests that it may mean. editing away the film's the testers assume the students try to score as well as they rassed in prison political line. One sequence in the film is an appeal by the can. Fedar believes that many stud,ents with low scores wife of Pytor Grigorenko. Grigorenko is being brutally can read perfectly well but purposely fake incompetence mistreated in a mental hospital where he is imprisoned as a way of rebelling against a hostile school system. for his opposition to Stalinism. Reston describes Grigo­ 2 In Brief The author bases his theory on children he met in the renko as a "long-time civil rights leader," but in fact 6 In Our Opinion course of a year-long experiment at a Washington, D. C., the call repeated by the revolutionary Soviet military junior high school, particularly a "gang" offive students Letters hero, for which he was confined to the hospital, is the led by a 14-year-old girl. All five were bright and good 7 Women: The Insurgent call for a return to the workers democracy of Lenin's readers, but they had been classified as functional illiter­ Majority time. The capitalist media is always pleased to be able ates because tliey deliberately played dumb on tests and 8 The National Picketline to point to the lack of political freedom in the bureau­ in classes. cratized workers states, but in doing so it is usually car~ 20 In Review ful to conceal the fact that the masses of people in these FASCISTS KILL STRIKE ORGANIZER: A man dis­ countries remain loyal to the planned economy, that the tributing leaflets to Madrid construction workers, urging freedom they seek is the genuine freedom of a revolu­ them to join a strike for higher wages, was shot to death tionary democracy, that they have no interest in restor­ by the Civil Guards Sept. 13, according to the Washington THE MILITANT ing capitalism. VOLUME 35/NUMBER 35 Post. The tiny item in the Sept. 14 issue did not give the OCTOBER l, 1971 victim's name, but identified him as a member of the CLOSING NEWS DATE- Sept. 22 "workers commission" conducting the strike. These com­ GAY FIGHTS DISCHARGE BY NAVY: Without chal­ missions include socialists, Communists and others; they Editor: MARY-ALICE WATERS are illegal in the eyes of the fascist government. "Labor Technical Editor: JON BRITTON lenging his defense attorney's claim that Navy dentalman Business Manager: SHARON CABANISS Ronald Stinson had the record of a "good to exemplary sources predicted," the Post said, "that the organizer's Southwest Bureau: HARRY RING, 1107 1/2 N. Western seaman," an administrative board voted 3 to 2 Sept. 8 death could lead to demonstrations and to the enlarg~ Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. 90029. Tel: (213) 463-1917. to give Stinson a "general discharge under honorable ment of the strike." Published weekly by The Militant Publishing Ass'n., 14 conditions" after finding him guilty of "committing a Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. Phone: Editorial homosexual act." Stinson, who says he is gay but denied MARTHA MITCHELL EMBARRASSES HER SON: Mar­ Office (212) 243-6392; Business Office (2i 2) 929-3486. that this in any way affects his service in the Navy, was tha Mitchell's son, Army Lt. C. Jay Jennings, is often Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. Subscrip­ found guilty on evidence sent to. the Navy by an ex-lover embarrassed by his mother's statements, according to an tion: domestic, 56 a year; foreign, 57.50. By first-class interview he had with an Associated Press reporter last mail: domestic and Canada, 522, all other countries, in retaliation for Stinson's breaking off with him. While 524. Air printed matter: domestic and Canada, 526; a general discharge is less damaging than a dishonorable month in Vietnam, where he is now stationed. "Remem­ Latin America and Europe, 540; Africa, Australia, Asia or an undesireable discharge, Stinson plans· to fight for ber when she said the war was over?'' Jennings asked. (including U.S.S.R.), 550. Write for sealed air postage a completely honorable discharge as far as he can take Commenting that the statement caused "a lot of adverse rates. Signed articles by contributors do not neces­ opinion," Jennings said, "Well, I wrote her saying the war ssarily represent The Militant's views. These are ex· the case, according to the Sept. 9 Washington Post. His pressed in editorials. case is being handled by the American Civil Liberties is still a physical reality in this country.. ~ " Union. "'-LEE SMITH

2 Subscription sales ahead in. tbe first week of drive for 30,000 By SHARON CABANISS that they do not have enough time to team reports that interest in The Mili­ mittee chapters, and Young Socialists SEPT. 21- The fall1971 Militant sub­ cover all the schools available in their tant's coverage of the Attica massacre for Jenness and Pulley campaigner scription drive for 30,000 new readers area. was high in Upstate New York. The groups. They have also received sev­ got off to a successful start with 3,193 The national sub teams have set the team will be selling this week at dem­ eral requests to join the Young So­ subscriptions in the first week! This pace by selling 1,013 subscriptions, onstrations in Buffalo and Rochester. cialist Alliance. is 466 more than the 2, 727 necessary which is fully one-third of the total Moore said they have been selling With this very promising beginning, to keep on schedule. The first 20 areas received to date. Reports from the four mainly "to women on the abortion it's very important not to let up, but listed on the Scoreboard are on time teams indicate that this is only the issue and to Blacks on our support to carefully organize the drive in each or ahead of schedule this week. beginning. to the Black liberation movement. area to get over the hump in the f'll'st Terry Hillman on the Southern team Black women in particular are really few weeks. Oakland-Berkeley sub sellers felt so reports that they were kicked off cam­ interested in knowing about the abor­ confident after selling 104 subs, they pus by the police at the predominant­ tion campaign. Colgate and Utica The general campaign to increase have already increased their_ initial ly Black Norfolk State College in Vir­ were really great to sell at. Every other the circulation of The Militant con­ quota from 1,000 to 1;600! One per­ ginia. The Student Government then person would buy a sub. Most people tinued this week with many areas or­ son sold 11 subs over the phone to promised to get them permission to we sold to felt that they should know dering increased bundles of the issue teachers he works with in the teachers sell or they would sell for them. Hill­ what's going on and bought a sub." featuring the Attica Massacre. Al­ union. man found that at Hampton Institute, Along with selling hundreds of Mili­ though complete results are not in Twin Cities has turned in the largest another largely Black campus, she tant subscriptions and single issues, yet, initial sales have been very good. number, 311, which is more than 25 was able to sell 20 subs to women in the four teams have distributed over New York City, for example, sold over percent of their 1,200 quota! They less than two hours. At Old Dominion, 10 thousand antiwar, antiabortion and 350 at an Attica protest demonstration have sold the bulk of these by travel­ the largest campus in Norfolk, the Socialist Workers Party 1972 election in Harlem. ling 30 to 80 miles into Wisconsin team of four sold 7 5 subs in three campaign leaflets and brochures. The If you would like to help sell sub­ twice a week because the schools in hours. They ordered 1,000 of the spe­ response has been enthusiastic, and scriptions, send your quota into the Minnesota are not open yet. The sub cial issue on the Attica Massacre to many young people have been met Militant Business Office today. The drive directors, Louie Co bet and Marty sell this week. who want to set up abortion repeal deadline for the weekly scoreboard Anderson, report their only worry is Sally Moore on the Mid-Atlantic coalitions, Student Mobilization Com- is Tuesdays. Subscription scoreboard Area Quota New Upper West Side, N.Y. 1,250 58 Subs Racine-Kenosha, Wis. 25 1 Geneseo, N.Y. 5 13 Seattle, Wash. 600 23 Travis AFB, Calif. 10 14 Madison, Wis. 300 1 1 Davenport, Iowa 10 3 Atlanta, Ga. 750 27 Austin, Texas 375 108 San Jose, Calif. 60 2 Twin Cities, Minn. 1,200 311 Brooklyn, N.Y. 1,250 34 Bloomington, Ind. 150 32 East lansing, Mich. 80 2 Washington D. C. 600 124 Edinboro, Pa. 40 1 Marietta, Ohio 10 2 Nashville, Tenn. 45 1 Philadelphia, Pa. 1,000 178 Amherst, Mass. 100 2 Paterson, N.J. 25 4 Knoxville, Tenn. 100 2 State College, Pa. 20 3 Tampa, Fla. 150 3 Binghamton, N.Y. 100 14 Chicago, Ill. 2,000 38 Cleveland, Ohio 1,000 132 Kansas City, Mo. 300 3 Detroit, Mich. 1,200 149 Tallahassee, Fla. 200 2 Boulder, Colo. 100 12 Portland, Ore. 400 2 San Francisco, Calif. 1,300 145 El Paso, Texas 50 1 Worcester, Mass. 200 21 DeKalb, Ill. 120 0 San Antonio, Texas 40 4 Claremont, Calif. 40 0 West Brattleboro, Vt. 20 2 Eugene, Ore. 50 0 Wichita, Kan. 20 2 logan, Utah 100 0 Milwaukee, Wis. 50 0 North Andover, Mass. 20 0 Ann Arbor, Mich. 100 8 Oxford, Ohio 75 0 lower Manhattan, N.Y - 1,250 100 Phoenix, Ariz. 40 0 San Diego, Calif. 200 15 Pullman, Wash. 10 0 Boston, Mass. 2,000 136 Wichita Falls, Texas 10 0 Denver, Colo. 700 47 National Teams 6,0001,013 Connecticut 200 13 Mid-Atlantic . (391) Oakland-Berkeley, Cal 1,600 104 Southern (267) Subscribe now to the fastest growing radical newspaper in long Island, N.Y. 200 12 Western (225) the U.S. for weekly on-the-spot coverage of the trials of los Angeles, Calif. 1,550 89 Southwest (130) Houston, Texas 600 33 General 325 124 Angela Davis and Ruchell Magee. While most papers try Providence, R.I. 200 11 TOTAL TO DATE 3,193 to cover up the lies and crimes of the capitalist class, The Jacksonville, Fla. 40 2 GOAL 30,000 Militant reports the truth about th.e murder of George Jackson and the massacre at Attica. Reporters were on the spot in Attica last week and at the Tombs in New York last year bringing Militant readers the facts. The Militant has been in the forefront of defense of all political prisoners, along with carrying up-to-date reports on the radicalization in the prisons. BYll!~tiJJ~-~g!!.!qtsJI~!L(t_ Enclosed is $1 for 10 weeks of The Militant. Enclosed is $2 for three months of the International Socialist Review and 10 weeks of The Militant. Send me a full year of The Militant for $6. I'm a Gl. Send me six months of The Militant for $1.50. I'm a prisoner. Send me six months of The Militant free.

AddressNarne----~------______City------State ______Zip ______Photo by Richard Gambrell National sub-selling teams are setting the pace. Here, the 14 Charles Lane, N.Y., N.Y. 10014 West Coast team stops at the University of the Pacific, Stock­ ton, California.

THE MILITANT/OCTOBER 1, 1971 3 Support widens for abortion campaign By KIPPDAWSON calling for the repeal of all abortion 17 at the University of California in Coordinating Committee of WONAAC WASHINGTON, D. C.- The new na­ laws. These include the American Civ­ Berkeley. Tentative plans include a will be held Oct. 2, beginning at noon, tional office of the Women's National il Liberties Union, the American teach-in Friday night and constituen­ at the YWCA at 2230 Withrel St. in Abortion Action Coalition has been Friends Service Committee, the Amer­ cy and implementation workshops Sat­ Detroit. This meeting is open to rep­ enthusiastically received in Washing­ ican Medical Women's Association, the urday and Sunday. The focus of the resentatives of all organizations sup­ ton, D. C. National offices of many American Public Health Association, conference will be on building West porting WONAAC's abortion law re­ groups have already indicated an in­ Church Women United, the District of Coast participation in the San Fran­ peal campaign. terest in WONAAC's Nov. 20 demon­ Columbia Commission on the Status cisco march on Nov. 20. (For more The agenda will include discussion strations and other activities for the of Women, Unitarian-Universalist As­ information on West Coast activities, of a national endorser campaign, fi­ repeal of all antiabortion laws. sociation, the· United Auto Workers, contact the Women's Abortion Coali­ nances, march route for the Nov. 20 These include the American Associa­ the United Christian Church, the Unit­ tion, 130 lOth St., San Francisco, March on Washington, rally for the tion of University Women, the Amer­ ed Presbyterian Church of the U. S. A., Calif. 94103, phone: 415-864-0500.) Nov. 20 demonstration, a national ican Home Economics Association, the Urban League, the Young Wom­ Additional WONAAC conferences Women's Commission of Inquiry on the American Nurses Association, the en's Christian Association, the Nation­ National Student Association's Wom­ al Medical Association, the United en's Division, Psi Chi (the honorary Church of Christ, the Student Ameri­ £[[[)ffi1PTI®I(J psychology society), B'nai B'rith can Medical Association, and the N a­ Women, the National Asso,ciation of tional Council on Crime and Delin­ ISAWOMAN•s Social Workers, the American Feder­ quincy. ation of State, County and Municipal WONAAC has found that an ag­ RIGHT TO CHOOSE Employees, the White House Confer­ gressive approach pays off in reach­ ence on Children and Youth, the Na­ ing out to involve groups in WONAAC MIIUJBO• tional Association for the Advance­ activities. By going through the phone ~~~I(][[)@@ ment of Colored People, Planned Par­ book and meeting wjth representatives enthood, the United Methodist Church, of almost any organization with a -~I(] ~InillRl@TI~® and the American Psychological As­ sizable female constituency, WONAAC sociation. has discovered new groups which sup­ NOVEMBER20 Most of these groups, as well as port the abortion law repeal cam­ many others that WONAAC is still paign, has laid the groundwork for BBPBIL ILL &•TilBOBTIO. LAWS contacting, have recently passed reso­ new contingents in the Nov. 20 dem­ &allliST FOBC:BD STBBILIZITIO. & lutions calling for the repeal of all onstrations, and has broadened WO­ BBSTBIC:TIVB C:O.TBICBPTIO. LAWS antiabortion laws. Among the most NAAC's national decision-making WOMEN'S NATIONAL ABORTION ACTION COALITION interesting of these is the resolution bodies. 917 15th ST. N. W .. Rm. 502, WASH. D. C. 20005 . passed July 1, 1971, by the annual The WONAAC national office has Above is an actual size reproduction of sticker available from meeting of the American Home Eco­ also received reports that campus and nomics Association. It reads in part: high school women have set up abor- · WONAAC, 100 for 50 cents. "Whereas a responsible position con­ tion campaign literature tables and have been scheduled for the Seattle­ Abortion, task force organizing, litera­ cerning abortion should be based on begun publicity and outreach work at Portland-Vancouver area in Seattle ture and publications, and litigation the rights of the individual woman, schools across the country. In sev­ Oct. 2, in Atlanta for the Georgia area and legislation. her family and society, and whereas eral areas, special task forces of Black, Oct. 16, and in Houston for the Texas New education and publicity mate­ the present legal structure in many Chicana, Native-American, Latina, area Oct. 13 and 14. In addition, rials are now available, including states fosters illegal abortions under and Asian-American women have be­ WONAAC will be participating in the stickers, posters, brochures and leaf­ hazardous conditions; therefore be it gun to organize for the Nov. 20 national conferences of the National lets, buttons, endorser cards, and a resolved that the American Home Eco­ March on Washington and the San Association for the Repeal of Abortion new national newsletter. Special bro­ nomics Association support the repeal Francisco demonstration. Other task Laws and. the Society for Humane chures and leaflets are available for of laws restricting or prohibiting abor­ forces, including Church women, mili­ Abortion, as well as local conferences Black, Chicana, and Asian-American tions performed by a duly licensed tary women, psychologists, medical including a Kalamazoo, Mich., Wom­ women. Questions, literature orders, physician." women, and working women, are in en's Liberation Conference and a and contributions can be addressed . Since the development of the wom­ the process of formation. women's health conference in Chapel to WONAAC, 917 15th St. N. W., Suite en's abortion movement, many other A West Coast WONAAC conference Hill, N.C. 502, Washington, D. C. 20005, phone ,organizations· hAve .passed resolutions is planned for the weekend of Oct. 15- The next meeting of the National (202) 34 7-0946.

By CAROLINE LUND the EEOC has no power to enforce to come up in the House for a vote There are two antidiscrimination bills Title VII- it can only attempt to con­ in late September. presently before Congress which could, vince employers to stop discriminat­ This measure was proposed as an Defeats if passed, mean major steps forward ing, through "conciliation efforts." amendment to an $18-billion higher for the women's rights struggle. One The bill would also have extended education bill. This is the first time is a bill that would strengthen the the coverage of Title VII to 10 million legislation has been brought before for two jurisdiction and enforcement of Title s.tate, federal and local government Congress dealing specifically with st'x VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, employees, including teachers. As it discrimination in education. The Sen­ which bars discrimination in employ­ now. stands, Title VII specifically ex­ ate measure would have barred feder­ ment on the basis of sex, race, color, empts state and local governments al funds from any institution which equal religion, or national origin. The other and educational institutions from hav­ discriminates on the basis of sex in is a bill to bar federal aid to colleges ing to comply with its provisions. admissions, hiring of faculty, or sal­ and universities which practice sex dis­ What the House did was to dump aries of faculty. rights crimination in admissions policies, or this bill and pass an alternative, wa" A similar measure is pending in the in hiring or salaries of faculty. tered-down version which even Dem­ House, which would make exceptions However, the prospects for passage ocrats in the House say is "almost to allow the continued existence of of these bills does not look good. worse than nothing." certain one-sex schools, such as mili­ bills Each bill has suffered a defeat in Con­ tary service academies and religious gress- one in the House and one in The watered-down version would al­ institutions like seminaries. the Senate-which demonstrates the low the EEOC to file court suits In hearings on sex discrimination opposition of the capitalist politicians against discriminating employers, but in higher education, Representative in Congress to measures which could not to issue "cease and desist" orders. Martha Griffiths (D-Mich.) testified that help eliminate sex and race discrimi­ Also, this alternative bill would not in Virginia last year, 21,000 women nation. The defeat of each of these broaden jurisdiction of Title VII to were turned down for admission to bills in one house is most likely re­ state and local governments. In ad­ state schools, while no men were lated to the solid support of Congress dition, noted the Sept. 17 Washington turned down. for the present wage freeze, which also Pos~ the bill passed by the House The widespread existence of sex dis­ freezes the inequalities in wages and would take away some existing rights: crimination in colleges has been illus­ jobs due to discrimination against "There would be a six-month delay trated by the large number of com­ women and oppressed nationalities. in seeking court action, class action plaints being brought before the Dg­ These capitalist politicians do not want suits to help large groups would be partment of Health, Education and women and Black people upsetting the forbidden and individuals could not, Welfare. Last year, an executive order wage freeze by fighting for equal pay as now, seek relief under other was established banning sex discrim­ and for back pay due them because laws.... " ination by federal government con­ of discrimination. Opponents of the original, stronger tractors or subcontractors in educa­ On Sept. 16, the House of Repre­ bill pointed out that it could lead to tional institutions, and the HEW was sentatives took up the bill to strength­ orders to end discriminatory practices authorized to enforce this order. en Title VII. This bill would have in hiring police, fire departments, and Since then, HEW has received 250 empowered the Equal Employment many other areas. The original bill complaints, from individuals and Opportunities Commission (EEOC) to would also have made it much harder from the Women's Equity Action issue "cease and desist" orders to force to practice sex or race discrimination League, the National Organization for employers to stop sex discrimination against school teachers and principals. Women, and campus women's groups. practices. The other measure, banning dis­ HEW has conducted investigations of The EEOC is the body set up under crimination in higher education, was 82 educational institutions so far, and Title VII to investigate charges of dis­ defeated in the Senate in late August. all of them were found to be practic­ Photo by Randy Furst crimination. As it presently stands, A modified version of it is expected ing sex discrimination.

4 From Intercontinental Press it was more or less normal. in his pocket- a little more than $10. By JOSEPH HANSEN By Tuesday evening, however, it He told the stewardesses about his MEXICO CITY, September 19- In was clear that something unusual was plight and one of them gave him twen­ an interview here today, Hugo Blanco, afoot. The police took him to the air­ ty pesos to help out when he reached Statement the well-known Peruvian peasant lead­ port. The Trotskyist leader's first Mexico City. er, told how he was deported from thought was that he was being exiled When the plane landed late in the by Hugo Peru by the Velasco government. to the Selva (jungle). It is not always evening, immigration officials were He left the house Monday evening certain that a prisoner will return alive waiting for him at the door of the September 13 to buy a few items at from a concentration camp in that plane as he stepped out. The captain the drugstore. The two policemen out­ region. However, Blanco changed his handed the officials the papers. Blanco side, posted to watch his comings and mind when he noted that he was being Blanco was taken to a building in The following appeal was made by · goings, told him he was wanted at taken to "international departures." another part of the city, maintained Hugo Blanco In Mexico City Sept. for aliens of uncertain status. It was 19. It is reprinted from the Sept. 27 now two days since the police had Intercontinental Press. seized him and Blanco still did not At tbe beginning of this month, the know whether Mexico City was his Peruvian teaching profession, orga­ ultimate destination. He spent the nized in the Federaci6n Nacional de Hugo Blanco night in a dormitory which had about Educadores del Peru [National Feder­ ten double bunks. There were other ation of Educators], initiated a strike aliens there, but no one from Peru. of national scope in answer to there­ The Mexican immigration officials fusal of the government to improve seemed puzzled by his case. They said their precarious living conditions, con­ they had never seen anything like it. ditions that contrast vividly· with the d IO His passport, they told Blanco, was opulence in which the military lives. completely new; in fact his photograph In spite of the efforts of the reaction­ showed he was still wearing the same ary forces and the government, the clothes he had on when it was taken. strike movement was growing strong­ He was dressed like he had just got er day by day, supported as it was off the job. His tourist card was like­ by the students, their parents, and wise perfectly valid, having been is­ broad sectors of the population. sued by the Mexican embassy in The military junta, frightened at the Lima. But, strangely, his baggage dimensions of the movement, opted consisted of two blankets. Strangest for a repression and violently broke of all, he did not have any money; up the teachers' demonstrations, jail­ that is, the amount of money a tourist ing hundreds of teachers, students, and normally carries. There was nothing workers. Finally, the junta announced whatever, either in the passport or the that they had deported various per­ Mexican tourist card, to confirm the sons, including student and faculty story he told about having been de­ strike leaders and myself. ported from Peru. I have been deported to Mexico, While they carried out an investiga­ where fortunately I have been given tion, the immigration authorities held permission to reside . as a "visitante" him in their special building. They [visitor], but I am ignorant of the treated him with the utmost courtesy. fate of the rest of my "deported" col­ Yesterday, Blanco said, he was leagues. The press remains silent. brought to the gobernaci6n, the de­ Could it be that the Peruvian govern­ partment exercising final authority on ment has killed them? Are they hesi­ cases such as his. The Mexican gov­ tating before carrying out the deed? ernment, the official in charge told As a revolutionist and as a Peru­ him, had decided to grant him the vian, I am worried about the fate of status of a "visitante" (visitor). my friends. I demand that the Peru­ The government had also decided to vian government inform the world as give him a work permit so that he to what they have done with these stu­ could obtain a job. This is the equiva­ dents and strike leaders they say they lent of "resident" status in the United have deported. Hugo Blanco States. For an alien in Mexico, as I appeal to the student and political elsewhere, this is a very favorable organizations, the unions, and the in­ headquarters to answer a few ques­ The police put him aboard a Braniff situation. Blanco is scheduled to re­ tellectuals who have in the past been tions. plane about 10:00 p.m. They handed ceive the work permirtomorrow. able to stay the murderous hand of "But I have to get some medicine the captain of the plane some papers The authorities told Blanco that rep­ the military to mobilize once again at the drugstore." that evidently had to do with his case. resentatives of the United States Com­ in defense of Peruvians whose lives "Good. Let's go." Blanco did not have the slightest idea mittee for Justice to Latin American are in danger. This is a matter of the The police went with him to make of the destination of the plane. Bolivia Political Prisoners had come from most extreme urgency. Immediate ac­ the purchases and accompanied him or some other country where the gov­ New York and inq. uired about his tion is called for to achieve the libera­ back to the house. ernment might welcome the opportu- situation the previous evening. This tion and the safety of these fighters. There Hugo picked up a blanket. nity to shoot him? · was the first that Blanco had any Their lives depend on us! "What do you want that for?" asked "Where is the plane going?" Hugo intimation of the concern felt by de• one of the cops. asked one of the passengers. fenders of civil liberties in many coun­ "Just in case." "To Panama and the Canal Zone." tries when the news was received from At the headquarters of the state se­ "I thought to myself," said Blanco, several wire services that he had been curity police in Lima, Blanco wa~ "'they're going to dump me in the deported to Panama. Bolivian questioned for some hours. It was a canal.'" A representative of the Mexican strange inquiry. The officialin charge The plane landed at Panama government then took Blanco in an was interested only in Blanco's politi­ City at about 4:00 a.m. Wednesday. automobile to a good hotel, paid for Trotskyists cal position in relation to the Velasco Blanco was evidently expected. The a room for him, and presented him government. Why did he remain in captain of the plane handed the papers with 800 pesos [$64~ for living ex­ killed . opposition? to officials of the Panamanian gov­ penses to help tide him over until he Four members of the Bolivian Trot­ Thus the conversation concerned the ernment and they took Blanco to a can get work. skyist organization, the Partido agrarian reform and its lack of thor­ barracks of the "pumas"- the national When Blanco was told of the dispo­ Obrero Revolucionario (Revolution­ oughness, the class nature of the Ve­ guard. There he was kept under sur­ sition of his case, the official in charge ary Workers Party), were killed in Au­ lasco regime, and so on. veillance until about 2:00p.m. He was gave him his Peruvian passport. This gust during · the struggle against the Blanco thought that perhaps they then placed on a Pan American plane tui:ned out to be a curious document. coup by right-wing Colonel Banzer would hold him for only twenty-four bound for Mexico and the papers .were True, it was brand new. That was in Bolivia. One revolutionary peasant hours, the legal limit unless charges handed to the captain. his picture, evidently a print of the leader who was killed, Tomas Cham­ are flled. By then, his lawyer, Dr. The plane landed in. Costa Rica. front "mug" photograph taken by the hi, was a member of the Central Com­ Alfredo Battilana, would "demand to Blanco was told to stay aboard until police last Tuesday in Lima, but the mittee of the POR. know the charges, and the govern­ the plane took off thirty minutes later. fingerprint placed on the page for The Sept. 20 Intercontinental Press ment would have difficulty in present­ In Nicaragua, where another stop identification purposes was not his. reported that 500 persons have been ing any, since Blanco had violated was made, he was again not permitted And the signature was an absolutely arrested since the coup, according to no laws whatsoever since he was re­ to disembark. At San Salvador, the illegible scrawl evidently made with a sources in La Paz. The Sept. 13 issue leased from El Front6n last December. next stop, Blanco was held in a room pen wielded at high speed. of The Nation said that 11 0 persons The police were rather polite. They by the immigration authorities until A mystery thus remains. Whose fin~ were killed and 600 wounded in the did not beat him, and they permitted the plane was ready to resume flight. gerprint is it? General Velasco's? And coup d'etat. members of his family to bring him In Guatemala, he was again kept on the signature? Is that an effort by some food and another blanket. board the plane. In. this country, in­ General Velasco to write the name During the day the police took famous for its repression and its tor­ "Hugo Blanco"? Perhaps some day, photographs of him-the usual front ture, Blanco preferred to stay in the after the socialist revolution wins in and proflle "mug" shot. Blanco did plane. Peru, these two mysteries will be not pay much attention to this, as Blanco had only about 450 soles cleared up.

THE MILITANT/OCTOBER 1, 1971 5 - In No whitewash! Once again the utter and complete lies of the prison authorities have Letters been exposed. The autopsy report issued Sept. 21 confirmed that Sole­ dad Brother George Jackson was shot in the back and not, as prison Huntingdon prisoner have a class that shows us the rela­ officials claimed, through the top of the head from a guard tower as tion of underdeveloped countries to I am writing to thank you and your the developed ones in terms of eco­ he was trying to escape. staff at The Militant for sending me nomic, historical and political rela­ This little bit of truth came to light within days after the lies of the your paper. I wrote to the Young tionships, i.e., Latin America, S. E. Attica authorities were also exposed. And today a few more Americans Socialist Alliance, and I guess they. Asia, ·S. Africa, etc. than yesterday understand that the capitalist rulers and their merce­ gave my name to you. This class is being taught by a naries cold-bloodedly murder defenseless human beings, that they . I believe that Linda Jenness will very sincere man who has in the be a beautiful president and that she course of his teachings made us then deny it and systematically set out to make the public believe that will tell the capitalists where it is at. the victims were the criminals. aware of your organization. He I have passed The Militant around suggested that we write you for a The full truth must come out! and all my brothers here, white and better understanding of what is In the wake of the Attica Massacre, the speed with which different Black, say Right On. really happening. government agencies rushed to announce investigations was almost I'm against the war, because all it LADS hopes to begin an exchange is is mass murder of people like us of p~blications with you. We hope Qbscene. Every conceivable body, from congressional committees to who are fighting for freedom from the American Association of Wardens and ·superintendents, announced that you can begin this service since the chains that keep us oppressed, . we have many members that enjoy an inquiry into the events at Attica. But for unmitigated gall none in jail and on the streets. In here I reading varying literature, and there matched Governor Rockefeller who promptly created commissions to am called a "lefty commie lover." is a genuine need for such literature. look into the murders he himself ordered, and to protect the civil rights Who is the real liar? To me it is In the event you can afford an ex­ this stinking system, and the money­ of the prisoners in Attica! change of literature with us, you may grabbing capitalists who send the write at the above address care of A rea/ commission of inquiry is needed. Not one composed of sup­ young and poor to fight this stink­ posedly "neutral" individuals who could I)Ot possibly come out with Sol Castano, which is our official ing war. The real war should be publication and of which you will on them, and their way of tricks the truth because they are investigating those who hired them; but a find enclosed past issues to give you commission composed of individuals who have the interests of the and taxes. a better understanding of what we I don't need any establishment prisoners and their families at heart.· A commission determined to are attempting to accomplish with paper- it is all lies. I would like our membership. Adelante, , know how each person died; how many were wounded; how the men to receive more copies of your paper The Latin American Development were treated after surrendering; if they were beaten and if so who and some material I could pass on was responsible; if they were refused medical care and if so who was to my brothers in here. There are a Society Colorado State Penitentiary lot of right-wingers in here- real responsible;. if they are being victimized now and if so who is respon­ Canon City, Colo. sible. creeps. It is a hassle to be near them and their AmeriKKKa. I am Those are the kinds of questions which must be answered and which white, but I am also a human who can only be answered by a committee composed of individuals really sees that all must be treated alike representing and responsible to the Black, Puerto Rican and Chicano and not like dogs. Peace and love Pouting infant? liberation movements, the labor movement, the women's -liberation to all at The Militant. As Ho Chi In the interests of fair-mindedness, movement, the antiwar movement, and similar independent forces. Minh said, after sorrow comes joy. I purchased an experimental sub- . scription to your "publication." I Only such a commission could produce a report that would be believed J.W. ~State Correctidnal Institution at have long held views diametrically by the masses of people who know they wifl get nothing but lies from Huntingdon, Pa. opposed to yours and those of the the "official" investigations. Communist Party. Communism, I'm It will take mass pressure to bring such a committee into existence. sure you realize, is a form of gov­ And further mobilizations, demonstrations, rallies and petitions to force ernment which works perfectly in the authorities to cooperate with it and permit access to the necessary theory but has yet to operate effi­ ciently in practice (oppression of people and records. Radical information center minority groups and literary repres­ A group of people in our commu­ Such a campaign is needed. The truth about Attica must be known! sion in Russia is ample evidence of nity- Far Rockaway, New York­ this fact). · have opened an information center Your "publication" (I use quotes to and underground library. Our ac­ indicate my personal opinion that tivities include providing information Racist arrogance about abortions, draft counseling, any madman with an offset press can "publish" something) is a superb birth control and venereal disease, It is· a rare occasion when we hear any truthful statements from the example of the inability of commu­ women's and men's consciousness­ mouths of politicians of the Democratic and Republican parties. How­ raising, political and creative work­ nism as a system to acknowledge ever, whenever they make a slip and come out with some of their shops, and some films. its own shortcomings and its stub­ real thoughts and intentions, it can be very expensive to their careers An important function of the born refusal of self-examination. You refuse to even mention an because it gives masses of Americans a glimpse of their true rottenness. Alternatives Center is our library or reading room. Our center is the only opinion which might conflict with This is what happened with Senator Edmund Muskie when, on Sept. your own. I pity you all for your place in the area for people to ob­ childishness and realize that there 8, he made the statement that he would not choose. a Black person tain underground or movement lit­ is no reasoning with a pouting in­ as a running mate because "with a Black man on the ticket we would erature. All publications remain both lose." (Apparently, the thought of a Black woman on the ticket fant. inside the library to be read by I read your "publication" and ac­ never even crossed his mind.) many people. Hopefully, we can tually tried to find some reasoning Muskie's statement displayed a disgusting racist arrogance toward include your publication. Since we in it; unfortunately I found none. Black Americans which none of his subsequent "explanations" can have no outside income, the rent, Thus I wish to cancel my subscrip­ phone costs and all expenses come cover up. He obviously expected Black people to agree that since this tion (folly-filled experiment that it from our own pockets. We are bare­ was) and offer my apologies for country, in his opinion, is so racist that a Black person would not be ly scraping together the necessary "electable," Blacks should therefore throw thei-r support to white can­ wasting so much of your already money, so if you can, we'd really misspent time. ( I would like now didates like Muskie and trust them to represent their interests. dig a subscription and/or back to dare you to be so bold as to Muskie's arrogance was more than matched, however, by the eras$ issues, free, or as free as possible. publish my letter; perhaps you are hypocrisy of President Nixon and the Republican Party National Com­ Alternatives Center not quite so closed-minded as I 18-4 7 Mott Ave., Rm. 105 mittee in their attempts to make political capital out of Muskie's state­ imagine.) Far Rockaway, N.Y. 11691 ment. Despite his pious criticisms of Muskie, Nixon certainly has no Midshipman 4C, USN ROTC Villanova, Pa. intention of running a Black candidate on his ticket either. Muskie only stated what all these Democratic and Republican party Colorado State Penitentiary politicians believe and say to each other in private but dare not say The Latin American Development to the public. Like Muskie, all of them care only about winning. They Society was very happy to hear from care nothing about the systematic oppression of Black people in this your organization and would like to Formosan self-determination country nor do they care to recognize- much less fight for- the right know that you are going to con­ As the "Ping-Pong" diplomacy be­ of Black people to control their lives. tinue to write us. tween Nixon and Mao continues, it This is just one more argument for supporting the Socialist Workers LADS is an incorporated, nonprof­ · becomes obvious to all observers it organization here in the Colorado that a roadblock stands in the way Party's 1972 presidential ticket of Lin'da Jenness and Andrew Pulley. State Penitentiary. We have approx­ of "closer" relations between the two imately 170 men in our organization countries. I am, of course, speaking and are known throughout Colorado. of the political future of Formosa, We have a number of programs to now under the heel of Chiang Kai­ aid our members and hopefully make shek. The people caught in the mid­ them a bit more aware of what is dle of this power play, and the peo­ transpiring on the national and ple who stand to lose the most are international scene. At present, we the 12 million Formosans who pres-

6 The Great ·Society Hardly worth mentioning- "WASH­ could do some undetermined amount man down. It could withdraw inspec­ ently are living as an oppressed INGTON (UPI)- The National Re­ of damage to the bearing, but assured, tion services, thus barring interstate · people under the two million Chinese search Council reported Monday that "it's not going to create any serious shipments: But pnly if the plant was ruling class, refugees from the Chi­ air polluted by lead was a potential bearing problem." unsanitary, which it's not charged with nese civil war who took over the hazard to children and some workers being. island in the late forties and have in central city neighborhoods, but not Feeling uptight?- Dr. Samuel Rosen, continued their reign by utilizing to the general population."- The Los world-famed ear surgeon, says undue Freeway gasp, they call it- Two Cal­ perpetual martial law. Angeles Times. noise stimulates the nervous system, ifornia health officials say that data The Formosans consider them­ causing a temporary constriction of accumulated in Los Angeles over a selves a nationality apart from the Pretty good odds- That National Re­ blood vessels. In turn, he explained, four-year period demonstrates that Chinese, a people with a different search Council study on lead reports this pumps "adrenaline into the blood death rates for large cities are linked history, culture and language. Even that the air in l~ge cities contains leading to the contraction of muscles, directly to the concentration of carbon Mao admitted this in 1937 and was 20 times as much lead as country an increase in the pulse rate and monoxide in the atmosphere. They are a proponent of Formosan indepen­ air. However, the report assures, the breathing rate, and irritation of the persuaded that "carbon monoxide in dence. But as is often the case, average city dweller's blood-lead con­ pupils of the eyes." the concentrations encountered in com­ Mao has changed his mind of late centration is only one-fourth the level munity air pollution is associated with and now claims Formosa to be a at which symptoms of lead poisoning Charge 22- Feldman Veal Corp. of excess mortality." province of China. begin to appear. And if you could New York was fmed $13,000 for ship­ To deal with this problem, the learn not to inhale, you could may­ ping uninspected veal adorned with Formosan Independence Movement be even get a bit below the average. forged federal inspection stamps. In For good measure- The above items has decided to call a Formosan 1948, a Feldman official was convict­ were accumulated from the press while People's Assembly on Sept. 18, 1971. Now hear this- Tests on New York's ed of bribing an Army sergeant to seated directly above the San Andres P'eng Ming-min, spokesman for the ' Long Island Expressway showed a accept unsafe meat. In '51 and again Fault. We put the paper aside after· group, said in his call for the as­ noise level just a notch below the 85- in '61, the company was convicted of finishing a report which advised that sembly, "Our fate must be decided decibel point where it begins to do shipping uninspected meat. In '68, it in addition to the certainty of future by us; we will never accept an arbi­ hearing damage. When trucks roared .was caught peddling six tons of "pu­ major earthquakes, Californians can trary decision forced upon us .from past, the testing equipment needle shot trid meat" In '69, the charge was anticipate that a number of coast vol­ the outside. Our struggle to obtain 10 decibels above the damage point. selling West Point inferior meat with canoes, previously assumed to be ex­ self-determination must be carried A U. S. Public Health official conceded counterfeit stamps. The government tinct, may blow at any time. out both inside and outside of For­ that exposure to such noise levels says it lacks the power to shut Feld- -HARRY RING mosa, and we must urgently in­ crease our strength." This aspect of the "Chinese situa­ tion," the fate of the Formosan peo­ ple, has been almost totally ignored by the press, both the bourgeois and the -movement press. It is my hope Women: that you will be able to cover the assembly in The Militant and thus help to bring this problem to light. B.B. . The Insurgent Majority Chicago, fll. In addition to forced sterUkation-ironically- women are is to assure profits to capitalists- not to assure the wel­ also faced with severe restrictions on getting a voluntary fare of its citizens and children. sterUization. Voluntary sterilization is legal in all 50 states Since June, the city has signed 115 leases with land­ Prisoners' revolutionary party except Utah, but almost all hospitals- if they permit ster­ lords for the day-care centers at very high rents. Several My brothers and sisters in the strug­ ilization at all- impose eligiblity restrictions limiting the large landlords were awarded the leases for many of the gle: I am a member of a newly operation to women or men who are relatively old and centers, and Assemblyman Franz Leich~er has charged formed revolutionary party. We who already have a number of chUdren. that the city has made the day-care program into "a seek to reeducate ourselves and all The principle underlying both of these problems is the boondoggle for the benefit of a few fast-buck real estate of like persuasion here. same: women are prevented from making their own de­ operators." We respect our brothers and sis­ cisions about their own bodies. The doctor or the hos­ The city didn't draw up a plan of where the new day­ ters and comrades of The Militant pital presumes to decide what's supposedly best for the care centers should be set up on the basis of the greatest immensely for explaining, as it is, woman-that she should be sterilized, or that she should need; it simply rented buildings that the big landlords the "contradiction of freedom" in a not be sterilized suggested. So that seven centers were purchased in one clear, simple manner, and the Black Florence Cafarelli from Peekskill, N.Y., is 26 and bas area- some only three blocks apart- whUe in any poverty- praxis needed to pursue abolition three chUdren. She is suing Peekskill Community Hos­ stricken areas will have no centers at all. · of same. pital for refusing to allow her doctor to perform the ster­ Jule Sugarman of the city's Human Resource Admini­ We are in need of literature for a ilization operation in the hospital. The New York Civil stration pointed out at a bearing that in some cases of re-education program and workshop. Liberties Union is handling this case, and it presently multiple ownership by landlords of day-care sites, the We of the Black people's party seek has three similar cases in New York City. landlords also owned the construction firms paid by the periodicals, Third World newspapers. Expressing her determination to run her own life, Flo­ city to rehabilitate the buUdings. We ask for your permitting our re­ rence Cafarelli told the Aug. 29 New York Times: "At Earlier, in June, a public hearing was held at City ceipt of same free, as we have no first you say to yourself, there must be something wrong Hall in response to widespread protests over a raise in great or even small financial access with me, to want something society doesn't approve of. city day-care fees and more restrictive eligibUity rules. or backing. Then you wake up and say, gee, I'm going to look out Helen Borel, co-coordinator of the chUd-care committee I am from Philly. A 19-year-old for myself for a change, for my own welfare and happi­ of the National OrganJzation for Women, testified at the brother who just put down that rot­ ness. I have at least 20 more fertne years,.and no birth hearing, saying, ". . . we believe a society which places ten, corrupted and selfish gang war control is 100 percent safe and effective. Besides, birth chDdren last among priorities, . . . a society that allows -stepping on our brothers and control is for spacing chUdren. I want permanent birth few cbUdren to benefit and most chUdren to suffer is a ripping them off, all in the name of prevention." sick s~ety. Because we believe this, the National Orga­ a gang. Now I know that there is nization for Women does not ask for 24-hour, free chUd genocide being committed against Eight nuns who are teachers at parochial schools in Chap­ care avaUable to all, WE DEMAND IT NOW I" Blacks and all oppressed people, el Hill and Asheville, N.C., have refigned from their and I owe my life to the people to posts in protest against an order. by the bishop that they In addition to the profit-making off city day care, another fight against the oppressors. must stop wearing secular clothing. The bishop contended example has come to light of attempts to make profits May we hear from you in this that secular clothes produced "an overtone of worldli­ off of women trying .to exercise their right to have an regard? This is written on behalf of ness." Sister Grace, one of the nuns, said they would like abortion in New York City. Hospitals in New-York have members of this same political so­ to return to theli' jobs, but "only if the bishop changes reported a widespread practice of cab drivers charging exhorbitant fees for driving out-of-state women from New ciety. Right On. The struggle will his min~ or we get a new bishop." be won when the oppressed people York airports to hospitals for abortions. Most of these put up the gun. On Sep~ 13, charges were dropped by the Suffolk, N.Y., women have no knowledge of the city- of cab fares or AT. S. . district attorney's office against Nancy Manfredonia and of the city's geography- and they are often frightened State Correctional Institution at Bill Baird for allegedly endangering the morals of a about the abortion to begin with. So they are easy prey Dallas, Pa. child. Nancy Manfredonia had her child with her during for these cab drivers. part of a lecture by Bill Baird on birth control and abor­ Numerous women had told the hospitals that they had tion at a women's liberation meeting. The D. A said, to pay up to $50 for the ride from the airport The Sept The letters column is an open forum however, that he -was planning to bring three new felony 9 New York Times reported that one woman who was for all viewpoints on subjects of gen­ charges against Baird in relation to the lecture. The returning from the hospital to the airport after an abor­ ~ral interest to our readers. Please charges have not yet been revealed. tion told how the cab driver "said he knew why she had keep your letters brief. Where neces­ been at the hospital and proceeded to make indecent pro­ sary they will be abridged. Please in­ New York City is planning to set up over 200 new day­ posals to her. Then he said the fare to the airport would dicate if your. name' may be used or care centers. But the manner in which the city politicians be $42 and ignored her pleas to let her out." if you prefer that your initials be used are going about this project is an ugly reflection of the Such is the "free enterprise" system. instead. · fact that the biggest concern of a capitalist government - CA.ROLINE LUND

THE MILITANT/OCTOBER l, 1971 7 November·6 Countdown The National A statement on the massacre at Attica Leon Davis, president of the Drug was adopted by the Steering Commit­ and Hospital Union, RWDSU, AFI.­ tee of the National Peace Action Coali­ CIO; Harold Gibbons, vice-president tion in New York Sept. 18. About of the Teamsters; and others. Picket·Line 150 antiwar delegates representing Contrary to what many people may believe, President Nixon's Aug. 15 edict groups from throughout the mid-At­ freezing wages and his request that workers call off strikes for higher wages, lantic region unanimously voted for The Northern California Peace Action has not stopped many angry workers from using their only weapon against the statement proposed by the Third Coalition has obtained the permits for both boss .and government oppression. World Task Force of NPAC. It said, the Oct. 13 and Nov. 6 actions in San The West Coast longshoremen are still on str~ even though Harry Bridges, in part, "The National Peace Action Francisco. The site for the Oct. 13 president of the International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union, Coalition strongly condemns the bru­ rally will be the Embarcadero Plaza is trying to get the strikers to loosen up on some of the strikebound cargo tal slaughter at Attica.... A particu­ in downtown San Francisco. The lying on the docks and in ships at anchor in the ports. larly galling aspect of Nixon's ap­ Nov. 6 march route will be the same proval of the Attica massacre is the as the route for April 24-through The four-and-a-half-month-long strike against the Pittsburgh Press Co. is still ·contrast between the treatment of Lt. downtown to the Polo Field for a ral­ on, despite the fad that some of the craft unions have signed contracts. The Calley, who at Nixon's command re­ ly. The Northern California regional Teamsters reached a tentative agreement with the Press Sept. 14 which its mem­ mains in his bachelor's apartment, antiwar conference will take place Oct. bers were expected to approve. The Building Service Employees Union of and the savage violence directed at 1-2 at San Francisco City College. Pittsburgh still maintain their picket lines against Pittsburgh Press in an effort the men imprisoned at Attica" It will begin .at 8 p.m. Oct. 1 with a to win wage increases comparable to those won by the printers in August. keynote rally. The Student Mobilization Committee Many teachers throughout the country took up picket signs instead of text­ National steering Committee will meet The Executive Board of Minnesota books on the opening day of school in early September when they learned at Wayne State University in Detroit Federation of Teachers Local 59 that the new contracts with increased wages due for the new school year, would Sept. 25. unanimously adopted a resolution not be honored. The teachers in Levittown, N.Y., were out for three days. Throughout October, two national Sept. ·15 calling for its members to They won· their point, but like all other workers who have wage increases leaders of the SMC, Debby Bustin and participate in "the peaceful, orderly coming to them from current strikes or from second or third year contracts, assemblies for peace on Nov. 6 and Geoff Mirelowitz, will be on national they wlll not get the money at least until after Nov. 13 and maybe not then. Retroactive raises are not part of Nixon's plans. There wilt be a united meeting "of all antiwar activists" in the New York area Sept. 30 at 7:30 p.m. in the Clover Room of District 65 The railroad workers who fought such a valiant fight a· couple of months headquarters, 13 Astor Place. A broad range of organizations have ago and were sent back to work, with the connivance of their own top lead­ ership, stlll have not settled their strike. been sent letters of invitation to the meeting, which will discuss plans The main issue, and one which the top leadership of the United Transporta­ for Oct. 13 and Nov. 6 in New York, signed by Jerry Gordon of the tion Union passed on down to the local union presidents for ratification, is National Peace Action Coalition, Norma Becker of the Vietnam Peace the change in work rules- changes which would rob thousands more rail Parade Committee, David Livingston of District 65, Brad Lyttle of the workers of their jobs.. The local presidents, under direct pressure from their People's Coalition for Peace and Justice, and Debby Bustin of the Stu­ memberships, are not anxious to put their own positions on the line by rec­ dent Mobilization Committee. ommending acceptance of the contract. One local president expressed his views in a letter to the editor of the Chi­ cago Sun-Times. George Edward Roberts, president of Local 957, chastised speaking tours to raise funds for and the buildup moratorium on Oct. 13." the newspaper for an editorial entitled "Back to work, hopefully." He calls publicize the fall antiwar actions. Bus­ The resolution also put Local 59 "on the whole edit a lie from start to finish and goes on: "The rail strike has not tin will travel to the South, New En­ record in favor of bringing all Amer­ yet been settled.... The UTU workers are victims rather than beneficiaries gland and the Midwest- Mirelowitz to ican troops home now." Besides pass­ of legislation already enacted. Responsibility for the operating personnel has the Southwest, West Coast and North­ ing the resolution, the union has des­ increased (produdivity) ... while compensation of our members has dropped west. Bustin will be in Minneapolis­ ignated an official representative to ... from third to 33rd in the last 20 years." St. Paul Oct. 2-4; in Cleveland Od. the Minnesota PAC Steering Commit­ Under the presently proposed UTU contract, if and when it is ratified, these 5-9; and in Tampa, Fla. Od. 10-12. tee, and has set up an internal com­ workers should receive an additional $1.60 a day on Oct. 1. Between Oct. 1 Mirelowitz will be in Austin, Texas, mittee to mobilize its own member­ and Nov. 12, this wlll amount to $38-mlllion. This sum wlll be retained as Oct. 1-4; in Denver Oct. 5-8; and in ship for Nov. 6. profits by the rail operators, and wlll be reflected as such in the next divi­ San Diego Od. 9-12. For more in­ dends, according to Harold C. Crotty, president of the Maintenance of Ways formation, write to the SMC, 150 Fifth Representatives of Minnesota PAC set Employees. Ave., Room 911, New York, N.Y. up a literature table and distributed Dr. Burton L. Behling, president of the American Association of Railroads, 10011. leaflets for Nov. 6 at the Sept. 18 said that this organization is not advising its members to put the $38-million convention of the National Farmers deferred wages into escrow. Looking ahead after Nov. 14, Behling said the The Nov. 6 actions in 16 cities have Organization in Detroit Lakes, Minn. railroads had not yet decided what to do after the 90-day freeze. He did ven­ received the endorsement of the N a­ The NFO delegates were receptive to ture an estimate that if the freeze continues the rail industry could profit $300- tiona! Federation of Priests Councils, MPAC's appeal for farmers to march million annually. an organization of Roman Catholic in a special contingent in Minneapolis­ The rail lines, which received an increase in freight ·rates in anticipation priests with 35,000 members. St. Paul on Nov. 6, and to MPAC's of the wage raises included in the disputed contract, are now asking for an­ linking of the war to inflation. The other freight rate boost! A full-page New York Times adver­ NFO was set up 15 years ago. Pri­ tisement for Od. 13 and Nov. 6, spon~ marily composed of family farmers, Labor Day saw its usual demagogic and phony-fight speeches by the labor sored by NPAC and PCPJ, is sched­ the NFO has organized militant bureaucrats. Without exception they promised to fight the inequities of the wage­ uled to appear the week of Sept. 26. "holding actions" in the past to de­ price freeze. Their idea of how to fight this monster which they have ·allowed The ad has been signed by more· mand an increase in the prices they to be placed on the backs of the working people is pointless and fruitless. The than 100 well-known persons from receive for farm goods. current crop of "friends of labor" have failed they say, so let's elect another the antiwar, Black liberation and set. Let's not desert the Democratic Party. Let's stay inside and reform it from Brown liberation movements; from within. trade unions, churches, the enter­ Matedal to help build the fall adions A completely different solution was offered in a leaflet distributed at a United tainment industry; from Congress is available from the national offices Auto Workers rally addressed by union president Leonard Woodcock in De­ and elsewhere. Among the sign­ of NPAC and SMC. It includes the troit. ers are Senators Birch Bayh and following items at $10 per 100- SMC The leaflet, entitled "Fight the Freeze," denounces the wage freeze, cites the Vance Hartke and a d~en congres­ Fall Adion Poster; SMC Nov. 6 but­ history of the World War II wage-price boards (which effectively froze wages sional representatives. Other signers ton, NPAC poster and NPAC button; while prices rose 26 to 30 percent) and demanded that "the UAW ... drop include Rev. Ralph Abernathy of the items available for $5 per 100 include all equivocation and announce that our contracts wlll be declared null and Southern Christian Leadership Con­ -the Student Mobilizer and GI Press void if any provisions are tampered with." · ference; Rev. Charles Koen of the Service; items available for $2 per It went on to demand that excess profits be taxed, that personal income Cairo, m., United Front; George Wi­ 100 include an NPAC brochure, a tax exemptions be increased, and that the union press for a 30 hour work­ ley and Beulah Sandera of the N a­ fall program leaflet, a Why Out Now? week at 40 hours pay. The leaflet wound up calling for united political ~ tiona! Welfare Rights Organization; leaflet, a mass action leaflet, and the tion by all workers. . Rafael· Baerga, chairman of the Move­ constituency leaflets for the women's, The leaflet, signed by the United National Caucus, Detroit Steering Com- ment for Puerto Rican Independence Black, gay, Gls and veterans, labor mittee continued: (MPI); Father Dan Berrigan; Daniel and La Raza contingents. The SMC "We therefore call upon the International Executive Board of the UAW to: Ellsberg; Jane Fonda; Rodolfo "Cor­ has stickers at $2.25 per 500, and "1) Organize in the hnmediate future a 24-hour work stoppage; ky" Gonzales of the Crusade for Jus­ NPAC has stickers at $1.25 per 300. "2) Call a congress of labor and its allies for the purpose of developing tice; Jose Angel Gutierrez, founder of All of these materials can be ordered a program and structure for independent political action." the Crystal City, Texas, Raza Unida from the two groups at 150 Fifth -MARVEL SCHOLL Party; Coretta King; Betty Friedan; Ave., New York, N.Y. 10011.

8 Over five million unemployed in August the federal government for disadvan­ "There shall be no restrictions, other taged young people has been cut back than may be required by safety regu­ from 76,000 in 1970 to 63,000 this lations, on the number of men as­ year." (Congressional Record, p. S signed to any crew or to any· job or 13904.) service. Two days after the announcement "Featherbedding practices are not to of the August unemployment levels, be recognized. the Nixon administration attempted "The principle of a fair day's work to divert attention from the unemploy­ for a fair day's pay shall be prac­ ment report. On Sept. 9, George P. ticed.... " Shultz, director of the budget, made a Commenting on the "fair day's widely publicized forecast that the job­ work" demand, USW Vice-President less rate would drop below 5 percent Joseph P. Molony stated, "If there is in 1972 if Nixon's new economic pro­ anything clear about that particular gram is enacted by Congress. Shultz's proposal, however, there is no mis­ promise isn't very convincing. taking wh.at the entire article would Nixon's economic offensive is not mean-loss of jobs, combination of designed to increase employment, de­ jobs, speedup, and an end to all past spite his claim that the proposed in­ production practices." vestment tax credit will create more One purpose of Nixon's present of­ jobs. Its central objective is to increase fensive is to accelerate this process the competitiveness of U.S. corpora­ throughout industry. tions in world trade. This is to be The speedup drive of U.S. industry achieved by freezing wages on one coupled with high levels of unemploy­ side and stepping up the already exist~ ment that already exist and are in­ ing trend toward speeding up and creasing emphasize the importance of automating production on the other. trade unions demanding a shorter Hunger picketers in Seattle Nixon is concerned with selling more workweek with no reduction in pay U. S. goods, not with the employment and full trade-union-scale wages for situation of workers. the unemployed. By DICK ROBERTS necticut's June and July rates were An editorial in the Sept. 4 issue of A shorter workweek was "discussed" On Sept. 7, the U.S. Department of the highest in more than 18 years." Business Week magazine, entitled in the recent steelworkers contract ne­ Labor announced that national un­ The unemployment rate in New York "More work for more pay," spelled gotiations but had no part in the final employment had risen for the third in July was 6.1 percent; New Jersey, out the objectives of the capitalists. settlement, exposing steelworkers to the consecutive month in August to a 7.4 percent; and Connecticut, 9.4 per­ It began by calling attention to the job losses that the U SW leaders have level of 5,115,000 jobless persons­ cent. biggest concern of U.S. industry: warned about. an unemployment rate of 6.1 percent. As is always the case under capi­ "Between 1965 and 1970, unit labor An effective opposition to Nixon's This does not include those persons talism, an economic slowdown hits the costs in manufacturing in this country attack on workers requires a national who have given up looking for a job. more oppressed sectors of society the rose 21 percent. In 10 other nations, congress of labor representing those Unemployment has now been grad­ hardest. The Labor Department flg­ costs went up no more than 15 per­ who are most affected by the attack ually increasing for over two and a ures for August showed Black unem­ cent. These countries account for -rank-and-file trade-union members, half years, since the winter of 1968-69 ployment at 9.8 percent compared to about three-fifths of the market for unorganized and unemployed work­ when Vietnam-war conscription and white unemployment of 5.6 percent. U. S. exports. They send into this ers. Such a congress could discuss spending were at their peak. In the Unemployment _ among male teen­ country four-fifths of its imports of and adopt proposals for directing the flrst quarter of 1969, the unemploy­ agers had jumped from 15.5 percent manufactured goods." united strength of the labor movement ment rate stood at 3.4 percent, a level in July to 17.3 percent in August. What to do about it? Business Week against the wage freeze, unemploy­ of 2,698,000 jobless persons. In a congressional debate Sept. 8, states: "There is only one way that ment and speedup.· High in its list This long period of rising unem­ Sen'ator Hubert Humphrey admitted labor can get the higher wages it of demands would be: "A 30-hour ployment has left some areas of the that, "Unemployment strikes especially wants: Produce more. And if this workweek with no reduction in pay! country deeply scarred by recession. hard among young .people who are means giving up cherished work rules Full union-scale wages for the unem­ The worst hit city is Seattle, Wash. poor. By June , 1971, there were and featherbed practices that restrict ployed!" On Aug. 20, the New York -Times 1,869,000 young people, aged 16 to output or reduce 'productive time on reported a survey of the job condi­ 19, out of work. [This was the level the job, labor must accept the fact that tions in Seattle and the reaction of before the August increase- D. R.] inefficiency is a luxury the U. S. can­ its residents to Nixon's economic pol­ This alarming rate of 15.8 percent not afford." icies. does not even take into account the "The city's unemployment is about hundreds of thousands of young men This policy has already been in ef­ 18 or 20 percent right now," a city and women who have been looking fect for a long time and was in fact economist, Karen Rabb, told the for jobs since the end of the school written into the settlement between the Times. "And the flgures are so unre­ year. But we are fully aware of the rail unions and rail industry this sum­ liable now, because the working wife, shocking fact that for Black youth mer. The new "work rules" adopted for example, when she's exhausted her living in poverty areas, the unemploy­ in the railroad industry have, under unemployment benefits, drops out of ment rate has reached 41.2 per­ the guise of "efficiency" (read: profits), the job market." cent. ... cost hundreds of thousands of jobs Seattle Mayor Wesley Uhlman told in the rails. the Times: "This is the most serious "But while 16- to 19-year-old unem­ But this process is by no means crisis that this area h~s faced in many ploymt:mt has more than doubled since limited to the railroad industry. Typi­ years, since the Depression." 1969, the number of Neighborhood cal industry demands were put for­ Another area of the country that has Youth Corps out-of-school job oppor­ ward to aluminum workers by the been hit hard by the recession is the tunity slots has sharply declined, from Anaconda company in June. They tri-state area of New York, New Jersey 50,000 to 36,800. were su~m arized in the July issue of and Connecticut. A Times survey Aug. "Meanwhile the administration shut Steel Labor, monthly magazine of the 30 reported "the unemployment rate down 59 Job Corps camps, ultimately United Steelworkers: in New York in July was the highest establishing only nine of the 30 inner­ "There shall be no limits on pro­ since 1964; New Jersey's July rate city Job Corps centers -it had prom­ duction by workmen nor restrictions "It says here that the corner has been was the highest in a decade, and Con- ised. . . . Even direct employment by -of the full use of tools or equipment. turned"

By FRANK LOVELL earnings because they had to supply The GPA represents thousands of The Masonite Corporation operates 1,900 more pounds in each unit of woodcutters and owners of scrub tim­ Miss. the world's largest hardboard plant wood. They are paid $20 a unit, and berland. from which wood is cut for in Laurel, Miss., where it has a $200,- often have as many as three and four paper and hardboard plants across 000 weekly payroll and dominates units on a truck. When the men pro­ the South. the lives of thousands of working tested about the new way to measure The strikers have formed a com­ strike ·the units of wood, company officials mittee to seek support from workers people. Following Nixon's wage-"price" ran them off the property. in the Masonite plant, who are mem­ freeze, the Masonite Corporation, by As a result, since Sept. 1, 200 mem­ bers of the International Woodwork­ fights arbitrarily changing its standard of bers of the Gulfcoast Pulpwood Asso­ ers of America (IWA), an AFL-CIO weights and measurements of pulp­ ciation have refused to deliver wood union. wood, has in effect reduced the pay to Masonite's hardboard plant. They The Masonite management has a pay cut of woodcutters in order to make up hope the present supply of wood will long anti-union record. In 1967, it for the "price freeze." be depleted by the end of September, provoked a strike __ of Local 5-443 of According to a Sept. 14 news re­ forcing the plant to close down or the IW A The strike began with the lease from the Southern Conference revise its pricing policy. flring of a shop steward on April Educational Fund, Masonite had been About 60 percent of the strikers are 21 and ended after seven and a half using a scaled stick to measure wood Black and according to James Sim­ months on Dec. 12. The company ef­ by tpe cubic foot, but on Sept. 1 the mons, GPA president, "There is strong fectively pitted Black and white work­ company put weight scales in its yard. unity among Black and white cutters ers against each other, smashed the The wood producers say this meant and that will be a big factor in any strike, and dictated the terms of set­ a cut of 20 to 26 percent in their victory in this dispute." tlement.

THE MILITANT/OCTOBER 1, 1971 9 this demand?" And they'd say, Gaiter: Some of the names I never tions have to be brought to an end." "Now!" H it was a demand that did get. But the one person who really You can imagine what this did to The following interview with William needed legislation, like the minimum emerged as the leader was Brother the committee. We knew we had to Gaiter, head of the BUILD organiza­ wage law, they said, "Well, we realize Richard. This is all we ever called go back and tell the prison officials tion in Buffalo and a participant on that this is going to take some legisla­ him. There was another, Brother Her­ just the way we saw it and heard it. the observer committee during the At­ tion, but we want it." bie. There was another le~er that tica prison rebellion, was obtained by We took the message back upstairs, they called Champ. There was a white Militant: So what happened? Militant reporter Derrick Morrison on and we talked to Oswald. He had brother, I don't. remember his name. Sept. 16, four days after the rebellion already told the committee that he There was a Puerto Rican brother who Gaiter: Mter the Saturday meeting, was crushed. would not negotiate the ouster of Man­ spoke for the Puerto "Rican faction BUILD (Build Unity Independence we came back upstairs and faced the cusi nor the complete amnesty. But of the council. Liberty Dignity) is an action organi­ situation for what it really was. There we began to try to put together the was no way that the prisoners were zation encompassing 150 organiza­ proposals that the state said' it would Militant: Did they elaborate on some tions in the Buffalo Black and Puerto going to agree to the proposal without agree to so that we could take it back of the demands? the ·amnesty and the ouster of Man­ Rican communities. As director of down to the inmates. BUILD, Gaiter received many phone cusi. And it appeared that there was We stayed there in a room in the Gaiter: They elaborated on each of no way we could get Oswald to dis­ calls from relatives of Attica inmates administrative building until about 3 the demands. For instance, adequate right after the rebellion started. He cuss these things. a.m. food. That's a basic necessity, they went down to see what was happen­ When we got back Sunday, we be­ We were supposed to be back at said. And we had to agree. ing and was subsequently placed on gan to wrack our brains to find a 10 o'clock the next morning. Some In terms of the ombudsman, that the observer committee-the medium solution. We decided that the solution of us got there at 10 and didn't get was not really one of their demands. through which the inmates tried to was Rockefeller. We thought that he in until after 12 and finally met with This was something that was thrown could break the impasse. arrange negoti.ations with state and the inmates at around 9:30 that night. in by the committee. We felt that after prison authorities. About 3 p.m. they began to inten­ We were supposed to have met with the rebellion there was going to be sify the activity outside our room. the inmates between 11 and 12 noon. a need for some monitoring of what We could see parts of the cellblocks Militant: Could you describe what At that time, I think most of us on was taking place there in terms of happened during the negotiations in and all the area in front where the the observer ~ommittee first felt the how the inmates were going to be state troopers were hanging around. terms of the organization of the pris­ true of the determination that treated b oners and how they treated the hos­ We could only see the tops of the build­ tages, their demands, their discus­ ing. We immediately got on the phone sions? In a sense, the observer panel to call the governor. Tom Wicker, was the only link between the prison­ Clarence Jones, and Congressman Ba­ ers and the outside. dillo talked to the governor and plead­ ed with him to come. Tom Wicker of Inside Attico= the Times almost broke into tears. Gaiter: That is right The observer committee was the ·only on-the-spot We were left with the impression that communication that the inmates had his advisors might change their po­ with the outside world. sition which was that he shouldn't I was very much impressed when come. Interview with We never heard from the governor, we went down Friday night about 10 o'clock. It was my frrst time in but we learned from the prison of­ "D" Block yard I was impressed with ficials that a statement was made by the security mechanism that they had the governor. We felt that the plea we set up. I was impressed with the at­ made to the governor prevented them Block member from attack on Sunday. Badillo told titude of the inmates in terms of how they handled the whole situation. the governor, "You can't possibly They had a council of approximate­ think about doing this on Sunday ly 11 men, and they were sitting at afternoon. Everybody is going to be the head of the table. We sat on the at home watching television and lis­ of observer teniflg to the radio, you can't pos­ other side of the table between them and the rest of the inmates. sibly do this on Sunday afternoon. We were generally informed and in­ You need time, we need time. You structed just what it was they wanted need time to alarm the mayors. What­ us to do. They read the list of de­ committee ever happens, there will be repercus­ mands and said they wanted us to sions throughout New York State. take the list of demands back to (New You've got to talk to the mayors, York State Commissioner of" Correc­ to the president." tions") Oswald and set up an arrange­ Sud"denly, everything got quiet Sun­ ment for him to negotiate. day afternoon. When we got the mes­ sage that the governor wasn't com­ Prior to going down, we had been ing, we discussed sending a delegation told by Oswald that he would not go to see him. We decided against it. For into the yard again. I understand that one thing, we weren't sure whether the he had been down a couple times governor would see us. And ~orne Thursday and he was quite shaken. of us felt that if we publicized that He decided that he would not go down we were going, it would make him again. The man was just scared to think he didn't have to talk to the death. inmates, he just could talk to the com­ But after being down in the block mittee and we'd pass the word on a while, my apprehension and ten­ to the inmates. sion was relieved. I began to feel re­ About 11 :30 Sunday night we de­ lated to the people there. They made cided that half of the committee would it very clear to us that they did not stay and half would leave. We asked intend for us to negotiate their de­ Oswald when the attack was coming­ mands, but simply to relay the de­ since he had issued an ultimatum that mands, interpret them, and to make day. He wouldn't tell us, but finally provisions for negotiations between he told us to come back in the morn­ them and the prison authorities. ing, making us think that he wouldn't attack before morning, but neverthe­ Militant: What was the composition the inmates had in terms of getting we demanded that there be an om­ less we decided not to take a chance. of the prisoner committee in terms redress to these demands. They took budsman program set up to follow Half of us stayed, I was one of them. of Black, white and Puerto Rican? the list, the proposal that we brought up on the implementation of the de­ The next morning about 7 a.m. they down, and they told us that it was no mands. said that we would not be allowed into Gaiter: The council was made up of good. That it was a sellout. That if the cellblock or to talk to Oswald. approximately one white, two or three they accepted it they would be selling Militant: What about the inmates com­ ·Then they claimed they would keep Puerto Rican brothers, and the rest out not only th~mselves, but brothers mittee that was demanded? us informed. Finally at 8:20 a.m. they were Black. The makeup of the pris­ in prisons all over this country. said they had given the inmates an on population was probably similar- They were not saying we had sold Gaiter: That is simply a grievance hour to surrender. At 8:50 they said 80-85 percent Black, 10 percent Puer­ them out. They were saying that if committee. They wanted to be able that the inmates had asked for a few to Rican and 5 percent white. they /agreed to the list they would be to have their representatives sit down minutes to talk it over. They said selling out. with the administration every three they had given them until 9:00 a.m. Militant: So the discussions between Brother Richard and the other lead­ months to discuss grievances- which At 9:00, they started, but we didn't the observer committee and the coun­ ers of the rebellion told us that with­ seemed to me to be a very reasonable see what was going on except a heli­ cil were in full view of the inmates? out (prison superintendent) Mancusi demand. copter dropping the gas and the men out and without the amnesty, the rest The whole thing boiled down to am­ on top of the buildings and walls. Gaiter: Oh, yes, the inmates were sit­ of the proposals didn't mean a thing. nesty and Mancusi. We heard the loudspeaker instructing ting in the area right behind us, so Because if Mancusi was there after Negotiations lasted until about the inmates to surrender and put their that they heard everything-they used this thing was over, he would simply 12:00 p.m. Saturday night. At the end, hands behind their heads and surren­ loudspeakers- and they saw every­ start beating their heads like he had Brother Richard told us- I'll remem­ der the hostages. We saw the sharp­ thing that took place. before. This was the key. And am­ ber this as long as I live: "Honored shooters from some of the towers tak­ When Brother Richard read the list nesty was key so that whoever came members of the committee, I want you ing shots at the yard. We didn't know of demands to us, he made it very in behind Mancusi could not begin to understand this very clearly. We what was happening. clear to the inmates and to us that to bar ass them and punish them for understand that you ·have worked About noon we were ordered to they were not his demands but the having participated in the rebellion. hard and given up sleep and rest, leave. inmates'demands, and the inmates rat­ but you're going to work harder. ified this by proclaiming with loud You're going to work harder because Militant: How do you assess the after­ "yeas" whenever it was appropriate. Militant: Could you describe some of we're determined, and we believe that · Continued on page 22 Like he'd say, "When do you want the leaders on the council? you believe as we do, that these condi-

10 Thousands join Attica protests . . By LEE SMITH • Actions occurred on many cam- Forum is scheduled to be a panel on SocIa list SEPT. 21- Thousands of people all puses in Upstate New York, includ- Attica including Rev. George E. Red- over the U.S. have joined in demon- ing Albany, Binghamton, Buffalo and dick of the Southern Christian Leader- • strations and meetings organized in Syracuse. The largest actions were in ship Conference's Operation Bread- cam pa1gns response to the brutal murders com- Buffalo where up to 4,000 demonstrat- basket, Bea Stewart of Women Mo- mitted at Attica by the government. ed on the University of Buffalo cam- bilize. for Change, Samuel 17X of the see•.; More actions are planned in many pus. Mushms, and Fred Halstead of the 1\. areas. A mass meeting of 400 at the State SWP. • · • Over .4,000 persons took part in University of New York Sept. 15, or- An ad hoc protest took place in Chi- prISOn two separate actions in New York ganized by the Black Student Union, cago Sept. 18 with a march of about City Sept. 18 _a march and rally in the YSA and the Broom County Com- 50 persons from the federal building • •ts Harlem of over 3,000 and a march mittee for Prison Reform, voted to to the civic center. VIS I from Union Square in Lower Man- march to the courthouse in Bingham- • About 50 students from Florida hattan to Rockefeller Plaza of over ton Sept. 16. About 500 participated State University picketed the Federal By HUGH MORGAN _ 1,000. in the march and rally the following Correctional Institute in Tallah~ssee In the wake of the bloody assault on The Harlem action was called by day. Sept. 19 supporting the Attica prison- the Attica inmates ordered by Gover­ a broad united front, including the • In San Francisco, 200 persons ers' demands. nor Rockefeller, Socialist Workers Par­ Young Lords Party, the Black Pan- demonstrated in protest of George ty candidates in Philadelphia, Hous­ ther Party, the Harlem Youth Fed- Jackson's murder and the Attica Mas- e Four hundred people demonstrat­ ed outside the .JFK Building in Boston ton and Atlanta embarked on cam- eration, The East, the Puerto Rican sacre Sept. 17. Among the speakers paigns to investigate prison conditions Student Union, the Republic of New at the protest were Philip Ryan, an at- on Sept. 15 at a rally called by PCPJ. A united front meeting is scheduled in the areas where they are seeking Africa, the Socialist Workers Party, torney for the Soledad Brothers; Inez to hear Derrick Morrison at Boston office. the Communist Party, the Young So- Williams, Fleeta Drumgo's mother; College on the evening of Sept. 23. On Sept. 20, one week· after the At­ cialist Alliance, and the Young Work- "Popeye" Jackson of the United Pris- Earlier on Sept. 23, Morrison will tica massacre, Jean Savage, SWP can­ ers Liberation League. oners Union (UP U); and Jeff Berchen- be speaking at two rallies in Phila­ didate for mayor of Philadelphia; Hat­ Two feeder marches, one beginning ko, SWP candidate for Board of Su- delphia- one at Temple University at tie McCutcheon, SWP candidate for in the Bronx and another at the inter- pervisors. noon and another at West Philadel­ sheriff; Sal Mastriano, SWP candidate section of 110th Street and Fifth Av- Jackson and another UPU represen- phia High School at 2:30p.m. for City Council; and Carol Lisker, enue, converged in a mass rally at tative, Pat Woods, joined Nat Wein- Morrison will be in Austin and Hous­ Philadelphia SWP campaign manager the intersection of 125th Street and stein, SWP candidate for mayor of ton, Texas, for meetings Sept. 24. paid a surprise visit to Holmesburg Seventh Avenue. San Francisco, on the platform of the • About 50 persons protested out­ prison to inspect the facilities and talk Speakers at the Harlem rally includ- Militant Labor Forum in that city on side the Justice Department builtling to the inmates. ed Juan Ortiz of the Young Lords the evening of Sept. 17. Woods spoke in Washington, D. C., Sept. 16 in an Patrick Curran, the warden, told the Party, who was on the observers com- about women prisoners; Jackson re- action called by PCPJ. Keith Jones, SWP delegation the time was "inop­ mittee at Attica; Tom Soto of Youth lated the history of the UPU, which SWP candidate for D. C. School Board, portune" for their visit. The four then Against War and Fascism's prisoner was founded in March 1971 and has issued a statement Sept. 16 calling demanded to see Superintendent Hen­ solidarity committee, who was also doubled in size in the lastthreemonths; the Attica rebellion part of the self­ dricks. Hendricks refused to see them on the observers committee; Charles and Weinstein related the events at At- determination struggle of the whole or give any explanation for not al­ Kenyatta; Denise Oliver of the Black tica and the whole phenomenon of Black nation. lowing them to see the prison. In­ Panther l>arty (BPP); Kwando Kin- prison revolts to the general radical- e The Militant Labor Forum in stead, he called the cops who asked shasa of the BPP; William Kunstler; ization. Weinstein called the Attica re- Cleveland Sept. 24 is scheduled to hear the candidates to leave. and others, among them a former At- hellion "one of the great revolutionary a panel on the Attica Massacre, includ­ The four intended to return Sept. 24, tica inmate and the wife of an inmate. events of history." ing John Hawkins, SWP candidate for accompanied by the press to see that The UP U has scheduled a mass The march from Union Square to mayor; Stanley Toliver, an attorp.ey; their rights to talk to prisoners- and meeting for Sept. 26 at the Glide Me­ Rockefeller Plaza was called by the Eddie Collier from Black Unity House; the rights of those prisoners who wish morial Church at 2:30p.m. People's Coalition for Peace and Jus­ and a representative of the Puerto Ri­ to talk to them- are not violated. e In Los Angeles, an Ad Hoc Com­ tice (PCPJ) and other groups. The can Youth Center. The Philadelphia SWP campaign, ac­ mittee on Prisons and Political Pris­ PCPJ has called another demonstra­ e The Seattle Militant Labo:r Fo- cording to Lisker, plans in the coming oners, including the Angela Davis De­ tion at the state capitol in Albany rum Sept. 24 will be a discussion of weeks "to wage a two-pronged cam­ fense Committee and the Harriet Tub­ Sept. 23. Attica and the prison revolts by Mike paign. First, we will be making sur­ man bookstore, held a demonstration Members of New York's Gay Ac­ Kelly of the SWP and Armando Men­ prise visits to all of the jails and pris­ of 300 at the L.A. federal court build­ tivists Alliance put out a leaflet urging dosa, a former prison inmate. ons. Second, we will attempt to secure ing Sept. 14. The Militant Labor Fo­ gays to join the Sept. 23 Albany ac­ • Two actions are scheduled in De­ the rights of all the prisoners awaiting rum in L. A. Sept. 17 heard a dis­ tion. troit for Sept. 23. A demonstration trial to vote in the upcoming election." cussion of the Attica events by George A broad coalition of groups is build­ at Highland Park Community College "All prisoners should have the right Davis of the SWP and Don Williams ing a massive teach-in meeting on has been called by the Black Student to vote," Savage said, "vrhether they of the Harriet Tubman Prison Move­ Attica at New York University Sept. United Front and Black Moratorium. have been convicted or not- and 53 ment. 22. Some of the scheduled speakers An action downtown the same day is percent of those in jail today in the e A mass memorial action has been are Derrick Morrison, Militant staff sponsored by the NAACP, the Black U.S. have not been convicted!Wewant called in Chicago for Oct. 2 at the writer, who was outside the prison Panther Party, SCLC, the Republic voting booths in the prisons in the Cook County Jail by a coalition in­ when the massacre took place; Wil­ of New Africa, and other organiza­ coming elections, and we want some­ cluding the Harrisburg Defense Com­ liam Kunstler; Louis Steel of the Na­ tions. one from our campaign staff there mittee, the Chicago Peace Council, the tional Lawyers Guild, who was on A Sept. 24 Militant Labor Forum to observe." Chicago Peace Action Coalition, the the observers committee; and Linda in Detroit will hear James Ingram, SWP, YSA and other groups. Houston SWP candidate for mayor Jenness, the Socialist Workers Party reporter for the Michigan Chronicle, The Sept. 24 Chicago Militant Labor Debby Leonard and Tank Barrera, candidate for president. a Black newspaper, who covered the SWP candidate for school board, held 1 a - ~ Attica rebellion for the paper; Maceo a news conference outside the Hous­ Dixon of the SWP; and Elliott Hall, ton City Jail Sept. 16 after city officials an attorney for a number of prisoners refused them permission to inspect in Detroit jails. conditions and interview prisoners • A memorial action honoring the there. victims of the Attica Massacre in Wor­ Leonard said, "We are here to pro­ tm {REE 711Eb1/Jff!tl

THE MILITANT/OCTOBER 1, 1971 11 recently sentenced to one year in pris­ convi< on after being convicted of a $4-mil­ fantas lion stock fraud. George Jackson got Whil life- and ultimately death-for a $70 morgt. gas station holdup he never commit­ huma1 ted. block~ In the aftermath of Attica, Howard claim University law professor Herbert 0. derers Reid told New York Times reporter Again C. Gerald Fraser, "Certainly for assert Blacks, that as far as any notion of simpl~ prison and punishment being a stig­ man l ma, we are losing that because of the AsE number of Black prisoners. We're be­ put it ginning to think that if you haven't in the been (in prison) there's something that il wrong with you. Going in is no big outsid thing." machi Such is the growing realization, es­ were E pecially in the Black community, that tages­ prisoners are the real victims of this here." society. One must look outside the prisons for the criminals. The prisons contain many of the Wha most conscious, articulate and coura­ The geous spokespersons of Black liber a­ Rican tion, and they will unquestionably prisor lead the struggle inside the prisons alized just as they have led on the streets. the pr It was precisely their rebellion against litical this racist, capitalist society which led walls- to their imprisonment in the first place. . recog~ As one Black ex-prisoner expressed Son it succinctly: "Blacks go to prison for what messing with white society." day­ Attica rebels come out to meet observers during uprising sion < AHica racism prisOJ By MARY-ALICE WATERS nize is the way to go," explained the Revolutionary developments The totally racist mentality of many on rt In the few short days since the re­ obviously worried director of "correc­ A number of aspects of this new po­ of the guards was depicted in dozens came bellion at Attica was brutally crushed tions" in Michigan, Gus Harrison. The litical consciousness, militancy and of stories surrounding the Attica re­ societ: on Sept. 13, thousands of articles have single most important reason, he add­ unity are especially significant, point­ bellion. Numerous observers noted inc rea already been written about the pris­ ed, is the general concern through­ ing towards the deeply revolutionary that every single guard ·at Attica is a wart ons in this so-called free society. And out society for more individual rights implications of what is happening in white. for volumes more will be written in the and self-determination. the prisons today. Many of the ob­ Reporters detailed the treatment walls. weeks and months to come as count­ Richard R. Korn, a former profes­ servers on the scene at Attica com­ given newsmen and women, observ­ can 1 less politicians, journalists and pro­ sor of criminology at the University mented on the militant class solidarity ers, relatives and others who congre­ folio\\ fessors of sociology and criminology of California (Berkeley), describing of the rebels, on the unity in struggle gated in Attica during the rebellion. Attica try to explain- often vainly- the the particular oppressiveness of a between Black, Puerto Rican and white The Tipperary Bar across the street But roots of the "problems" with the "cor­ maximum security prison and the way rebels, and the apparent absence of from the prison closed for the week almo~ rectional system." victims react to it, observed in the racial conflict among them. New York when several Black members of the The Sept. 19 New York Times: "more and The most reactionary and racist Times columnist Tom Wicker com­ observers committee went in for a blood more (prisoners) are organizing polit­ commentators simply attempt to justi­ mented with obvious astonishment: drink. Black and Puerto Rican ob­ for fa ically and their political organizing fy the Attica Mass acre with the asser­ "That prison yard was the first place servers were refused accomodations fear in is bringing them closer to the one tion that the men caged up there are I have ever seen where there was no at motels. "A curfew, aimed at 'out­ come objective prison administrators most criminals-i.e. guilty of acts defined racism." siders and civil rights workers,' ac­ are vi dread: militant unity." as crimes by our "free" society. They But equally significant was the fact cording to the mayor (who is a prison ment Roberts' article commented that pris­ are, therefore, not like "other people." that it was unity under predominately guard), was enforced by civilians car­ every ons are a kind of university for po­ They are "uncivilized," "antisocial," Black leadership. The composition of rying hunting rifles who stationed hum a litical education. "The 'sacred texts' and if they are treated like animals, the leadership reflected not only the themselves at the main intersections," victim of Black revolution- Eldridge Cleav­ it is because they are, after all, sub­ prisons of this country, the reality of according to the Sept. 15 Washing­ much human. er's Soul on Ice, The Autobiography race and class oppression, but the ton Post. even of Malcolm X, George Jackson's But millions of other Americans depth of the Black radicalization as The same article observed that "to a pril Soledad Brother- are treasured like were struck by the elementary justice well. many people in the town of Attica, reaso1 gold. In Auburn prison in New York, of the demands for which the Attica Figures are not readily available the word 'nigger' was interchangeable from such books rent for a pack of ciga­ rebels were willing even to die. They on the race composition of the near­ with 'inmate,'" and when the list of this c1 rettes a night. In Jackson, inmates were stunned by the brutal inhumanity ly 200,000 prisoners in state and fed­ freed hostages was read outside the Sue] circulate typed manuscripts of those of the murderous state officials. And eral institutions, but they are avail­ prison Monday morning, it was greet­ men 1 that are banned." they are trying to understand what able for some prisons and some states. ed with loud shouts of "white power" for di An ex-inmate at Attica recently told happened at Attica. In New York City, for example, from one of the waiting guards. this s• a Militant correspondent that among One of the recurring topics in the roughly 70 percent are Black, 20 per­ Perhaps the real mentality of those inequi the many classes organized by the post-Attica commentary on the pris­ cent Puerto Rican and 10 percent who ride herd on the prison inmates italisn prisoners there was a class based on ons has been the "new mood" in the white. For New York State as a whole, was revealed most gruesomely in the Wh1 typed copies of Ernest Mandel's "In­ 1970 statistics showed 52 percent story of the post-massacre revelry. crime" prisons, the emergence of a supposed­ troduction to Marxist Economic The­ ly new kind of inmate. As Steven V. Black, 13 percent Puerto Rican, and "On Monday night, after the prison which ory." The book, in typed manuscript Roberts of the New York Times com­ 35 percent white. At Attica, a maxi­ rebellion had been put down, some vate form, was circulating in all four of the mented Sept. 19: "A 'movement' par­ mum security prison for those the au­ of (the troopers) traded stories of their ciety cellblocks at Attica, he said. alleling those that have arisen in re­ thorities deem "hostile to prison ad­ parts in it," wrote New York Times contr1 cent years among Blacks, students In the last year, Pathfinder Publish­ ministration," the percentages ran reporter Francis X. Cline in the Sept. bel on. and women has now begun to emerge ers has received close to 50 literature more like 85 percent Black, 10 per­ 17 issue of that paper. "The talk in which in the nation's prisons." orders from Attica prison alone, cov­ cent Puerto Rican, and 5 percent white. the barroom at the Holiday Inn in the r Everyone is in agreement that while ering titles like Malcolm X's By Any Such figures reflect the reality of Batavia was heavy with memories of righ~ Attica and San Quentin are the visible Means Necessary, James P. Cannon's class justice in America. If you are warlike darts and thrusts into em­ manil tip of the iceberg, they are in no way Socialism an Trial, Trotsky's Fas­ young and Black and are convicted battled cellblocks, and through the starv1 unique. All over the country, Roberts cism: What It Is and How To Fight of any petty crime, you may well get rebels 'tent city' in the yard. able. comments, inmates "are making It, The Essential Works of Lenin, life. If you're rich and white and own "The feeling of the troopers seemed nal" 1 speeches, demanding meetings, and Etheridge Knight's Black Voices from half of Venezuela you can order the then to be one of relief and relax a­ selve! occasionally calling strikes." Prison, and George Breitman's How murder of 40 people and receive the tion, as glasses clinked over the songs ruler~ "They saw the welfare groups orga­ a Minority Can Change Society. thanks of the president of the United of the bar's entertainer, who at one societ nize, the students, the Blacks orga­ States. point stared quietly at the drinkers murd nize for their rights.... There's There were six Militant subscribers To pick one small example, an Il­ and then sang: 'The Green, Green viola much more awareness that to orga- in Attica at the time of the rebellion. linois banker, Irving Projansky, was Grass of Home,' a song written by a

12 Attica victim's family tells of ds­ convict about a Death Row inmate's nil­ fantasy of dying." got While some 40 bodies lay in the ~70 morgues, and as many as 300 more cruel treatment nit- human beings lay wounded in the cell­ By DERRICK MORRISON five times- once in the ear, temple, blocks of Attica (prison officials still NEW YORK, Sept. 20- When the side, arm, and chest. ard claim "only" 83 wounded), the mur­ bodies of the victims of the Attica Lorenzo was paroled in 1968 after 0. derers ate, drank and made merry. Massacre were brought to the medical serving three years of a two-to-five­ rter Against such a backdrop, the repeated examiner's office in Rochester Sept. year sentence for burglary in Brook­ for assertions of the rebels that they were 14, the dead guards and civilian work­ lyn. He exerted a great effort in trying 1 of simply demanding their rights as hu­ ers had their names attached whereas to secure a job, but repeatedly, when tig­ man beings takes on its full force. the dead inmates had tags tied to they "found out he had a record," said ~confined in the sister McNeil, "they fired him." She • As Brother Richard (Richard Clark) their toe~, labeled P-1, P-2, P-3, and commented, "When these prisoners be­ put it during one of the long nights so on. pr1son ••• come out of jail, they talk about re­ en't in the yard of Cellblock D, explaining This categorization of the inmates ing as unpersons- a theme running habilitating them. These people [em­ that it was the guards and troopers tiranded as throughout the news media and the ployers] shouldn't have fear of them. big outside who had the bullets and the The majority [inmates] want to be criminals, machine guns, and the inmates who pronouncements of capitalist politi­ cians- did not just stop there but was able to get out and have a job and es­ were safeguarding the lives of the hos­ make it. They want to be able to they are hat tages-"We are the only civilized men extended to their relatives and sympa­ not thizers as well. live.... " his here." the Two particular people who were ac­ Unable to find a job, Lorenzo be­ defeated •••• corded such treatment were Preston gan to hang out on the corner. This the What next? and Alice McNeil. Their son, Lorenzo, led to discussions with his parents, They are the ra­ The overwhelmingly Black, Puerto 29 years old, was one of the inmates whereby he came to the conclusion ra­ Rican and Chicano population of the killed at Attica. that it was best to go back and serve representatives :>ly prisons; the all-pervading, institution­ I had the opportunity to visit and the remaining 18 months of his sen­ ms alized and brutal racist mentality of talk to the MeN ells today. tence. In this way, he would not be of an idea that ~ts. the prison authoities; the growing po­ As Alice McNeil related, she first subject to a very long sentence if nst litical radicalization within theconcrete received notice of her son's death on caught in some inappropriate act on led walls- all these facts have been widely Wednesday, Sept. 15. And this was parole. will crack the .ce. · recognized and analyzed not from prison authorities, but from However, Lorenzo-upon returning walls of· every ;ed Some observers have also predicted an Associated Press reporter who - was not put in a lighter institution for what is obviously on the order of the called their home to inquire if they or some skills-training center. Rather, prison and day- a growing battle for the exten­ knew yet. Then, on Friday, five days he was returned to Attica, a maximum­ sion of the civil and human rights of after he had been shot to death, the security prison, the one in which he crumble them prisoners. While there have been pris­ McNeils finally received a telegram­ had. spent his first three years. "He .ny on revolts since prisons themselves dated the same day- from the prison didn't dream he was going there and into dust.' ms came into existence along with class officials. neither did we," related Sister McNeil. re­ society, it is unquestionable that the "When this first erupted I started After his first stint at Attica, Lorenzo James P. Cannon ted increasing numbers of politically calling (Attica prison) because I was described the brutal treatment by is aware inmates will spearhead a drive upset and wanted to know what was guards to his parents. He could not LETTERS FROM PRISON for political freedom within those wrong. But I never got through to do it in letters because they were cen­ by James P. Cannon ~nt walls. The American prison system them people. It's just like they must sored. So his parents only got an The prison journal of a r ·v­ can never be quite the same again have clicked all of their switchboard account after he was paroled. tionary socialist leader re­ following Soledad, San Quentin and openings and kept them busy'n said The reentry thus signaled no new in 1944 for opposing ln. Attica. Alice MeN eil. beginning, only a continuation of the imperialist Second Upon getting the news of her son's same. ~t But it is also true that there . $7.50 ek almost certainly be more Atticas. death, the AP reporter expressed sur­ Sister McNeil was contacted by the he Those who foresee more revolts and prise that she hadn't received an of­ Republic of New Africa, Black Panther a bloody reprisals are usually arguing ficial notice. The McNeils subsequently Party, and Young Lords Party after ·b- for faster prison reform measures and sent an undertaker up to Rochester they heard about his death. The RNA ns fearing- correctly- that they will not to arrange for the return of the body. will provide pallbearers at the funeral, Jt­ come rapidly enough. Such reforms The undertaker had to go through a which will be held this Wednesday. Prison serve as And the Panther Party and others will LC­ are vitally necessary. Every improve­ lot of red tape, but he informed the of how Black writers ar ment in the physical surroundings, McNeils that Lorenzo had been shot attend in tribute. :>n and how Black intel every victory that gains a few more Ll"­ history is created.'' ed human and civil rights for society's s," victims will help make life just that -Olumo, BLACK WORLD g- much more bearable for them. But .95, paper $2.45 even the most humane prison is still to a prison, and the most fundamental by Malcolm X a, reason there will be more Atticas stems ANY MEANS NECE:SSA.R le from the very function of prisons in of this capitalist society. •J.v,LuJ.vu.LJ.J.J. 1 S speeches 1e Such revolts will re-occur so long as in defense of Black ~t- men and women are put behind bars nalism. $5.95, paper $1. ~r" for disobeying the inhuman laws of this society and struggling against its LAST YEAR OF MA se inequities-that is, as long as cap­ "'"'...,,;",L X es italism remains intact. 1e What does this society define as a crime? Almost all "crimes" are acts In which violate the sacred right of pri­ Le vate property upon which class so­ ir ciety rests-the right of the few to control and benefit from wealth that belongs to all. "Crimes" are acts which break rules set up to guarantee the rights of a small handful, their rights to condemn the masses of hu­ manity to misery, exploitation, disease, starvation and death-if it is profit­ e speeches and interviews able. The fact that the targets of "crimi­ Malcolm's '' Mes d nal" acts are most often the poor them­ the Grass Roots" and " 1- selves only attests to the success of the ot or the Bullet." $6.95 rs rulers in setting the victims of class IOODer $1.25 1e society to prey upon each other. Even '8 murder, rape and other "crimes of Write for our free catalog. n violence" can ultimately be traced, al­ Vietnam? N. Ireland? No, Attica state prison. Green berets Pathfinder Press Confinued on page 22 and cops look for booby traps in aftermath of massacre. 410 West Street New York, N.Y., 10014

THE MILITANT/OCTOBER 1, 1971 13 Powers: Do you have trouble getting literature here? Would some of the in­ mates be interested in receiving some The following' are major excerpts from books by Malcolm X? And socialism? A Militant Interview an interview obtained Sept. 14 from Anthony Loftis by John Powers, So­ L,oftis: We have books by Malcolm X cialist Workers Party candidate for -we have a Black library. But still mayor of Boston. Loftis, an inmate we need more books. There are not at the Massachusetts Correctional In­ enough books up to PB;I"· The brothers stitute at Norfolk, saw Powers on tele­ have read just about everything. vision and asked him to visit the prison. Powers: Do you have any idea of the ·'If it were percentage of Blacks in this prison? Powers: First, could you tell us where you're from and what you're doing Loftis: The percentage here is about here? one-third now. left ta me, Loftis: I was 6orn and raised in Bos­ Powers: What is it like here; is this a ton. I'm 25 now, and practically from state prison? the time I was 11 years old I've been in and out of trouble. From 15 on up, Loftis: Yes, it's a state prison colony. I've been in and out of reform schools. This is supposed to be a model prison. This is my first prison stay. I guess It's like a camp here. We've got hous­ there wauld because I've been in so much trouble, es; we sleep in rooms, with doors maybe that's why I got so much time, like these here. You have your own but still, I feel it's unjust. bed, television, radio in your room. I guess it all started back in 1968, when I was released from Concord, Powers: You said in your letter that and three months after I was out of you wanted speedier trials. be na prisons jail I got in some trouble. I went to trial and everything, and they wanted Loftis: Yes, I'm trying to get back to give me another state prison bit, into court now on a motion I filed, and I jumped bail on that. And ever because my constitutional rights were since then I've been on the run for violated by the excessive time they about two years. I've been supporting at all.' · gave me. My lawyer requested a mis­ myself by hustling and mostly break­ trial because they brought me into the ing and entering. And one time I got court with handcuffs on in front of a breaking and entering charge and the jury. The judge denied the mistrial. I got all shot up. I stayed in a hos­ pital for about two months trying to Powers: How long does a trial take? recover, and when I got out I went to court and they gave me 12-15 Loftis: I know some real quick rail­ years. road trials. My first sentence I had While I was awaiting trial, I had down in Concord only took one day. another warrant come down on me. I went to a district court, and they It was another breaking and enter­ sentenced me to five years in Concord ing which I didn't know anything for a larceny of $100. I didn't have about. I've been going back and forth a lawyer or anything then. to court since October on up until July of this year. The jury found me guilty, Powers: Do you have trouble getting with hardly any evidence, and they a lawyer? sentenced me to 20 to 30 years and five to 10 years running concurrent Loftis: It's not the trouble getting a with that. lawyer- the problem is the court-ap­ I felt that it was unjust, because pointed lawyer that they give out. I'm not the only one who has gotten These lawyers get paid either way, an excessive sentence like that for the whether they win the case or not. The crime that they've done. There are only thing they tell you to do is cop other Black inmates in here who have out and try to get your life sentence. gotten longer sentences than that for And really, it's not up to them; it's minor crimes. There are guys in here up to the DA and the judge. that are doing real big time. So I intended to do something about Powers: Have you been studying law that when I came here, and I joined yourself? the ACT committee. That's the group of inmates {ormed from, the Black Loftis: I've been to a law class here population and the white population for about six months now, and I got who act upon the grievances that the a diploma last May. inmates have, and their time. We have a pre-release program, plus we have Powers: Does that help you at all? a research committee- which I'm un­ dertaking now- surveying all the in­ Loftis: Yes, a little bit. 'I find I can mates in the camp to show how much understand it better. time the Black man is getting from the courts nowadays, compared to the Powers: Do you have grievances other white man. We haven't surveyed the than the excessive sentences, which I white inmates here yet, but we sur­ suppose heads the list? veyed most of the Black. And their Prisoners m "The Tombs," New York Men's House of time is really ridiculous. Loftis: We have a lot of grievances. Detention

Tad Szulc, Washington Bureau cor­ Nat Turner was asked to confess to istr ate or even judge of the Supreme respondent of the New York Times, crimes of murder and other connect­ Court. If he crosses the threshold of liearge interviewed Soledad Brother George ed charges before being hung. He in­ my door and I do not lay him a life­ Jackson in San Quentin prison last dicated that he would so that he could less corpse at my feet, I hope Aprll. He subsequently submitted four seize the opportunity to make public the grave may refuse my body a rest­ additional questions to Jackson these sentiments: "I've been asked to ing place." Fugitive slaves were crim­ through one of the lawyers in the confess ... to what??? I simply don't inals!! Anyone offering them aid was Jaa:ksan also considered part of the criminal case. The questions were: 1) Aren't feel guilty, I have ventured my life any Black people guilty of crimes in for the deliverance of my kind, I am act, according to the accepted stan­ American society? 2) Aren't any of a willing sacrifice to their cause. I dards of so-termed Amerikan society. an the them criminals-for example, a Black have failed, and if you gentle­ These are parallels from history, val­ man who rapes or murders a Black men would render me a favor, you uable in that they have undoubted woman? 3) What about a Black man would take me out and hang me im­ relevance upon the ingrained attitudes who guns down a Black Panther? 4) mediately." Another pointed ex ample of two sections of the people whose role af Are you really saying that all crim­ of how Blacks view what the inter­ real interrelations have changed in inals are victims of society? Jackson's preters of society term crime can be name and form only. • written response, dated June 11, 1971, had by recalling a later (1850) state­ The question "Aren't any Black peo­ appeared together with an article by ment accredited to Martin Delaney: ple guilty of crimes in Amerikan so­ sans Szulc in the Aug. 1, 1971, issue of " ... my house is my castle. If any ciety?" can best be answered by stat­ the New York Times Magazine. Jack­ man approaches my house in search ing that the frrst crime is attempting son stated: of a slave, I care not whom he may to establish society above society, and be, whether constable or sheriff, mag- then seriously questioning whether

14 Some of the things that go on here come back home and can't get jobs. It's usually mandatory that you have ing. We want to know what's happen­ are not a physical cruelty, it's like a The first thing they do is turn to the a job. ing with our families. We want better mental and abusive cruelty. The in­ streets for their livelihood. And they communication with the outside socie­ mates- not just the Blacks but the get busted. Powers: How about the percentage of ty, so that in the event that we're whites too- are subjected to this men­ It's really rough the way they're guys who get convicted again, is it released we can go back outside and tal cruelty that is passed down by taking it. They go over there and real high? adjust to that community. We don't the guards that work here. H they they get shell-shocked and everything, want to be rejected. can't get you one way, they'll get you and then they come back here, they Loftis: I think it is very high. another way. Like, if they can't lock pull a crime and get busted. you up for something that you've Powers: What about the parole situa­ done, they'll pick on you while you're Powers: How many hours a day do . Powers: Are a large number of those tion in this state? Is it very hard to­ you get for recreation? walking around the quarter or out in Vietnam vets drug convictions? get parole? the yard or something, or shake down your room, or make you tuck your Loftis: From 3:45 p.m. until 11 or Loftis: I'd say about half of them. Loftis: Right now it seems to me that 11:30 at night. shirt in. We're not allowed to walk Some of them are here for murder, it's very bard to get a parole. The around the quarter with our shirttails which I feel myseH is really stupid, guys I've seen going .up have been Powers: What about the visiting banging out. Things like that, petty because they go to war, and the only getting postponements for a year, ac­ things. hours? You mentioned the difficulty thing they're taught is bow to kill tion pending, because something out­ in keeping in touch with your famBies. somebody, and then they come back side isn't right, their job isn't right Powers: Where do most of the guards home and they're not rehabilitated to or their home, so they have to wait Loftis: I'm not talking about mothers come from? the life of the society. So somebody three or four months overdue before and brothers, I'm talking about wives, says something wrong to them and they get out. and girl friends. The guys come here Loftis: Most of them, I think, come funny things can happen-they burt from the service. Since I've been here somebody when they don't mean to and what scares the people outside is Powers: Has there been much talk the big time they get. You have to do I've seen a lot of young guards com­ do it. And they get a life sentence­ about the Attica events? ing in, and gradually it's changing. or they might as well have life with at least two-thirds of your sentence if you're convicted of a crime of vio­ You see more guards coming in that all the time they get. Loftis: Yes, very much. I think that's are more with the action. By this I all that's really buzzing around the lence. And this scares the people out­ mean they know that the inmates are Powers: Is there anything going on in camp now. All of the guys I know side, especially the wives and girl doing time, and the inmates do not the so-called "rehabilitation" here? are saying, "What do you think about friends. So they'll come up for a while, want to be bothered with petty harass­ Are people getting job training, or are this Attica thing?" and after a while they'll slack off and ment, and they don't bother them. It's they taught to do things like shoe And myseH, I think that the pris­ the visits start getting down to one a mostly the old ones that have about horses? oners really got a raw deal out of it. month. So the guys start writing let­ 20 or 30 years in- maybe only five ters, and they don't get any answers or 10 years in-that really bug the Loftis: I think if we were taught to Powers: Were you able to get much from their loved ones, and this brings inmates. But I see it gradually chang­ shoe horses, that would be much better information here? on a frustration. The guys don't know ing with the younger officers coming than what we're taught now. There's what to do with themselves. H they're in. a vocational training program going Loftis: Yes, we w atcbed television and into something then they drop out of on that they just started building a read the papers. that and start moping. Guys hurt Powers: What are the majority of peo­ few months back. They're building themselves; they cut themselves; they ple here in for? vocation rooms in there for dentistry Powers: Do you think that the fact hang themselves, things like that. and electrical courses, computer pro­ that the guards came in and shot Loftis: The majority here are in for gramming, .things like that. people, that that scared people here? Powers: Are people here interested in murder, assault and battery, rape, politics? violent crimes, and drugs. A lot of inmates are signed up for Loftis: I think . it shook up a lot of it. They have a college program com­ the guards here. Because they know Loftis: I think they're very interested Powers: What about the people who ing in. They take college entrance that now the inmates-both Black and in politics, from the way that they are here for drugs, are they here for exams here. white- are not.·going to stand by and talk about who's in office and who's possession? But the other shops that we have do time and be harassed without some running for office. But the thing that here are a cement shop, a shop where kind of kickback. There's a new breed hurts us most is where we can't vote. Loftis: They're here for possession, they make dustpans and shovels, and of inmates coming into prison, say H you're convicted of a felony you sale, being in the presence. A guy an outside maintenance crew, cleaning starting from 1968. A younger gen:­ can't vote at all, you can't get pass­ here is doing five years ·for ·having up around here. They have kitchens. eration. They don't take any kind of ports to go. out of the country. You one joint of marijuana. But the jobs they have here are noth­ crap from anybody at alL They tmd might as well say you lose your whole ing where a guy could learn something. that they don't have to. They don't citizenship when you get convicted of Powers: What's the average sentence care what happens. They don't care a felony. You can't do anything at for possession? Powers: How much do you get paid about the punishment they get. all pertaining to the rights of politics. for this type of work? Loftis: About five to 10 years. The They're tired of the treatment that Powers: How would you summarize least I've beard is three to five years. Loftis: The ratings are A, B, and C. they get, like being treated like ani­ your complaints about the prison? The A man makes 50 cents a day; mals. They know that the guards Powers: Could you estimate what per­ the B man makes 35; and the C man know that they're human, but the Loftis: The major complaints would centage of crimes are done by people makes 25 c~ts a day. guards don't want to treat them like be: the food; we want aU-night lights; who use drugs? And how many of the they're human because they're locked we want conjugal visits and furloughs, younger guys would you say have Powers: How many hours do you up. The guards walk around with and if not that we want longer visiting been over in Vietnam? work? keys, and they feel superior because hours- there are so many complaints. they can lock you up at a certain The rooms we're in are infested with Loftis: I would say about 35 percent Loftis: Eight hours a day. time at night, and they go home to roaches. Every place you turn around, of the guys here were on drugs. And their family. the whole place bas roaches. Every the guys from Vietnam, there's a Powers: So what happens when you The inmates have grown tired of time you pick up a book or some­ whole lot of them. get released, and all you've done is this all over the country, I think. And thing in your room a bunch of roaches these jobs here? Do you have to have it's starting to show. We want to be crawl out of it. They get in your Powers: Do they talk about the war a job on the outside? recognized. We want people to know locker. here? that we're in here. And we want them Loftis: Some cases they let you go to know that our needs are just as Powers: How would you like the pris­ Loftis: We have a lot .of talk about without a job, but I don't think I've real as theirs are out there. on system as a whole to be reformed? the war. Mostly from the veterans. beard any yet where the guy goes We're tired of being locked away, They don't like what's going on. And up and they say well, we'll waive the being punished for petty things. We Loftis: Well, if it were left to me there they don't like bow guys from the war job, you can go out to your home. want better food. We want good cloth- would be no prisons at all.

Blacks have ever been any part of ture- 85 percent, in fact. These fig­ decadent 100 years ago. Part of the Amerikan society. I say we haven't. ures. will alter as the revolution up­ myth that we must destroy is that History states that we haven't. We're stages, but the underlying motive will · "the people" reduced to a state of captives of this thing termed Ameri­ still be economic. Con$e(l uently, the inexplicable misery still have a choice kan. As such, it is and has always realistic situation is one where a very of action. Invariably their response been our obligation to resist; resist­ small knot of men and women are will take some form of violence. I ance to unjust bonds, organized in­ protecting ''their" constitutional right term this violence, individual or col­ justice, can never be interpreted as to 'own or control the means of the lective, not crime but antithesis. "Vi­ crime, be it individual resistance or people's subsistence by defining crim­ olence is the midwife of every old organized mass resistance. Is it crim­ inality. The relatively small percent­ society pregnant with a new one." inal for the Black mine worker in the age of what is left-thrill crimes, or Union of South Africa to steal a dia­ as your question runs: "the Black Society above society bas had 7,000 mond when he can, or for the workers man who rapes and murders a Black years of trial. It bas never worked. en masse to take the mine? Were the woman." Every revolutionary theoret-. Pure totalitarianism is impossible­ Jews of Warsaw 1944-45 criminals? ician and psychiatrist accepts as ele­ all so-called criminal action is gov­ mentary the tendency of violence to erned by cause and effect, as is every­ The men who live above and at turn inward when the oppressed can thing material. All criminals are vic-· the center of Amerikan corporativism find no extemalization, "the collective tims of the attempt to maintain hier­ understand clearly the issue at ques­ autodestruction" phenomenon. Again archy. Any other conclusion denies tion. Through their machinating, arty the basis is economic oppression or original innocence, or in effect ad­ activity can be made to seem crim­ the effects of a dying civilization tied vances that men are criminals before inal. Most crimes are economic in na- to an economic arrangement that was they are born. George Jackson ·

THE MILITANT/OCTOBER 1, 1971 15 Mass arrests of High school youth and the Ceylon 1972 SWP election campaign The following is the speech presented right to vote and to run for office, parties that are responsible for perp~ by David Keepnews to the Sept. 11 what about citizens who are younger trating the oppression of the working socialists campaign rally at Brooklyn College than that? I am 16 years old, and I class, women, Chicanos, Blacks, Puer­ From Intercontinental Press launching the New York State Social­ know a lot of people, my age and to Ricans, and gay people that we younger, who know what's going on Despite its Draconian, repressive ist Workers Party election slate. Keep­ are trying to bring an end to.... news is the SWP candidate for 66th in this country. We certainly know The Democrats and Republicans, in measures, Sirimavo Bandaranaike's State Assembly District. He is a stu­ what's going on a hell of a lot better their "liberal" variety, have tried time "United Front" government in Ceylon dent at Dalton High School in New than Nixon does! We know what's and time again to derail the mov~ has apparently failed in its attempts York City, and was elected vic~pres­ going on because we're living in it, ments we support, to take them off completely to smash the Janatha Vi­ ident of the student body after run­ and because we're fighting to change the streets and into their back pockets. mukthi Per am una [JVP- People's Lib­ ning a successful socialist campaign. it. And that's more than any Demo­ Of all the candidates in the 1972 elec­ eration Front]. New measures an­ cratic or Republican politician can tions, only the SWP's has taken a lead­ nounced by the government indicate . One of the groups of people to whom claim! ing role in these movements, and tried its continued fear of the rebel youth supporters of the SWP 1972 campaign And that's going to be one of the to keep them powerful and in the organization. are going to be taking this campaign most important points of my cam­ streets. "Fifteen thousand arrests and many is this country's high school students. paign for the State Assembly. As an And likewise, in the upcoming p~ killings later," B. H. S. Jayewardene High school students are one group activist in the high school student riod, the Young Socialists for Jenness wrote from Colombo in the Septem­ of people with whom I must confess movement, I'm going to take the pro­ and Pulley will be the only campaign ber 4 Far Eastern Economic Review, a certain amount of familiarity, hav­ gram of the SWP to the people of this support group in the high schools "Ceylon still is gripped by fears of ing been one for the last two years city. The fact that I am under 18, building these movements. They will insurrection. Last week a dusk to and planning to remain one for the rather than being any sort of detri­ be the only support group building dawn curfew was reintroduced in four next two. And just in case anyone ment to the campaign, is one of its our student strike on Nov. 3rd and north-central districts following re­ has any doubts about how receptive biggest assets. I think it's the fact building the entire antiwar offensive ports of isolated terrorist activities. we are going to be to the campaign, that I'm officially under age- that is, this fall. They will be the only sup­ The curfew in the capital itself con­ I'd like to put an immediate end to high school age- that qualifies me port group in the high schools build­ tinues. those doubts. to run. Some people may claim that ing the Nov. 20th demonstration to "The government reportedly has re­ The fact is- and I don't think any­ a 16-year-old doesn't have enough repeal all abortion laws. ceived confidential security reports that one here is about to argue this point­ experience to run for public office. And in high schools all across the rebellious elements continue to be ac­ that high school students are an im­ Well, the oldest Democrat or Repub­ country, Young Socialists for Jenness tive in some parts of the country. portant and integral part of the forces lican in this country doesn't have the and Pulley will be running student This may have contributed to its de­ that are going to change this country cision to disarm the nation. All gun and this world around. And we're licences have been withdrawn by spe­ proving that fact. cial gazette notification and all licence We're proving it in the frequent out­ holders asked to surrender their weap­ bursts of high school students in the ons immediately. New licences will be Black, Chicano and Puerto Rican com­ issued on a very selective basis." munities that occur in response to the Another indication of the govern­ racist, intolerable conditions that exist ment's fears was provided by the pro­ in what the government has the nerve Moscow Communist party, a junior to call "educational institutions." We partner in the governing coalition. prove it every time high school wom­ The CP, J a yew ardene reported, recent­ en demand the right to access to birth ly felt the need to adopt a long resolu­ control and abortion information so tion attacking the JVP. that they can decide for themselves what happens with their own bodies In the time-tested Stalinist fashion, and their own lives. We prove it when the CP resolution slandered the JVP's thousands of us begin demanding our armed resistance to the government's constitutional rights to freedom of attacks as "reactionary and potential­ speech, freedom of expression, fre~ ly counter-revolutionary." The CP dom of assembly- something that is went to the lengths of criticizing the denied almost every high school stu­ former government of the reactionary dent in this country. We prove it when United National party ( UNP) from vast numbers of us participate in anti­ the right. The UNP, the CP com­ war demonstrations. We prove it when plained, had not done enough to sup­ hundreds of thousands of us go out press the socialist youth of the JVP: on strike against the war in Southeast "It has now been disclosed that Dud­ Asia, which is something I think we're ley Senanayake's UNP government, all going to see proven very well this although fully aware of the existence, Nov. 3rd. nature and personnel of these ultra­ The fact is that all of us- whether Keepnews speaking at Sept. 11 New York rally leftist groups, did nothing of any we're in public, parochial or private consequence to combat their activities high schools- have reason enough to which it regarded as directed mainly be fed up with this society. High school experience of being a leader of amov~ government campaigns like the cam­ against the United Front parties." students are composed of all the ment that's fighting for a better world. paign for vic~president that I was One sentence of their resolution be­ groups in society that are fighting And that is experience that I'm proud able to run successfully at my school­ trays the reason for the CP chiefs' against their oppression- workers, to say I have. campaigns to change our schools in­ hysterical attacks on the JVP: women, oppressed nationalities, gay My campaign is going to be fight­ to institutions for building the mass "Simultaneously attempts were people. In addition, more and more ing on the same side as high school movements. Like the SWP campaigns, made, with varying degrees of success, of us are coming to recognize that students all over the country. And they will be mobilizing students into to penetrate, confuse and disorientate our high schools presently exist for that's the same side as the masses action in these movements, and they the youth and the student movements the purpose of forcing the acceptance of people in this country. And that, will challenge all those candidates who of the three United Front parties." of this oppression into our heads, in too, is more than any Democratic or want to keep things the way they are. It is easy to believe that CP youth, the obviously vain hope that it will Republican politician can claim. tired of their party's role of preserv­ go unchallenged forever. We all share I think that's the reason why, from The YSJPs will, quite simply, serve ing capitalism in Ceylon, would have a common hatred of the war in South­ now until the 1972 elections, we are as the political alternative in the high been attracted to the JVP. The Stalinist east Asia, and roughly on~half of going to see high school students flock schools, drawing thousands of high hacks know no better way to stop us are faced with the possibility of by the thousands to the Young So­ school students away from capitalist such "disorientation" than the physical being drafted into that war after we cialists for Jenness and Pulley, and politics. Because the difference between liquidation of the rebel youth it con­ graduate- or don't graduate, as the rally to support SWP candidates all being a Young Democrat or Repub­ siders responsible. case may be. across the country. What choice do lican arid being a Young Socialist for we have? Of all the candidates, pro­ Jenness and Pulley, the difference b~ 'Not too young to be human' grams and parties being offered in the tween supporting the Democratic or ·Not only that, but we are consis­ elections, the only party running that Republican Party candidates and sup­ tently denied the most basic of demo­ supports the movements and issues porting the Socialist Workers candi­ cratic rights by this government which that we are involving ourselves in is dates is a qualitative difference. And considers us too young to be human. the SWP. The only candidates that it's a very important difference. It's Practically all of us are denied our offer a program to change this so­ the difference between letting things constitutional freedoms as defined by ciety are the SWP candidates. And go on the way they are- that is, sup­ the Bill of Rights- the basic freedoms believe me, that's saying a lot. porting your own oppression, sup­ to speak, to assemble, to organize, The Democrats and Republicans, in porting the war, supporting the d~ to leaflet- freedoms that our schools all their shadings, are not fighting nial of your own rights- or saying teach us our country was founded on. for what we're fighting for. At best, "no" to all that and going along Not only are most of us denied our they give feeble lip service to our 'with the thousands and thousands of constitutional rights inside our high goals. At worst, they ignore us or high school students who are moving schools, but outside as well. For in­ attack us outright. The Democrats and to end it. As far as I and thousands stance, while I am encouraged by the Republicans are the parties that started of other high school students are con­ Repression in Ceylon· fact that 18-year-olds have won the the war in Indochina; they are the cerned, the choice is a very clear one.

16 Saigon election fraud brings protest By DICK ROBERTS ''both before and after Diem, was in believing that under the label of democracy.... The election farce of South Vietnamese President the road to peace in Vietnam lay in a Saigon "Once again I am going to read to the Senate Nguyen Van Thieu's one-man "campaign" has ex­ leadership that would press for military victory, the actual casualty lists as of yesterday: 301,589 ploded in Washington's face despite administra­ spurning any opportunity for political compro­ wounded Americans, 45,501 dead Americans in tion attempts to soft-pedal it. mise. President Nixon appears committed to pur­ combat, 9,757 Americans wounded or dead in non­ In Saigon, anti-American sentiment has reached suing the same disastrous policy today." combat activities, for a total casualty compilation new peaks. An organization ofstudents, number­ In the U.S. Senate, Democratic Party majority of 356,847. Those figures speak louder than any ing 1,500 according to its leaders, has opened a leader Mike Mansfield waged an unsuccessful battle words." (Congressional Record, p. S 14507.) drive against American soldiers and civilians sta­ to attach an amendment to the draft bill which Gloria Emerson described the Saigon youth tioned in Saigon. The U.S. Embassy told Amer­ would call for withdrawing U.S. troops from In­ movement attempting to sabotage U.S. occupation. icans to "refrain from moving in public in groups dochina within nine months of the passage of "A scrawny 16-year-old Vietnamese high school of three or four, to stay away from large crowds the draft law, with the proviso that all prisoners student, who loathes American soldiers, tried his and . to alter daily routines, including routes to of war would have to be released in the nine best today to burn an American Army van and and from work." ·months. the G I driving it. It was another incident in a On Sept. 16, the An Quang Buddhists issued a The Mansfield amendment had been adopted three-week-old campaign, now causing concern. to call for a boycott of the Oct. 3 Thieu election. by the Senate on June 22, but was subsequently U.S. officials, by high school and university stu­ This illegal move is the first major political action watered down to meaninglessness in a Senate­ dents in Saigon to burn American military and by the Buddhist faction in a long time. House conference. civilian vehicles and to beat up G Is. The An Quang Pagoda played a prominent role Mansfield argued on Sept. 17, "Nearly three "In an interview today," said Emerson in the in the events leading to the overthrow of Ngo months- nearly 90 days-have passed since that Sept. 16 New York Times, "the leaders of the Dinh Diem in 1963 and the Buddhist faction was Senate action. What has happened? In that time, group, who call it the Movement Struggling for again active in the spring of 1966, staging major j}ere have been well over 1,200 more American the People's Right to Life, said their aim was to demonstrations against the Saigon government injuries. Almost 350 more Americans have been force all American troops to leave Vietnam im­ and demanding U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam. killed. Over 200,000 tons of bombs have been mediately. The presence of American troops here At that time, the Buddhists were brutally sup­ dumped from American aircraft. Between $2- and in massive numbers since 1965 was cited by these pressed by Premier Nguyen Cao Ky, and many $3-billion more has been spent. . . . students as the cause of 'much suffering' in the of their leaders subsequently suffered long im­ "It is no wonder that more voices have joined country.... prisonments. to ask, 'For what purpose have the nearly 360,- "Lam Thanh Qui, a 20-year-old high school President Nixon's refusal to intervene in any 000 U.S. deaths and casualties over the past 10 student, said any G I would be attacked who did way against Thieu underlines the real meaning years been sustained? On what have we been spend­ not wear a peace symbol or show it on his ve­ of "Vietnamization," and it is sure to backfire as ing billions in Southeast Asia?' Surely not for an hicle's windshield. But ... it was finally decided momentum gains for the October and November uncontested, one-man referendum that is paraded that American vehicles and soldiers had to show actions against the war. the one passed out by the movement. It is a slip Thieu spilled it all out at a party for foreign of paper showing two hands breaking an American correspondents in the Saigon presidential palace M-16 rifle. The words on the paper ... say: 'Down Sept. 16. with the war of the M-16 rifle. Aggression by the "President Nguyen Van Thieu said tonight that American imperialists.'" he saw no chance of meaningful peace talks in Meanwhile the giant U. S.-Saigon military cam­ Paris until there had been an all-out military con­ paign in northern South Vietnam-dubbed at its frontation with North Vietnamese forces, which outset as "the acid test of Vietnamization"- seems he predicted would come in 1973," New York to have come to an end. The "drive by the 13,500- Times correspondent Alvin Shuster reported. man force had produced no significant results," "While [ Thieu] said he understood President Nix­ the Times reported in a photograph caption Sept. on's 'need to withdraw troops before the American 20. presidential election' next year, he hoped that at Los Angeles Times reported Jack Folse talked least 50,000 Americans, perhaps more, could re­ to U.S. officers critical of the campaign. "There is main as a residual force." evidence that most North Vietnamese troops were At a press conference, President Nixon was asked withdrawing from the ... area at the end .of Au- about moves in the U. S. Congress to cut off aid gust," Foise reported Sept. 18. • because of the undemocratic Saigon elections. Nix­ "But the ARVN did, not launch an attack until on said that if Washington applied that .standard Sept. 6. This 'noncombat' coincidence occurs often to other nations, "we would have to cut off aid with ARVN troops. It can only be explained by to two-thirds of the nations in the world." Nixon poor security of operational plans, an accommoda­ stated that U. S. involvement would continue until tion with the enemy, or the desire of ARVN com­ "South Vietnam [is] able to defend itself against manders-facing an unending war-to avoid cas­ a Communist takeover." ualties. Nixon's intransigent support for the Saigon dic­ "Perhaps the biggest disappointment is that the tatorship is worrying those sectors of the Amer­ South Vietnamese, in this second big ca~paign ican ruling class pressing for a speedier U.S. in the far northern province, have again called withdrawal and an early negotiated settlement. on American-flown helicopters and warplanes for "The mistake U.S. officials made in 1963," the "For heaven's sake, put something on just virtually all troop lifts and close air support, as New York Times declared editorially Sept. 18, for appearances." they did in the invasion of Laos." Senate clears way for passage of draft bill By MICHAEL SMITH scripted and another 1.2 million have been in­ co-authored a book urging abolition of the draft, SEPT. 17- The White House termed its success duced to enlist because of pressure from the draft. was lined up. When it was ascertained that he in clearing the way today for the passage of a Senators Mike Gavel (D-Alaska) and Allan would vote for the Nixon line, an Air Force jet two-year draft extension "a victory for the presi­ Cranston (D-Calif.) have announced they will lead was sent to fly him to Washington from Vermont dent." a filibuster against Senate passage of the com­ for the vote. The final vote was 4 7 to 36 with This "victory" occurred when the Senate voted promise version. It is believed, however, that they 15 vote switches and several crucial absences. 47 to 39 to accept a House-Senate conference com­ will be unable to hold for long the one-third of mittee bill which was a diluted compromise of a the Senate necessary to close debate. Mansfield Antidraft sentiment throughout the country is bill it had passed earlier. This action also re­ has said he will not back them. so high that Nixon, ever since his electioneering moved an amendment by Democratic majority The hiatus since the June 30 lapse of the draft three years ago, has been forced to talk dema­ leader Mike Mansfield calling for withdrawal of law was the first since 1947. Likewise, since 1947 gogically in terms of a volunteer army- some­ U.S. forces in nine months. Final action by the Congress has not had to debate the draft issue. It time in the future. After today's vote, Dixiecrat Senate should come the last week of September, has passed new conscription laws 12 consecutive Stennis, who had agitated with alarm on the im­ restoring to Nixon the power to conscript which times easily and conveniently. pending crisis of manpower and national security lapsed June 30, 1971. and on the degeneration in the quality of the new The administration and Pentagon are thus as­ This year has been different, the task being more military recruit under the noncompulsion system sured of enough manpower through 1973 to at difficult than in any time in a quarter of a cen­ of enlistment effective by default since June 30, least maintain the size of the present 2.2 million tury. Nixon needed· and received bipartisan sup­ commented, "I fully realize we can't go to a vol­ person military machine. They will be able to port in the Senate. Segregationist Senator John unteer concept w~thout a transitional period." In secure, in their terms, "high quality" people who Stennis ( D-Miss. ), working closely with Pentagon other words, reenacting the draft is actually the otherwise would not voluntarily join. Eighty thou­ lobbyists, led Nixon's forces and helped marshal way to abolish it, reasons the chairman of the sand men have already been drafted in 1971 and the bill through the upper chamber. Senate Armed Services Committee. the Pentagon has announced it needs an additional In contrast to Mansfield's and the "doves'" mild His counterpart in the House, Representative 20,000 this year. efforts, Nixon pulled out all th_e stops. Newly ap­ F. Edward Hebert, has been more candid. "The Since the first major escalation of the Vietnam pointed Senator Robert Stafford (R-Vt.), a self­ only way you're going to get an all volunteer war in 1965, 1.3 million men have been con- described moderate liberal and war critic who has army is to draft," he observed.

THE MILITANT/OCTOBER 1I 1971 17 Guardian stall writer allaeks Bengali critics ol Padilla jailing refugee By HARRY RING But, a weary reader will inquire, what does Silber ac- t II LOS ANGELES- Irwin Silber's article in the Aug. 18 tually have to say about the Padilla case? 0 Guardian about the case of the Cuban poet Heberto Pa- The answer, those who have read it carefully will advise dilla makes a scurrilous attack on those revolutionary you, is ... nothing. He takes the "confession" which Pa- partisans of Cuba including the Socialist Workers Party dilla wrote before his release from prison, summarizes mo nts and The Militant and internationally respected radical the main points, and simply presents them as established, . u intellectuals who expressed public concern and protest incontrovertible fact. over the jailing of Padilla. Padilla was released after After rehashing Padilla's "confession," Silber asserts: "It he made a degrading "confession" which did not contain is a measure of the dishonesty with which the 'concerned' By MARCEL BLACK a single fact about a specific crime actually committed. Western intellectuals have approached this case that Ygle- Despite attempts by the Yahya Khan In a four-part article which concluded in the Sept. 17 sia.s in his article [in the New York Review of Books] dictatorship to give the appearance of Militant, I sought to examine the Padilla case and the says that Padilla was arrested without any charges being easing the repression of the East Ben­ political context in which it occurred. Briefly, I stated brought against him and never quotes the following from gali people in Bangia Desh, the num­ that the crackdown on Padilla constituted a serious vio- the poet's own statement, already in Yglesias' hands: 'I ber of Bengalis fleeing to India may lation of the concepts of socialist democracy; that it rep- was arrested for being a counterrevolutionary,' says soon reach over 15 million. resented a concession by the Cuban leadership to Sta- Padilla." · On Sept. 1, Yahya resumed "civilian" linist bureaucratic methods. Which is precisely like saying, "I was arrested for being rule in East Bengal, appointing a ci­ I offered factual evidence that this occurred in the con- a criminal." vilian · to administer the same repres­ text of a worsening economic situation in Cuba, coupled sive policies previously carried out by with the excruciating. difficulty of being driven by the Padilla's 'confession' the military. Yahya also issued an am­ U.S. blockade into the position of being economically Those who read Padilla's embarrassingly self-debasing nesty Sept. 5 on all "non-political" sur­ and militarily dependent on the Kremlin bureaucracy. statement know that he confessed his guilt at having an vivors of the Pakistan invasion of The Kremlin persistently seeks to extract political con­ "inflated ego" and "seeking fame abroad"; of .having a East Bengal months ago. On Sept. 4, the reported that it cessions in return for the aid which it doles out so "defeatiSt" spirit in his poetry; and so on. But nowhere New York Times was rumored that the treason trial of sparingly. in this "confession" does Padilla cite a single concrete East Bengali leader Sheik Mujibur I noted that the Padilla case was not an isolated in­ counterrevolutionary act which he committed. And, need­ cident, and that it was followed by a Cuban Congress Rahman had been delayed. less to say, neither does Silber. (A counterrevolutionary, These events seem to have very little on Education and Culture which in addition to endorsing presumably, is one who works actively to overthrow a to do with making life better for the the treatment of Padilla took a political line that could revolution, or whose crimes are of such a magnitude as East Bengalis, and are really oriented only be characterized as a major concession to Stalinism. to objectively contribute toward such an overthrow.) to placate the international opposition Silber's defense of the Cuban handling of Padilla is a Silber doesn't even quote a line from Padilla's work to Yahya's genocidal methods, espe­ wretched business. His article begins: to at least support the pathetically thin argument that cially to make it easier for Nixon "If counterrevolution always appeared before us in the his poetry was "counterrevolutionary." to get the U.S. public to support fur­ familiar trappings of James Bond movies or the more But, says Silber, Padilla confessed, didn't he? And this ther U. S. aid to Y ahy a. obvious maneuverings of CIA-inspired intrigue, we should was no Moscow frame-up trial with confessions extracted Mirroring this fact, refugees continue not have any great difficulty in recognizing it.... by torture. to stream into India from Bangia "But counterrevolution is not always the work of a CIA I don't know how the "confession" was extracted. Some Desh. There are now 8,250,000 ref­ think-tank. All too often it comes disguised in the rhetoric fear it was by torture. On the other hand, the revolution­ ugees according to the Sept. 1 issue of 'solidarity with the principles' of the struggle, or con­ ary Mexican writer Jose Revueltas, on reading Padilla's of the Paris daily Le Mond,e. Indian cern with what is aU-too-easily described as 'socialist explanation that he came to recognize his counterrevo­ officials believe it may soon reach morality,' but turns out to be on closer inspection, a lutionary ways after extensive discussion with the security 10 million. predisposition for the outmoded values of dying bour­ police, made this cogent observation: Harji Malik, writing in the Aug. geois society." "The 'heretics' of the Middle Ages in recanting offered 28 Far Eastern Economic Review, de­ much less resistance to Jesuit sophistry than to boiling scribes the situation of refugees from Counterrevolutionaries? lead poured into their eye sockets." Bangia Desh: Who could Silber be referring to? Some recent infiltrators In any event, I challenge Silber to present proof of "And still the atrocities continue. . . . of the radical movement who are cleverly using revolu­ one specific counterrevolutionary act by Padilla-from Eyewitnesses reported s~ing three tionary rhetoric to cover up what is really a counter­ his "confession," or anywhere else. bodies, naked young women, lying revolutionary political line? The fact is that the "confession" is so flimsy that even along the roadside near the border Apparently not. The only individuals referred to in so enthusiastic an endorser of it as Silber is moved to just a few days before. They had been the article are such respected socialist and pro-socialist uneasily note: raped and killed, one of them shot intellectuals as Tamara Deutscher, Jose Yglesias, Simone "The statement is hardly a manifesto of revolutionary through the female organs. Others tell de Beauvoir, Jean-Paul Sartre and others. The political culture.... Conceivably it may not even be a totally of women raped and bayoneted in the group singled out for this smear attack is the Socialist honest statement.[!] But if it contains exaggerations de­ same way. A Bangia Desh doctor de­ Workers Party and the paper which expresses its view­ signed to please others or insincere avowals, then the scribed West Pakistan soldiers ripping point, The Miltlant. inconsistencies are Padilla's, not Cuba's." open the stomach of pregnant wom­ Jose Yglesias is, and has been, a staunch defender of That could possibly squeak by if the Cuban govern­ en, pulling . out the unborn bodies, the Cuban revolution. He was guide and translator to mept had offered independent substantiating evidence of and holding them in the air while Warren Miller, who wrote the outstanding book about the Padilla's alleged counterrevolutionary activity. But since they forced the people to shout: • Long live Bengal. • ..." revolution, 90 Miles From Home. Yglesias' own prin­ the "confession" is the sole piece of evidence, the "incon­ cipal work on Cuba, In the Fist of the Revolution, written sistencies" are the property of everyone who uses it to "Care of the present numbers of after living six months in a Cuban town, is a powerful prove Padilla's guilt. 'evacuees'- as the Indian government pro-revolutionary work. Precisely when Yglesias devel­ An old Stalinist favorite in the field of polemic is the insists on calling them officially- is oped "a predisposition for the outmoded class values of amalgam. Example: The "Trotskyites" opposed LBJ from achieved at the cost of Indian devel­ a dying bourgeois society," Silber neglects to ,mention. the left. Goldwater opposed LBJ from the right. That opment. . . . If the number of refugees . Suffice it to say, no explanation is offered either as to puts them both in the same political camp. remains static, which is highly unlike­ whether such figures as Deutscher, de Beauvoir and Sartre Silber employs this method when he writes: "While the ly, the total expenditure on them for were always counterrevolutionary or recently lapsed into bourgeois press gleefully reported the 'wide breach • devel­ this financial year will be at. least that category. · oping between intellectuals and the Cuban revolution and 20 percent of the entire Indian budget. For th'e SWP and Militant, Silber resorts to a really American Armed Forces _Radio trumpeted the affair as The refugees have already been here crude dodge: a 'refreshing schism,' the dilletante-leftist press (The New five months and so far only a tiny "While it is not the intent of this article to respond merely York Review of Books) analyzed the entire matter as a handful have gone back. . . . The with a counterpolemic," Silber announces, "I have to con­ reflection of growing Soviet involvement in Cuban af­ economy has been seriously disrupted and the five-year plan will be inevi- fess that I begin myself with feelings of 'shame and anger' fairs. Not to be outdone, the American Trotskyist press . tably affected." at the conduct of these self-appointed 'judges' of the Cuban undertook a series of blatantly hostile polemics designed The Indian government, Malik !'evolution and the shameless exploitation of the 'affair' to document Cuba's departure from the path of revolu­ wrote, has prevented major explosions in this country by the Socialist Workers Party and its tionary purity as defined by the Talmudists of the So­ in the Indian population only by newspaper, The Militant." cialist Workers Party." maintaining the fiction that the refu­ This is a very convenient device, since it liberates Silber In the Padilla case, in its "critical" endorsement of the from the need to devote even one sentence to what the gees will be able to return to East Ben­ 1968 Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia and in other in­ gal within six months. U.S. sources SWP or The Militant actually had to say about the Pa­ stances, the Cuban leadership has made serious depar­ dilla case. have disclosed that behind the su­ tures from revolutionary principles. Serious revolutionary perficial wrangling between them, the It is equally convenient in that it disposes of the need partisans of Cuba in all countries have the duty, not Indira Gandhi government of India to explain why a movement which has, from the out­ merely the right, to express their views on this. By doing and Yahya 'Khan's military clique set, been consistent and vigorous in its- defense of the so they contribute far more to ~e good and welfare of may be working out some type of Cuban revolution should suddenly become interested in the Cuban revolution than those like Silber who would. compromise that would allow the vol­ engaging in a "shameless exploitation" of the case. "defend" it with the utterly discredited methods of Stalinism. untary or forcible return of the ref­ It is a fact, of course, that the SWP and The Militant ugees. While other capitalist politicians has responded in a sharply critical way to the Padilla A postcript: To my knowledge, the Guardian has not speak of the chances of war between development. But anyone who troubles to read what has commented editorially on the Padilla case. I do not know India and Pakistan to allow repatria­ actually been written will realize that its point of depar­ if Silber was simply expressing his own views or if his tion, including Malik, they forget that ture is continuing defense of the Cuban revolution. Or piece represented the thinking of the Guardian staff. If capitalist India's refusal to give more is Silber now prepared to reassert the old Stalinist thesis it does not represent the thinking of the staff-as I hope than symboiic aid to the Bangia Desh that any disagreement with the government of a workers is the case-elementary political hygiene would suggest fighters allowed the Pakistanis to force state is automatically equivalent to counterrevolution? that those who disagree speak up. these millions into exile.

18 did in 1962, revolutionaries would be talist ownership of social wealth, re­ 1968 Chinese "cultural revolution" as under no obligation to support China sources and productive facilities. The an unsuccessful attempt by Chinese By TONY THOMAS if she were, as the PLP now tells us, economic life of these countries is not workers to win .back power .from the "Current policies of the leadership of equally as capitalist as India. based on rational expanSion of pro­ "red bourgeoisie" led by Mao. the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Since the Soviet Union, which PLP ductive power, but on anarchic compe­ have reversed the revolutionary pro­ analyzes in the same whimsical way tition between the Mellons, the du Nature of bureaucratic caste cess in China, and have taken China it analyzes China, has been branded Ponts, the Rockefellers, the Krupps,~ While ignoring the system of pro- back on the path of capitalism. . . . not only "capitalist" but "imperialist" and other capitalists on a national . duction existing in China, PLP points The concessions granted to the [Chi­ and "fascist," it is necessary for PLP and international scale. If it serves to personal privileges accruing to the nese] bourgeoisie by the policy of New to clarify whether or not the same the needs of capitalist profit, produc­ Maoist bureaucrats, attitudes ex­ Democracy had enabled a new ruling characterization applies to China also. tion will be curtailed or. halted alto­ pressed by the Mao leadership on a class to emerge and gain ascendancy. In 1968 when the Soviet Army invad­ gether, wages slashed, and world eco­ number of political questions, Mao's It differed in form from the old rul- ed Czechoslovakia, PLP supported nomic crises precipitated. acceptance of Soviet aid in the 1950s, It is this. private ownership of the and China's military policies as evi­ economic resources and the national dence that China is dominated by a and international competition and eco­ capitalist class. · nomic anarchy resulting from it, rath­ The role of the Mao bureaucracy, er than the personal privileges of the like that in the Soviet Union, is com­ In defense capitalists, that determines the exis­ pletely different from that of a capi­ tence of capitalism. talist cl,ss. The capitalist class is nec­ Workers states, are states in which essary to the productive process in the private ownership of the. dominant capitalist society. Without Mellons, . productive forces has been ended by a Rockefellers, etc., owning the means the of production, forcing profits, exploit­ of social and economic revolution, and planning rather than anarchic com­ ing labor, etc., you don't have capi­ petition charts the economic course. talism. Capitalism without the capi­ Whatever private property remains­ talist class is as absurd as capitalism such as peasant holdings-plays a without wage workers.. Chinese The Maoist bureaucracy, however, subordinate role in relation to the na­ tionalized sector. Economic relations rather than being a social group with between a workers state and capitalist a necessary role in the productive sys­ countries is governed by a state mo­ tem of the Chinese workers state, plays revolution= nopoly of foreign trade. a parasitic role. Without the Mao bu­ Marxists designate the Soviet Union, reaucratic caste, which appropriates the Eastern European states including material privileges for itself, the na­ .An answer to Yugoslavia, and China, Cuba, the tionalized and planned economy Democratic Republic of Vietnam, and would not only continue to exist but the People's Democratic Republic of would be more productive than it is Progressive Labor Korea (North Korea) as workers now if there was mass participation states because capitalist property re­ in the economic planning. lations have been overturned. PLP is unable to prove that the PLP openly rejects this Marxist ap­ Chinese "red bourgeoisie" is engaged proach in its attempt to analyze the in individual ownership of the means social character of the Chinese state. of production, or that China suffers It claims that the question of pro­ the competition, crises and imperialist ductive relations is irrelevant. It states, investment that goes along with cap­ "The question of who holds state pow­ italism. Nor is PLP or anyone able er cannot be answered by examining to seriously claim that a "red bour- ' only forms (the Soviet Union, after all geoisie" in China can sell productive has a Communist Party and state own­ facilities to one another or foreign in­ ership of property.)" (November 1971 vestors or will them to their children PL, emphasis added) or relatives. In short, PLP is unable In _its search for determining when to prove that the Maoist bureaucracy and how China became a capitalist is really a capitalist class for one state, PLP argues that during the_ mak­ simple reason: it isn't. ing of the Chinese· revolution Mao In reality, Chin~ is still a workers Tsetung and the .CCP vacillated be­ state. The main contradiction in China tween "a ... class struggle line ... is not between the anarchy and ex­ [and] a new democratic class collab­ ploitation wrought by individual prof­ orationist line.... "(November 1971 it-gouging capitalists and workers ex­ n) . ploited by this system of production; PLP also claims that Chinese peas­ but between a rational nationalized ants, workers, and lower echelon CCP productive system. and a privileged cadres forced Mao to establish a work­ bureaucracy led by Mao and the CCP. ers state in 1949, which existed until One of the attributes of this bureau­ 1959. cracy is a narrow-minded nationalist Whereas PLP contends that the Mao outlook that puts its own needs to leadership from 1949 to 1959 had stay in power before the needs of the a centrist position, i.e., vacillating be­ world revolution; It's main perspec­ Workers assembling coal pulverizers in Shanghai plant. tween reform and revolution, revolu­ tive, like the Soviet bureaucracy, is Industrial devel_opment is made possible by China's tionary Marxists argue_ that the Mao the establishment of "socialism in one planned economy-the basic conquest of the revolution leadership was reformist and following country" rather than defense of the rev­ which remains intact and to which PLP shuts its eyes. the class collaborationist policies of olution through its .extension to other Stalin at the time of the 1949 revolu­ countries. ing class, but its capitalist essence re­ China's branding of the Soviet Union tion~ This was indicated in the first This is the ba~tis for Mao's support mained identical." as '"imperialist" and "worse than Hit­ years after the revolution when Mao to Yahya Khan in Pakistan and Ban­ Thus, the Progressive Labor Party ler," and claimed that Czechoslovakia attempted to form a coalition govern­ daranaike in Ceylon. This is also the (PLP), in the November issue of its was a bourgeois democracy which ment with capitalist parties and did basis for Mao's two-stage theory of magazine Progressive Labor, 'brands must be defended against "Soviet fas­ not immediately expropriate capitalist­ revolution in which the fight for social­ Maoist China, which it once held up cism." These jumbled and unscientific owned industry. ism in colonial and semi-colonial as the model of "Marxism-Leninism­ characterizations pose the question: This policy failed, however, in spite · countries is subordinated to alliances Stalinism" and socialism, as a capi­ Does PLP consider China "imperial­ of Mao's attempts to carry it out be­ W:ith the national capitalists. talist state. This follows PLP's similar ist" and "fascist," and if so, would cause of the extreme weakness of the Revolutionary socialists have con­ reversal in 1966 of its position on the PLP defend China against U.S. impe­ capitalist forces in China, the tremen­ demned, since the establishment of the Soviet Union. Once hailed as "social­ rialism which it characterizes as a dous mass mobilization of the peas­ Mao regime, many of the abuses the ist," the U. S. S. R. was dubbed a cap- bourgeois democracy? ants and workers, and the necessity PLP criticizes: the privileges of the italist state. · Defense of the Chinese revolution is to organize the economy on an ef­ Chinese bureaucrats; the use of com­ By 1967, both PLP and the Chinese a serious question for all revolution­ ficient basis to cope with the threat of pulsion and the suppression of work­ bureaucracy were branding the Soviet aries, and PLP's failure to state its U.S. invasion during the Korean war. ers democracy; the repression and Union as "imperialist" itnd "fascist." position on this matter reflects its light­ It was during the Korean war, that murder of pro-socialist dissidents in­ Now the same anti-Marxist method is minded attitude to both theory and capitalist ownership over production cluding the Chinese Trotskyists- and being us.ed by the ex-Maoists of PLP action. was overturned and replaced with a an endless list of other crimes com­ to analyze China itself. nationalized planned economy. This mitted by the Mao bureaucrats The question of whether or not Capitalist and workers states was_ accomplished in spite of the Mao­ against the Chinese revolution. China is capitalist has far-reaching What is the difference between capi­ ist leadership, but . Mao still retained However, revolutionary socialists implications. At issue are how many talist states and workers states? Marx­ his control and established a reform­ also recognize that China remains a of the gains won in the Chinese revo­ ists determine this difference on the ist, undemocratic and privileged bu­ workers state and that the gains of lution have been retained, and wheth­ basis of the system of economic pro­ reaucracy over the new workers state. the· revolution must be defended er those gains should be defended. duction that prevails within a country. Thus the Chinese workers state was against the enemies of the Chinese If China is no longer a workers state, Countries like the U. S., Great Brit­ deformed from birth. revolution, including the Maoist bu­ revolutionary socialists would be un­ ain, France, Sweden, India, and so PLP further claims: "the dictatorship reaucrats. der no obligation to defend China on are characterized as capitalist be­ of the bourgeoisie [capitalists] ... is The class character of China is a from capitalist attack. If war broke cause the system of production in these what came to prevail in China in the serious questio_n, not a question of out between China and India, as it countries is based on individual capi- period 1960-1966." It views the 1966- Continued on poge 22

THE MILITANT/OCTOBER 1, 1971 19 In Review Film Records Won't Get Fooled Again A western that from the album Who's Next by The Who. Decca DL 79182. It's no secret that rock and folk music have been powerful forces in the current radicalization. Dylan is the most obvious early example begins where most of one whose music was both a product of the rise in social and politi­ cal consciousness and in turn helped to further raise social and po­ litical consciousness. Indeed, songs like Seeger's "We Shall Overcome" westerns erid and later the Airplane's "Volunteers" have literally become fight songs for youth in the struggle against injustice. end- with the settler struggling in the McCabe and Mrs. Miller. Directed One of the most significant, though lesser-known contributions was by Robert Altman. Starring War­ wilderness. But then enters the mer­ The Who's "My Generation," a song that defined today's youth as ren Beatty and Julie Christie. War­ chant to live off the needs and desires an oppressed social layer and then served up a cry of defiance against ner Brothers. of the settlers, followed by the indus­ the oppression. Now The Who have re-emerged with their first new trial capitalists, who ultimately domi­ material since the 1969 rock opera "Tommy." The album is musically nate their predecessors. Traditionally, the western has com­ their finest to date and is entitled "Who's Next." bined a justification for murder and McCabe, merchant of pleasure, The single from that album "Won't Get Fooled Again" looms, at squirms desperately to escape his fate. land seizures used against Indians this writing, as another great hit. Peter Townshend, who penned the He tries to placate the gunmen sent and Chicanos, a glorification of free song, mixes an intriguing organ played through a wah-wah pedal enterprist!, and a romantic view of to kill him; he engages a ·lawyer, a ·with his patented explosive guitar to create some of the hardest rock state power (the lawman, the cavalry) reform politician who lectures him possible. . as servant of the little guy. Such cine­ about the evils of big_ trusts but who On the other hand, Townshend's lyrics are a long way from the ma mythology is a powerful weapon is more interested in his own career revolutionary fervor the music seems to create. Carrying still further for justifying existing power relation­ than his client's life; finally, too proud the recent trend in rock music toward a stress on a personal approach or stupid to ask the miners or even ships. to the world's problems, "Won't Get Fooled Again" may be the first Mrs. Miller for help, McCabe faces The conditions of free land and right-wing single to make it since "Ballad of the Green Berets." the gunmen alone. Mrs. Miller is like­ mineral wealth that prevailed for a Townshend seeks to put fear into. the listener by predicting a sellout time on the frontier gave credence to wise defeated, retreating into the dream of the revolution by its leaders: the philosophy of laissez-faire capital­ world of opium addiction. ism and influenced the national char­ Altman does not present a clear way We'll be fighting in the street acter in the direction of individualism, out for someone trapped by a cut­ With our children at our feet unlimited optimism, and expansion­ throat social system, but he exposes And the morals that they worshipped ism. But soon the wilderness shrank, the hopelessness of any individual so­ Will be gone free land grew scarce, and the West lution. He tries hard and often suc­ (built up with Eastern capital) began cessfully to create an aura of realism. And the men who spurred us on to suffer during financial crises: "Rug­ But what with the hazy camera work, Sit in judgment of all wrong . ged individualism" came into conflict folksy songs and modishly excessive They decide and the shotgun sings the song .. with reality. The end result was not profanity, this is very nearly over­ Meet the new boss a classless society of freeholders but done. An arbitrary nude scene (women Same as the old boss ••• class friction in the form of Indian only, of course) appears to be an Townshend's criticisms show the weakness of his argument. Through­ resistance, range wars, banditry, and adaptation to box office requirements, out the song he is only able to find fault with something that has finally union struggles. although he also exposes some of the not even happened. He has substituted a prediction of a change in H the early West was the only epoch victimization of women. course by revolutionary leaders for substantial critical argument against in which free enterprise seemed to The major innovation of the ftlm the revolution. Does he feel that people who have dedicated their lives promise a utopia to some, then what is its presentation of Chinese immi­ to fighting poverty, racism, sexism, and other evils of the capitalist better form of capitalist propaganda grants and the major role they played system will suddenly want to perpetuate those evils when in power? than the western? Yet today, as the in developing the region. The Mexican If so, what does he base this on? Townshend would do well t? get rejection of this mythology spreads, vaqueros, the Black cowboys, the to know some revolutionary leaders. some ftlmmakers are attempting to Chinese laborers, and the multitude His arguments are effective only insofar as they play on people's natural fear of the unknown. But they differ little from those of Mc­ Carthyite groups like the John Birch Society. In this case, however, the factual ignorance is Townshend's. Every real revolutionary knows that no true revolution can be made or can survive with leaders forcing .their will upon the people with a shotgun. Yet, rather than attempt to insure that the revolution follow a correct course, Townshend says he's going to:

Pick up my guitar and play Just like yesterday And get on my knees and pr~y · We don't, get fooled again.

It is this sort of political non-activity that has allowed every tyrant in history to come to power. Yet Townshend recommends this course of action in place of revolutionary struggle. Perhaps, though, if we recall that in capitalist America The Who is able to rip off people to the tune of $60,000 for an hour's concert, we'll better understand the source of these lyrics. Hopefully, we'll be able to enjoy the music and forget them. -NEIL DOBRO

Mrs. Miller (left) and MCCabe reconstruct a more accurate picture of of immigrant workers who built the America's past West have been all but invisible in Robert Altman, director of M.A.S. H., standard westerns. has made an excellent contribution Such long-hidden histories could to this trend with McCabe and Mrs. provide a wealth of new material for Miller. The ftlm follows the rapid young ftlmmakers. So would stories growth of a mining town in the North­ of the struggles between wealthy and west, where a gambler and pimp small ranchers (like the Powder River (Beatty) and a madam (Christie) are War), the Indian genocide, even the in business. Just as these hard-work­ early history of the IWW. As the myth­ ing "entrepreneurs" are beginning to makers' version of history falls fur­ prosper, a mining trust moves in to ther into disrepute, alternativeversions buy out McCabe, casually liquidating of America's rise to empire will in­ him when he is slow to negotiate. creasingly be sought by the ftlmgoing Altman begins where most westerns public. -STEVE BECK

20 candidate for mayor of Cleveland. As nearly $3,500 for offices open in this Alewitz, an SWP candidate for City SWP an experienced activist in the Black election. These include mayor, six su­ Council in the municipal election last liberation struggle, and former student pervisors, sheriff, and district attor­ spring, challenged Butler at a news at Antioch College, he'll be helping ney. The SWP had announced candi­ conference called by the SWP after .the lauriches to build the Jenness/Pulley campaign dates for mayor and six su·pervisors, mayor was quoted in the University among Black activists and students fees for which totaled $2,000. of Texas Daily 'J!exan as saying he on campuses and in high schools: The fees were raised this year from did not feel he had been elected "to Both Jaquith and Hawkins will be $30 to 2 percent of the salary for each do favors for the SWP." fall • key organizers of the campaign-set­ office, "to cut the size of the ballot The mayor made this remark to ting up meetings with activists ·in the and also to impose a requirement that the Daily Texan when he was asked campaign- mass movements, debating representa­ a candidate show a serious intent," about his opposition to a request from tives of the other candidates, meeting according to the assistant city attor­ the YMCA Board of Directors for a the press, addressing student audi­ ney, Thomas A. Toomey. variance- a special exemption- in the tours ences, and participating in rallles, Judge Wollenberg's decision makes building code on their offices across By LAURA MILLER marches and demonstrations from permanent a temporary restraining the street from the U of T campus. After a month of successful meetings, coast to coast. order he issued Sept. 14 requiring Members of the SWP are active in banquets and rallies for the Socialist Jaquith's tour begins Sept. 27 in the registrar to accept any candidate. organizations that use space in the Workers Party 1972 presidential and who swore inability to pay the filing YMCA offices, such as the Student vice-presidential candidates, they are fee. Other requirements are 40 signa­ Mobilization Committee. (The City about to embark upon tours which The following letter from Athens, tures, 20 sworn sponsors, and a state­ -Council subsequently granted the ment of qualifications. Under the re­ variance.) will take them to nearly every state Greece, was received on Sept. 20: in the U. S. in the next three months. straining order, Weinstein, Wong and Appearing with Alewitz at the Sept. In addition to candidates Linda Jen­ the other SWP candidates for super­ 13 news conference was Mariana Her­ ness and Andrew Pulley, Cindy Ja­ We, the underground fighting and visor had three days to file before nandez, who was the SWP candidate quith, 24, and John Hawkips, 23, will imprisoned Trotskyists in Greece, final decision was handed down. By for mayor in last spring's election. be touring the country in support of greet our candidates for president the time of the filing deadline Sept. The two SWP representatives said that the SWP campaign. Jaquith and Haw­ and vice-president in the U.S. A., 17, 50 candidates had filed, includ­ when. the mayor was contacted and asked what he meant. by his state- kins are national coordinators of the comrades Linda Jenness and An­ ing 11 for mayor. Most paid the fll­ Young Socialists for Jenness and Pul­ ing fees even after the court decision, ment · in the Daily Texan, he had in­ drew Pulley, and wish every suc­ since they would otherwise have had dicated that he had seen police reports ley. cess in their campaign. Linda Jenness' tour will take her to swear they could not afford them. on the activity_ of SWP members in through · the Midwestern states in late We declare our solidarity with This decision is an important prec­ the YMCA offices. September and October. In early No­ them and our Socialist Workers edent in the attempt to strike down At the news conference, Alewitz said vember, she will leave the Midwest party and Young .Socialist Alliance restrictions like filing fees designed to there was no question of "favors" for the SWP, but that democratic, consti­ for Pennsylvania, and then travel in their fight for our common end: keep ballots small and exclusive. In through New York, New Jersey, Con- his decision, Judge Wollenberg cited tutional rights were involved. "We dis­ the world socialist revolution. Ev­ as a precedent Jenness vs. Fortson, agree with Mayor Butler's opinion that ery progress of our movement in the case filed by Linda Jenness, SWP he has the right to suppress our or­ the stronghold of world reaction, candidate for goverp.or of Atlanta in ganization because he doesn't agree the center of imperiq/ism, is heart­ 1970, which struck down a $2,500 with it," Alewitz said in challenging ening and encouraging us in our flling fee for governor and U.S. Con­ Butler to debate. fight against the hateful military gress. The news conference was reported on both the evening and late news dictatorship in our country support­ Steinman had specifically requested a written decision to provide another broadcasts of all three Austin TV sta­ ed by the Nixon government and precedent against high filing fees. tions, as well a·s on many radio sta­ the· American militarists. · "This is a victory not only for poor tions and in the Daily Texan and Go forward! Venceremosl people, but fpr young people just be­ Austin American. coming voters who want to run but can't afford the high fees," Steinman said. Seattle. From there, she will travel through

THE MILITANT/OCTOBER 1, 1971 21 FERENCE. Fri., Oct. I, 8 p.m. and all day Sot., Oct. 2. San Francisco City College. Sponsored ,by: North­ for prisons. The very social system ern California Peace Action Co_olition. that has created and defined crime ... inside will have been eliminated. TWIN CITIES Continued from page JO But only a revolutionary upheaval SPEECH BY LINDA JENNESS, SWP CANDIDATE FOR math of the attack? powerful enough to take power out of PRESIDENT. Fri., Oct. I, 8 p.m. Donation: Sl. Party the hands of the Rockefellers and Nix­ afterword. Carl Skoglund Hall, I University Ave. NE, Mpls. Donation Sl. Ausp. Twin Cities Socialist Forum. Gaiter: Obviously the power structure ons and place it in the hands of the_ decided that they could not toler ate most oppressed and exploited- the insurrection and insubordination by workers, the prisoners, the Black and poor, Black and minority people any Brown communities, the women, the longer- regardless how many human draftees~ only such a fundamental re­ lives would be lost. They made that organization of society can bring about decision based on the fact that they the necessary changes. That is the "prison reform" we are ultimately work­ name-calling. had to demonstrate authority and ing for. An.ANTA The Chinese workers and peasants power so this thing would never hap­ AMERICAN POLITICS AND THE BLACK COMMUNITY. pen again. New York Deputy Commissioner of in order to advance the Chinese rev­ Speaker: Andrew Pulley, 1972 Socialist Workers Party It should be clear to anyone who "Corrections" William Baker told re­ olution will be forced to overthrow vice-presidential ca-ndidate. Fri., Oct. I, 8 p.m. at the has common sense, who has the ability porters the day of the Attica Massacre Militant Bookstore, 68 Peachtree St. NE (at Poplar the Mao bureaucracy. This, however, to reason; that murder was committed. that prison riots, like proletarian rev­ St.). Donation: Sl (SOc for high school students). Ausp. does not require a social and econom­ The inmates had no. weapons. They olutions, occur in a. climate of rising Militant Bookstore Forum. ic transformation. Rather, it will be indicated to the prison officials that expectations. He might have added, BOSTON a political revolution which will throw AmCA REVOLT AND MASSACRE: A symposium on they did not intend to harm .the hos­ with even greater insight, that the pris­ out the undemocratic, pri~ileged bu­ THE NATURE OF THE U.S. PRISON SYSTEM. Panelists: tages, that they just wanted to dis­ on revolts merely reflect the growing Derrick Morrison, Militant reporter present at Attica; reaucratic caste that has usurped pow­ cuss the issues and demands, that if crisis of the capitalist system in its a former prisoner; an aHorney active in prison re­ er over the Chinese people. The na­ death agony. form; taped interview with a prisoner; and others. the hostages were harmed it would tionalized economy and planned econ­ be through acts of the prison officials The names of the individuals who Fri., Oct. 1, 8:00 p.m. 295 Huntington Ave., Rm. 307. omy already won will not be over­ Donation: S1, h'". students 50 c. Ausp. Militant labor and not acts of their own. struggled and died at Attica and San Forum. turned. The autopsies- have proven that to Quentin and in the other prisons of PLP's apparent refusal to defend the CAMBRIDGE be a fact. America, will go down in history SOCIALIST WORKERS PARTY CAMPAIGN FUND RAIS. gains of the Chinese revolution, puts Attica showed that the governor, the alongside the names of men like Mal­ lNG SMORGASBORD. Featured speakers: Peter CO: them in league with such right-wing president, the men in charge of the colm X as heroes of the masses in the mejo, 1970 SWP candid~te for U.S. senator against social democrats as Michael Harring­ lives of hundreds of thousands of pe~ coming American revolution. Edward Kennedy, presently a member of the SWP ton's Socialist Party. The SP uses its '72 National Presidential Campaign CommiHee; John pie all over New York State are capa­ E. Powers Jr., recent candidate for mayor· of Boston; _ refusal to designate China, ~e Soviet ble, at any moment, of committing Jeanne Lafferty, women's liberationist and Cambridge Union, and Cuba as workers states cold-blooded murder without blinking City Council candidate, as well as Matilda Zimmerman, as an- excuse to be silent about or an eye and then having the audacity '72 SWP Presidential Campaign Organizer. Sot., Oct. support U.S. imperialis_m's cam­ to try and vindicate themselves by 9, 5 p.m. refreshments, 7 p.m. Smorgasbord. Enter­ 1,000 paigns against them. tainment and speakers to follow. Old Cambridge Bop­ lying and subterf~ge, by setting up list Church, 1151 Mass. Ave., Donation: S2, students However, it must be remembered, blue-ribbon committees, by doing all S1.50. For further information, call 262-9688 or 354- that PLP's adherence to Mao Tsetung . the things that in the past have fooled 1138. honor Thought had a lot to do with their the people, that have led .us to the current analysis of China. It was Mao position where we are now. CHicAGO CONVICT HANRAHAN FOR MURDER: A panel on the Tseh1ng who taught them to brand I think it's pure murder. I think the Russian bureaucrats as "capital­ Jackson campaign to bring fred Hampton's and Mark Cork's it will happen again unless we make murderers to justice. James D. Montgomery, oHy., ists," "imperialists,"· fascists," "worse sure that it doesn't by the manner and others. Fri., Oct. I, 8 p.m. Great lakes Building, than Hitler," etc. Mao, in turn, learned of our protests, demonstrations and 180 N. Wacker Dr., Rm. 310. Donation: S1, students this from Stalin, who in 1948 branded in London actions and by the involvement of the SOc. Ausp. Militant labor Forum. - By T.J. O'FLAHERTY Yugoslavia as a capitalist state when people. LONDON- This . city honored the NEW YORK: UPPER WEST SIDE it refused to submit totally to the memory of George .Jackson in a rally NIXON, MAO AND VIETNAM. Speaker: Stephanie Kremlin. While PLP was still Maoist, Coontz, member of Coordinating CommiHee of NPAC. held on Sept. 2 of over 1,000 at the it took the criminal positions that Cu­ St. Pancras town hall. It was orga­ Fri., Oct. I, 8:30 p.m. 1744 Broadway (106th St.), ba, the Soviet Union, and the Eastern 2nd floor. Donation: S1, h.s. students SOc. Ausp. Mili­ ... Attica nized jointly by the Friends of Sole­ European states, with the exception tant labor Forum. Continued from page J3 dad, the Afr~American Committee, of Albania, were capitalist. most without exception, to the social and the Committee for the Defense of NEW YORK: LOWER MANHATTAN Thus, when Peking's l:'ecent support inequities and distortions of human Angela Davis. FALL SOCALIS'J: EDUCAnONAL SERIES. "The Popular to the brutal repression of -revolution­ Front," third of ·three classes on the Spanish Civil potential and character that are rooted Winston Pinder, a Black tradeunion­ ary forces in Ceyloii and Pakistan War by les Evans, editor of the International Social­ in capitalist society. ist, presided. Leila Hassan, 'represent­ ist Review. Sun., Oct. 3, 1 p.m. 706 Broadway (nr. and its projected meeting with Nixon The prisons of this country· exist ing the Black Unity and Freedom Fourth St.), 8th floor. SOc per session, S3.00 for com­ revealed to PLP what revolutionary for one reason only- to try to terror­ Party, and representatives of t~e Black plete series of eight classes. For more information, socialists had always known- that the call 260-0976. Ausp. Socialist Workers Party. ize people into accepting an inhuman, Liberation Front and Black Workers Peking and Moscow bureaucrats dif­ irrational social system based on Coordinating Committee also spoke. MILITANT LABOR FORUM. Fri.,-oct. 1, 8:30p.m. 706 , fered only in style in their attempts maintaining the rights of the few over Anthony Shiel gave an account of Broadway (nr. Fourth St.), 8th Floor. Donation: S1, to throttle the world revolution- PLP the m·ajority. Once capitalism is elimi­ George Jackson's life, and David h.s. students SOc. used the same incorrect Mao-taught nated, once it is replaced by a system Udok read a funer81 oration while method and branded China capitalist. PHILADELPHIA which can abundantly provide for the slides of scenes of mourners at Jack­ EYEWITNESS ACCOUNT OF THE STRUGGLE IN PLP has still not indicated whether needs of the many rather than the son' s funeral in lllinois were shown. NORTHERN IRELAND. Speaker: Mike Walker. Fri., Oct. they think the Democratic Republic profits of a tiny handful, once we have There were a large number of other 1. 8 p.m. 1004 Filbert (1 block north of Market). Ad­ of Vietnam, People's Democratic Re­ eradicated all the distortions of hu­ young Black women and men who mission: S1, h.s. students and unemployed SOc. Ausp. public of Korea, and Albania are cap­ man potential which flow from this followed with brief militant speeches. Militant lobar Forum. italist, though they attack all three inhuman system and the institutions A message from Angela Davis was SAN FRANCISCO with most of the same terms they use that prop it up, t~ere will be no need read amid acclaim. NORTHERN CALIFORNIA REGIONAL ANnWAR CON. against Russia, China and Cuba. Directory ALABAMA: University: YSA, P. 0. Box 5462, University, Alo. 35486. MASSACHUSmS: Amherst: YSA, Box 324, Student Activities Office, York, N.Y. 10025. Tel: (212) 663-3000. ARIZONA: Phoenix: YSA, c/o John Beadle, P.O. Box 750, Tempe, Ar­ Campus Center, U of Mass., Amherst, Mass. 01002. NORTH CAROLINA: Chapel Hill: YSA, Box 2448, Chapel Hill, N.C. izono85281. Tel: (602) 968-2913. Boston: SWP and YSA, c/o Militant labor Forum, 295 Huntington Ave., 27514. Tucson: YSA, 410 N. 4th Ave., Tucson, Ariz. 85705. Rm. 307, Boston, Man. 02115. Tel: (617) 536-6981, 262-9688. OHIO: Cleveland: SWP and YSA, 4420 Superior Ave., Cleveland; CALIFORNIA: Berkeley-Ooldand: SWP and YSA, 3536 Telegraph Ave., PIHslield: YSA, c/o R. G. Pucko, 77 Euclid Ave., PiHsfietd, Mass. 01201. Ohio 44103. Tel: (216) 391-5553. Oaklond,Calif. 94609. Tel: (415) 654-9728. Worcester: YSA, Box 1470, Clark U, Worcester, Mass. 01610. Socialist Yellow Springs: YSA, Antioch .College Union, Yellow Springs, Ohio Ooremont: YSA, c/o Mark Neithercut, Story House, Claremont Men's Workers Campaign '71, P. 0. Box 97, Webster Sq. Sta., Worcester, Mass. 45387. College, Claremont, Calif. 91711. 01603. OREGON: Eugene: YSA, c/o Dave Hough, 4888 W. Amazon, Eugene, Los Angeles: SWP and YSA, 1107 1/2 N. Western Ave., Los Angeles, MICHIGAN: Ann Arbor: YSA, P.O. Box 408, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48107. Ore. 97405. Tel: (503) 342-7076. Calif. 90029. Tel: SWP-(213) 463-1917, YSA-(213) 463-1966. Detroit: SWP, YSA, Eugene V. Debs Hall, 3737Woodward Ave., Detroit, Portland: YSA, c/o Val Moller, 1944 N.W. Johnson, Room 103, Port­ Sacramento: YSA, c/o Mark Lampson, 2307-A 24th Ave., Sacramento, Mich. 48201. Tel: (313) TEI-6135. land, Ore. 97209. Calif. 95822. East lansing: YSA, P. 0. Box 14, East lansing, Mich. 48823. PENNSYLVANIA: Philadelphia: SWP and YSA, 1004 Filbert St. (one San Francisco: SWP, YSA, Militant labor Forum, and Pioneer Books, block north of Market), Philadelphia, Po. 19107. Tel: (215) WA5.4316. 2338 Market St., San Francisco, Calif. 94114. Tel: (415) 626-9958. MINNESOTA: Minneapolis-St. Paul: SWP, YSA and lobar Bookstore, RHODE ISLAND: Providence: YSA, P.O. Box 117, Annex Sto., Prov­ San Diego: SWP, P.O. Box 15111, San Diego, Calif. 92115. YSA, P.O. 1 University N.E. (at E. Hennepin) 2nd fl., Mpls. 55413. Tel: (612) 332- idence, R.I. 0290f. Tel: (401) 863-3340. Box 15186, San Diego, Calif. 92115. 7781. TENNESSEE: Knoxville: YSA, c/o Mike Lemonds, P.O. Box 8641, Uni­ MISSOURI: Kansas City: YSA, c/o Student Activities Office, U of Mis­ versity Sta., Knoxville, Tenn. 37916. COLORADO: Denver: SWP, YSA and Militant Bookstore, 1100 Champa souri at Kansas City, 5100 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, Mo. 64110. Tel: TEXAS: Austin: SWP and YSA, P.O. Box 5586, West Austin Station, St., Denver, Colo. 80204. Tel: (303) 623-9505. Bookstore open Mon.­ (816) 924-3714. Austin, Texas 78703. Sat., 10:30 a.m.-7 p.m. NEW HAMPSHIRE: Portsmouth: YSA, P.O. Box 479, Durham, N.H. Houston: SWP and YSA and Pathfinder Books, 6409 lyons Ave., Hous-- RORIDA: Jacksonville: YSA, P.O. Box 8409, Arlington Branch, Jackson­ 03824. ton, Texas, 77020. Tel: (713) 674-0612. ' ville, Fla. 32211. NEW JERSEY: Wayne: YSA, c/o Clyde Magorelli, William-Paterson Son Antonio: YSA, c/o P.O. Box 774, San Antonio, Texas 78202. Tallahassee: YSA, c/o BreH Merkey, 814 California St., Tallahassee, College of N.J., 300 Pompton Rd., Wayne, N.J. 07470. UTAH: logan: YSA, c/o Dayne Goodwin, 855 North 7th St. East, logon, . Fla. 32304. Tel: (904) 222-8776. NEW YORK: Binghamton: YSA, P. 0. Box 1389, Harpur College, Bing­ Utah8432i. Tampa: YSA, P.O. Box 9133, Tampa, Flo. 33604. Tel: (813) 228-4655. hamton, N.Y.l3901.- WASHINGTON, D.C.: SWP and YSA, 2000 P St. NW, Rm. 413, Wash., GEORGIA: Atlanta: Militant Bookstore, 68 Peachtree St. (3rd floor), Brooklyn: SWP and YSA, 136 lawrence St. (at Willoughby), Brooklyn, D.C., 20036. Tel: (202) 833-9560. SWP and YSA, P.O. Box 846, Atlanta, Ga. 30301. Tel: (404) 523-0610. N.Y. 11201. Tel: (212) 596-2849. WASHINGTON: Seattle:' Militant Bookstore, 5257 University Way N. E., ILLINOIS: Chicago: SWP, YSA and bookstore, 180 N. Wacker Dr., Long island: YSA, P. 0. Box 357, Roosevelt, l.l., N.Y. 11575. Tel: (516) SeaHie, Wash. 98105. Hrs. II a.m.-8 p.m., Mon-Sat. Tel: (206) 523-2555. Rm. 310, Chicago, Ill. 60606. Tel: (312) 641-0147. FR9-0289. WISCONSIN: La Crosse: YSA, Box 157,la Crosse, Wis. 54601. DeKolb: YSA, c/o Student Activities Center, Northern Illinois U, DeKalb, New York City-City-wide SWP and YSA, 706 Broadway (4th St.), Madison: YSA, 202 W. Gilman, Madison, Wis. 53703. Tel: (608) 256- Ill. 60115. Tel: (815) 753-0510 (day); (815) 758-2935 (night). Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. 10003. Tel: (212) 982-8214. 0857. INDIANA: Bloomington: YSA, c/o John Heilers, West University Apls. lower ManhaHan: SWP, YSA and Merit Bookstore, 706 Broadway Milwaukee: YSA, UWM Student Union, 2200 E. Kenwood Blvd., Mil­ •22, Indiana U, Bloomington, Ind. 47401. (4th St.), Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. 10003. Tel: SWP-(212) 982- waukee, Wis. 53211. Tel: (414) 332-9424. KANSAS: Lawrence: YSA, c/o Mary Bee, 402 Yorkshire, lawrence, _6051, YSA-(212) 260-0976, Merit Books-(212) 982-5940. Oshkosh: YSA, 440 Bowen St., Oshkosh, Wis. 54901. Tel: (414) 233- Kan. 66044. Tel: (913) 8A3-8083. .Upper West Side: SWP and YSA, 2744 Broadway (106th St.), New 2145.

22 1nternat1ona t SOCIQ IS FIFTY CENTS lctVIctW

IN THE OOT. ISSUE edited with an introduction by Paul N. Siegel Nixon's Economic Game Plan: "Trotsky wrote with an original, live­ ly style, as this selection of his The Great Payroll Robbery I iterary criticism shows." -- Long by Les Evans Beach Independent "Trotsky was one of the founders of Marxist literary criticism, and his range of interests in art and literature was surprisingly wide. In this an­ The New Stage of thology of his literary criticism, Siegel has brought together scattered arti­ cles, essays, reviews, statements, World Bevolri.tion letters, and manifestoes covering the period 1908-1939 .... Much of this BY JOSEPH HANSEN YSA. materia I has never before appeared • • in book form .... Trotsky brings Also: critical insight and considerable taste TWO VIEWS OF PAN-AFRICANISM and judgment." --library Journal by Robert Allen and Tony Thomas JOin. 248 pp., $6.95, paper $2.45 NEW VOICE OF LA RAZA: CHICANAS SPEAK OUT by Mirta Vidal 1972: BIGGEST SOCIALIST ELECTION CAMPAIGN Order from: SINCE DEBS by Laura Miller PATHFINDER PRESS now. 41 0 WEST STREET NEW YORK, N.Y. 10014 CLIP AND MAll TO: INTERNATIONAl SOCIALIST REVIEW, 14 CHARlES lANE, ------~-~----­NEW YORK, N.Y. 10014

D ENClOSED IS S1.00 FOR SPECIAl THREE MONTH INTRO~UCTORY OFFER D ENClOSED IS S5.00 FOR ONE YEAR (11 ISSUES)

NAM~------0 I WANT TO JOIN THI: YSA Calendar and Classified ad rates: 7 Sc ADDRESS------0 I WOULD UKE MORE INFORMAnON per line of 56-character-wide type­ CITY.------·------0 ENCLOSED IS .75 FOR "INTROOUcnON TO written copy. Display ad rates: $10.00 STATE ZIP------THE YOUNG SOCIALIST ALLIANCE" per column inch ($7.50 if camera-ready ad is enclosed). Payment must be in­ NAME ______cluded with ads. The Militant is pub­ ADORES------lished each weelc on Friday. Deadlines CITY STATE ____ for ad copy: Friday, one weelc preced­ ZIP PHONE---- ing publication, for Classified and dis­ CLIP AND MAIL TO YSA. BOX 471 COOPER play ads; Wednesdaynoon, two days STAnON, NY. NY 10003 preceding publication, for calendar ads. Abbonatevi a Intercontinental Press That's the way they say it in Italy. Right to the point. Subscribe to Intercontinental Press! If they think you're hesitating, they explain: Intercontinental Press e l'unica pubblicazione periodica che fornisce informazioni e analisi accurate sui movimento operaio e rivolulionario in­ LABOR'S ternazionale. If you're still hesitating, this is the English: Intercontinental Press is the only periodical publication that furnishes information and accurate analyses on the international workers' and revo­ lutionary movement.

Intercontinental Press P------­ 0. Box 116 Village P. 0. Station . STEP New York, N.Y. 10014 Twenty Years of the CIO Name ______by Art Preis "Preis' history of the CIO gives a play-by-play account of the continuing struggle between labor and capital in the United States Street __~------from 1929 through 1955."-Science and Society The history of t~e industrial union that broke with the AFL in the City ______State ______Zip _____ 1930s and launched a militant organizing drive. Preis recounts the rise and decline of the CIO, and explains the reasons behind ) Enclosed is $7.50 for 26 issues. the events. 538 pp., $7.50 ) Enclosed is $15.00 for one year. ) Please send a sample copy. PATHFINDER PRESS, 410 West St., New York, N.Y. 10014

THE MILITANT/OCTOBER 1, 1971 23 THE MILITANT ao,ooo demand Puerto Rican indeoendence By C.M. TAVEREZ When even this failed to stop the and orderly action, . and the tremen­ SAN JUAN, P.R.- The largest and independentistas, the government or­ dous success it achieved showed how most militant demonstration in the his­ ganized brigades of government-party deep and widespread the proindepen­ tory of Puerto Rico's independence youth who, with police backing, cov­ dence movement is. movement took place here Sunday, ered the demonstration leaflets with Among the supporters of the dem­ Sept. 12, to protest the sixty-third. an­ paint and pasted up their own "Gov­ onstration was a contingent of about nual U. S. governors_' conference. The ernors, Welcome to Puerto Rico" signs. 200 Dominicans whose message of demonstration also commemorated the This was done mostly around the solidarity said, in part: "We Domini­ eightieth anniversary of the birth of campuses of the universities and in the cans living in Puerto Rico for many Don Pedro Albizu Campos, leading commercial districts, where the tourists different reasons are with you today Puerto Rican nationalist, who died in and guests of the governors might see in your struggle for Puerto Rican in­ 1965 after spending most of his active them. dependence. Puerto Rico's destiny is life in prison for his activities on be­ Support for the march was so wide­ linked with ours, since we are op­ half of independence. spread that Ferre himself, as a last pressed by the same imperialist mon­ Called and organized by the Movi­ resort, pleaded with the leaders not to ster, the United States of America.... miento Pro Independencia [MPI­ carry slogans or shout "Yanqui Go Puerto Rico and Santo Domingo to­ Movement for Independence] and the Home!" According to the governor, gether will win!" Partido. Independentista Puerto­ such behavior would injure the Puedo Support also came from a group of rriquefto [PIP-Puerto Rican Indepen­ Rican tradition of hospitality. Cuban youth, Juventud Cubana So­ dence party], the march was so well To the surprise of no one, "Yanqui cialista [Cuban Socialist Youth], which organized that even the capitalist press Go Home!" became the main theme of put out a special bulletin for the march recognized its importance. For exam­ the demonstration.· .Other popular slo­ called "Manifiesto al Pueblo de Puerto ple, the Puerto Rican daily El 1m­ gans were "Governors Go Home!" and Rico" [Manifesto to the People of Puer­ parcial calculated that between 50,000 "Jibaro [peasant] Si! Yanqui No!" to Rico]. and 60,000 participated in the march PIP President Ruben Berrios and This group is composed of Cuban and rally. El Mundo, another capital­ MPI General Secretary Juan Marl young people whose parents took ist daily, put the number at 40,000 to Bras represented their respective or­ them to the United States in the early 50,000. ganizations on· the speakers' platform. 1960s. Today, as a result of their In their speeches at the rally, MPI Mari Bras pointed out that Puerto own experiences in the U.S. and Puer­ and PIP leaders estimated that 80,000 Rico was being used once more by to Rico, and from seeing how the to 100,000 participated in the dem­ the U.S. as the "showcase" of Latin Cuban exiles behave-their ·racism, onstration and that many thousands America. their desire to make Puerto Rico the more were unable to attend because He said that the main reason for Cuba of "old times," their ."anticom­ of lack of transportation, although holding the governors' conference in munism" - these youth now identify everything possible bad been done to Puerto Rico was to plan the optimum with the Cuban revolution, the Latin bring people to the march from the use of the island as a political, eco­ American revolution, and with the farthest places on the island. The MPI nomic, and military base of counter­ Puerto Rican people in their struggle and PIP tried to provide free trans­ revolution in Latin America. As evi­ for self-determination. portation for people who could not dence of this, Marl Bras pointed to "We are Cubans," the manifesto be­ afford to pay, but the organ~ations' conference guests such as Galo Plaza, gins, "and we completely reject the resources were very limited compared general secretary of the Organization arrogant attitude of the Cuban exiles to those of the government. of American States ( OAS ); Alberto in Puerto Rico. . . . We are Cubans The Ferre government, for example, Lleras Camargo, ex-president of Co­ who believe that now, as ever, the rented 100 lim~usines in the U.S. at lombia; and Eduardo Frei, Christian­ destiny of Cuba and Puerto Rico is a cost of hundreds of thousands of Democrat ex-president of Chile. Marl closely linked. We identify uncondi­ dollars for the use of the governors Bras went on to discuss the continu­ tionally with your struggle for nation­ and special conference guests. Ship­ ing battle waged by the MPI to have al liberation of the Puerto Rican peo­ ping the limousines from New York the United Nations take up the case ple.... We are not Cuban exiles; we cost the government $20,013.11, ac­ of Puerto Rico, not because the United are in Puerto Rico for reasons beyond cording to a bill of lading of Trans­ Nations is an organization to be trust­ our control. While we are here, we american Trailer Transport, Inc. ed but because it could be used as a ask you not to consider us as exiles For two weeks prior to the demon­ forum to expose U.S. colonialism in from Cuba, and we ask you to de­ stration, the government had conduct­ Puerto Rico. The MPI also tries to fend us against the attacks we expect ed a violent campaign of red-baiting force countries represented at the Unit­ from them." against the MPI and PIP, trying to ed Nations to take a stand in favor of The unity in action of the pro­ frighten the Puerto Rican people away Puerto Rico's independence. independence forces had a tremendous from the demonstration. In addition Marl Bras made very clear what he impact on the Puerto Rican popula­ to utilizing the press, radio, and tele­ meant when he said, "Either they are tion. This reporter talked to about vision in its campaign of intimida­ with us or against us; this way we 200 people after the march, all of tion, one week before the demonstra­ will know who are our friends and whom were optimistic about the strug­ tion the government arrested hundreds who are our enemies." gle for independence. As one said, of independentistas for pasting up leaf­ This MPI-PIP united-front demon­ "This is the best way for the Puerto Sept. 12 march in Puerto Rico lets inviting people to the march. stration was organized as a peaceful Rican people to show its dignity."

By NOR'lUN SANDLER transferred to federal prisons in order _and prison authorities hinted that since SAN FRANCISCO- The trial of the to avoid the persistent beatings that Mancino was ready to testify for the Soledad remaining Soledad Brothers, John have placed their lives in jeopardy in state about the events of Aug. 21, it Cluchette and Fleeta Drumgo, will be the California prison system. The af­ was necessary to take him into "pro­ delayed indefmitely while the Califor­ fidavit reiterated the prisoners' claims tective custody" to ensure his safety Brothers nia Supreme Court reviews a babeus that California prison authorities con­ from other inmates. Now it appears corpus petition ftled by defense attor­ spired to execute George Jackson. Ad­ that Mancino was removed to a Nex,a­ neys Richard Silver and Floyd Silli­ ditionally, Thorne released a deposi­ da state prison in Carson City, wber~-'-, harassed man. The petition asks for a hearing tion taken from white inmate Allan he waits, incognito, for his wounds to before the court on the grounds that Mancino in which Mancino maintains heal. since the murder of George Jackson that while Jackson and he were in the in prison Aug. 21 the defendants have been sub­ "0" wing of the Soledad State prison Relentless efforts by prison author­ ject to cruel and unusual punishment in late January 1970, captain of the ities to place the blame for the Aug. by the prison guards, not being al­ guards Charles Moody "asked me di­ 21 shoot-out on a nefarious conspir­ lowed sufficient time to consult with rectly if I would kill George Jackson. acy were given a boost by Marin their attorneys, and that San Quentin He said he did not want another El­ County Superior Judge Joseph G. Wil­ authorities denied them access to the dridge Cleaver." son. He refused to halt grand jury courts for a pretrial hearing Aug. 23. Mancino "refused to join in this plot" hearings directed at Adjustment Center On Sept. 16, John Thorne, who was and was summarily transferred from inmates Hugo Pinnel, Larry Spain, Jackson's attorney, released a hand­ Soledad. Ironically, Mancino was in and attorney Steven Bingham, whom written affidavit signed by the inmates the adjustment center on Aug. 21 and the authorities accuse of having of the Adjustment Center, who now re­ was allegedly shot during the "fracas." brought Jackson an eight-and-a-half fer to themselves as the "George Jack­ However, Mancino disappeared in the inch gun inside a portable tape re­ son Brigade," demanding that they be week following the Aug. 21 massacre corder just prior to Jackson's murder.

24