NSPE Position Statements and Professional Policies for HoD Action

Table of Contents Group 1. Professional Policies Recommended for Renewal as Currently Written ...... 3 PP-2 – Recognition of the Engineering Function Within Government ...... 3 PP-22 – Engineering Codes and Standards ...... 4 PP-30 – Legislation—General Principles ...... 5 PP-38 – Research—National Science Foundation ...... 5 PP-45 - Prime Professional ...... 6 PP-50 – Inter-professional Relations ...... 7 PP-58 – Employment Practices—Use of Engineering Titles ...... 8 PP-61 – Seal, Professional Engineer and Land Surveyor—Use of ...... 9 PP-65 – Elementary and Secondary Education ...... 10 PP-66 - The Engineering Team...... 11 PP-75 – Professional Liability Insurance ...... 12 PP-96 – Liability of Employed Engineers ...... 13 PP-122 – Continuing Professional Competency ...... 14 PP-130 - Design of Products, Structures, Machines, Processes and Systems ...... 15 PP-131 - Procurement of Engineering Services (QBS) ...... 15 PP-152 - Licensure and Qualifications for Practice ...... 16 PP-166 - Professional Engineers/Certified Engineering Technicians & Technology Relations ...... 17 PP-170 - Legislation to Address Professional Liability and Risk Management for Engineers 18 PP-171 - Design and Construction Contract Provisions ...... 19 PP-172 - Ethics ...... 20 PP-173 - Industrial Exemption...... 21

Group 2. Professional Policies Recommended for Renewal with Amendments as Shown..22 PP-149 - Building Inspection Policy...... 22 PP-167 – Accident Reconstruction ...... 23

Page 1 of 32 Group 3. Professional Policy and Position Statements Recommended for Member Outreach and Input Prior to Final Action...... 25

PP-168 - Engineering Education Requirements ...... 25 PS 1737 - Licensure and Qualifications for Practice ...... 26 PS 1739 - Engineering Education ...... 28

Page 2 of 32 Group 1. Professional Policies Recommended for Renewal as Currently Written At the recommendation of the LQPC, the NSPE Board of Directors proposes that the following Professional Policies be renewed without revision. In order to spread out the future workload in subsequent reviews, the NSPE Board proposes that this group of twenty-one (21) PPs be given staggered sunset dates, falling five, six and seven years from the date of House of Delegates approval.

PP-2 – Recognition of the Engineering Function Within Government Following careful review, LQPC has determined that this PP is relevant and up to date. LQPC does not recommend that this PP be submitted to the NSPE membership for input as outlined in NSPE OP 2.14. How does this policy or position support Professional Engineers or Professional Engineering? This PP is intended to address the continuing erosion in the number of professional engineers appointed to top posts at the local, state and federal levels as well as a devaluation of professional engineering by many public agencies. How has this policy or position been utilized or applied in the past? NSPE and its state societies have used this PP in response to the appointment of non-PEs and non-engineers to what has long been considered engineering posts at the local, state and federal levels (e.g., DPW Directors, DOT Directors, etc.) What current purpose does this policy or position serve and why is it still necessary and relevant? (For example, is it required by an MOU? Does it protect the association in some specified manner? Does it provide direction on association action vis-à-vis a current and relevant issue?) The continuing erosion in the number of professional engineers appointed to top posts at the local, state and federal levels as well as a devaluation of professional engineering by many public agencies are ongoing issues requiring NSPE’s continued opposition and vigilance. How does this policy advance and support NSPE’s statement of strategic direction and strategic plan? This PP is closely tied to NSPE’s Mission (value of licensure), Values (public health and safety, innovation, teamwork, commitment), Goals (licensure advocacy, leadership, image) and Advocacy (empowerment, influence, impact).

PP No. 2—Recognition of the Engineering Function Within Government ADOPTED: Unknown LATEST REVISION: XXXX 2015 SUNSET DATE: XXXX 2020 NSPE CONTACT: Board of Directors It is the policy of the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) to support public recognition of the importance of the practice of engineering by licensed professional engineers in federal, state, and local agencies through the establishment of appropriate organizational structures at all levels of government. NSPE recommends that government officials having the authority for hiring or appointment, recognize the importance of the engineering function within the government departments and agencies through the selection of fully qualified licensed professional engineers to positions having responsibility for making engineering decisions and exercising engineering judgment. The practice of appointing non-engineer administrators to positions to perform functions which, by definition, constitute the practice of engineering, has accelerated at an alarming pace throughout all levels of government. This practice (a) is inconsistent with the goal of state engineering licensing laws to protect the public health and safety, (b) should be discontinued, and (c) appropriately credentialed professional engineers should be appointed to these

Page 3 of 32 positions. As an alternative, those duties that constitute the practice of engineering should be reassigned to a position which requires a professional engineering license. While NSPE supports licensed professional engineers in government and recognizes that these professionals must be encouraged to perform functions that continually hone their professional and technical capabilities, it is the further position of NSPE that governmental entities perform their core functions without competing directly with licensed professionals in the private sector. It is recommended that governmental entities and the professionals and other staff of these entities be precluded from submitting or otherwise competing, directly or indirectly, for projects that are performable by the private sector, except as necessary to maintain their competency for their core governmental functions.

PP-22 – Engineering Codes and Standards Following careful review, LQPC has determined that this PP is relevant and up to date. LQPC does not recommend that this PP be submitted to the NSPE membership for input as outlined in NSPE OP 2.14. How does this policy or position support Professional Engineers or Professional Engineering? This PP is intended to address the fact that many engineering codes standards reference the role of the professional engineer in design, construction, manufacturing and regulatory processes. These include ANSI, ASTM as well as state and local building codes and standards. How has this policy or position been utilized or applied in the past? This PP has been used by NSPE and its state societies encourage NSPE member participation in the code setting process and also to address efforts by groups to limit the scope of engineering practice in the design of buildings, structures, water systems and other facilities. What current purpose does this policy or position serve and why is it still necessary and relevant? (For example, is it required by an MOU? Does it protect the association in some specified manner? Does it provide direction on association action vis-à-vis a current and relevant issue?) Scope of practice issues between professional engineers and other professions and occupations are an ongoing area of concern at both the national and state level. This PP advocates NSPE member vigilance in supporting the broad role of the professional engineer in professional practice. How does this policy advance and support NSPE’s statement of strategic direction and strategic plan? This PP is closely tied to NSPE’s Vision (advocacy), Mission (authoritative expert, professional practice, promote and enhance value of licensure), Values (public health and safety), Goals (outreach) and Advocacy (support systems, collaboration, influence, impact).

PP No. 22—Engineering Codes and Standards ADOPTED: Prior to July 1993 LATEST REVISON: XXXX 2015 SUNSET DATE: XXXX 2021 NSPE CONTACT: LQPC It is the policy of the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) to urge its members to serve on committees appointed to develop new and recognized codes and standards and/or to develop revisions to existing codes and standards involving engineering principles to protect the public health, safety and welfare. It is the further policy of NSPE that members serving on such committees encourage the adoption of language in international, national, regional, state and local building codes stating that “the plans and specifications shall be prepared by a licensed professional engineer and/or registered architect and shall bear the appropriate seals, signatures and dates required by law.”

Page 4 of 32 PP-30 – Legislation—General Principles Following careful review, LQPC has determined that this PP is relevant and up to date. LQPC does not recommend that this PP be submitted to the NSPE membership for input as outlined in NSPE OP 2.14. How does this policy or position support Professional Engineers or Professional Engineering? This PP sets forth the philosophical basis and benchmark standard for NSPE’s government relations and regulatory advocacy on behalf of professional engineer and professional engineering. How has this policy or position been utilized or applied in the past? This PP has been used to respond to NSPE members, potential NSPE members and others regarding the basis and justification for NSPE’s government relations and regulatory policies and positions. At times, NSPE members, potential NSPE members and others question why NSPE has taken or has not taken a position on a public policy question. This PP has been very useful in responding to those inquiries and it has also provided a basis for NSPE volunteers and staff to exercise appropriate judgment and discretion to address immediate and unanticipated public policy questions and concerns. What current purpose does this policy or position serve and why is it still necessary and relevant? (For example, is it required by an MOU? Does it protect the association in some specified manner? Does it provide direction on association action vis-à-vis a current and relevant issue?) NSPE’s ongoing advocacy efforts are a major thrust of NSPE’s programs and activities. Having a PP that expresses clear guidance to NSPE volunteers and staff regarding their advocacy activities provides important and useful support to NSPE volunteers and staff. How does this policy advance and support NSPE’s statement of strategic direction and strategic plan? This PP supports NSPE’s Mission (promote licensure, opportunities for PEs and EIs), Values (growth in the number of PEs, teamwork, unity and fellowship, commitment to the future of licensed PEs), Goals (advocacy), Member Value (collaboration and coordination) and Member Engagement.

PP No. 30—Legislation—General Principles ADOPTED: Unknown LATEST REVISION: XXXX 2015 SUNSET DATE: XXXX 2022 NSPE CONTACT: L&GA Committee It is the policy of the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) to contribute to and influence legislative and regulatory activities at all levels of government as part of its dedication to the health, safety and welfare of the public, the engineering profession, and advancement of the Society and its members. It is the further policy of NSPE to monitor, analyze, and act upon those governmental activities, legislative and regulatory, to which engineering input is necessary. It is the further policy of NSPE that the policies and directions adopted by NSPE will guide its legislative and regulatory activities in the particular fields to which they apply; where existing policies are not applicable, NSPE will be guided by considerations that, in its judgment, promote the long-term health, safety, and welfare of the public and of the engineering profession.

PP-38 – Research—National Science Foundation Following careful review, LQPC has determined that this PP is relevant and up to date. LQPC does not recommend that this PP be submitted to the NSPE membership for input as outlined in NSPE OP 2.14. How does this policy or position support Professional Engineers or Professional Engineering? Basic engineering research is at the core of virtually all advances in the field of engineering. Over time, as these advances are applied, they inform the ways in which professional engineers practice engineering. How has this policy or position been utilized or applied in the past?

Page 5 of 32 NSPE has long advocated for legislation and regulator to place a greater emphasis on engineering within the NSF, in support of engineering research, engineering education, engineering ethics and K-12 education. During the 1980s and 1990s, NSPE helped to advance legislation to change the name of NSF to the National Science and Engineering Foundation. What current purpose does this policy or position serve and why is it still necessary and relevant? (For example, is it required by an MOU? Does it protect the association in some specified manner? Does it provide direction on association action vis-à-vis a current and relevant issue?) NSPE continues to advocate in support of engineering research, engineering education, engineering ethics and K- 12 education. How does this policy advance and support NSPE’s statement of strategic direction and strategic plan? This PP supports NSPE’s Values (ethics, competent practice of engineering, innovation, the future of engineering).

PP No. 38—Research—National Science Foundation ADOPTED: Prior to June 1996 LATEST REVISION: XXXX 2015 SUNSET DATE: XXXX 2020 NSPE CONTACT: Board of Directors It is the policy of the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) to support the continued development of a strong National Science Foundation (NSF) dedicated to furthering basic research in the sciences and engineering. Further, NSPE believes NSF should continue to: 1. Support engineering education as well as research. 2. Promote programs that incorporate educational and research objectives. 3. Maximize available funding for its mission through multidisciplinary research utilizing non-federal forms of support. 4. Expand engineering membership on the National Science Board and its Executive Committee to achieve the optimum balance of NSF programs in science and in engineering.

PP-45 - Prime Professional Following careful review, LQPC has determined that this policy is relevant, up to date and expresses NSPE’s basic and fundamental underlying and longstanding position on the issue of the rights of the professional engineer to serve as the prime professional on design projects. In addition, LQPC considered additional comments from the NSPE Board of Directors regarding overlap between PP 45 and PP 50. While LQPC acknowledges a degree of overlap, LQPC believes that the issues addressed in PP 45 applies specifically to building design and the professional engineer’s historic relationship with the architectural profession. LQPC believes the issue of the professional engineer serving as the prime professional in the design of buildings and structures is of ongoing importance to the professional engineer in several states and territories that the use of a separate PP to address this specific issue is necessary now and for the foreseeable future. LQPC does not recommend that this PP be submitted to the NSPE membership for input as outlined in NSPE OP 2.14. How does this policy or position support Professional Engineers or Professional Engineering? For decades, professional engineers have been challenged from time to time by architects in their role as serving as the prime professional in the design of building and other structures. NSPE and its state societies have responded in a variety of ways (legislation, regulation, building codes, litigation, etc.) and this policy expresses NSPE’s longstanding position in this ongoing issue. How has this policy or position been utilized or applied in the past?

Page 6 of 32 For decades, this policy has been used by NSPE and many state societies as the guidepost for NSPE’s position in support of the PE serving in the role as the prime professional in the design of buildings and other structures. It also serve to provide mutually reinforcing support in connection with NCEES Model Law language regarding “design coordination”. What current purpose does this policy or position serve and why is it still necessary and relevant? (For example, is it required by an MOU? Does it protect the association in some specified manner? Does it provide direction on association action vis-à-vis a current and relevant issue?) Each year there are legislative and regulatory efforts to weaken the ability of professional engineers serving in the role as the prime professional on building design projects at the state level and this PP helps to forearm state societies as they address these issues with the state legislature and state licensure authorities. In addition, because of the longstanding and critical role of the professional engineer serving as the “prime professional” it is important to have a PP to address this issue, separate and apart from PP 50. How does this policy advance and support NSPE’s statement of strategic direction and strategic plan? This PP advances NSPE’s Vision (advocacy), Mission (protects and enhances the value of licensure), Values (protection of the public health and safety), Goals (professional practice), Advocacy (collaboration with state societies, direct advocacy activities). PP No. 45—Prime Professional ADOPTED: Prior to July 1993 LATEST REVISION: XXXX 2015 SUNSET DATE: XXXX 2021 NSPE CONTACT: Executive Committee It is the policy of the National Society of Professional Engineers to work for unity of purpose for the benefit of the engineering profession by vigorously and actively cooperating with engineering and related professional disciplines and societies on the national, state and local levels. It is the further policy of the NSPE that cooperation with the architectural profession is an important part of professional unity. In the interest of promoting public health, safety, and general welfare, enhancing the quality of the environment, recognizing that the legal rights and obligations of licensed engineers and architects coincide, and in the interest of further defining this cooperation, NSPE adopts the following principles: 1. Jurisdictional registration and licensure laws for architects and engineers are predicated upon and justified only as a means to protect the public health, safety, and welfare. They should not be used as a means to enhance the standing of one design profession over another. 2. The two professions must accept the basic premise that there is an overlap in the functions that architects and engineers may be qualified to perform in the design and construction of buildings. Members of either profession are qualified to be the prime professional on building projects of any size and scope. 3. On projects for the design of buildings it is the prerogative of the client to select and designate the prime professional who may be either an engineer or an architect. The professional so retained for a project should perform only those services for which he or she is competent and should utilize the services of other qualified professionals as required to provide a proper and complete professional service to the client consistent with applicable law.

PP-50 – Inter-professional Relations Following careful review, LQPC has determined that this policy is relevant, up to date and expresses NSPE’s basic and fundamental underlying and longstanding position on the issue on inter-professional relations between professional engineers and other professionals. LQPC does not recommend that this PP be submitted to the NSPE membership for input as outlined in NSPE OP 2.14. How does this policy or position support Professional Engineers or Professional Engineering? For decades, professional engineers have been challenged from time to time by other design professionals (landscape architects, land surveyors, geologists, hydrologists, etc.). NSPE and its state societies have responded

Page 7 of 32 in a variety of ways (legislation, regulation, building codes, litigation, etc.) and this policy expresses NSPE’s longstanding position in this ongoing issue. How has this policy or position been utilized or applied in the past? For decades, this policy has been used by NSPE and many state societies as the guidepost for NSPE’s position in support of the PE performing professional engineering services as defined under state law. What current purpose does this policy or position serve and why is it still necessary and relevant? (For example, is it required by an MOU? Does it protect the association in some specified manner? Does it provide direction on association action vis a vis a current and relevant issue?) Each year there are legislative and regulatory efforts to narrow the scope of the definition of the “practice of engineering” and weaken the ability of professional engineers to perform traditional engineering services. This PP helps to forearm state societies as they address these issues with the state legislature and state licensure authorities. How does this policy advance and support NSPE’s statement of strategic direction and strategic plan? This PP advances NSPE’s Vision (advocacy), Mission (protects and enhances the value of licensure), Values (protection of the public health and safety), Goals (professional practice), Advocacy (collaboration with state societies, direct advocacy activities).

PP No. 50—Inter-professional Relations ADOPTED: Unknown LATEST REVISION: XXXX 2015 SUNSET DATE: XXXX 2022 NSPE CONTACT: LQPC It is the policy of the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) that the primary responsibility of the engineer relative to relations with other professionals is the protection of the public health, safety, and welfare. The public is best protected when individuals, after demonstrating their competency and education, are licensed to practice in their area of competency. Some activities that are within the scope of the practice of engineering may also be legally performed in some states by technically proficient and competent licensed individuals who are not licensed professional engineers. It is NSPE’s position that such licensed persons with demonstrated competency should not be restricted from practice in those areas. Similarly, many activities that are within the scope of other licensed professions, such as architecture, land surveying, hydrogeology, and environmental science, are also within the scope of engineering. Accordingly, it is the position of NSPE that duly qualified and competent licensed engineers should not be restricted from practicing in areas of their competency. It is NSPE’s position that, when there is overlap between activities that may be performed by licensed professionals, the owner should select the licensed professional he/she deems appropriate as the lead professional. Any licensed professional so selected should only practice within their area of competency and should add other licensed professionals to the team to provide the full scope of services required for the assignment.

PP-58 – Employment Practices—Use of Engineering Titles Following careful review, LQPC has determined that this policy is relevant, up to date. LQPC believes that the indiscriminate use of engineering titles by individuals who are clearly not professionally qualified as set forth in this policy serves only to confuse the public. This policy recognizes that titles such as “engineering aid/assistant” and “engineering technician/technologist” are appropriate to designate individuals/positions that clearly are not those which are licensed, educated or legally defined. Following approval, this PP shall sunset seven years from the date of NSPE House of Delegates approval. LQPC does not recommend that this PP be submitted to the NSPE membership for input as outlined in NSPE OP 2.14.

Page 8 of 32 How does this policy or position support Professional Engineers or Professional Engineering? The misuse of engineering titles is one of the most frustrating problems faced by the engineering profession. NSPE members and others have repeatedly expressed concerns about unqualified individuals using engineering titles. This PP is intended to advocate NSPE’s policy on this important issue. How has this policy or position been utilized or applied in the past? When misuse of engineering titles have been brought to NSPE’s or a state society’s attention, NSPE or the state society has advocated to offending governmental agencies, employers and other groups regarding such misuse. In addition, many individual members have used this PP to influence their employers regarding the misuse of engineering titles. What current purpose does this policy or position serve and why is it still necessary and relevant? (For example, is it required by an MOU? Does it protect the association in some specified manner? Does it provide direction on association action vis-à-vis a current and relevant issue?) With the proliferation of new technological fields, the misuse of engineering titles is ever increasing and the PP serves as a tool to express NSPE’s deep concern regarding this issue. How does this policy advance and support NSPE’s statement of strategic direction and strategic plan? This PP supports NSPE’s Mission (protects and enhances the value of licensure), Values (protection of the public health, safety and welfare, PE license as the highest standard of professionalism, Goals (image of NSPE members) and Advocacy (direct advocacy activities).

PP No. 58—Employment Practices—Use of Engineering Titles ADOPTED: Unknown LATEST REVISION: XXXX 2015 SUNSET DATE: XXXX 2020 NSPE CONTACT: L&QP Committee It is the policy of the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) that engineering titles should only be conferred upon those individuals who have earned them by virtue of: 1. Licensure under a jurisdiction engineering licensure law; or 2. Graduation from an ABET/EAC program or an equivalent program; or 3. An official ruling under the Fair Labor Standards Act, as amended, which defines engineers as learned professionals (29CFR541, Subpart D, Paragraph 541.301). The indiscriminate utilization of engineering titles by individuals who are not clearly professionally qualified as set forth in this policy serves only to confuse the public. This policy recognizes that titles such as “engineering aide/assistant” and “engineering technician/technologist” are appropriate to designate individuals/positions that clearly are not those which are appropriately licensed, educated, or legally defined.

PP-61 – Seal, Professional Engineer and Land Surveyor—Use of Following careful review, LQPC has determined that this policy is relevant, up to date. LQPC carefully considered additional comments from the NSPE Board of Directors and believes that the reference to the term “indicia” is accurate (defined in Merriam-Webster’s American English Dictionary as “signs, indications, or distinguishing marks…”) and also may be found in state engineering licensure laws and regulations. LQPC does not recommend that this PP be submitted to the NSPE membership for input as outlined in NSPE OP 2.14. How does this policy or position support Professional Engineers or Professional Engineering? This PP is NSPE’s acknowledgement that the granting of the right to obtain and apply the engineering seal by the state engineering licensure authorities is among the most important responsibilities conferred upon the professional engineer. How has this policy or position been utilized or applied in the past?

Page 9 of 32 State societies have reported that there have been instances where non-engineers and others have sought to create a seal (or stamp) to dilute role of the professional engineer and to undermine the important role the professional engineer plays in protecting the public. In addition, the PP recognizes the important role that the seal plays in legally shielding the work of a professional engineer from changes by other parties not under the “responsible charge” of the sealing professional engineer. What current purpose does this policy or position serve and why is it still necessary and relevant? (For example, is it required by an MOU? Does it protect the association in some specified manner? Does it provide direction on association action vis-à-vis a current and relevant issue?) Over the years, there have been many instances where non-engineers and others have sought to create a seal or stamp to dilute the value and recognition of the professional engineer’s seal. In addition, the PP recognizes the important role that the seal plays in shielding the work of a professional engineer from changes by other parties not under the “responsible charge” of the sealing professional engineer as well as acknowledging that the engineering work contained therein has been competently prepared and meets reasonable engineering standards. The PP also provides recognition to licensed surveyors, many of who have also traditionally been licensed professional engineers. How does this policy advance and support NSPE’s statement of strategic direction and strategic plan? The PP advocates in support of NSPE’s Vision (advocate of licensed professional engineers), Mission (protects and enhances the value of licensure and the opportunities for the licensed engineer), Values (protection of the public health and safety, the PE license as the highest standard of professionalism in engineering), Goals (licensure advocacy)

PP No. 61—Seal, Professional Engineer and Land Surveyor—Use of ADOPTED: Prior to July 1996 LATEST REVISION: XXXX 2015 SUNSET DATE: XXXX 2021 NSPE CONTACT: Board of Directors It is the policy of the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) that engineering plans, drawings, specifications, and other documents applicable to professional engineering practice bear the imprint of the seal(s) that attest to the professional licensure of the responsible person(s), in accordance with the requirements of state laws. No other seal(s), emblem(s), or indicia should be shown thereon unless required by law, except that the engineer’s standard insignia, logo, block, symbol, and client designation may be used. It is the further policy of NSPE to recommend legal proscriptions against the making of changes to work signed and sealed by a professional engineer, except by a professional engineer according to applicable jurisdictional regulations and who shall (a) sign and reseal the work and (b) make a notation on the work indicating the nature of the changes. Further, NSPE recommends legal proscriptions against the making of any change to a property boundary survey except by a licensed land surveyor who shall make a notation on the updated survey documents indicating the changes made, the reasons for the changes, and resealing and signing the survey document(s).

PP-65 – Elementary and Secondary Education Following careful review, LQPC has determined that this policy is relevant, up to date. LQPC believes that PP- 65 is aligned with NSPE Value Number 8, Commitment to the future of the licensed professional engineer. LQPC believes that if NSPE is not committed to STEM education, future professional engineers will suffer. LQPC does not recommend that this PP be submitted to the NSPE membership for input as outlined in NSPE OP 2.14. How does this policy or position support Professional Engineers or Professional Engineering?

Page 10 of 32 Through NSPE’s support of MATHCOUNTS, the Future City Competition and other K-12 initiatives, NSPE is committed to ensuring that young students in the pipeline to become professional engineer have sufficient exposure and education in math, science, technology and engineering to excel in later years. This PP reinforces and outlines NSPE’s support for these initiatives How has this policy or position been utilized or applied in the past? At the federal and state level, NSPE has long supported and advocated for legislation to increase funding for STEM education at all levels, include K-12 to ensure that future professional engineers receive exposure and education in the STEM fields. What current purpose does this policy or position serve and why is it still necessary and relevant? (For example, is it required by an MOU? Does it protect the association in some specified manner? Does it provide direction on association action vis-à-vis a current and relevant issue?) As federal and state budgeting priorities are modified and challenged, funding at the federal and state level for STEM education is under constant review and even threat in some cases. Budget deficits, entitlements and other priorities often have a higher political resonance than spending for STEM and therefore it is important for NSPE to continue to have a clear advocacy policy to help unsure a healthful future for professional engineering. How does this policy advance and support NSPE’s statement of strategic direction and strategic plan? This PP advocates for NSPE’s Values (innovation through the creative application of math, science and engineering, growth in the number of licensed professional engineers) and Goals (outreach, education).

PP No. 65—Elementary and Secondary Education ADOPTED: Prior to July 1994 LATEST REVISION: XXXX 2015 SUNSET DATE: XXXX 2022 NSPE CONTACT: PEHE Interest Group NSPE believes the future of the United States, as a world leader, is dependent upon our society’s heightened emphasis in the development of technological leadership. NSPE further believes this future must include, as its foundation, sound, effective educational programs at both the elementary and secondary school levels. A continued focus on these programs will require a commitment from NSPE members to work with state and local public educational groups to effect appropriate educational goals, objectives, leadership development, and funding for elementary and secondary science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) education needed to prepare students for a future career in the engineering profession. THEREFORE, it is the policy of the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) to urge its state and chapter members to demonstrate community leadership in elementary and secondary education programs, especially in the areas related to the physical sciences, technology, engineering, mathematics, research and computer education. It is the further policy of NSPE to assist its constituent state societies and chapters in the development and promotion of state and local initiatives designed to improve the curricula that pertain to the study of the physical sciences, technology, engineering, mathematics, research, and computer education at both elementary and secondary school levels.

PP-66 - The Engineering Team Following careful review, LQPC has determined that this policy is important in connection with NSPE’s relationship with other professional and technical groups, including engineering technicians and technologists who are certified under NSPE’s NICET program and should be continued as stated. LQPC does not recommend that this PP be submitted to the NSPE membership for input as outlined in NSPE OP 2.14. How does this policy or position support Professional Engineers or Professional Engineering?

Page 11 of 32 This PP advocates the importance of all elements of the engineering team in the design, construction and manufacturing process of which professional engineers play a vital part. The PP also provides an atmosphere of cooperation as NSPE seeks support from sister professions in coalitions and legislative initiatives. How has this policy or position been utilized or applied in the past? This PP is useful to engineering technicians and engineering technologists in recognizing their affinity with professional engineers in their activities in a variety of technical areas in support of professional engineers. What current purpose does this policy or position serve and why is it still necessary and relevant? (For example, is it required by an MOU? Does it protect the association in some specified manner? Does it provide direction on association action vis-à-vis a current and relevant issue?) NICET is an important NSPE program within the NSPE family and this PP recognizes the close affinity between NSPE and NICET in various areas of professional practice. How does this policy advance and support NSPE’s statement of strategic direction and strategic plan? This PP advances and supports NSPE’s Mission (opportunities for licensed professional engineers), Values (teamwork, unity), Goals (multi-disciplinary networking and outreach) and Member Value (concentration of resources on organizational strengths, appropriate product and dues/non dues revenue mix).

PP No. 66—The Engineering Team ADOPTED: Unknown LATEST REVISION: XXXX 2015 SUNSET DATE: XXXX 2020 NSPE CONTACT: LQPC It is the policy of the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) to recognize that achievements in technology are usually the product of the collective efforts of a team of multiple contributors working toward a common objective. NSPE recognizes that in addition to engineers, these contributors may include: architects, surveyors, technologists, technicians, community and regional planners, landscape architects, geologists, and other recognized specialty disciplines. Successful accomplishment of a project involves the practical skills of all these disciplines. NSPE will support the development of programs leading to public recognition of the vital contribution that all team members make to the accomplishment of successful engineering projects.

PP-75 – Professional Liability Insurance Following careful review, LQPC has determined that this policy is relevant, up to date and states a best practice for professional engineers. LQPC does not recommend that this PP be submitted to the NSPE membership for input as outlined in NSPE OP 2.14. How does this policy or position support Professional Engineers or Professional Engineering? This PP supports the autonomy and independence of professional engineers make professional decisions in the absence of governmental or other interference with their judgment and discretion in managing risk. How has this policy or position been utilized or applied in the past? This PP has been utilized at the state and federal levels to discourage or prevent laws and regulations that would require professional engineers to carry professional liability insurance as a condition of practice. What current purpose does this policy or position serve and why is it still necessary and relevant? (For example, is it required by an MOU? Does it protect the association in some specified manner? Does it provide direction on association action vis-à-vis a current and relevant issue?) This PP has been used as guidance by NSPE state societies in response to state or local efforts to require PPs to purchase professional liability insurance as a condition to being considered for public contracts or to engage in professional practice. How does this policy advance and support NSPE’s statement of strategic direction and strategic plan?

Page 12 of 32 This PP advances and supports NSPE’s Vision (member-centric, advocate of licensed professional engineers), Mission (expert in professional practice) and Values (PE license as the highest standard).

PP No. 75—Professional Liability Insurance ADOPTED: Prior to July 1994 LATEST REVISION: XXXX 2015 SUNSET DATE: XXXX 2021 NSPE CONTACT: Board of Directors It is the policy of the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) to endorse the use of Professional Liability Insurance to protect the interests of professional engineers in the course of their practice of engineering. It is the further policy of NSPE that: 1. It is improper for professional engineers to misrepresent to clients or potential clients the nature, scope, or extent of their professional liability insurance. 2. Carrying of Professional Liability Insurance should be a personal choice of the professional engineer. 3. NSPE is opposed to the adoption of laws or regulations that require professional engineers to carry professional liability insurance.

PP-96 – Liability of Employed Engineers Following careful review, LQPC has determined that this policy is relevant, up to date and states a best practice and provides sound guidance to professional engineers regarding professional liability and risk management issues. LQPC does not recommend that this PP be submitted to the NSPE membership for input as outlined in NSPE OP 2.14. How does this policy or position support Professional Engineers or Professional Engineering? This PP supports professional engineers by advocating for liability protections for them in the workplace and professional practice environment while at the same time acknowledging that they should be held professionally accountable for their actions as professional engineers. How has this policy or position been utilized or applied in the past? This PP has been utilized by professional engineers in their relations with public and private employers by encouraging the adoption of laws, regulations, rules and internal policies to indemnify and hold harmless professional engineers for their actions within the scope of their employment. What current purpose does this policy or position serve and why is it still necessary and relevant? (For example, is it required by an MOU? Does it protect the association in some specified manner? Does it provide direction on association action vis-à-vis a current and relevant issue?) This PP is critical to professional engineers who work for small and medium-sized companies and governmental entities that may not necessarily fully understand or appreciate the potential professional liability exposure of professional engineers. Many professional engineers in this category look to NSPE for support on this issue. How does this policy advance and support NSPE’s statement of strategic direction and strategic plan? This PP advances and supports NSPE’s Vision (member-centric, responsive), Mission (protects and enhances the value of licensure, Values (ethical competent practice of engineering) and Goals (outreach, ethically and professionally practice engineering).

PP No. 96—Liability of Employed Engineers

Page 13 of 32 ADOPTED: Unknown LATEST REVISION: XXXX 2015 SUNSET DATE: XXXX 2022 NSPE CONTACT: General Counsel

It is the policy of the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) to recommend that each organization which employs engineers provide formal assurance through organization policy that it will defend any suits or claims files against individual engineers of the organization, past or present, in connection with their professional activities on behalf of the employer, and will hold harmless individual engineers so involved. NSPE believes that all engineers are and should be individually responsible for their professional services either through their employer or directly to a client. NSPE recognizes that in today’s complex technology it is often required that individual professional services be provided as part of a team effort and under the direction and responsibility of an organization, therefore, the individual engineer should be afforded a reasonable degree of protection by the organization which employs that engineer.

PP-122 – Continuing Professional Competency Following careful review, LQPC has determined that this policy is relevant, up to date and aligns with NSPE’s Strategy for Professional and Leadership Development for the Licensed Professional Engineer. LQPC does not recommend that this PP be submitted to the NSPE membership for input as outlined in NSPE OP 2.14. How does this policy or position support Professional Engineers or Professional Engineering? This PP supports NSPE and state society advocacy for mandatory continuing education requirements as a condition of maintaining a PE license and the advocacy of uniform continuing education requirements among the states to promote comity and reciprocity particularly for PEs who are licensed in multiple states. How has this policy or position been utilized or applied in the past? This PP has been utilized by NSPE in advocating NCEES action to support greater improvements to the NCEES Model Continuing Professional Competency Guidelines in the NCEES Model Rules as well as greater continuing education requirement uniformity among the states. In addition this PP has been utilized by NSPE state societies to promote the enactment of state mandatory continuing education requirements along with greater uniformity among the states. What current purpose does this policy or position serve and why is it still necessary and relevant? (For example, is it required by an MOU? Does it protect the association in some specified manner? Does it provide direction on association action vis-à-vis a current and relevant issue?) This PP expresses the desire on the part of NSPE members in support of the need for lifelong learning as a condition for maintaining the PE license, balanced with a greater legal and regulatory requirement uniformity among the states. How does this policy advance and support NSPE’s statement of strategic direction and strategic plan? This PP advances and supports NSPE’s Vision (member focused, advocate of licensed professional engineers), Mission (promotes licensure, protects and enhances the value of licensure), Values (ethical competent practice of engineering, continuous learning for professional growth, commitment to the future of licensed Professional Engineers) and Member Value (concentration of resources on organizational strengths and the specific needs of its unique constituency). PP No. 122—Continuing Professional Competency ADOPTED: Unknown LATEST REVISION: XXXX 2015 SUNSET DATE: XXXX 2020 NSPE CONTACT: L&GA Committee It is the policy of the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) to support mandatory continuing professional competency for licensed Professional Engineers.

Page 14 of 32 NSPE strongly supports comity among licensing jurisdictions to provide practice mobility of Professional Engineers. To promote comity NSPE encourages uniformity in continuing education programs through use of the NCEES Model Rules for Continuing Professional Competence and urges its state societies to assist state licensure boards in implementing these Rules in all jurisdictions. NSPE further endorses the efforts of the professional/technical societies, engineering schools, and industry to provide continuing education to licensed engineers in the various jurisdictions throughout the U.S.

PP-130 - Design of Products, Structures, Machines, Processes and Systems Following careful review, LQPC has determined that this policy is relevant, up to date and is one of the core beliefs of NSPE. LQPC does not recommend that this PP be submitted to the NSPE membership for input as outlined in NSPE OP 2.14. How does this policy or position support Professional Engineers or Professional Engineering? This PP supports NSPE’s advocacy that licensed professional engineers should be in “responsible charge” of engineering design within industry. How has this policy or position been utilized or applied in the past? This PP has been utilized recently by NSPE in efforts to encourage and support reform of the industry exemption as well as by NSPE state societies to advocate for the reform of the industry exemption in state PE laws and regulations. What current purpose does this policy or position serve and why is it still necessary and relevant? (For example, is it required by an MOU? Does it protect the association in some specified manner? Does it provide direction on association action vis-à-vis a current and relevant issue?) Virtually every state has an industry exemption either in law or in fact and this PP represents NSPE’s continuing efforts to reform the industry exemption. How does this policy advance and support NSPE’s statement of strategic direction and strategic plan? This PP advances and supports most if not all elements of NSPE’s Vision, Mission, Values and Goals

PP No. 130—The Design of Products, Structures, Machines, Processes and Systems ADOPTED: Prior to July 1995 LATEST REVISION: XXXX 2015 SUNSET DATE: XXXX 2021 NSPE CONTACT: Interest Groups It is the policy of the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) that licensed engineers should be in responsible charge of the engineering design process for products, structures, machines, processes, and systems that can affect the public health, safety, and welfare. NSPE urges that such design processes be accomplished by, or under the direct supervision of, a licensed Professional Engineer.

PP-131 - Procurement of Engineering Services (QBS) Following careful review, after consultation with the NSPE L&GA Committee and the Professional Engineers in Private Practice (PEPP) Interest Group, LQPC believes this Professional Policy as written accurately and substantively reflects NSPE’s longstanding and ongoing support for qualifications-based selection procedures in the procurement of professional engineering services at the federal, state and local levels. LQPC does not recommend that this PP be submitted to the NSPE membership for input as outlined in NSPE OP 2.14. How does this policy or position support Professional Engineers or Professional Engineering? This PP supports NSPE’s longstanding and unqualified support for the qualifications-based selection process for professional engineering services in federal, state and local procurement laws, regulations and ordnances. NSPE

Page 15 of 32 has long believed that professional services such as professional engineering services should be selected based on the qualifications, background, experience, etc., of the individual professional engineer/engineering firm. How has this policy or position been utilized or applied in the past? This PP has been utilized at the federal, state and local level both to advocate in favor of QBS and to also oppose efforts to weaken or dilute existing provisions. What current purpose does this policy or position serve and why is it still necessary and relevant? (For example, is it required by an MOU? Does it protect the association in some specified manner? Does it provide direction on association action vis-à-vis a current and relevant issue?) Individual member, state societies, local chapters, government agencies and other organizations are vitally interested in NSPE’s policies on QBS because it the fundamental manner in which professional engineering services are selected and evaluated by public clients. How does this policy advance and support NSPE’s statement of strategic direction and strategic plan? This PP advances and supports most if not all of NSPE’s Vision, Mission, Values and Goals.

PP No. 131—Procurement of Engineering Services (QBS) ADOPTED: Prior to July 1994 LATEST REVISION: XXXX 2015 SUNSET DATE: XXXX 2022 NSPE CONTACT: PEC, PEG, and PEPP Interest Groups It is the policy of the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) that all engineering services should be performed by qualified engineers on the basis of design ability, experience, integrity and judgment. Engineering is a learned profession, requiring of its members sound technical experience, personal ability, education, honesty, and integrity. To implement this principle, NSPE supports a Qualifications Based Selection (QBS) procedure for all engineering services procurement. With QBS, the interests of all professional services users are best served by a selection procedure for all engineering services on the basis of qualifications, including technical competence and staff consistent with the requirement of the project. The selection procedure should address specialized knowledge and skill, experience in the type of project involved, assignment of qualified personnel, ability of the engineers to perform on a timely basis, recognition of the importance of total cost of the project within budgetary limitations, and such other areas of expertise as may be identified by the owner for prime consultant services, or the prime consultant for the sub-consultant services. NSPE recommends a QBS procedure for procurement of consultant and sub-consultant engineering services that recognizes the desirability of the opportunity for engineers and firms to be considered on their merits in the selection process, and further recognize that a means be provided whereby professionally qualified engineers or firms be ranked on the basis of ability to provide the service, followed by negotiations with the best qualified engineer or firm to determine a mutually satisfactory agreement for the scope of services agreed upon.

PP-152 - Licensure and Qualifications for Practice Following careful review, LQPC has determined that this policy is relevant, up to date and is an important core basis for NSPE’s policies on licensure and qualifications for practice. LQPC does not recommend that this PP be submitted to the NSPE membership for input as outlined in NSPE OP 2.14. How does this policy or position support Professional Engineers or Professional Engineering? This PP supports Professional Engineers and Professional Engineering by advocating the basic and fundamental tenets for which NSPE stands – protection of the public health, safety and welfare, ethical conduct, licensure, increased comity/reciprocity, qualifications for practice, competency, ethics, regulation under state law, uniformity of laws and other NSPE values and principles. How has this policy or position been utilized or applied in the past?

Page 16 of 32 This PP has been utilized in various NSPE advocacy communications and testimony before federal state and local agencies, legislative bodies, executive agencies and the courts. What current purpose does this policy or position serve and why is it still necessary and relevant? (For example, is it required by an MOU? Does it protect the association in some specified manner? Does it provide direction on association action vis a vis a current and relevant issue?) This PP is an essential linchpin PP upon which NSPE derives most of its direction on PS and other NSPE policy documents. How does this policy advance and support NSPE’s statement of strategic direction and strategic plan? This PP advances and supports most if not all of NSPE’s Vision, Mission, Values and Goals.

PP No. 152—Licensure & Qualifications for Practice ADOPTED: Unknown LATEST REVISION: XXXX 2015 SUNSET DATE: XXXX 2020 NSPE CONTACT: L&QP Committee The National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) was founded in 1934 based on a key goal of licensing (registration) of engineers in the United States. Promotion of strong licensure laws is a Core Value of NSPE. It is therefore the policy of the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) to actively support appropriate and effective licensure of engineers in all jurisdictions, as a means to provide for the protection of public health, safety and welfare. It is further the policy of NSPE that licensure as a professional engineer is the appropriate statutory process by which an individual meets the legal requirements to practice engineering in any jurisdiction. NSPE endorses and supports the enactment of uniform licensure laws in all jurisdictions, and comity between all jurisdictions. It is further the policy of the NSPE to protect the public health, safety, and welfare against the potential for incompetent engineering services if the services are performed by unlicensed individuals who lack the necessary education, training, experience, and other qualifications to perform engineering services as defined under state licensing laws. NSPE endorses vigorous support of the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying and the state licensing boards in the establishment and strengthening of provisions in the NCEES Model Law and the laws of individual states and their actions to vigorously enforce laws prohibiting the unlawful practice of engineering. The NSPE position is further expanded in NSPE Position Statement 1737.

PP-166 - Professional Engineers/Certified Engineering Technicians & Technology Relations Following careful review, LQPC has determined that this policy is relevant, up to date and accurately expresses NSPE’s basic and fundamental underlying and longstanding position on the relationships between professional engineers, engineering technicians and engineering technologists. LQPC does not recommend that this PP be submitted to the NSPE membership for input as outlined in NSPE OP 2.14. How does this policy or position support Professional Engineers or Professional Engineering? This PP supports Professional Engineers and Professional Engineering by advocating in support of positive and construction relations between Professional Engineers and engineering technicians/engineering technologists. Over the years, there have been areas of conflict between the groups (e.g., fire suppression system design/layout). How has this policy or position been utilized or applied in the past? This PP has been utilized in NSPE discussions with groups such as the American Society of Certified Engineering Technicians/Technologists (ASCET) as well as with individuals who are certified or affiliated with the National Institute for the Certification of Engineering and Technology (NICET). What current purpose does this policy or position serve and why is it still necessary and relevant? (For example, is it required by an MOU? Does it protect the association in some specified manner? Does it provide direction on association action vis-à-vis a current and relevant issue?)

Page 17 of 32 This PP serves an important purpose in addressing issues of concern to the certificants and others associated with the ASCET and NICET. How does this policy advance and support NSPE’s statement of strategic direction and strategic plan? This PP advances and supports NSPE’s Vision (future focused and responsive organization), Mission (professional practice, protects and enhances the value of licensure) and Goals (multi-disciplinary networking and outreach).

PP No. 166—Professional Engineers/Certified Engineering Technicians & Technologists Relations ADOPTED: July 2000 LATEST REVISION: XXXX 2015 SUNSET DATE: XXXX 2021 NSPE CONTACT: Executive Committee It is the policy of the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) to support and encourage engineering technicians and technologists of the engineering team, to: 1. Achieve and promote certification by the National Institute of Certification in Engineering Technologies (NICET). 2. Achieve and maintain harmony in professional activities between certified engineering technicians and technologists with those of licensed professional engineers. 3. Avoid actions and activities that place certified engineering technicians/technologists and licensed professional engineers in an adverse relationship.

PP-170 - Legislation to Address Professional Liability and Risk Management for Engineers Following careful review, LQPC has determined that this policy is relevant, up to date and useful in relations with state engineering licensure boards, governmental agencies and state legislators. LQPC does not recommend that this PP be submitted to the NSPE membership for input as outlined in NSPE OP 2.14. How does this policy or position support Professional Engineers or Professional Engineering? This PP supports Professional Engineers and Professional Engineering by advocating for legal and legislative initiatives to protect licensed professional engineers from unreasonable professional liability exposure in their professional practice. How has this policy or position been utilized or applied in the past? This PP has been utilized by NSPE state society to advocate for the enactment of legal and legislative initiatives to protect licensed professional engineers as well as a shield to prevent legal and legislative initiatives that would undermine existing protections. What current purpose does this policy or position serve and why is it still necessary and relevant? (For example, is it required by an MOU? Does it protect the association in some specified manner? Does it provide direction on association action vis-à-vis a current and relevant issue?) This PP is necessary and relevant as individuals and companies often see licensed professional engineers and their employers as “deep pockets” during the litigation process. Since the US jurisprudence system makes it difficult for employees to sue their employers directly when they are injured, engineers and their employers are often the target of 3rd party lawsuits. How does this policy advance and support NSPE’s statement of strategic direction and strategic plan? This PP advances and supports NSPE’s Vision (advocate of licensed Professional Engineers) and Mission (Protects and enhances the value of licensure and the opportunities for the licensed).

Page 18 of 32 PP No. 170—Legislation to Address Professional Liability and Risk Management for Engineers ADOPTED: April 2009 LATEST REVISION: XXXX 2015 SUNSET DATE: XXXX 2022 NSPE CONTACT: Board of Directors It is the policy of the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) to support efforts by state societies to promote legislation such as (1) statutes of repose, (2) certificate of merit, (3) sole-source workers compensation, and (4) Good Samaritan laws to provide a reasonable degree of protection for engineers in the performance of their professional services. While engineers should be expected to assume reasonable duties and responsibilities in rendering professional services for which engineers have professional competence and expertise, legal and contractual authority, and for which the engineer has appropriate liability insurance and other protections, clients, contractors and other parties should understand the role of the engineer in the design and construction process and not seek to impose unjustifiable liability that undermine the engineer’s responsibility as a licensed professional whose legal and ethical obligation is to protect the public health and safety. The NSPE position is further expanded, along with model legislation, in NSPE Position Statement 1751.

PP-171 - Design and Construction Contract Provisions Following careful review, LQPC has determined that this policy is relevant, up to date and useful in assisting professional engineers concerned about litigation and design and construction contract provisions. LQPC does not recommend that this PP be submitted to the NSPE membership for input as outlined in NSPE OP 2.14. How does this policy or position support Professional Engineers or Professional Engineering? This PP supports Professional Engineers and Professional Engineering by advocating in favor of fair and reasonable contractual provisions that do not improperly shift risk to the professional engineer and that do not undermine the professional engineer’s obligation to protect the public health and safety along with the interests of the professional engineer’s employer or client. How has this policy or position been utilized or applied in the past? This PP has been utilized by NSPE members in response to efforts by other parties to shift risk to the professional engineer or to undermine the professional engineer’s obligation to protect the public health and safety along with the interests of the professional engineer’s employer or client. What current purpose does this policy or position serve and why is it still necessary and relevant? (For example, is it required by an MOU? Does it protect the association in some specified manner? Does it provide direction on association action vis-à-vis a current and relevant issue?) This PP serves an important interest among professional engineers who continue to face a practice environment in which public owners and others seek to include unacceptable contractual provisions that are contrary to the interests of professional engineers and their employers. How does this policy advance and support NSPE’s statement of strategic direction and strategic plan? This PP advances and supports NSPE’s Vision (recognized voice and advocate of licensed Professional Engineers), Mission (enhances opportunities for the licensed engineer), Values (protection of the public health, safety and welfare above all considerations, ethical and competent practice of engineering), and Goals (enhances the ability of its members and their ability to ethically and professionally practice engineering).

Page 19 of 32 PP No. 171—Design and Construction Contract Provisions ADOPTED: April 2009 LATEST REVISION: XXXX 2015 SUNSET DATE: XXXX 2020 NSPE CONTACT: Board of Directors It is the policy of the National Society of Professional Engineers that engineers should assume duties and responsibilities in professional services contracts (or other agreements) for which engineers have professional competence and expertise, legal and contractual authority, and for which the engineer has appropriate liability insurance and other protections. Contractual provisions such as “indemnification/hold harmless,” “guarantee/warranty,” “liquidated damages,” and other contractual provisions that seek to shift risks from the parties in the best position to assume those risks to the engineer are inappropriate. Clients, contractors, and other parties should understand the role of the engineer in the design and construction process and not seek to impose contractual provisions that undermine the engineer’s responsibility as a licensed professional whose legal and ethical obligation is to protect the public health and safety. NSPE’s position on such provisions is further defined in NSPE Position Statement 1750.

PP-172 - Ethics Following careful review, LQPC has determined that this policy is relevant, up to date and expresses NSPE’s basic and fundamental underlying commitment to engineering ethics. LQPC does not recommend that this PP be submitted to the NSPE membership for input as outlined in NSPE OP 2.14. How does this policy or position support Professional Engineers or Professional Engineering? This PP supports Professional Engineers and Professional Engineering by advocating for the obligation of all professional engineers to practice ethically and in support of the NSPE Code of Ethics. How has this policy or position been utilized or applied in the past? This PP, along with the NSPE Code of Ethics has been utilized to establish and reinforce NSPE and its members strong commitment to ethical conduct to employers, clients, public officials and members of the public. What current purpose does this policy or position serve and why is it still necessary and relevant? (For example, is it required by an MOU? Does it protect the association in some specified manner? Does it provide direction on association action vis-à-vis a current and relevant issue?) This PP serves the purpose of highlighting this essential founding principle of NSPE. At a time when ethics is taking on greater importance within our society and culture, it is important for NSPE to have a clearly established policy on ethics. How does this policy advance and support NSPE’s statement of strategic direction and strategic plan? This PP advances and supports NSPE’s Vision (future focused, responsive, voice and advocate of licensed Professional Engineers), Mission (recognized and authoritative expert on ethics), Values (protection of the public health, safety and welfare above other considerations, ethical competent practice of engineering, commitment to the future of the licensed Professional Engineer) and Goals (enhances the image of its members and their ability to ethically and professionally practice engineering).

PP No. 172—Ethics ADOPTED: April 2009 LATEST REVISION: XXXX 2015 SUNSET DATE: XXXX 2021 NSPE CONTACT: Board of Directors It is the policy of the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) that professional engineers have a moral obligation to engage in the ethical and competent practice of engineering. Professional engineers are members of an important and learned profession and in recognition of their critical role in society, professional engineers are expected to meet standards of honesty and integrity and hold paramount the public health and safety. Professional engineers have a vital and direct impact on the quality of life for all people. The services provided by

Page 20 of 32 professional engineers require competence, impartiality, fairness and equity. These basic ethical principles and others are established and reinforced in the NSPE Code of Ethics for Engineers (NSPE Publication 1102) and are consistent with the ethical and competent practice of engineering and the protection of the public health, safety and welfare above all other considerations.

PP-173 - Industrial Exemption Following careful review, LQPC has determined that this policy is relevant, up to date and expresses NSPE’s ongoing efforts to eliminate, scale back and oppose efforts to expand existing industrial exemption laws. LQPC does not recommend that this PP be submitted to the NSPE membership for input as outlined in NSPE OP 2.14. How does this policy or position support Professional Engineers or Professional Engineering? This PP supports NSPE’s advocacy that all qualified engineers become licensed under state engineering licensure laws and NSPE’s belief that the industry exemption in state should be eliminated. How has this policy or position been utilized or applied in the past? This PP has been utilized recently by NSPE in its successful effort to encourage NCEES to develop a policy to support the elimination of the industry exemption as well as by NSPE state societies to advocate for the elimination of the industry exemption in state PE laws and regulations. What current purpose does this policy or position serve and why is it still necessary and relevant? (For example, is it required by an MOU? Does it protect the association in some specified manner? Does it provide direction on association action vis-à-vis a current and relevant issue?) Virtually every state has an industry exemption either in law or in fact and this PP represents NSPE’s continuing opposition to the industry exemption. How does this policy advance and support NSPE’s statement of strategic direction and strategic plan? This PP advances and supports most if not all elements of NSPE’s Vision, Mission, Values and Goals.

PP No. 173—Industrial Exemptions ADOPTED: April 2011 LATEST REVISION: XXXX 2015 SUNSET DATE: XXXX 2022 NSPE CONTACT: L&QP Committee It is the policy of the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) that all engineers who are in responsible charge of the practice of engineering as defined in the NCEES Model Law and Rules in a manner that potentially impacts the public health, safety, and welfare should be required by all state statutes to be licensed professional engineers. NSPE recommends the phasing out of existing industrial exemptions in state licensing laws.

Page 21 of 32 Group 2. Professional Policies Recommended for Renewal with Amendments as Shown

At the recommendation of the LQPC, the NSPE Board of Directors proposes that the following Professional Policies be renewed with the revisions indicated, setting new sunset dates seven years from the date of House of Delegates approval.

PP-149 - Building Inspection Policy Following careful review, LQPC has determined that this policy is relevant, up to date and serves as important guidance on engineering licensure policy matters at the federal and state levels. Following additional input from the NSPE Board of Directors, LQPC made revisions to this draft PP. LQPC does not recommend that this PP be submitted to the NSPE membership for input as outlined in NSPE OP 2.14. How does this policy or position support Professional Engineers or Professional Engineering? This PP supports individual licensed professional engineers who perform building inspection services and delineates the services performed by legally qualified and experienced licensed professional engineers from other individuals who perform building inspection services. How has this policy or position been utilized or applied in the past? This PP has been utilized before state licensure boards, state legislatures, federal agencies and other associations in support of the legal right and authority of licensed professional engineers to perform building inspection services and to do so unencumbered and without being required to possess and maintain private certifications granted by trade organizations and other groups. What current purpose does this policy or position serve and why is it still necessary and relevant? (For example, is it required by an MOU? Does it protect the association in some specified manner? Does it provide direction on association action vis-à-vis a current and relevant issue?) This PP serves as an important “shield” against efforts by other non-engineering groups to either advocate to solely and exclusively perform what is currently deemed to constitute the “practice of engineering” under various state laws, or to restrict and prevent professional engineers from performing services heretofore deemed to constitute the “practice of engineering”. In addition, this PP is important to NSPE’s ongoing relationship and support to and from the National Academy of Building Inspection Engineers (NABIE), a NSPE Chartered Affinity Group and its members, all of whom are NSPE members. How does this policy advance and support NSPE’s statement of strategic direction and strategic plan? This PP advances and supports NSPE’s Vision (recognized voice and advocate for licensed professional engineers), Mission (authoritative expert in licensure and professional practice), Values (protection of the public, health, safety and welfare, the PE license as the highest standard of professionalism in engineering, teamwork, unity, and fellowship of all PEs across all disciplines) and Goals (enhances the image of its members). PP No. 149—Building Inspection Policy ADOPTED: Unknown LATEST REVISION: XXXX 2015 SUNSET DATE: XXXX 2020 NSPE CONTACT: LQPC It is the policy of the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) that those aspects of building inspections that require the application of engineering principles constitute the practice of engineering and should only be performed by licensed professional engineers performed by or under the direct supervision of a licensed Professional Engineer. Such aspects include, but are not limited to, the evaluation of commercial, industrial, and institutional buildings and residential dwellings, regarding the structural, electrical, plumbing, or mechanical systems.

Page 22 of 32 Further, it is the position of the National Society of Professional Engineers to encourage legislative or administrative regulations that require real estate professionals to provide a home inspector qualification disclosure notice to prospective purchasers of residential real property. This notice shall explain the scope of practice and authority of persons licensed as professional engineers versus persons not licensed as professional engineers offering to provide home inspections. This policy is not intended to prevent or affect: 1. The practice of architecture; 2. The normal or routine inspection of buildings by designated municipal building inspectors or other authorized governmental officials for code compliance; or 3. The identification and reporting of evidence of apparent system failure, defects, or improper performance through observation or normal operation of user controls, provided that, as needed, engineering evaluations are referred to an appropriate licensed professional engineer.

PP-167 – Accident Reconstruction Following careful review, after consultation with the National Academy of Forensic Engineers (NAFE) one of NSPE’s two Chartered Affinity Groups, LQPC believes this Professional Policy as written accurately and substantively reflects NSPE and NAFE’s position that accident reconstruction services constitute the practice of engineering. LQPC is recommending a minor addition to distinguish Professional Engineers from others. LQPC does not recommend that this PP be submitted to the NSPE membership for input as outlined in NSPE OP 2.14. How does this policy or position support Professional Engineers or Professional Engineering? This PP supports Professional Engineers and Professional Engineering by advocating for the role of Professional Engineers in providing accident reconstruction services performed by many professional engineers in connection with investigations leading to litigation and expert witness analysis and testimony. How has this policy or position been utilized or applied in the past? This PP has been successfully used by NSPE state societies and other groups to oppose efforts to laws that both (1) require individuals to be licensed as private investigator/private detectives in order to perform accident reconstruction services and (2) prohibit individuals not licensed as private investigator/private detective from performing services heretofore considered the practice of engineering under state laws. What current purpose does this policy or position serve and why is it still necessary and relevant? (For example, is it required by an MOU? Does it protect the association in some specified manner? Does it provide direction on association action vis-à-vis a current and relevant issue?) There continue to be efforts to restrict engineering practice as described under b. and NSPE must be vigilant in its efforts to oppose such restrictions. In addition, this PP was enacted in support of the National Academy of Forensic Engineer (NAFE), a NSPE Chartered Affinity Group, and its members, all of whom are NSPE members. How does this policy advance and support NSPE’s statement of strategic direction and strategic plan? This PP advances and supports NSPE’s Vision (member centric, advocate of licensed Professional Engineers), Mission (authoritative expert on licensure and professional practice), Values (PE license as the highest standard of professionalism in engineering, teamwork, unity, and fellowship of all PEs across all disciplines).

PP No. 167—Accident Reconstruction ADOPTED: July 2001 LATEST REVISION: XXXX 2015 SUNSET DATE: XXXX 2021 NSPE CONTACT: LQPC It is the policy of the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) to support all efforts to improve forensic investigations, analysis and reporting, including depositional or court testimony when necessary, related to accidents

Page 23 of 32 involving property damage, bodily injury, or loss of life. Professional engineering services that are provided when such accidents occur in the highway environment are sometimes called “Accident Reconstruction” services. To better serve the public interest, NSPE supports the improved training of police officers and other individuals who provide field observations, take measurements and photographs, and gather and preserve evidence, all of which are needed in support of engineering and other analysis during the legal process. However, such training of police officers and other individuals does not constitute engineering education or experience and does not qualify police officers and others to perform engineering services. A professional engineer brings into the Accident Reconstruction other skills, experience, and competency that a non-engineer lacks. “Accident Reconstructionist” certification programs that are offered by private organizations to police officers and other individuals who do not possess the necessary engineering education or experience do not serve the public interest. Federal, state and local courts, as well as others involved in the legal process, should view with great caution efforts by such private groups to promote acceptance of “Accident Reconstructionist” certification titles as evidence of expert qualification. NSPE opposes efforts by “Accident Reconstructionist” certification organizations to establish by legislation or government regulation such certifications as a minimum requirement for any accident investigation or analysis. Such efforts, if successful, would constitute an unwarranted restriction upon the practice of engineering.

Page 24 of 32 Group 3. Professional Policy and Position Statements Recommended for Member Outreach and Input Prior to Final Action

At the recommendation of the LQPC, the NSPE Board of Directors proposes that the Society conduct member outreach and seek member input on LQPC’s recommended amendments and renewal of Professional Policy 168 (along with the associated position Statements 1737 and 1739).

OP 2.14: “Procedure for Input to NSPE Position Statements & Professional Policies” describes the process to be utilized.

PP-168 - Engineering Education Requirements LQPC carefully considered the views of members of the NSPE Board of Directors. Reference to engineering “students” was changed to “licensure candidates”. LQPC also deleted the 3rd paragraph on specialty certification programs. LQPC believes NSPE’s long-standing support for voluntary post licensure specialty certification is adequately covered in NSPE Position Statement 1737 - Licensure and Qualifications for Practice. Following subsequent careful review, LQPC unanimously determined that Professional Policy 168 should be adopted as revised, following submission to the NSPE membership for input as outlined in NSPE OP 2.14. LQPC believes that the proposed revisions offer an improved pathway to professional licensure for future professional engineers and would provide NSPE with a leadership position on this important profession-wide issue. How does this policy or position support Professional Engineers or Professional Engineering? This PP supports Professional Engineers and Professional Engineering by addressing the ongoing need to increase and enhance engineering education for licensure as a professional engineer. How has this policy or position been utilized or applied in the past? This PP has been utilized in support of efforts to change engineering licensure laws to require a master’s degree or the equivalent for licensure as a professional engineer for future licensure candidates. The changes being proposed by LQPC will permit NSPE to remain a significant player in ongoing profession-wide discussions on the additional education issue. What current purpose does this policy or position serve and why is it still necessary and relevant? (For example, is it required by an MOU? Does it protect the association in some specified manner? Does it provide direction on association action vis-à-vis a current and relevant issue?) The NSPE LQPC recognizes that there has been a mix of opposition and support within NSPE since this PP it was enacted by the NSPE Board of Directors approximately 15 years ago. LQPC also is aware that NCEES recently removed language requiring the master’s degree or equivalent for licensure candidates beginning 2020 from the NCEES Model Law and that a special NCEES task force will be making recommendations to the NCEES Council in the near future on this issue. As a result, in order to encourage NSPE to remain relevant and engaged in these important ongoing profession-wide discussions, LQPC is recommending revisions to this PP. How does this policy advance and support NSPE’s statement of strategic direction and strategic plan? This PP advances and supports NSPE’s Vision (serving as the recognized voice and advocate of licensed Professional Engineers), Mission (serves as the recognized and authoritative expert in licensure and professional practice, protects and enhances the value of licensure and the opportunities for the licensed engineer), Values (the PE license as the highest standard of professional growth, commitment to the future of the licensed Professional Engineer) and Goals (education).

Page 25 of 32 PP No. 168—Engineering Education Requirements for Licensure ADOPTED: 2002 LATEST REVISION: XXXX 2015 SUNSET DATE: XXXX 2022 NSPE CONTACT: LQPC With the continuing rapid expansion of knowledge required to practice in the basic as well as the many specialized areas of engineering, NSPE believes that additional engineering education, beyond the four year ABET/EAC degree, will be required in order to meet the formal academic preparation necessary for the practice of engineering at the professional level (licensure) in the 21st century. Therefore, NSPE supports the concept of engineering students licensure candidates meeting additional academic requirements as a prerequisite for licensure and practice of engineering at the professional level. Possible Future additional requirements could should include options for both formal education (such as a master’s degree in an engineering discipline) or alternative approaches (such as a baccalaureate degree plus additional course- work, or profession and industry-based professional development) a master's degree or equivalent. In addition, NSPE supports the near term implementation of specialty certification programs beyond engineering licensure in appropriate engineering disciplines. Such specialty certification programs should require a master's degree or equivalent, additional specialized experience and documentation of technical proficiency in that discipline.

PS 1737 - Licensure and Qualifications for Practice2 Following careful review and with significant input from PEHE, LQPC has determined that this Position Statement is relevant, but requires updates and corrections relating to references to ABET accreditation, better accuracy regarding enforcement actions and the waiving certain provisions for engineering faculty and others. The section on Enforcement was deleted, as NSPE and its state societies do not have any direct role in state engineering licensure law enforcement matters. This Position Statement has been reviewed by the NSPE General Counsel in accordance with NSPE OP 11.1 and the NSPE General Counsel has determined that the Position Statement does not conflict with a NSPE Professional Policy, law or other legal standard and that the Position Statement comports with the definition of a Position Statement as defined in NSPE OP 11.1. This Position Statement should sunset two years from the date approved by NSPE Board of Directors. Although LQPC did not believe this Position Statement required NSPE member outreach and input, the NSPE Board of Directors has determined that, because it so closely related to PP 168, it should be considered in conjunction with the member outreach and input on that Professional Policy. How does this policy or position support Professional Engineers or Professional Engineering? This PS supports Professional Engineers and Professional Engineering by advocating key NSPE engineering licensure issues such as uniformity of laws, generic PE licensure (as opposed to discipline specific licensure), qualifications for practice (education, experience, waiver of the FE examination for individuals with a Ph.D.), the significance of engineering certification programs and the title “Engineer Intern.” How has this policy or position been utilized or applied in the past? This PS has been and continues to be utilized in NSPE and state society advocacy on engineering licensure and rule modifications as well as NSPE’s interaction and input to the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (NCEES).

2 The procedures governing creation, amendment and sunset of Position Statements are addressed by Operating Procedure 11.1: “Position Statements (OP 92).” Procedures governing member outreach and input are the same for Positions Statements and Professional Policies, and are addressed in Operating Procedure 2.14: “Procedure for Input to NSPE Position Statements & Professional Policies.” Both Operating Procedures are included in the Appendices to this report.

Page 26 of 32 What current purpose does this policy or position serve and why is it still necessary and relevant? (For example, is it required by an MOU? Does it protect the association in some specified manner? Does it provide direction on association action vis-à-vis a current and relevant issue?) This PS serves an important function in setting forth NSPE’s position on engineering licensure matters as state engineering licensure laws and rules and the NCEES Model Law and rules evolve and change. How does this policy advance and support NSPE’s statement of strategic direction and strategic plan? This PS advances and supports most if not all of NSPE’s Vision, Mission, Value and Goals.

NSPE Position Statement No. 1737—Licensure and Qualifications for Practice ADOPTED: July 1999 LATEST REVISION: XXXX 2015 SUNSET DATE: XXXX 2017 NSPE CONTACT: Licensure and Qualifications for Practice Committee The licensing or registration of engineers in the United States and its jurisdictions has been a key goal of NSPE since its founding in 1934. This position statement is made to expand and detail NSPE's Professional Policy No. 152, Licensure and Qualifications for Practice. Engineering Licensure "Licensure as a professional engineer" is the statutory process through which a person meets the legal requirements sufficient to be permitted by law to practice engineering in that jurisdiction. Licensing and registration are the terms used, often interchangeably, in the state statutes to establish these requirements. State licensure laws for design professionals are predicated upon and justified only as a means to protect the public health, safety, and welfare. The public interest is best served by the licensure of all qualified individuals within the engineering profession. Licensure Law NSPE endorses enactment of uniform licensure laws in all jurisdictions. The National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (NCEES) has developed Model Laws as guides for use by engineering licensure (registration) boards and legislatures in the interest of achieving uniform laws for the licensure of engineers in all jurisdictions. NSPE endorses the NCEES Model Law definitions of the "practice of engineering" and the "practice of land surveying" and encourages enactment of Model Law provisions. NSPE endorses and supports the concept of licensure of engineers only as a "professional engineer" and opposes licensure status by designated branches or specialties. Qualifications NSPE encourages the adoption of the following provisions in all jurisdictions: a) Establish the bachelor's degree in engineering from a program accredited by the Accreditation Board of Engineering and Technology/Engineering Accreditation Commission (ABET/EAC) or one assessed by ABET/EAC as substantially comparable, as the base educational requirement for licensure. NSPE supports the establishment of additional academic requirements beyond the bachelor’s degree, such as a master’s degree or equivalent, as a prerequisite for licensure and practice of engineering at the professional level as outlined in NSPE Professional Policy No. 168. b) Pass the Fundamentals of Engineering and Principles and Practice examinations as prepared and administered by NCEES. NSPE encourages all eligible students to take and pass the NCEES Fundamentals of Engineering examination prior to graduation. c) Obtain at least four years of professional experience after the degree described above, with experience credit allowed for graduate study of engineering or teaching of advanced engineering subjects in an ABET/EAC- accredited engineering program curriculum. d) Permit an nonlicensed individual who holds both a degree from an ABET/EAC-accredited undergraduate

Page 27 of 32 engineering degree program or its equivalent and a Ph.D. from an engineering program that is ABET/EAC accredited at the undergraduate level an earned doctoral degree in engineering or related science, from an institution that offers ABET/EAC accredited programs, to be excused from taking the Fundamentals of Engineering examination. e) Engineering faculty who hold a degree from an ABET/EAC accredited undergraduate degree program, or hold a Ph.D. in engineering from an institution that offers an ABET/EAC accredited undergraduate degree program, should be excused from taking the Fundamentals of Engineering exam. Enforcement NSPE and its state societies should take an active role in assisting state licensure (registration) boards in the enforcement and disciplinary provisions assigned by statute. Certification Programs Following licensure as a professional engineer, individuals may voluntarily have their expertise in a specified field of engineering recognized through an appropriate specialty certification program. Such certification must not imply that other licensed professional engineers are less qualified for practice in a particular field of specialty. Professional engineering licensure is the only qualification for engineering practice. NSPE and its state societies will actively oppose attempts to enact any local, state, or federal legislation or rule that would mandate certification in lieu of or beyond licensure as a legal requirement for the performance of engineering services. Professional Engineer Intern To more adequately reflect the educational achievement of candidates for licensure and their progression toward professional engineer status, NSPE supports the use of the title engineer intern (EI), formerly engineer in training (EIT), and will exercise its influence to secure appropriate changes in the statutes and literature of the profession to include the new title.

PS 1739 - Engineering Education3 Following careful review with significant input from the Professional Engineers in Higher Education and others, LQPC has determined that this Position Statement is relevant, but requires technical corrections, removal of a reference to a now defunct NSPE Professional Policy (PP 14), deletion of introductory wording, deletion of outdated reference to administration of schools of engineering, inclusion of references to Life Long Learning and the NSPE Engineering Body of Knowledge. LQPC carefully weighed the additional views of members of the NSPE Board of Directors and to the points raised and as a clarification, although a candidate for engineering licensure may have taken and passed the NCEES Principles and Practice of Engineering (PPE) Examination prior to completing four years of acceptable engineering experience, an engineering license is not issued until it is demonstrated that the required number of years of experience have been attained and have been confirmed by references. This Position Statement has been reviewed by the NSPE General Counsel in accordance with NSPE OP 11.1 and the NSPE General Counsel has determined that the Position Statement does not conflict with a NSPE Professional Policy, law or other legal standard and that the Position Statement comports with the definition of a Position Statement as defined in NSPE OP 11.1. This Position Statement should sunset two years from the date approved by NSPE Board of Directors. LQPC does not believe this Position Statement requires NSPE member input.

3 The procedures governing creation, amendment and sunset of Position Statements are addressed by Operating Procedure 11.1: “Position Statements (OP 92).” Procedures governing member outreach and input are the same for Positions Statements and Professional Policies, and are addressed in Operating Procedure 2.14: “Procedure for Input to NSPE Position Statements & Professional Policies.” Both Operating Procedures are included in the Appendices to this report.

Page 28 of 32 Although LQPC did not believe this Position Statement required NSPE member outreach and input, the NSPE Board of Directors has determined that, because it so closely related to PP 168, it should be considered in conjunction with the member outreach and input on that Professional Policy. How does this policy or position support Professional Engineers or Professional Engineering? This PS supports Professional Engineers and Professional Engineering by setting forth and advocating NSPE’s position on various current engineering education public policy issues, including improvements to graduate education, inclusion of professionalism and ethics in engineering curriculum, the role of the private sector in supporting engineering education, the importance of career guidance, support for the professional schools concept, the need for life-long learning and promotion of NSPE’s engineering body of knowledge. How has this policy or position been utilized or applied in the past? This PS has been utilized as part of NSPE and NSPE state society ongoing initiatives at the federal and state levels in support of engineering educational reform and in ongoing liaison with ABET, Inc., the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE), the National Academy of Engineering (NAE), the National Science Foundation (NSF) and other engineering education-focused organizations. What current purpose does this policy or position serve and why is it still necessary and relevant? (For example, is it required by an MOU? Does it protect the association in some specified manner? Does it provide direction on association action vis-à-vis a current and relevant issue?) This PS serves an important role in capturing important NSPE positions in the area of engineering education. How does this policy advance and support NSPE’s statement of strategic direction and strategic plan? This PS advances and supports NSPE’s Vision (future focused and responsive organization), Mission (protects and enhances the value of licensure and the opportunities for the licensed engineer), Values (innovation through the creative application of math, science and engineering, continuous learning for professional growth, commitment to the future of the licensed Professional Engineer), Goals (Through education, outreach…)

NSPE Position Statement No. 1739—Engineering Education ADOPTED: July 2000 LATEST REVISION: XXXX 2015 SUNSET DATE: XXXX 2017 NSPE CONTACT: PEE Practice Division PEHE Interest Group According to Professional Policy No. 14 of the The National Society of Professional Engineers, considers engineering education is considered to be the foundation of the engineering profession. As such, all NSPE members, committees and task forces, and especially the Professional Engineers in Higher Education interest group Practice Division shall are expected to actively assist in establishing appropriate professional aims and objectives for engineering education. The following position was has been prepared by NSPE to guide such proactive efforts. This position was developed for PP 14 and was revised and reaffirmed many times by action of the Executive Committee and Board of Directors of NSPE. [Refer also to PS 1766 “Engineering Faculty Licensure”.] 1. Scope of Engineering Education The National Society of Professional Engineers believes engineering educational programs must prepare graduates for the practice of engineering at a professional level. These programs should include certain elements that distinguish the engineering function, namely, the analysis, design, and synthesis of engineering systems. NSPE further believes that basic and advanced programs of study should be designed to provide engineering graduates with competent technical and managerial skills as well as broad, cultural education in the humanities and social sciences. This will enable engineers to provide the technical and managerial leadership in industry, government, and society needed to fulfill the engineering profession’s public purpose. Further, NSPE favors limited experimentation and encourages schools to develop creative and imaginative programs as new approaches to engineering education. 2. Graduate Study

Page 29 of 32 The National Society of Professional Engineers recommends graduate study for qualified students in either or both advanced engineering or engineering management. 3. Professionalism and Ethics The National Society of Professional Engineers strongly believes that engineering curricula should incorporate instruction designed to inculcate instill engineering students with professional concepts. This instruction should emphasize the primary purpose of the profession as being the pursuit of a learned art in the spirit of public service. The sense of professionalism should convey the responsibility to evaluate the impact of the opportunity and obligation of the practitioner, to be in concert with peers, guide, and direct the profession. Although a specific course may or may not be provided for this purpose, bringing professional concepts to the attention of the student should be the a responsibility of all engineering faculty. 4. Support by Government The National Society of Professional Engineers believes that state and federal financial and other assistance and major tax incentives to support engineering education are warranted in the following areas: a) Graduate study and research through the doctoral level of engineering. b) Research and study for advanced nondegree engineering programs. c) Faculty, facilities, and equipment which enable engineering schools to meet their responsibilities for high quality engineering graduates. d) Facilities and equipment to establish or expand technical institutes and colleges at the post- secondary school level for the education of engineering technicians and technologists. e) Undergraduate engineering and technical institute study, including assistance to students studying in these areas who have demonstrated ability and who can establish financial need. a. Any federal financial aid which may be extended in support of these areas should be made available to all educational institutions having ABET-accredited programs in recognition that the national interest requires the services of all qualified institutions to meet educational requirements. State financial assistance should be extended to ABET-accredited programs in educational institutions. 5. Support by Private Sector The National Society of Professional Engineers believes that those in the private sector have a large stake in the improvement of the engineering colleges from which they draw their talent for research, design, and management. All NSPE members should attempt to interest those in the private sector in assisting education in general, and engineering education in particular. Examples of ways in which industry can render assistance are: a) Grants for general use in engineering education. b) Contributions of and donations for equipment. c) Sponsored research projects. d) Employment of faculty members as consultants or summertime employees. e) Fellowships to graduate students, half going to the individual, and half to the college, the latter to provide the difference between the actual cost of the student’s education and the tuition paid. Scholarships to undergraduate students may be on the same basis as above. f) Providing opportunity for qualified personnel from industry to teach in the engineering colleges. g) Funds to support attendance of engineering students at professional society meetings. h) Funds to support projects of professional societies directed to guidance of young people, student professional development, and other programs implemented at the secondary school and college levels. i) Tuition and materials expense reimbursement to employees who are part- or full-time students in employer- approved courses or curricula. 6. Administration of Schools of Engineering

Page 30 of 32 It is the policy of the National Society of Professional Engineers to oppose the combining of engineering and nonengineering degree-granting programs into a single administrative unit. The Society believes that such combinations are adverse to the professional character of schools of engineering and that engineering educators, being professionals, operate most effectively in a professional engineering climate under professional engineering leadership. 7. Career Guidance It is the policy of the National Society of Professional Engineers to assist school administrators, teachers, counselors, students, and parents in becoming acquainted with the engineering profession; to encourage qualified and interested students to consider an engineering career; and to work to improve and expand the teaching of science and mathematics in the elementary and secondary schools. Career guidance should continue through college level. It should offer information about changing opportunities within the engineering profession, including the need to prepare for managerial duties that may present themselves. NSPE activities should include guidance for prospective engineering technicians and technologists in the same manner that guidance activities are conducted for prospective professional engineers. (See related PP No. 128— Technology/Engineering.) NSPE believes that in considering various occupations, students at junior and senior high schools, community colleges, or engineering schools need an understanding of the general area in which engineers and scientists and their supporting colleagues work. Accordingly, NSPE advocates use of the following definitions as a sound basis for distinguishing between the fundamental characteristics of the various occupations: Engineer—The engineer applies knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences gained by study, experience, and practice to develop ways to economically utilize the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of humankind. Scientist—The scientist discovers and systematically investigates the fundamental laws of nature and defines the principles which govern them. Engineering Manager—The engineering manager employs the art and science of planning, organizing, directing, allocating resources (including personnel) for, and controlling activities which have a technological component. Engineering Technologist—The engineering technologist applies scientific and engineering knowledge and methods combined with technical skills in support of engineering activities. The technologist’s occupation lies in the spectrum between the craftsman and the engineer at the end of the spectrum closest to the engineer. The engineering technologist works in support of and under the technical direction of professional engineers or scientists. (See related PP No. 66—The Engineering Team.) Engineering Technician—The engineering technician carries out in a responsible manner either proven techniques which are common knowledge among those who are expert in a particular technology or are especially prescribed by a professional engineer, and which are mastered through experience in the field or in educational laboratory situations. The engineering technician works in support of and under the technical direction of professional engineers, scientists, or engineering technologists. (See related PP No. 66.) Craftsman—The craftsman uses manual skills obtained through experience to convert engineering drawings and instructions to tangible objects for humankind’s use. 86.Professional Schools of Engineering It is the policy of the National Society of Professional Engineers to urge all segments of the engineering profession to seek the highest standards of preparation for engineering practice. The enhancement of engineering education is clearly in the interest of protecting the health, safety, and welfare of the public and therefore a worthy objective of a learned profession. Recognizing the diversity of engineering education programs existing in the United States, NSPE does hereby adopt the following definition of a Professional School of Engineering: NSPE recognizes the need for broadened educational preparation of persons entering the engineering profession

Page 31 of 32 and the importance of innovative and creative approaches to the use of technology for the benefit of mankind within certain environmental constraints and yet provide improved quality of life for all. Recognizing the diversity of engineering education programs existing in the United States, NSPE does hereby adopt the following definition of a Professional School of Engineering: A Professional School of Engineering is a recognized educational unit which provides formal engineering education beyond the baccalaureate degree. The unit operates programs under the direction of qualified practitioners, with appropriate academic and nonacademic experience, and provides elements of general, scientific, and professional education within guidelines established by the profession. NSPE urges increased commitment of the profession to further the development of engineering educational units, including faculty, facilities, and programs, as they strive to meet the needs of society for well- qualified engineering manpower. NSPE believes that faculty who teach advanced engineering topics should be licensed professional engineers. 7. Lifelong Learning NSPE believes that engineering education is, and should be, a lifelong learning experience. The universe of engineering knowledge continues to expand with time. Just as evolving technical precepts are integrated into classroom instruction, so too the practicing engineer must grow in knowledge to remain effective and competitive. That portion of the life long learning experience which follows formal engineering education is referred to as continuing professional development. It is the position of NSPE that continuing professional development in a prescribed, but flexible, form should be a condition precedent for periodic renewal of the license to practice engineering. It is the position of NSPE that jurisdictions should accept the precept that an engineer who has fulfilled continuing professional development requirements in one jurisdiction has satisfied the continuing professional development obligation in all jurisdictions. Under this precept, each state and territorial jurisdiction would recognize as being “substantially equivalent” the continuing professional development standards of all other jurisdictions for the purpose of licensing by comity. 8. Engineering Body of Knowledge NSPE believes it is proper for the Society to identify what it considers to be the scope of knowledge, skills and attitudes appropriate for the engineer to enter practice as a professional engineer in responsible charge of engineering activities. To that extent, NSPE has published the “NSPE Engineering Body of Knowledge” to publically disseminate those beliefs. A number of technical societies have published similar documents. The Engineering Body of Knowledge may be considered the totality of knowledge gained from a combination of formal engineering education, continuing professional development education, and experience education in which an engineer should be proficient within his or her practice areas when entering professional practices at the point of “responsible charge”. It is the position of NSPE that all engineers should read and become familiar with the NSPE Engineering Body of Knowledge and with those BOK’s published by the technical societies to which they belong, and that the precepts embodied should be considered by engineers in developing their chosen professional practice paths. Reference: PP No. 14, “Engineering Education” PP No. 128, “Technology/Engineering” PP No. 66, “The Engineering Team” NSPE Board of Directors Resolution 92-7 (January 1992)

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