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Inter-Agency Consultative Group for Space Science (IACG) Handbook Of Inter-Agency Consultative Group for Space Science (IACG) Handbook of Missions and Payloads May 1994 Inter-Agency Consultative Group (IACG) Handbook of IACG Missions and Payloads May 1994 Table of Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................... iii Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) ......................................................................... 1 Akebono ........................................................................................................................... 6 APEX ............................................................................................................................. 11 Cluster ............................................................................................................................ 13 CORONAS .................................................................................................................... 19 Fast ................................................................................................................................. 23 Galileo ............................................................................................................................ 25 Geotail ............................................................................................................................ 36 GOES ............................................................................................................................. 40 Interball .......................................................................................................................... 43 International Sun-Earth Explorer-3 (ISEE-3), now ICE ................................................ 50 Interplanetary Monitoring Platform-8 (IMP-8) .............................................................. 55 Mars-94 .......................................................................................................................... 59 LANL Geosynchronous Spacecraft ............................................................................... 63 Pioneer 10 ..................................................................................................................... 65 Polar ............................................................................................................................... 69 Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) ................................................................ 75 Solar, Anomalous, and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer (SAMPEX) ........................ 80 Spartan .......................................................................................................................... 83 Ulysses .......................................................................................................................... 86 Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) ............................................................. 91 Voyager .......................................................................................................................... 97 Wind ............................................................................................................................. 101 Yohkoh ........................................................................................................................ 106 Appendices: Principal Investigators listed alphabetically Principal Investigators listed by mission ii ! Preface The Interagency Consultative Group for Space Science (IACG) is an informal organization of space scientists from four major space organizations: ESA (Europe), IKI (Russia), ISAS (Japan) and NASA (USA). After its stunning success coordinating the Comet Halley encounters in 1986, the IACG selected Solar-Terrestrial Science as its next major space science discipline for coordinated attack. In 1993, the IACG specifically recommended that the membership and activities of the IACG science working group be expanded to include study of the three- dimensional heliosphere to recognize the unique opportunity presented by the operation of eleven solar observatories and heliospheric missions. The imminent and singular pole-to-pole pass of Ulysses over the Sun during solar activity minimum in 1994 and 1995 make this coordination particularly urgent. The mission set of interest to IACG has expanded, and it has been some time since mission information was Updated and compiled in one publication. Thus, this booklet brings together basic updated information about IACG missions expected to be involved in the IACG campaigns currently being planned. Older missions that are no longer active have been omitted, and some future missions for which we have inadequate information are also omitted. We request information on such future missions which are in the IACG Mission Set (See Table I), and we ask principal scientists to bring any errors to our attention so that we may correct them in subsequent printings. Elden Whipple, Chairman, IACG WG-1 (Science) Space Physics Division, NASA Headquarters Washington, DC May 1994 o,° I!1 Table 1: The IACG Mission Set Number of Mission Spacecraft Asency Launch Part I. Core Missions Geotail 1 ISAS/NASA July 1992 Wind 1 NASA 1994 Polar 1 NASA 1995 Interball 4 Intercosmos 1994-95 Solar & Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) 1 ESA/NASA July 1995 Cluster 4 ESA/NASA Dec 1995 Part II. Complementary Missions Interplanetary Monitoring Platform (IMP-8) 1 NASA Oct 1973 Dynamics Explorer (DE) 1 NASA Aug 1981 Geostationary Operational 2 in orbit D-H: 1980-87 Environmental Satellite (GOES) NOAA I-M: 1993-03 LANL Geosynchronous Spacecraft 3 LANL 1989-91 Akebono (formerly EXOS-D) 1 ISAS Feb 1989 Active 2 Intercosmos Sept 1989 APEX 2 Intercosmos Dec 1991 Relict-2 1 Intercosmos late 1995 Yohkoh 1 ISAS Aug 1991 Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite 0dARS) 1 NASA Sept 1991 CORONAS-I 1 IZMIRAN 1992 SAMPEX 1 NASA June 1992 SPARTAN 1 NASA April 1993 Fast 1 NASA Sept 1993 CORONAS-F 1 IZMIRAN 1994 ACE 1 NASA 1996 Part HI. Spacecraft in Heliocentric Orbits Pioneer 10 1 NASA March 1972 Voyagers 2 NASA Aug/Sept 1978 International Cometary Explorer (ICE) 1 NASA Aug 1978 Sakigake 1 ISAS Jan 1985 SuiSei 1 ISAS Aug 1985 Galileo 1 NASA/FRG Oct 1989 Ulysses 1 ESA/NASA Oct 1990 Mars -94 1 Intercosmos 1996 iv ACE The Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) Mission and Payload The ACE spacecraft design is based on the Charge Composition Explorer (CCE) built by Johns Hopkins University (JHU) and the Applied Physics Lab (APL) for the AMPTE program. ACE is designed as a spinning spacecraft with its spin axis aligned to the Earth-Sun axis. The ACE launch weight will be -633 kg, including 105 kg of scientific instruments and 184 kg of propellant. Using a Delta-class expendable launch vehicle, ACE will be launched into an L1 libration point (240 Re) orbit. Telemetry will be 6.7 kbps average, using tape recorder storage with daily readout to DSN. The experiment power requirement is approximately 76 W nominal and 96 W peak. The prime objective of the ACE mission is • to determine accurate elemental and isotropic abundances including solar matter, local interstellar matter and local galactic matter • to study the origin of elements and evolutionary processing in galactic nucleosynthesis, galactic evolution, origin and evolution of the solar system • to study coronal formation and solar-wind acceleration processes • to study particle acceleration and transport, including coronal shock acceleration, stochastic flare acceleration, interplanetary shock acceleration, and interstellar acceleration and propagation To accomplish this objective, ACE will perform comprehensive and coordinated determinations of the elemental and isotopic composition of energetic nuclei accelerated on the Sun, in inter- planetary space, and from galactic sources. These observations will span five decades in energy, from solar wind to galactic cosmic ray energies, and will cover the element range from 1H to 40Zr. Comparison of these samples of matter will be used to study the origin and subsequent evolution of both solar system and galactic material by isolating the effects of fundamental processes that include nucleosynthesis, charged and neutral particle separation, bulk plasma acceleration, and the acceleration of suprathermal and high-energy particles. Key ACE Mission Statistics Mission Class: Explorer Launch Date: June 1996 Launch Vehicle: Delta II 7920 Launch Site: CCAFS Mission Duration: 5 years Orbit: Modified halo about the Earth-Sun L 1 point at 240 Re Ay: 300,000 km Az: 300,000 km Period: 178 days SIC type: Explorer. Irregular octagon, 1.2 m high, 2 m diameter S/C mass: 633 kg Propulsion AV: 1104 rn/s (184 kg propellant) Stabilization: Spin, 5 rpm. Axis along Earth/Sun line Pointing Accuracy: 10 o Pointing Knowledge: 1° ACE Power: 335 Watts Science Telemetry: 6.7 kb/s Data Storage: Tape recorder, 579 Mb, 72 kb/s ACE Instruments 1) Cosmic Ray Isotope Spectrometer (CRIS) The instrument mass is about 20.4 kg with a data rate of 0.46 kbps. It is designed to provide very good statistical measurements of all stable and long-lived isotopes of galactic cosmic ray nuclei from He to Zn (Z -- 2 to 30) over the general energy range from 100 to 600 MeV/nuc. The CRIS instrument will also provide limited measurements of low energy H isotopes, and the first exploratory studies of the isotopes of ultra-heavy (UH) nuclei ff-0m Ga (Z = 31) through Zr (Z = 40). The detector system is of all solid-state design, and includes four identical telescopes composed of arrays of large-area
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