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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-68083-7 - The Cambridge Companion to British Romantic Poetry Edited by James Chandler and Maureen N. Mclane Index More information

INDEX

1820, significance for English poetry 12, apostrophe 245 14–20 Arabian Nights Tales 185 archaisms 84 Abrams, M. H. 3, 4, 252 Aristophanes 16 absorption 270 Armstrong, John, Sketches, on poetic abstraction 137 sources 60 Ackroyd, Peter, on the Gothic 39 Arnold, Matthew xx, 256 Addison, Joseph 80, 86 Arrot, Mrs, of Aberbothrick 249 Adorno, Theodor W. art, as knowledge, Adorno’s views aesthetic of dialectical negation 230 114n.4 on art as a commodity 230 Ashbery, John, and John Clare 272–4 on art as knowledge 114n.4 Asiatic Society of Bengal 186 on cultural production as art 223 Asiatick Researches 186 on Keats and Shelley 2 association, psychology of 200 on lyric poetry 218 Athenaeum xv “On Lyric Poetry and Society” 219, 220, Auden, W. H. 225 223 Augustus (Roman emperor) 45 aestheticism, and lyric poetry 223 aura 220 Aiken, John, Essays on Song-Writing,on Austen, Jane xii, xix British sources 60 Emma xviii Albion 44 Mansfield Park xviii “alphabetization” 241 Northanger Abbey xix America Persuasion xix, 117 independence encourages radical groups in Pride and Prejudice xviii Britain 183 Sense and Sensibility xvii legendary settlement by the Welsh authors, concerns to connect with readers 180 77 Anacreon 16 autographs, Blake’s views 104 angelology 171 Avebury 41, 44 annuals, poetry annuals 160, 161, 163 Aztecs 181 anticapitalism, in Romantic literary theory 222–3 Baier, Annette, A Progress of Sentiments,on antique sources, and classical sources, use in moral sense 141 poetry 35 Baillie, Joanna xi, 4, 10, 21 antiquity 37 Metrical Legends of Exalted cultural influence 44, 45 Characters xix influence on Shelley 47 Plays on the Passions xv Peacock’s views 49 Bakhtin, Mikhail, on novels 127, 132

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© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-68083-7 - The Cambridge Companion to British Romantic Poetry Edited by James Chandler and Maureen N. Mclane Index More information

index

ballads 14, 61 Bewell, Alan, on nostalgia 202, 205 British ballads, influence 68 Bible broadside ballads 62 influence on poetry 64, 66 as challenges to standardized English 82 as poetic source 35 French ballade form 66 bisexual libertinism 156 nationals ballads, Fletcher’s views 124 black people, British domination of as as revealing the British character 60 formative influence on revival 42 Romanticism 181 transmission 249 Blackwood’s Magazine xix, 14, 17, 23 Welsh ballads 84 Blair, Hugh See also Lyrical Ballads The British Poets 263 Balzac, Honore´ de, Les Chouans xx A Critical Dissertation on the Poems of Bannerman, Anne Ossian, the Son of Fingal xi “The Dark Ladie” 165 Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Poems xvi Lettres xi, 78, 81, 103, 121, 124 sexual frankness 167 on prose 86 Tales of Superstition and Chivalry xvi, 166 prose 83 Barbauld, Anna Laetitia xx, 4, 10 Blake, William 2, 10, 11, 88–90 The British Novelists 119, 123, 124 “A Cradle Song” 61 Eighteen Hundred and Eleven 13 America: a Prophecy xiv, 183 The Female Speaker xvii on autographs 104 Poems xii biblical and classical influences on 65 on reading 125 birth xi on women’s reading and women The Book of Ahania xv novelists 126 The Book of Los xv bards, iconic figures 38 The Book of Thel xiii, 65, 172 Barham, T. F., Abdallah 15 The Book of Urizen xiv, 172 Barrett, Elizabeth, The Battle of on classicism 64 Marathon 19, 20, 30 “The CLOD & the Pebble,” in Songs of Barton, Bernard 19 Innocence and of Experience, style Bateson, Gregory, on communication 245 and patriotism 89 Baudelaire, Charles Pierre, on readers’ death xx difficulties with lyric poetry 220 A Descriptive Catalogue xvii, 106–8 Baumgarten, Alexander, Reflections on erotic seduction in 223 Poetry 198 Europe: A Prophecy xiv Beattie, James xii, 120, 145 The Four Zoas 30, 70 Beaumarchais, Pierre, The Marriage of and the Greek revival 46 Figaro xiii inclusion in the canon of romantic Beddoes, Thomas 202, 204 poetry 10 Beethoven, Ludwig van xii, xx influenced by the Gothic 44 Behme, Jacob 23 Jerusalem xvi, 44, 107 Bell, John 46, 263 biblical influence on 65 Benbow, William, Kouli Khan 15 as lyric epic 30 Benjamin, Walter on poetic form and meter 66 on lyric poetry 218, 230 poetry as text 70 “On Some Motifs in Baudelaire” 220 “Little Black Boy” 191 Bentham, Jeremy, Principles of Morals and “The Little Boy Found,” ballad forms 61 Legislation xiii lyric 30, 218 Berkeley, George 107 The Marriage of Heaven and Hell xiv, 65, Bernbaum, Ernest, Guide Through the 89 Romantic Movement 10 theme of the Fall 173 Bernstein, Charles 258 metrics 71 views on Wordsworth 270 Milton xvi, 44

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as lyric epic 30 expansion 178 poetry as text 70 resistance to 179, 181 “On Homer’s Poetry” 64 British history “On Virgil” 64 cultural importance 39 Ossianic prose 84 Keats’s views of progress in 143 Poetical Sketches xiii British identity 36 “Proverbs of Hell,” on futurity 257 British imperialism “The Sick Rose,” meter 71 Moore’s criticisms of 190 Songs of Experience 61, 70, 244 Romantic support for in the light of the Songs of Innocence xiii, 61, 70 effects of the Napoleonic wars 183 Songs of Innocence and of Experience xiv, British Literature 1780–1830 (Mellor and 251 Matlak) 10 style 88–90 British nationalism, and the sense of the on thinking, knowing, and execution 105 Gothic 39–43 on thinking in verse 98 Britishness, concept 4 Tiriel 65 Brooke, Charlotte, Reliques of Irish “To the Public,” on print 252 Poetry xiii use of accentual meter 70 Brown, Anna Gordon 249 use of poetry as text 70 Brown, John 29, 200 use of the theme of the Fall 172 Browne, Mary Ann 173, 174 Visions of the Daughters of Albion Browning, Robert xvii xiv, 84 Bryant, Jacob 46 The Visions of the Daughters of Albion, Burke, Edmund xv, 63, 181 theme of the Fall 172 A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Blessington, Marguerite, Countess 159, 163 our Ideas of the Sublime and the Bloodless Revolution (1688) 40 Beautiful xi, 41 Bloom, Harold 3, 4, 239, 258 Reflections on the Revolution in France xiv Bloomfield, Robert (the “Farmer’s Boy”) xv, Burney, Charles 211, 253 16 Burney, Fanny xii, xiii, xv, xviii, 126 Bluestockings 11, 161 Burns, Robert 4 Boccaccio, Giovanni 29 anonymous contributions to James Boswell, James, The Life of Samuel Johnson’s The Scots Musical Johnson xiv Museum xiii Bowles, William Lisle birth xi “Coombe-Ellen,” as conversation death xv poem 69 influences Scott 84 “Fourteen Sonnets” 57 literary success (1820) 19 Fourteen Sonnets, Elegiac and on meter 60 Descriptive xiv and orality 243 Fourteen Sonnets Written Chiefly on Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect xiii, Picturesque Spots during a 83 Journey xiii reformist politics 84 The Invariable Principles of Poetry 23 republicanism 180 The Missionary, endorsement of Christian Scots language 83 paternalism 191 sexual frankness 167 The Tale of Paraguay 191 Songs, as evidence of cultural Bowring, Specimens of the Russian nationalism 4 Poets 15 “Tam o’ Shanter” xiv Boyne, Battle of the (1690) 40 “To a Louse,” meter 60 Brant, Joseph (Thayendanegea) 192 use of accentual meter 70 Bristol 89 Byron, George Gordon, Lord 2 British Empire admiration for Pope 64 civilizing mission 191–2 “Beppo,” ottava rima 66

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Byron, George Gordon, Lord (cont.) on the Lake School and the Romantic birth xiii canon 24 The Blues 161 Lament of Tasso 17 The Bride of Abydos xviii Lara xviii Cain 71 leaves England (1816) xviii Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage xvii, 128 lyric poetry 218, 229 avoids archaisms 85 Manfred xix, 71 as epic 30 “Ode to Napoleon Bonaparte” xviii, 26 epigraph from used by Shelley 17 Orientalism 189, 190 inclusion in Carey’s Beauties of the poetic style affected by orality 244 Modern Poets 21 poetic trademarks those of poetesses 163 and poetry as medium 251 poetry Roman inﬂuence on 49 and shifting sexual identities 158 style 84, 91 as text 71 Collected Poems xviii on print medium 245 combines the classical with the Gothic 37 publishes in The Liberal xx conversation with Shelley on thinking in regarded as a bestselling author 16 verse 99–101 reviews 18 The Corsair xviii, 17, 69 riposte to Southey’s Vision of Judgment 19 critical response to Hemans 25 satires inspired by 17 death xx scandalous reputation as the poet of dedications of his work 17 passion 156 “The Destruction of the Sennacherib” 66 sexual frankness 167 Don Juan 7, 24 sexual views 156 asides 71 The Siege of Corinth xviii on the development of the print “Stanzas,” sources 61 medium 255 “Stanzas for Music” 226, 227, 228, 229 as epic 30 “There be none of Beauty’s inclusion in Carey’s Beauties of the daughters” 228, 229 Modern Poets 21 style 90, 93, 94 literary success (1820) 19 use of ancient sources for poetry ottava rima 66 condemned by Peacock 35 publication xix views on women 159 sexuality in 158 “We repent – we abjure – we will break theme of the Fall 172 from our chain” 229 English Bards and Scotch Reviewers xvii, Bysshe, Edward 55, 64 217, 223, 230 erotic resistance and seduction in his lyric calenture 204 poetry 226 Campbell, George 83, 102 The Giaour xviii, 17, 128, 190 Campbell, Thomas and Greece 45, 48 Gertrude of Wyoming xvii, 128 Hebrew Melodies xviii, 66 inclusion in Carey’s Beauties of the Hours of Idleness xvii, 21 Modern Poets 21 included in the canon of poets by Elizabeth The Pleasures of Hope xvi Barrett 20 popularity 16 included in the Satanic School 11 Specimens of the British Poets xix, 20 inclusion in the canon of Romantic use of ancient sources for poetry poetry 10 condemned by Peacock 35 inclusion in Carey’s Beauties of the Carey, David, Beauties of the Modern Modern Poets 21 Poets 20–21, 22 joined by the Shelleys in Italy (1817) Carlyle, Thomas xv, xx, xxi xix Cato Street Conspiracy 13 on Keats’s “Hyperion” (1820) 47 Celtic language, use in poetry 82

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Celtic, the 42 Coleridge, John Taylor, critical appreciation Chalmers, Alexander, The Works of the of Hemans 25 English Poets 263 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor xx, 2, 188 Chapman, George, influence on Blake 65 Biographia Literaria xix Charles I (King of England), execution 40 account of Lyrical Ballads 150 Chatterton, Thomas deplores the spread of literacy 14 Aella, “Mynstrelle’s Song” 81 on medical views of Hartley and “An Excelente Balade of Charitie” 67 Erasmus Darwin 210 archaisms 85 on poetic form and meter 59 on the development of the print on Wordsworth’s “The Thorn” 209 medium 254 birth xii patriotism 89 character 137 poetic influence 67 “Christabel” poetry as text 70 accentual meter 69 pseudo-archaic English 81 as affected by orality 244 “Rowley” poems xii, 7, 67, 247 as conversation poem 69 “Songe to Ælla” 67 homophilia 156, 167 suicide xi politics of sexual desire challenged by use of accentual meter 70 Bannerman 166 See also Rowley, Thomas publication (1816) xviii Chaucer, Geoffrey 55, 81 theme of the Fall 172 “Chevy Chase” 244 comments about Wordsworth’s “The Christensen, Jerome 229 Thorn” 207, 209 Christian paternalism, endorsement of 191 Conciones ad Populum xv Church and King Riots xiv, 183 condemns British imperialism 182 “Cimmerian” 36 “Constancy to an Ideal Object” 211 circulating libraries, Coleridge denegrates critical of Napoleon 184 their members’ reading habits 240 criticisms of Thomas Moore 225 Clairmont, Claire 229 criticized by Hodgson 23 Clampitt, Amy cultural environment 226 reordering of Keats’s language 266–8 death xxi “Voyages: A Homage to John Keats” 266 “Dejection” xvi, 26, 64 Clare, John 4 on the effect of reading poetry 212 contemporary standing 272–5 “Fears in Solitude” xv, 218 lyric poetry 218 “France” xv, 64 mad songs 58 The Friend xvii Poems Descriptive of Rural Life and “Frost at Midnight” xv, 1 Scenery xix, 19 included in the Lake School 11 The Shepherd’s Calendar 273 inclusion in the canon of romantic The Village Minstrel xix poetry 10 Clark, Tom 265, 266 inclusion in Carey’s Beauties of the classical literature, Keats’s attitudes to 92 Modern Poets 21 classical period, thinking in verse 102–4 influenced by Pindar 64 classical sources influenced by Trotter on nostalgia 204 and antique sources, use in poetry 35 “Kubla Khan” xviii, 173, 188, 244 and Gothic sources, use in poetry 36, 37 last meeting with Wordsworth xxi classics, poetic influence 63–7 Lay Sermons xviii Cobbett, William xvi, 78 mad songs 58 Cockle, Mary, elegies on the death of on Mary Robinson’s “The Haunted George III 15 Beach” 224 Cockney School 11, 12, 18, 22, 23, 93 on meter 98, 111 Coldwell, William, Hebrew Harmonies and “Monody on the Death of Analogies 15 Chatterton” xiv, 68

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Coleridge, Samuel Taylor (cont.) Constable, John xii, xix neoclassicism 64 consumerism, Romantic opposition to 183 “Ode to the Departing Year” 26, 64 contemporary culture “Ode to Sleep” 64 Clare’s standing 272–5 “Ode to Tranquillity” 64 Keats’s standing 265–8 Ossianic prose 84 Romanticism’s standing 264, 276 “The Pains of Sleep,” publication Wordsworth’s standing 268–72 (1816) xviii conversation poems 68 Poems xv Cook, James, Captain xi, xiii, 178, 185, Poems on Various Subjects xv 192 on poetic forms and meter 59 Cope, Wendy, “A Nursery Rhyme as it might poetic style in Lyrical Ballads 84 have been written by William poetry as text 70 Wordsworth” 270 popularity 16 copyright xii publication in poetry annuals 160 Corcoran, Neil 271 on reading 240 Cornwall, Barry 10, 25 Remorse xviii literary success (1820) 19 residence in Somerset xv Marcian Colonna 14, 17, 19 “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” 191 A Sicilian Story, publication (1820) 19 ballad form 61 Cottle, Joseph English style 84 on classical taste in poetry 37 language 254 An Expostulatory Epistle to Lord marginalia 71 Byron 15, 24 nostalgic themes 211, 213 publication of Lyrical Ballads xv and poetry as medium 251 Cowper, Edward xiii reﬂected in Wordsworth’s Cowper, William “Brothers” 205 campaigns for the abolition of slavery 182 removal of archaisms 84 on consumerist London 178 scorbutic nostalgia as possible criticism of British rule in India 181 theme 205 death xvi Sibylline Leaves xix, 17 inclusion in the canon of writers 16 “Sonnets on Eminent Characters” 58 and John Newton, Olney Hymns xii studies of German and Italian poetic The Task xiii, 192, 204 forms 66 verse style 111 use of ancient sources for poetry “Yardley Oak” 60 condemned by Peacock 35 Crabbe, George views reading as “willing suspension of The Borough 19 disbelief” 265 inclusion in Carey’s Beauties of the The Watchman xv Modern Poets 21 See also Lyrical Ballads; Wordsworth, literary success 19 William Tales of the Hall 19 Colley, Linda, on political commitment to Tales in Verse xvii Great Britain 76 The Village xiii Collins, William 63, 185 Crashaw, Richard, “Hymn to St. Teresa,” Colman, George, the Younger 21 accentual meter 70 colonialism, Wordsworth’s support for 183 Crawford, Robert 78, 83 Colosseum 49 Cristall, Ann Batten commonplace books 129 “The Enthusiast. Arla,” angelology 171–3 communication 245, 258 “Song of Arla, Written During her communitarianism, in lyric poetry 217 Enthusiasm” 173 congregational hymn-singing 61 Croker, Margaret Sarah, Monody on His consciousness, in Shelley’s Prometheus Late Royal Highness the Duke of Unbound 258 Kent 15

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Croly, George Fables Ancient and Modern, as narrative The Angel of the World 14, 29 romances 29 Beauties of the English Poets 20 as hallmark of standard English 80 narrative poems 29 Romantics criticize 64 narrative romances 29 dualism, Blake’s views 107 Sebastian 29 Duff, William, poetry and the Gothic 42 Cronin, Richard 161, 162 Dunciad Variorium, The, satirizes use of Cruikshank, George 14 ancient sources for poetry 35 Cullen, William 200, 201 Dyce, Alexander, on poetesses 161 cultural nationalism, and Romantic poetry 4 East India Company, support of Christian cultural production, as art 223 missionaries 185 Cumberland, George 46 Eclectic Review 17, 23 Curran, Stuart 12, 28, 29, 237n.24 Edda, influence on Blake 44 Edelston, John 229 Dacre, Charlotte, “The Mistress to the Spirit Edgar (King Lear) 275 of Her Lover” 165 Edgeworth, Maria xi, 126, 127 Dallas, Robert Charles, “Ode to The Absentee xviii Wellington” 27 Belinda xvi, 79 Dante Alighieri 35 Castle Rackrent xvi Dark Ages 40 Leonora xvi Darwin, Charles xvii, xxi Popular Tales xvi Darwin, Erasmus xvi, 250 Edinburgh Review xvi, 17 Botanic Garden 46, 202 Edmeston, James, Sacred Lyrics 15 medical views Egyptology 186 criticized by Coleridge 210 Ehelston, Charles, Pindaric Ode to the on nostalgia 213 Genius of Britain 15 The Temple of Nature xvi, 202 Eighteen Hundred and Twenty 13 Zoonomia xiv, 201, 203, 250 “electricity,” concept 1 dashes, Lindley Murray’s advice on 94 electronic media, and Romantic poetry 239, David, Jacques-Louis, The Oath of the 244 Horatii xiii Elgin marbles 46 Davies, Edward, Celtic Researches 42 Eliot, T. S. 146, 256 De Quincey, Thomas xiii, xx, 47, 244 Emmet, Robert 227 Death, as sublime in Milton’s Paradise emotions, and musical modalities 57 Lost 41 Empson, William, on Coleridge’s The Rime Defoe, Daniel, Robinson Crusoe 120 of the Ancient Mariner 211 Della Cruscan circle 11, 167, 224 Enfield, William, “Is Verse Essential to desire, in lyric poetry 223 Poetry?,” on versification 123 Despair (satire on Byron) 17 English Dibdin, Thomas 21 Bristol English 81 Dickens, Charles, birth xvii feminized English 93, 94 Dilettanti Club 45 isochronous nature 53 Disraeli, Benjamin xxi pervasiveness in the light of reading 77 “distinct consciousness,” distinguished from poetic experiments 84–6 reason 101 resistance to 79 domesticity, novels’ effects on 126 standardization 95 double negatives, prohibition of 80 Byron’s views 90 dramatists, inclusion in Carey’s Beauties of effects on poets 80 the Modern Poets 21 in the eighteenth century 76–80 druids 44 Keats’s views 92 Dryden, John links with patriotism 88–90 Blake’s views of his versification 106 poetic resistance to 81, 84

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English (cont.) female sexuality, Blake refashions 172 use of prose 86 feminist criticism, on Romantic poetry 4 use of prose as poetry 86 “Il Ferito” (Robert Merry) 224 English Civil War 40 Ferris, Ina, on women’s reading 125 English music, eighteenth and nineteenth Fielding, Henry 119, 120 centuries 2 Finley (poet) 21 English poetry Fitz-Florian (poet) 21 canon Flaxman, John 46 and Keats’s standing in 263 Fletcher, Andrew, on national ballads 124 Romantic poets’ standing 264 forms, in ballads 250 significance of 1820 12, 14–20 Forteguerri, Niccolo,` Ricciardetto 25 use of meter 54 Foscolo, Ugo, Sepulchres 15 English Romantic Poets, The 10 Foster, John, criticisms of Southey’s enjambed lines, reading 56 Orientalism 188 Enlightenment, in relation to Foucault, Michel, History of Sexuality: Romanticism 136 Volume I 157 epics Fox, Charles James 88, 182 epic poetry, and novels 119 Frankly, Mr., Omar and Zara 29 failed epics 30 French, standardization 79 “Grecian” epics 30 French poetry, use of meter 54 See also lyric poetry; poetry French Revolution 2 Epicureanism 23 effects on concepts of sexuality and epigraphs 17 gender 155 epistolary poems 69 Hazlitt’s views on 138 Equiano, Olaudah xiv, 84 importance for the rights of women 160 Eros 170 Frost, Robert 222 erotic resistance and seduction Fry, Paul, on “lyric ostention” 232 language Frye, Northrop 3, 4 in Byron’s poetry 226 The Fudger Fudged; or the Devil and T∗∗∗Y in lyric poetry 223 M∗∗∗E 17 in Mary Robinson’s poetry 223 Fuseli, Henry 46, 47 in Thomas Moore’s poetry 224–6 Evangelicalism 182 Galignani (Parisian publishing house) 22 Everett, Alexander Hill 13 Gay, John, inclusion in the canon of Examiner xvii, 17, 62 writers 16 exclamatio 245 gender exclamation points, Lindley Murray’s advice and Romantic poetry 156 on 94 in Byron and Wordsworth’s works Ezell, Margaret, on inclusion of women 158 writers in the Romantic canon 23 and Romanticism 155, 157–8, 159 Gentleman’s Magazine, on erotic elements in Falconer, William, “A Dissertation on the Tighe’s Psyche 168 Influence of the Passions upon the George III (King of Great Britain and Ireland) Disorders of the Body” 202 xi, xiii, xiv, xvi, xvii, 13, 15, 19 Fall, the, rewriting, in Romantic George IV (King of Great Britain and poetry 172–4 Ireland) xix, xx, 13, 15 Fatherland, fixation on symptomatic of George, Stefan, “Im windes-weben” (“In the nostalgia 199, 201 winds-weaving”) 220 Faust 13 German Romantic theory, on novels 128 faux-Spenserianisms 85 Gibbon, Edward 39, 45 Favret, Mary 197 Gifford, William 25 Fell, John, on the dangers of the Gill, Stephen, on Wordsworth’s standardization of English 79 Excursion 19

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Gilray, Thomas, satirizes use of ancient Hartley, David, on the psychology of sources for poetry 35 association 200 Godwin, Catherine Grace, Sappho 165 Hartman, Geoffrey 3, 239 Godwin, William 141 Hays, Mary xv, 157 Caleb Williams xiv Hazlitt, William Enquiry Concerning Political Justice xiv, birth xii 138 The Characters of Shakespeare’s Plays xix Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von xii, xvii, 15 on Coleridge’s “Christabel” 167 Golding, Arthur, influence on Blake 65 criticisms of Thomas Moore 225 Goldsmith, Oliver xi, xii, 16, 201, 203 death xxi the Gothic 37–43 “First Acquaintance with Poets,” on influence on Blake 44 Wordsworth and Coleridge’s and Romanticism 165 composition methods 59 Gothic sources, and classical sources, use in included in the Cockney School 11 poetry 36, 37 Lectures on the English Poets xix Goths (Germanic tribe) 39 Liber Amoris 167 graffiti, Wordsworth’s use of 270 Life of Napoleon 137 Gravina, Gianvincenzo, “Of poetic “On the Living Poets” 225 reason” 103 on poetry and novels 122 Gray, Thomas on poetry’s dependance on ancient “Elegy Written in a Country sources 35 Churchyard” 38, 269 on progress 137, 141, 142 inclusion in the canon of writers 16 A Reply to the Essay on Population xvii influence on Blake 44 Select British Poets 22 “The Bard” xi, 38, 42, 179 The Spirit of the Age xx, 25, 137–9 “The Fatal Sisters” 42 Table-Talk xx “The Progress of Poesie” 145 on the use of classical and Gothic sources Great Britain in poetry 36 political instability and the importance of “Why the Arts are not Progressive” 138, the standardization of English 76 152, 152n.6 political unity denied by poets’ use of on Wordsworth’s poetic style 126 English 81 Heaney, Seamus Greece, cultural influence 45–8 attitudes towards Wordsworth 270–2 Greek classics, canon 16 Death of a Naturalist 270 Green Bag, The (Hone and Cruikshank) 14 “Feeling into Words” 271 Grillparzer, Franz, Sappho 15 “Glanmore Sonnets” 272 Grimstone, Mary Leman, “Zayda” 29 “Place and Displacement: Recent Poetry from Northern Ireland” 271 “h,” incorrect use of 80 “A Scuttle for Dorothy Hacking, Ian, on nostalgia 199 Wordsworth” 277n.32 Haeckel, Ernst, on individual and collective “Wordsworth’s Skaters” 278n.32 development 137 Hearne, Samuel, Journey from Hudson’s Bay Hagstrum, Jean, on unearthly lovers in to the Northern Ocean 250 Romantic poetry 169 Heber, Reginald 25 Hall, Samuel Carter, Lines Written at Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich xii, xvii, xxi Jerpoint Abbey 15 Heine, Heinrich, “Dichterliebe” (“Poet’s Hamilton, Emma 46 Love”) 228 Hamilton, William, Sir 46 Hellenism 46 Hardy, Barbara, on the lyric nature of Hemans, Felicia xx, 4, 10, 12, 159, 161 Austen’s Persuasion 117 “American Forest Girl,” endorsement of Hardyknute, ballad of 130 Christian paternalism 191 Harrison, Tony, “Remains,” views on “Casabianca” 244 Wordsworth 269 elegies on the death of George III 15

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Hemans, Felicia (cont.) Homer 16, 35, 60, 62, 65 “Evening Prayer at a Girls’ School” 93 homophilia, Coleridge’s “Christabel” 156, feminization of poetry 164 167 “The Grave of a Poetess” 164 homosexuality 156, 157 Poems, England and Spain xvii Hone, William 14, 15 as poetess 161 Honora (friend of Anna Seward) 157 popularity 16 Horace 16, 63 “Prosperzia Rossi” 163 Hudibras the Younger, Sultan Sham, and His “Records of Woman” xx, 94, 164 Seven Wives 15 The Sceptic 24, 30 Hughes, Ted, “On Westminster Bridge,” and Selection of Welsh Melodies 84 Wordsworth 269 Stanzas to the Memory of the Late Hume, David King 19 death xii style 93–4 Dialogues Concerning Natural Tales and Historic Scenes in Verse xix, 128 Religion xii Welsh Airs, as evidence of cultural as hallmark of standard English 80 nationalism 4 on moral sense 140, 141 Heraud, John Abraham 17 on reflection 147 Herbert, William, Hedin 25, 29 Hunt, James Henry Leigh 10, 11, 62, 93, 226 Herrick, Robert, “Oberon’s Feast” 224 on accentualism 70 heterosexuality, Hannah More’s views 157 Amyntas 17, 29 Hewitt, David, on Scott’s work as becomes editor of The Examiner xvii performance 256 birth xiii Hill, Geoffrey, “Elegiac Stanzas: On a Visit epic lyrics 30 to Dove Cottage” 269 The Feast of the Poets xvii, xviii, 22 Hindu culture 187 Foliage 30 historical existence, connections with included in the Cockney School 11 nostalgia 196 on Keats’s “Hyperion” (1820) 47 historicity Lord Byron and Some of His in lyric poetry 218 Contemporaries xx in nostalgia 198 publishes in The Liberal xx history 37 review of Keats’s “Ode to a lyric poetry’s resistance to 230 Nightingale” 17 Keats’s Hyperion 233, 235 The Story of Rimini 28, 30 Shelley’s Prometheus Unbound 234 translation of Tasso’s Amyntas 15, 19 Wordsworth’s Prelude 231–3, 234, 235 “Young Poets” xviii Whig theory 40 Hunt, Lynn, on the effects of the French Hitchener, Elizabeth, Enigmas, Historical Revolution on concepts of sexuality and Geographical 15 and gender 155 Hodgson, Francis, on the Romantic poetic Hunter, J. Paul, on authors’ connection with canon 23 readers 77 Hofer, Johannes, on nostalgia 196, 199, Hurd, Richard, Letters on Chivalry and 203, 206 Romance 120 Hogarth, William 35, 210 hymns 61 Hogg, James 42, 84, 118, 249 hypermediacy 242 Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner xx iambic pentameters 54, 98 The Queen’s Wake xviii immediacy 242, 245, 246 Scottish Pastorals xvi imperialism, Shelley’s views in Hogg, Mrs (mother of James Hogg) 249 “Ozymandias” 190 Hollander, John 232, 242 “impressions of reflection” 141 home, fixation on symptomatic of Inchbald, Elizabeth 126 nostalgia 200, 201, 204 Indicator 17

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informants, role in ballad collections 249 Kaufman, Robert, on lyric formalism 220 internalization, in Romanticism 258 Kean, Edmund, first appearance at Drury Irish antiquarians, influence over concept of Lane xviii Romantic poetry 5 Keats, John xix, 2, 12, 226 Irish meter 73n.26 admiration of Tighe 164 Irish nationalism, Moore’s support for 189 “La Belle Dame Sans Merci” 63, 84 Italian poetry, use of meter 54 birth xv on Chatterton’s English 82 Jackson, J. R. de 14 Chatterton’s influence on 68 Jacobs, Margaret, on the effects of the concept of the “camelion poet” 6 French Revolution on concepts of contemporary standing 265–8 sexuality and gender 155 death xix Jakobson, Roman, on poetic functions 246 dedicatee of Hunt’s Amyntas 17 James I and VI (King of England and distances his poetry from Tighe’s Scotland) 40 Psyche 161 Jameson, Fredric, on nostalgia 195 Endymion Jamieson, Robert, Popular Songs and “Hymn to Pan,” Wordsworth accuses of Ballads 249 paganism 46 Janowitz, Anne 217 meter 68 Jeffrey, Francis, christens the “Lake School as narrative romance 29 of Poetry” xvi publication xix Jerwood Centre (Grasmere) 271 English style 84 Jesus Christ, heteronormative desire for, in erotic seduction in 223 poetry 169, 170 “The Eve of St. Agnes” 16, 84, 172 Jewsbury, Maria Jane 159 The Fall of Hyperion 85, 166, 252 Johnson, James, The Scots Musical “Fancy” 29 Museum xiii Hellenism 46 Johnson, Samuel, Dr. xiii “Hyperion” xix, 11, 47 Dictionary of the English Language 37, as lyric epic 30 78, 79, 204 resistance to history 233, 235 “The Life of Cowley” 55 included in the Cockney School 11 Lives of the Most Eminent English inclusion in the canon of Romantic Poets 123 poetry 10 on the metaphysical 11 influenced by Lempriere’s` Bibliotheca on novels 126 classica 46 “Preface to Shakespeare,” on tests of “Isabella” 30, 69 literary merit 263 “Lamia” 30, 85, 163 on verse 55 Lamia, Isabella, The Eve of St Agnes, and The Works of the English Poets, with other Poems xix, 14, 18, 26–8 Prefaces, Biographical and Critical, by masturbatory reputation 156 Samuel Johnson xii, 263 narrative romances 28, 29 Jones, Thomas 5 on the nature of poets 264 The Bard (painting) 38 “Ode on a Grecian Urn” 28, 47, 68, 244, Jones, William (“Persian” Jones), 267 Orientalism 185, 187, 188 “Ode on Melancholy” 28, 68 Jonson, Ben 61 “Ode to Autumn” 117 Julian the Apostate (last pagan Roman language reordered by Clampitt 267 emperor) 49 “Ode to a Nightingale” 17, 68, 69, 163, Juvenal 15 230 “Ode to Psyche” 92, 143, 146, 148, 267 Kames, Henry Home, Lord, Elements of odes xix, 26, 63 Criticism 210 “On First Looking into Chapman’s Kant, Immanuel xiii, xvi, 23, 63 Homer” 222

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Keats, John (cont.) Lempriere,` John, Bibliotheca classica 46 “On Seeing the Elgin Marbles” 47 Lentricchia, Frank, “Lyrics in the Culture of Otho the Great 28 Capital,” on lyric resistance 221 poetic instantaneity 258 Leonard, Tom, “100 Differences Between poetic style affected by orality 244 Poetry and Prose” 8 poetry reviewed 17 lesbianism, in Coleridge’s “Christabel” 166 on progress in poetry 143 letterpress printing, effects on Romantic relied on Dryden for “Lamia” 64 poetry 240 sonnets 11, 58 Lewis, Matthew xv, 118, 128, 129 standing in the canon of English ley-lines 44 poetry 263 Leyden, John (world traveler) 21 style 85, 92, 93 Liberal, The xx Keepsake for 1833, The 163 liberty, and mobility, effects on nostalgia 203 Kittler, Friedrich 241 light, and perception, Shelley’s The Triumph Knight, Ann Cuthbert, Keep-Sake 21 of Life 257 Knight, Richard Payne, Account of the Linkin, Harriet Kramer, on Tighe’s sexual Remains of the Worship of politics 165 Priapus 46 Lister, Anne, on Sapphism 157 knowledge, cognition 114n.4 literacy, concerns at the spread of 14 Knox, Vicesimus 20, 125 Literary Gazette 19 literary merit, Samuel Johnson’s views 263 Lady’s Magazine, on deleterious effects of literary studies, and Romantic poetry 3 books 125 literature 123 Lake School xvi, 11, 12, 24 Little, Thomas, see Moore, Thomas Lamb, Caroline, Lady, A New Canto 17 Locke, John 107 Lamb, Charles xii, xvii, xxi London 178, 183 Landon, Letitia Elizabeth 161 London Debating Society 25 admiration of Tighe 164 London Magazine xix, 17 The Improvisatrice 163 London Missionary Society 185 as poetess 161 London Musical Society 57 on poetesses 163 Longinus 63 on poetry and passion 156 “Louisiana” 178 “Rome” 19 Lowth, Robert, Short Introduction to spousal verse 174 English Grammar 78 “The Fairy of the Fountains” 162 Lowy,¨ Michael 222 The Troubadour xx Lucifer 171 Landor, Walter Savage 19, 30, 186 Luhmann, Niklas 245, 257 landscape 41, 42 Luther, Martin 13 Langan, Celeste 209 Lyle, Agnes, of Kilbarchan 249 language lyric, the 117, 118, 119 as affected by the web 243 lyric epiphany, in Wordsworth’s Prelude 231 importance for understanding of lyric formalism 220 Keats 266–8 lyric ostentation 232 materiality, Wordsworth’s views 113 lyric poetry 217 in poetry 251 and aestheticism 223 Lanyer, Aemelia 169, 170 as a commodity 229 Laqueur, Thomas, Making Sex 157 erotic resistance and seduction 223 Latin classics, canon 16 in Byron’s poetry 226–30 Latinity 82, 86 in Mary Robinson’s poetry 223 Lawler, C. F. (Peter Pindar, Esq.) 27 in Thomas Moore’s poetry 224–6 laws, intonation in the classical period 103 historicity 218 Leavis, F. R. 3 readers’ resistance to 220 Leigh, Augusta 227 resistance to history 230

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Keats’s Hyperion 233, 235 masculinity, in the Romantic period 159 Shelley’s Prometheus Unbound 234 masturbation 156 Wordsworth’s Prelude 231–3, 234, 235 Matlak, Richard E. 10 social dimensions 219 Maturin, Charles Wordsworth’s views 146 Bertram xviii See also epics; Wordsworth, William, The Fatal Revenge xvii “Ode: Intimations of Immortality” “media” 242 Lyrical Ballads 14 media developments 249, 257, 258 Advertisement to the 1798 edition 243 medial caesuras 54 ballad forms 61, 249 mediality 241 Coleridge’s views in Biographia mediation, in Romantic poetry 246 Literaria 150 medical literature, Wordsworth and mad songs 58 Coleridge’s reading reflected in Lyrical as a medium for poetry 252–4 Ballads 205 nostalgic themes 205 medieval Irish accentual verse 61 poetic style 84 meditations 43 on poetry 248 “medium” 242 as the “science of feelings” 197 poetry as 250–2, 255 publication xv, 12 in Lyrical Ballads 252–4 second edition published (1800) xvi Mellor, Anne K. 10 Wordsworth’s support for colonialism 183 Memoirs of Martinus Scriblerus, satirizes use Wordsworth’s views on meter 98 of ancient sources for poetry 35 See also ballads; Coleridge, Samuel Taylor; men, sexuality 156, 157 Wordsworth, William Merry, Robert (“Il Ferito”) 11, 167, 224 lyrical drama, in Shelley’s Prometheus “metaphysical” 11 Unbound 234 meter 72, 121, 245 lyrical musicality 228 accentual meter 53 Lytton, Bulwer 19, 25, 29 accentual-syllabic meter 53 accentualism 70 McGann, Jerome 31, 165, 169, 224, 243, Burns’s meter 60 270 classical meters, influence 65 Mackenzie, Henry xii, 83, 125 Coleridge’s views 111 McLuhan, Marshall 249, 257 contrasted with those of Macpherson, James xv Wordsworth 59, 208, 209, 212 Ossian 5, 42, 82, 179, 246, 248 eighteenth-century use 54–6 bardic form 62 nature 98 influence on Blake 44 poetic meter 53, 250 poetry presented as prose 7 and prose 62 publication xi quantitative meters 54 Temora xi Scottish meter 61 See also Ossian and ventriloquism 58 “mad” voices, imitation of 58 Wordsworth’s views 56, 58, 108–11 Madoc (Welsh medieval prince), legendary See also verse settlement of America 180 “Middle Ages,” mediation of poetry in the male nudes, in Blake’s illustrations 46 Romantic era 246 Malthus, Thomas, An Essay on the Principle Mill, John Stuart 25, 227, 244 of Population xv, 138 Milman, Henry Hart 15, 23, 25 Man, Paul de 3 Milton, John 57 Manning, Peter, on romances 28 as hallmark of standard English 80 Mant, Elizabeth, Parent’s Poetical Paradise Lost 30, 41, 55, 57 Anthology 20, 22 sonnets 58 Martin, John 38 use of Horatian forms 63 Mary II (Queen of England) 40 Wordsworth praises 63

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“Minute Particulars,” Blake’s views 107 Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus xiii, xiv missionary movement 185 Murray, John 25, 91, 161, 228 Mitford, John, Revd 21 Murray, Lindley 78, 92, 94 mobility, and liberty, effects on nostalgia 203 music modernity, Blair’s views 81 modalities, and the emotions 57 Mohawks 192 poetry’s aspiration to the condition of Monboddo, Lord 120 music 232, 234 Montgomery, James 16 Monthly Magazine 17 Napoleon Bonaparte xvi, xix Monthly Review, The, criticisms of Southey’s abdication xviii Orientalism 188 birth xi Moore, Thomas (Thomas Little) 4, 10 Egyptian campaigns 186 correspondence with Byron over “Stanzas exile (1815) xviii for Music” 226 imperialism 48 dedicatee of Byron’s Corsair 17 use of telegraphy 257 “Did Not” 225 Napoleonic wars epic lyrics 30 effects on the standardization of erotic resistance and seduction in his lyric English 78 poetry 224–6 effects on Wordsworth 184 “The Harp the Monarch Minstrel Swept,” narrative romances 28–31 biblical inﬂuences 66 natural sciences, developments 1 included in the canon of poets by Elizabeth natural world Barrett 20 bounty 275 inclusion in Carey’s Beauties of the Clare’s views 273 Modern Poets 21 nature, alienation from in Wordsworth and Irish Melodies xvii, 4, 66, 227, 244 Heaney 271 Lalla Rookh 128, 189 Nelson, Horatio, Admiral Lord 46 lyric poetry 217, 223, 236n.1 Neoplatonism 46 Odes of Anacreon 27, 224 neoclassicism Poetical Works of Thomas Little poetry 54 224 use of meter 54–6 popularity 16 New Testament, as hallmark of standard use of ancient sources for poetry English 80 condemned by Peacock 35 New Zealand, British colonialism 192 moral imagination, progress in relation to Newlyn, Lucy, on the Fall, in Romantic love 139 poetry 172 More, Hannah Newton, Isaac, Sir 200 The Bas Bleu; or, Conversation xiii Newton, John, and William Cowper, Olney campaigns for the abolition of slavery 182 Hymns xii on gender relations in the light of the Nichol, Widow, of Paisley 249 French Revolution 160 Nineteenth-Century British Minor Poets (ed. on heterosexuality 157 Auden) 225 Repository Tracts xv nineteenth-century poetry, memorialization “Sinful Sally” 160, 171 of Keats and Shelley 265 Slavery, a Poem xiii Nisbet, Robert, on progress and Morganwg, Iolo 180 Romanticism 137 Morike,¨ Eduard, “Auf einer Wanderung” Nobel Prize for Literature 274 (“On a Walking Tour”) 220 Nodier, Charles, Giovanni Sbogarro 29 Morton, Thomas, Henri Quatre 14 Nomic Melody 103 Motherwell, William 249 non-standard English 79 Motion, Andrew, “Sailing to Italy” 266 North American forests, British “motions,” Wordsworth’s use of the colonialism 192 theme 213 Northumberland, balladry 82

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Norton, John (Teyoninhokarawen) 192 Ossian 82 nostalgia Blake and Coleridge imitate 84 medical nature 196, 199–203 as poetic source 35 in relation to historicity 198 See also Macpherson, James and Romanticism 195, 197 Ovid 44, 65 theme in Romantic poetry 204 Owenson, Sydney 118, 128 theme in Wordsworth’s “The Thorn” 205–9 paganism 46 themes in Coleridge’s The Rime of the Paine, Thomas xiv, xv Ancient Mariner 211 painting, vision through 242 themes in Wordsworth’s Prelude Palgrave, Francis, Golden Treasury of the 212–14 Best Songs and Lyrical Poems 222, Novalis xv 229 novelists, as poets, Scott’s views 122 Palmer, Samuel xvi, xxi novels “pantheon” 12 attitudes towards 123–7 Pascoe, Judith 223 Bakhtin’s views 127, 132 patriarchal culture, idealization 180 development in the eighteenth century patriotism 127 in Blake 88–90 and domesticity 126 Wordsworth’s “Michael” 88 as epic poetry 119 Patronage 15 general condemnation of 127 Paul, St. (apostle) 101 Hazlitt’s views 122 Peacock, Thomas Love 10, 45 historical novels, and the Gothic 42 on antiquity 44, 49 history, Romantic period 4 birth xiii Johnson’s views 126 Headlong Hall xviii as literature 122, 123 The Misfortunes of Elphin xx Mackenzie’s views 125 “The Four Ages of Poetry” xix and poetry 7, 118 criticizes use of classical and antique popularity 123 sources in poetry 35 , 36 reviewing of 125, 127, 128 on poetic progress 152n.6 sentimental novels, inclusion of on poetry and print culture 248 verse 129–32 peasants treated as poetry 120 dialect 83 Wordsworth’s dislike of 120 relationship to the land 179 See also poetry; prose Pennie, John, The Harp of Parnassus 20 perception odes 26–8 and communication 258 Odes to the Pillory 15 and light, Shelley’s The Triumph of O’Donnell, Brennan, on Wordsworth’s views Life 257 of meter 110 See also vision Old Testament, as hallmark of standard Percy, Elizabeth, Countess 82 English 80 Percy, Thomas 5 Old Tom of Oxford 15, 29 concerns with ballads 249 Ong, Walter J. 247, 253 printing of song texts 61 Opie, Amelia xvi, 21, 118, 119 Reliques of Ancient English Poetry xi, 42, Oracle and Public Advertiser 224 82 “oral literature” 253 imitation by Wordsworth and oral traditions, in relation to Romantic Coleridge 84 poetry 243 inﬂuence on Blake 44 orality 244, 247, 255 mad songs 58 Orientalism, inﬂuence on Romantic sources 60 poetry 185–90 Perelman, Bob 7, 269, 270

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performance, in Scott’s work 256 as medium 255 Perkins, David 10, 56, 244 nature personal character, strengths and Blair’s views 121 weaknesses 137 in Lyrical Ballads 248 perspectivalism 241 Wordsworth’s views 120, 122 Peterloo Massacre xix, 62, 267 and nostalgia 197 Phaon 170 and novels 118, 120 Philips, Ambrose, on songs 54 odes 15 “philosophic history” 140 publication (1820) 14 piety, in Wordsworth’s Immortality Ode 151 publication affected by commercialization Pindar, ancient Greek odes 63 of print culture 160 Pindar, Peter see Wolcot, John quotation of 118 Pindar, Peter, Esq. (C. F. Lawler) 27 reading voice 94 Pindar, Peter, Jun., The Old Black religious poetry 15 Cock ... 27 as romances and tales 128 Pindar, Philo Peter, The Field of Peterloo 27 satires indicate the significance of the Pinkerton, John 42 originals 17 Pity’s tear 14 Shelley’s views 122, 265 Plato 102, 103, 104 translations 15 Poems for Youth 15 as versification, Enfield’s views 123 poetesses 161–4 Wordsworth’s views 8, 58, 264, 265 poetic forms 53, 72 as reflected in “The Thorn” 207–9 Coleridge’s views 59 See also epics; novels; poetic forms; prose; and other life forms 53 Romantic poetry; verse sonnets 11, 54, 57 poets subject-matter determines 57 Augustan period 1 See also poetry authority of, Shelley’s views 1 poetic imitation, in Wordsworth’s “Ode: camelion poets 6 Intimations of Immortality” 144 contemporary poets as the “second selves” poetic motion 209 of Romantic poets 264 poetry and English standardization 80 ancient sources 35 , 63–7, 124 experiments with English 84–6 aspiration to the condition of music 232, Latinity 82 234 nature 264, 265 attempts to remasculinize Romantic period 2 publication 159, 161 uncertainty about writing in English in Austen’s Persuasion 117 76 Barbauld’s views 125 Victorian period 2 British sources 60–3 poet’s “numbers” 54 canon formation 20 poiesis, double-sidedness 6 didactic works 15 pointlessness, concept in Clare and Ashbery’s as a “disease of volition” 212 poetry 273–4 English style 95 Polidori, John, The Vampyre xix epistolary poems 15 political reform, use of dialect poetry 84 feminization 159–64 political satire 15 Hazlitt’s views 122 Pompeii 45 inclusion in sentimental novels 129–32 Pope, Alexander 23, 38 invented sources 67–70 “An Essay on Criticism,” meter 54 Keats’s views on poetical progress 143 Eloisa to Abelard 64 language 122, 251 Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot 64 as literature 123 as hallmark of standard English 80 medium 250–2 Latinity 82 in Lyrical Ballads 252–4 translation of The Iliad 56, 163

294

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versification seen as “Metaphysical “queer Romanticism” 158 Jargon” by Blake 105, 107 quest romances, internalization 189 “Windsor Forest” 64 question marks, Lindley Murray’s advice Portland Vase 46 on 94 Pound, Ezra 222 prescriptivism 76 “r,” incorrect use of 80 press, development, and the diffusion of Radcliffe, Ann, Mrs xi, xx, 118, 126 justice and equity 137 The Italian xv Price, Leah, on sentimental novels and The Mysteries of Udolpho xv, 128 commonplace books 129 The Romance of the Forest xiv Price, Richard 183 use of the Gothic 37 Priestley, Joseph 183, 200 use of poetry 129 Pringle, James, Sir 203 Ranciere,` Jacques, on Wordsworth’s print, as medium 252 poetry 247 print culture readers, authors’ concerns to connect commercialization affects poetry with 77 publication 160, 163 reading poetry’s persistence in 248 Barbauld’s views 125 print medium, development Coleridge views as “willing suspension of as reflected in Byron’s Don Juan 255 disbelief” 265 as reflected in Chatterton’s forgeries 254 and the pervasiveness of English 77 power, in Romantic poetry 245 reading aloud and reading silently 241 printing presses, devilish nature 13 in relation to Romantic poetry 244 Procter, Bryan, narrative romances 29 status and nature 240 progress women’s reading 125 Keats’s views on poetical progress 143 “reading nation” 15 in relation to Romanticism 136–43 reading voice, in poetry 94 in Wordsworth’s Immortality Ode 144–52 reason, distinguished from “distinct progress poems, in relation to Wordsworth’s consciousness” 101 Immortality Ode 136 recollection, in Wordsworth’s Prelude 212 Proletkult 219, 236n.4 Reeve, Clara 129, 186 Prometheus 1 reflection, Hume’s views 147 prose Reiman, Donald, reports Shelley and Byron’s bias towards as examples of standardized discussion on thinking in verse 99 English 80 religion, Cockney School seen as communication through 101 threatening 23 as development of poetry 124 remediation and the lyric, in Austen’s Persuasion 118 double logic of 241 nature, Wordsworth’s views 121 effect on Romantic poetry 242 syllabic prosody 56, 58 Walter Scott’s use 256 and thinking 102 repetition, as reflection of mental states in use Wordsworth’s “The Thorn” 207 in ballad forms 62 representation, in Romantic poetry 247 in standardized English 86 “retrogradation” 253 See also novels; poetry reviews prosody, Shelley’s views 103, 104 as indication of importance of new prosopopoeia 245 works 17–18 Proteus 6 novels 125, 127 Pugin, Augustus Welby, use of the Gothic 37 revolution, theme within Shelley’s Pye, Henry James, appointed laureate xiv poetry 257 Reynolds, John Hamilton 29 Quarterly Review xvii, 17, 23, 24 The Fancy, publication (1820) 19 Queen Caroline Affair 15, 27 parodies Wordsworth’s Peter Bell 17

295

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Reynolds, Joshua, Sir xi, 138 and orality 244, 247 Reynolds-Hood commonplace book 17 publishing 240 Ricardo, David, An Essay On the Low Price in relation to reading 244 of Corn and the Profits of Stock xviii relationship with sexuality and gender Rich, Adrienne, invocation of Shelley 8 156 Richards, I. A., practical criticism and in Byron and Wordsworth’s works 158 Romantic poetry 3 and remediation 242 Richardson, Samuel 120, 122 sexual frankness 167 Richardson, Sarah, Abridged History of the theme of nostalgia 204 Bible, in Verse 15 understandings of 243 Ritson, Joseph 42, 249 unearthly lovers as sexual ideals 168–72 Robert, Marthe, on novels 128 as “unmediated vision” 240 Robinson, Henry Crabbe, Wordsworth urges See also poetry critical attacks on Byron 24 Romantic poets, standing in the canon of Robinson, Jeffrey, on Hazlitt’s Select British English poetry 264 Poets 22 Romanticism 11, 264 Robinson, Mary 4, 118, 167 canon 18 erotic resistance and seduction in her lyric and the expansion of the British poetry 223 Empire 178, 181 inheritance of poetic traditions 171 and Gothic traditions 165 Lyrical Tales xvi, 128 internalization in 258 “Oberon to the Queen of the Fairies” 224 and nostalgia 195, 197 as poetess 161 poetic meter and form 72 Sappho and Phaon xv, 157, 163, 165, 224 in relation to progress 136–43 sexual frankness 167 relationship with sexuality and Robinson, Michael Ramsey, “Ode on the gender 155, 157–8, 159 King’s Birthday” 27 standing in contemporary culture 264, Robson, W. W., on Byron’s lyric poetry 228 276 Roby, John, Lorenzo 29 Romanticism Against the Tide of Modernity Roebuck, John, defence of Byron against (Lowy¨ and Sayre) 222 Wordsworth’s works 25 Rome 39, 40, 45, 48 Rogers, Samuel xiv, 10, 16, 17, 21 Roscoe, Robert, Chevy Chase 14 romances Roscoe, William 15, 25 metrical romances 69 Rossetti, Christina xx prose romances, inclusion of verse 129 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques xi, xii, xiii, 138 and tales 128 Rowe, Elizabeth Singer 169, 170 Romantic, concept 3 Rowley, Thomas 81, 89, 254 Romantic canon, critical distinctions See also Chatterton, Thomas between Byron and Rowton, Frederic, on poetesses 161 Wordsworth 24–6 Rubens, Sir Peter Paul, Blake’s views of 105 Romantic literary theory, ruins, sense of history associated with 43 anticapitalism 222–3 rural periphery, idealization in the light of Romantic poetry 2, 6 the imperial growth of London 179 anti-imperialism 182–3 Ruskin, John, birth xix Bernstein’s views 270 Rzepka, Charles J. 264, 268 canon 10 and cultural nationalism 4 Saint Cecilia odes 57 illuminated by electronic media 239, 244 St. Clair, William influenced by Orientalism 185–90 on the canon of poets as examples of and literary studies 3 standardized English 80 and media developments 257 identification of the canon of Romantic mediation 246 poets 21, 23 oral transmission 243 on the “reading nation” 15

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on romances 28 meter influenced by Coleridge’s on Shelley’s Prometheus Unbound 256 “Christabel” 70 Sapphism 157 and poetry as medium 251 Sappho 63 The Legend of Montrose xix as poetess 162, 163 literary success (1820) 19 representative of female desire 165 The Lord of the Isles xviii Satanic School 11 Marmion xvii, 128 Say, Samuel, Poems on Several Occasions Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border xvi, 7, 57 84, 249 Sayre, Robert 222 on the classical and the Gothic in scansion 108 poetry 37 Schiller, Friedrich xiii, xv, 141, 146 as evidence of cultural nationalism 4 Schlegel, August Wilhelm von xv, 36, 59 The Monastery xix Schlegel, Friedrich xv, 128 on novelists as poets 122 Schleiermacher, Friedrich Ernst Daniel xv on novels 127 Schumann, Robert 228 novels influenced by poetry 7 scorbutic nostalgia 204 Old Mortality xviii Scotland “Outlaw” 229 nationalist resistance to English rule poetry as medium 252 idealized 179 popularity 16 resistance to standardized English 82 Redgauntlet xx Scots, concerns with the standardization of remediation 256 English 78 Rob Roy xix Scott, Elizabeth, Specimens of British Rokeby xviii Poetry 22 romances and tales 128 Scott, John 18 style 85 Scott, Sir Walter 4, 10, 42, 118, 180 use of ancient sources for poetry The Abbott xix condemned by Peacock 35 acknowledges authorship of the Waverley The Vision of Don Roderick xvii novels xx Waverley xviii The Antiquary xviii Scottish Highlands 248 Ballantyne’s Novelists Library 123 scurvy 204 birth xii sentiment 137 The Black Dwarf xviii sentimental, the, and progress 141 The Bride of Lammermoor xix Seward, Anna 119, 157 character 137 sexual desire, politics reversed in women’s concerns with ballads 249 poetry 165 death xxi sexual frankness 167 epic lyrics 30 sexual knowledge, women’s empowerment The Field of Waterloo xviii by 164 Guy Mannering xviii sexual libertinism, in Byron’s Don Juan 158 The Heart of Mid-Lothian xix sexuality included in the canon of poets by Elizabeth relationship with Romantic poetry 156 Barrett 20 in Byron and Wordsworth’s works 158 inclusion in Carey’s Beauties of the relationship with Romanticism 155, Modern Poets 21 157–8, 159 Ivanhoe xix Shakespeare, William Kenilworth xx As You Like It, reflected in Wordsworth’s The Lady of the Lake xvii “Ode: Intimations of The Lay of the Last Minstrel xvi, 128 Immortality” 145 English style 84 childhood 145 as evidence of cultural nationalism 4 as hallmark of standard English 80 on meter 56 Romeo and Juliet 224

297

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Shelley, Mary 159 The Mask of Anarchy 62 edits Percy Shelley’s Posthumous revolutionary theme 257 Poems xx memorialization in nineteenth-century Frankenstein xix, 1 poetry 265 The Last Man xx “Mont Blanc” 258 on moral imagination 139 resistance to history 230 Valperga xx neoclassicism 64 Shelley, Percy Bysshe 2, 11, 12, 226 “Ode to Heaven” 26 Adonais 15 “Ode to Liberty” 17, 26, 257 on media developments 258 “Ode to the West Wind” xix, 8, 26, 66, publication xx 244 style 85 Oedipus Tyrannus 15 Alastor xviii, 48 On the Necessity of Atheism xvii Orientalism 189 “Ozymandias” xix, 47, 190 An Address, to the Irish People xviii parodies of Wordsworth’s Peter Bell 17 birth xiv Peter Bell the Third, on moral canon of Romantic poetry 10 imagination 140 The Cenci xix, 17, 71 A Philosophical View of Reform 8, 142 Cockney School 11 poems’ orality 245 conversation with Byron on thinking in on poetry and nostalgia 197 verse 99–101 poetry reviewed 17 Cyclops, as response to the French poetry as text 70 Revolution 48 popularity 16 death xx Posthumous Poems xx A Defence of Poetry 6, 122, 248 on progress 139 on the authority of poets 1 Prometheus Unbound 71, 167, 256 on language 251 apostasy 46 on progress 139 consciousness in 258 publication xx odes 26 quoted by Rich 8 on progress 139 as response to Peacock’s Four Ages of publication xix, 15, 17, 18 Poetry 152n.6 resistance to history 234 on use of classical and Gothic sources in as response to the French Revolution 48 poetry 36 revolutionary theme 257 on verse and thinking 104 on prosody 103, 104 views poetry as making the familiar publishes in The Liberal xx strange 265 Queen Mab xviii, 256 “England in 1819” 13, 58 A Refutation of Deism xviii epic lyrics 30 The Revolt of Islam xix Epipsychidion xx, 173 Satanic School 11 erotic seduction in 223 sexual frankness 167 on the Greeks 45 on thinking in verse 98 Hellenism 46 translation of Plato’s Ion 102, 103 “Hymn to Intellectual Beauty” 63 The Triumph of Life 66, 257 inﬂuence of 8 views of poetry 6 inﬂuenced by antiquity 47 Zastrozzi xvii joins Byron in Italy (1817) xix Sheridan, Richard Brinsley xii, xviii, 21 Laon and Cyntha 167 Sheridan, Thomas 56, 76, 78 as the least grounded of poets 256 Siskin, Clifford, on literature 123 “Lines to an Indian Air” 229 sister lovers 167 links progress with sentiment 141 slavery, abolition xii, xiii, xvii, 84, 182, literary success (1820) 19 184 lyric poetry 217, 218 Smart, Christopher xi, 64

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Smith, Adam 248 Orientalism 187–8, 189 An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of Poems xv the Wealth of Nations xii references to the Satanic School 11 Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres, Roderick xviii on prose 124 Thalaba xvi, 128, 187, 188, 189, 190 prose 83 criticized by Hodgson 23 Theory of Moral Sentiments xi, 140 prose notes 128 Smith, Charlotte Turner xvi, 4, 118, 127 as romance 28 Desmond xiv “To the Genius of Africa” 182 Elegiac Sonnets xiii, 57, 131 use of ancient sources for poetry Emmeline xiii condemned by Peacock 35 Marchmont xv Vision of Judgment 19 The Old Manor House, inclusion of Wat Tyler xix, 19 verse 129–31 Spanish Empire 178 poetry as text 71 Spanish poetry, use of meter 54 and sonnets 11 Spectator, The, as hallmark of standard use of poetry 129 English 80 verse style 111 Spenser, Edmund 61, 70, 85, 247 Smith, Ian Crichton 266 Spenserian stanzas 85 Smollett, Tobias 120, 122, 203 spirituality, eroticized spirituality 169 “social responsiveness,” lyric poetry 218 Stael,¨ Germaine de 159 Society for Effecting the Abolition of the stanzas Slave Trade xiii Spenserian stanzas 91 Socrates 102, 103 Johnson objects to 55 sodomy, see homosexuality use by Chatterton 67 somnambulism 205 Wordsworth’s use 59 Song of Songs 169 Starr, Gabrielle, comparison of Wordsworth’s songs, likened to epigrams 54 style with that of novels 126 sonneteers 54 Sterne, Lawrence xi sonnets 11, 54, 57 Stevenson, Anne, “John Keats, South Paciﬁc islands, British colonialism 192 1821–1950” 265 Southey, Caroline Bowles, Fitzarthur 29 Stewart, Dugald 248 Southey, Robert 17, 167, 217, 236n.1 Stewart, Susan, on nostalgia 195 An Illustration of the Dangerous Stoddart, John 244 Consequences Arising from Youth Stone, Lawrence, The Family, Sex and Listening ... 27 Marriage in England, 1500–1800 157 “An Ode to Britain” 27 Stonehenge 41, 43, 44 appointed Laureate xviii Strawberry Hill 40 birth xii Stukeley, William 41, 44 on Coleridge’s The Rime of the Ancient subjective expression 230 Mariner 211 sublimity, Burke’s deﬁnition 41 critical of Napoleon 184 substitutions 55 The Curse of Kehama xvii, 187, 189 Swift, Jonathan 79, 80 epic lyrics 30 favorable reviews of missionary Tahiti, British colonialism 192 reports 185 Taleb Khan, Mirza Abu 192 included in the Lake School 11 tales, and romances 128 inclusion in Carey’s Beauties of the Tasso, Torquato, Amyntas 15, 19 Modern Poets 21 tautology, Wordsworth’s views 207, 209 Joan of Arc xv Taylor, Thomas, Neoplatonism 46 The Lay of the Laureate xviii telegraphy, Napoleon’s use 257 Madoc xvi, 35 , 181 Tennyson, Alfred, Lord xvii “Ode for St. George’s Day” 26 “Mariana” 162

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Tennyson, Alfred, Lord (cont.) English verse, influence over Romantic Poems, Chiefly Lyrical xxi poetry 5 poems in the poetess tradition 162 Johnson’s views 55 “The Lady of Shalott” 162 juvenile verse 15 “The Palace of Art” 162 narrative verse 14 Teyoninhokarawen (John Norton) 192 and thinking 98 Thackwell, Paul, Collection of Miscellaneous Blake’s views 106–8 and Religious Poems 15, 27 classical period 102–4 Thayendanegea (Joseph Brant) 192 Shelley and Byron’s conversation Thelwall, John xi, xv, xxi, 110 on 99–101 thinking verse dramas 15 connection with knowing and execution, Wordsworth’s views 111–13 Blake’s views 105 See also meter; poetry in prose 102 verse romances 119, 185 in verse 98 verses, elegiac 15 Blake’s views 106–8 versification, George Campbell’s views 103 classical period 102–4 Vesuvius 45 Shelley and Byron’s conversation Victoria (Queen of Great Britain) xix on 99–101 Victorian, concept 3 “thou,” grammatical use 90 Victorian era, nostalgia 195 “thought” 147 Viking myth, and British national identity 42 Tighe, Mary 164, 167, 171 Virgil 16 Psyche xvii, 161, 164, 168 vision Titian, Blake’s views of 105 as mediated through painting 242 Tom O’Bedlam 275 and orality 244 Tonga, British colonialism 192 in Romantic poetry 239 tourism 179 See also peasants transportation, Shelley’s concerns with 256 Volney, Constantin 186, 187 travel, effects on nostalgia 202 travel narratives, Wordsworth and Walcott, Derek 274 Coleridge’s reading reflected in Lyrical views about John Clare 272, 274–5 Ballads 205 Wales, nationalist resistance to English rule Trianon Press 240 idealized 179, 180 Triton 6 Walker, John 77, 78 Trotsky, Leon, Literature and Revolution,on Walker, Sarah 167 poetry 219 Walpole, Horace Trotter, Thomas 203, 204 The Castle of Otranto xi, 40 Trumbach, Randolph, Sex and the Gender on Spenserian stanzas in Chatterton’s Revolution 159 works 67 Turner, J. M. W. xii, xvi war, theme in Wordsworth’s “The Turner, Sharon, History of the Thorn” 208 Anglo-Saxons 42 Ward, Thomas Humphry, English Poets 10 “Two Franks,” Comic Tales in Verse 15 warfare, effects on of nostalgia as a medical term 196 Unitarians 182 Warton, Thomas 5 Upcott, William 104 on antique and Romantic poetic taste 36 Urdang, Constance, “Keats” 265 appointed Laureate xiii “Essay on Romantic Poetry” 36 Vendler, Helen 3 History of English Poetry 36 ventriloquism, and meter 58 Observations on the “Fairy Queen” of verse Spenser 36 blank verse 56, 111 “Written at Stonehenge” 43 Wordsworth’s views 59 Watts, Isaac 56, 57, 61, 170

300

index

Webb, Cornelius, Sonnets, Amatory, women writers Incidental, & Descriptive, publication inclusion in Carey’s Beauties of the (1820) 19 Modern Poets 21 Wedgwood, Josiah 46 in the Romantic period 4 Welbery, David E. 241 Wood, Robert, An Essay on the Original West, Jane, on gender relations in the light of Genius and Writings of Homer xii the French Revolution 160 Woods, George Benjamin, English Poetry Westall, Richard (painter and poet) 21 and Prose of the Romantic Period 10 Wheatley, Phillis 84, 192 Wooler, Thomas J., The Kettle Abusing the Whig theory of history 40 Pot 15 White, Henry Kirke 17 Wordsworth, Dorothy xii, 272, 277n.32 Whitman, Walt, birth xix Wordsworth, Johnny 244 Wiffen, Jeremiah Holmes, Julia Alpinula 17 Wordsworth, William xx, 2, 12, 188 Wight, William, Cottage Poems 15 accuses Keats’s Endymion of paganism 46 Wilberforce, William 185 admiration for Pope 64 Wilkinson, Sarah Scudgell, Ivy Castle 30 allusions to pervasive in Keats’s “Ode to William III (King of England) 40 Psyche” 144 William IV (King of Great Britain and “Anecdote for Fathers,” ballad form 62 Ireland) xx “At the Grave of Burns,” meter 60 William Blake Archive 240 “The Banished Negroes” 184 William Jerdan 19 birth xii William of Poitiers 61 “The Borderers” 71 Williams, Helen Maria 21, 160 “The Brothers,” on nostalgia 204 Williams, Raymond 214 Chatterton’s inﬂuence on 67 Willoughby, R., The Plaintive Muse 15 “Complaint of a Forsaken Indian Wilson, John, Isle of Palms 17 Woman” 191, 250 Winckelmann, Johann Joachim, History of “Composed upon Westminster Bridge, Ancient Art 45 September 3, 1802” 269 Wing, John, Waterloo 15 contemporary standing 268–72 Wolcot, John (pseudonym Peter Pindar) 21, The Convention of Cintra xvii 27 criticisms of Byron 24 Expostulary Odes ... 27 criticized by Hodgson 23 Farewell Odes 27 cultural environment 226 Lyric Odes to the Royal Academicians for description of his experimental poetry 126 1782 27 Descriptive Sketches xiv Ode upon Ode 27 Ecclesiastical Sketches 19 Odes to Mr. Paine 27 “Essay, Supplementary to the Preface” Wollstonecraft, Mary xi, xv, 156, 157 on poets 123 Maria, or the Wrongs of Woman xv regards poetry as passion 156 A Vindication of the Rights of Men xiv An Evening Walk xiv A Vindication of the Rights of Woman xiv The Excursion xviii, 18, 30 women support for colonialism 183 feminized English 93, 94 “Expostulation and Reply,” ballad literary aggression towards 160 form 61 and reading 125 “The Female Vagrant” 59, 205 rights 160 in France (1792) xiv sexuality 157, 158 “Goody Blake and Harry Gill” 62, 250 status 159 Hazlitt’s critical defence 25 women novelists 126 “Home at Grasmere” 111, 272 women poets 14 “The Idiot Boy” 58 inclusion in the Romantic canon 22 included in the Lake School 11 publication 161 inclusion in Carey’s Beauties of the unearthly lovers as sexual ideals 168 Modern Poets 21

301

index

Wordsworth, William (cont.) on orality 245 inclusion in the canon of romantic on proliferation of women’s poetry poetry 10 161 influenced by Trotter on nostalgia 204 use of prose 86 “Last of the Flock” 208 The Prelude xv, 43 last meeting with Coleridge xxi completed (1805) xvi “Lines Written in Early Spring” 226 as epic 30 literary success 18 on language 252 on London as an imperial storehouse nostalgic themes 212–14 179 poetry as science 198 lyric epics 30 reflected in “Ode: Intimations of on lyric poetry 146 Immortality” 144 “The Mad Mother” 58 resistance to history 231–3, 234, 235 mad songs 58 on verse 112 on the “media revolution” 241 presence in English poetry 264 meditations on Stonehenge 43 Prospectus to The Recluse, model of on meter 56, 59, 98, 108–11 poetry 156 “Michael” 86–8, 264, 276 publication, in poetry annuals 160 on narrative poems 28 “Recluse” project 30 on narrative romances 33n.32 republicanism 180 “Nutting,” sexual desire in 166 residence in Somerset xv “Ode” (1816) 63 “Resolution and Independence” 67 “Ode: Intimations of Immortality” xvi, 7, The River Duddon 17, 18 26, 63, 136, 137, 144–52 Shelley accuses of lack of moral “Ode on the Installation of His Royal imagination 140 Highness Prince Albert as Chancellor “Simon Lee,” ballad form 62 of the University of Cambridge, July “Solitary Reaper” 244, 246 1847” 57 “Song at the Feast of Brougham Castle,” “Ode to Duty” 26, 63 and poetry as medium 251 “Ode to Lycoris” 63 sonnets 11, 58 “Old Man Travelling” 205 “Sonnets Dedicated to Liberty” 58 “On the Power of Sound” 57 spousal verse 166 Perelman’s views of 7 style 93 Peter Bell 17 “The Tables Turned,” ballad form 61 mad song elements 58 “Thanksgiving Ode” xviii, 26 publication (1819) xix, 14, 18 “The Thorn” as romance 29 Coleridge’s views 209 Poems (1807) xvii nostalgia as theme 205–9 Poems Composed or Suggested During a on thinking in verse 98 Tour in 1833 63 “Through Cumbrian wilds” 110 on poetic meter and prose 62 “Tintern Abbey” 43, 213 poetic style, in Lyrical Ballads 84 ballad form 61 on poetry 243 ballad technique 69 and meter 58 form 250 nature 264, 265 poetic progress 147, 148, 150 and nostalgia 197 resistance to history 230 seen as the definitive representation of on vision 240 the Romantic era 247 “To Joanna” 270 as text 70 “To Toussaint L’Ouverture” 184, “Preface” to Lyrical Ballads 8 218 on meter 109 use of ancient sources for poetry on the nature of poetry 120 condemned by Peacock 35

302

index

use of Horatian forms 63 “Written in a Blank Leaf of Macpherson’s use of poetic forms 57 Ossian” 63 use of prose as poetry 86–8 See also Lyrical Ballads “Vaudracour and Julia” 17 worldwide web, effects on language 243 on verse 111–13 “writerly nation” 16 views on women 159 writers, canon 22 The Waggoner xix, 21 “We Are Seven” 208 Yearsley, Ann, A Poem on the Inhumanity of The White Doe of Rylstone the Slave-Trade xiii avoids archaisms 85 Yeats, W. B. 274 inclusion in Carey’s Beauties of the “you,” grammatical use 90 Modern Poets 21 meter inﬂuenced by Coleridge’s Z (anonymous critic in Blackwood’s “Christabel” 70 Edinburgh Review) 14 publication xviii Zimmerman, Sarah, on the “social as romance 29 responsiveness” of lyric poems 217 “The World is Too Much With Us” 5 Zwinger, Theodore (Zwingerus) 201, 203

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