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Systems Reference Library File No. 1620/1710-01 Form A26-5706-3 Systems Reference Library IBM 1620 Central Processing Unit, Model 1 This manual contains the basic programming and operating information required to use the 1620 Central Processing Unit, Modell, as the computer element of the IBM 1620 Data Process­ ing System and the IBM 1710 Control System. The text includes: All program instructions for the 1620 Central Processing U nit (cpu) Modell, including those for the following IBM units: 1311 Disk Storage Drive, 1443 Printer, 1621 Paper Tape Unit, 1622 Card Read-Punch, and 1627 Plotter. (In­ structions peculiar to the 1710 System are explained in the 1710 manual referred to below.) 1620 Operator's Console Modell, including the console input/output typewriter. 1620 8-track paper tape coding and IBM 80-column card coding. Console operating procedures and program load routines. The reader is referred to the following publications for details concerning the input/output and auxiliary units of the 1620 and 1710 Systems: IBM 1311 Disk Storage Drive A26-5991 IBM 1443 Printer A26-5730 IBM 1621 Paper Tape Unit A26-5836 IBM 1622 Card Read-Punch A26-5835 IBM 1623 Core Storage A26-5856 IBM 1627 Plotter A26-5710 IBM 1710 Control System A26-5709 This is a reprint of an earlier publication; it incorporates the following Technical Newsletters: Form No. Pages Dated N26-0116 24,26,46 4/1/65 N26-0130 80 7/19/65 Copies of this and other IBM publications can be obtained through IBM Branch Offices. Comments concerning the contents of this publication may be addressed to: IBM, Product Publications Department, San Jose, Calif. 95114 © 1962,1964 by International Business Machines Corporation ii Contents Page Page IBM 1620 Data Processing System 1 Program Testing '" 67 Instruction (I) Cycle 67 1620 Data Processing Unit, Modell 3 Execution (E) Cycle 68 Data Representation ................. 3 Arithmetic Operations 68 Magnetic Core Storage 4 Internal Data Transmission 73 Character Representation ............... 6 Input/Output Data Flow 73 1620 Data Flow ..... 74 1620 Instructions . .... 7 Stored Program Concept 7 Appendix A - Instruction Summary 76 Instruction Characteristics 7 Indirect Addressing 9 Appendix B - Arithmetic Tables ... 78 Instruction Types 12 Arithmetic Instructions 12 Automatic Division 17 Appendix C - Data, Format, Location, Automatic Floating Point Operations 23 Codes and Registers 80 Compare Instructions ....... 29 Branch Instructions ........ 30 Appendix D - Significance of P and Q Internal Data Transmission Instructions 34 Addresses . ....... 82 Additional Instructions ........ 36 Input/Output Instructions ......... 39 1311 Disk Storage Drive Instructions 43 Appendix E - IBM Card 84 Program Control Instructions ........ 51 Appendix F - 1621 Paper Tape 86 Console Typewriter 52 Types of Tape Splices ..... 87 1620 Console .... 55 Appendix G - Program Load Routine 89 Control, Switches, Keys and Signal Lights 55 Paper Tape Load Routine 89 Program Switches and Indicators ... 57 Card Load Routine 90 1620 Console Operating Procedure 64 Index 92 iii IBM 1620 Data Processing System The IBM 1620 Data Processing System is an electronic The 1311 Disk Storage Drive provides unlimited computer system designed for scientific and techno­ random access storage for the cpu. Information stored logical applications. The use of solid-state circuit on removable disk packs is available within milli­ components and the availability of from 20,000 to seconds ( a millisecond (ms) is one thousandth of a 60,000 positions of core storage provide the 1620 second). Each disk pack has a storage capacity of System with the capacity, reliability, and speed to 2,000,000 characters. The disk packs are easily inter­ solve problems that in the past have required the use changed by the operator. of larger and more expensive data processing systems. Data and instructions entered into the system are Actually, there are two 1620 Data Processing Systems, placed in core storage as decimal digits. Each position the 1620 Modell and the 1620 Model 2. This manual, of core storage can be addressed individually and as its title infers, is concerned with the 1620-1. Infor­ can store one digit of information by the use of a 6-bit mation on the 1620-2 is available in the IBM publica­ Binary-Coded-Decimal (BCD) code. The addressing tion, A26-5781. Briefly, however, the 1620-2 consists system provides for the selection of any digit, or of the 1620-2 Central Processing Unit (cpu) and the group of digits, in core storage. As a standard feature, 1625 Core Storage Unit. The 1620-2, which uses the the 1620 computer processes alphabetic and special same input/output units as the 1620-1, possesses up characters. to four times the computing and processing speeds of The arithmetic and logic section of the computer is the 1620-1. The operating features of both systems direct~d by the stored program. The computer uses are almost identical and with the exception of the a 2-address instruction format. Each 12-digit instruc­ 1620-2 special features, Index Registers and Binary tion includes a 2-digit operation code and two 5-digit Capabilities, complete programming compatibility addresses. Use of the 2-address format and automatic exists between the two. Thus, a user whose initial sequential execution of the programmed instructions requirements are within the range of the 1620-1 can, simplifies programming and reduces the number of with a minimum of effort, transfer his expanding work instructions required to solve a problem. The se­ load to the 1620-2. quence of operations may be altered at any point in The units of the 1620 System-and henceforth, we the program by unconditional or conditional branch are concerned only with Model I-are as follows: instructions. Conditional branch instructions provide The 1620 CPU is the controlling unit of the system; logical decisions through tests performed on a system it contains arithmetic and logic circuitry, twenty­ of indicators and switches set by the computer or by thousand positions of core storage, an operator's con­ the operator. sole, and a console input/output typewriter. Addition, subtraction, and multiplication operations The 1621 Paper Tape Unit reads and punches are accomplished by a table look-up method, in which 8-track paper tape. Add and Multiply tables located in specified areas of The 1622 Card Read-Punch reads and punches core storage are referred to automatically when arith­ 80-column cards. metic operations are being performed. Division is The 1443 Printer provides up to 120 or 144 char­ accomplished by a division subroutine or by the acters per line of printed output. Automatic Divide special feature. The 1627 Plotter provides a graphic output of The IBM 1620 is a variable field length computer. digital data. The shorte~t admissible field is two digits (a field is The 1623 Core Storage Unit provides 20,000 or a unit of information composed of related consecu­ 40,000 additional core storage positions for the CPU. tively addressed digits); the longest field can be All core storage data is available at random-no any number of digits within the capacity of available sequential searching for the desired data is required core storage positions. Not only can data fields - and within microseconds (a microsecond, f.Lsec, is be stored in core storage in varying sizes, but these one millionth of a second). same variable fields can also serve as factors in all 1 arithmetic operations without being edited for size system except by special order.) Maximum output or position. Accuracy of results is ensured by auto­ speeds are: matic validity checking which operates when the data enters, exits, or is processed inside the system. 1443 Model 1-430 lines per minute The operator's console includes control keys, 1443 Model 2-600 lines per minute switches, indicators, and an input/output typewriter. 1621-15 characters per second The control keys and switches are used for manual 1622 Model 1-125 cards per minute and/or automatic operation of the system. The indi­ 1622 Model 2-250 cards per minute cators provide visual indication of the status of various 1627 Model 1-18,000 steps per minute (11 inch registers, program indicators, and input/output units. horizontal plot) The typewriter enables operator entry of data and 1627 Model 2-12,000 steps per minute (2m~ inch instructions into core storage; it also provides a per­ horizontal plot) manent log of operator intervention during program Console typewriter-10 characters per second operation. As an output unit, the typewriter provides operator-oriented messages of job progress and detail. Information is entered into the system via the The 1443 and 1622 units contain buffer storage following input units: 1621 Paper Tape Unit, 1622 media, which enables CPU operation concurrent with Card Read-Punch, 1311 Disk Storage Drive, and the printing, card reading, and card punching. When console typewriter. Maximum input speeds are: printing and/or punching, the CPU transfers the out­ 1621-150 characters per second put data from core storage to the 1443 print buffer 1622 Model 1-250 cards per minute and the 1622 punch buffer in 8.06 ms and 3.4 ms, 1622 Model 2-500 cards per minute respectively, and then continues program operation 1311-100 characters (one sector of data) per 2 while the line is being printed and the card is being ms. Seek time (the time required to move punched. Simultaneously, the data from a card in the the read/write heads to the desired disk 1622 read feed can be read into the read buffer. track) is 75 ms minimum, 250 ms average, Following loading of the read buffer, the CPU transfers and 392 ms maximum. This time is zero if the the card data to core storage and then continues proc­ heads are already located at the proper essing while the next card is being read into the read disk track.
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