Planetary Exploration and International Collaboration Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

Yoshio Toukaku, Director for International Strategy and Coordination Naoya Ozaki, Assistant Professor, Dept of Spacecraft Engineering ISAS/JAXA September, 2019 The Path Japanese Planetary Exploration

1985 1995 2010 2018 Sakigake/ Nozomi Akatsuki BepiColombo Suisei MMO/MPO Comet flyby Planned and Venus Climate Mercury Orbiter launched Mars Orbiter orbiter

Asteroid Sample Asteroid Sample Martian Moons Lunar probe Return Mission Return Mission explorer Hiten Hayabusa Hayabusa2 MMX 1992 2003 2014 2020s (TBD) Recent Science Missions

HAYABUSA 2003-2010 HINODE(SOLAR-B)2006- KAGUYASELENE)2007-2009 Asteroid Explorer Solar Observation Lunar Exploration

AKATSUKI 2010- Venus Meteorology IKAROS 2010 Hisaki 2013 Solar Sail Planetary atmosphere

HAYABUSA2 2014-2020 Hitomi(ASTRO-H) 2016 Arase (ERG) 2016 Asteroid Explorer X-Ray Astronomy Van Allen belt probe Hayabusa & Hayabusa 2 Asteroid Sample Return Missions

“Hayabusa” spacecraft brought back the material of Asteroid Itokawa while establishing innovative ion engines. “Hayabusa2”, while utilizing the experience cultivated in “Hayabusa”, has arrived at the C type Asteroid Ryugu in order to elucidate the origin and evolution of the solar system and primordial materials that would have led to emergence of life.

Hayabusa Hayabusa2 Target Itokawa Ryugu Launch 2003 2014 Arrival 2005 2018 Return 2010 2020 ©JAXA Asteroid Ryugu 6 Martian Moons eXploration (MMX)

Sample return from Marian moon for detailed analysis. Strategic L-Class A key element in the ISAS roadmap for small body exploration. Phase A n Science Objectives 1. Origin of Mars satellites. - Captured asteroids? - Accreted debris resulting from a giant impact? 2. Preparatory processes enabling to the habitability of the solar system. n Timelines FY2024 Launch n International collaboration •CNES 2025 Mars Arrival - Near-infrared Spectrometer 2029 Return to Earth - Flight Dynamics n Launch Mass : 3400kg - Joint Rover with DLR Three stages system. •NASA - Gamma-ray and Neutron Spectrometer Return module: 1350kg - Use of DSN, Test Facilities, etc. Exploration module: 150kg Propulsion module: 1900kg •ESA, DLR : under coordination

7 Small Body Exploration Strategy Promotion Strategies for 9 Space Science & Exploration Projects Based on strategies for execution of future projects in the space science and engineering fields amid harsh resource limitations, rather than the large-scale projects that have been strived for in the past, we will mainstream smaller projects in 3 categories: Large-scale satellites/explorers (launched on H2-class or larger rockets), medium-scale satellites/explorers (launched on Epsilon rockets), and various other small-scale projects. Strategic Large-scale missions With the goal of attaining first-class achievements, Japan will lead flagship missions in each field, assuming international cooperation in various forms. Competitively-chosen Medium-scale missions Aiming to create high-frequency results through flexibly implemented, challenging medium-scale missions. Flexibly implemented Earth- orbiting and deep-space missions. Taking advantage of experiences gained from current small-satellite projects, we will work on making lightweight and advanced functions through advancement of satellites and probes. Includes various projects of equivalent scale.

Various small-scale projects Maximize opportunities and generation of results through participation as a junior partner in overseas missions, domestic and international Typical scientific satellite participation in flight opportunities such as satellites, small rockets and mission through the early 2000s, balloons, creation of small-scale flight opportunities, scientific research were launched by M-V rocket utilizing the ISS, etc. 9 Mission Roadmap for ISAS Space Science and Exploration Projects BEPI Category FY FY FY FY FY FY FYCOLOMBOFY FY FY FY FY FY FY 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

Strategic Bepi XRISM MMX LiteBIRD SPICA Large Class Colombo

OKEANOS

scheduled Competitive Launch SLIM Medium Small scheduled scheduled Launch Launch Class JASMINE Candidates: Destiny+ • SOLAR-C EUVST Participating • HiZ-GUNDAM as a junior partner in ATHENA overseas WFIRST missions JUICE Dragonfly etc JAXA’s Overall Scenario for International Space Exploration Mars, others Pin Point Landing Technology Asteroid Gravitational Body Exploration Technology Sample return

Initial Exploration Full Fledge Exploration MMX JFY2024 • Search for life • Utilization feasibility exam Pin-point Landing Gravitational Body • Science exploration • Long term scientific exploration Technology Exploration Kaguya Pin-point Technology Landing Technology Moon ©JAXA ©JAXA ©JAXA ©JAXA ©JAXA SLIM Full-fledged Exploration & Traversing explorationprox.2023 Sample Returnprox.2026 Utilization JFY2021 • Science exploration • S/R from far side • Cooperative science/resource • Water prospecting • Technology demo for human mission exploration by robotic and human • Diverse entity’s moon activities HTV-X der. prox. 2026 Support • Small probe deploy Habitation • Data relay, etc technology Deep Space Support Rendezvous and Gateway Phase 1 Gateway Docking 2022- Phase 2 Technology • Support for Lunar science • Technology Earth Habitation • Science using deep space demo for Human Technologies environment Mars mission Promote Commercialization

International Space Station 11 For Future Diverse Missions 12 -Frontloading ØFocusing efforts and cost in the earlier stages of the projects ØAdvancing and prioritizing technologies common to future missions ØCapitalizing on strength of Japanese technologies; e.g. • Microsatellites • Micro miniaturization of satellite systems • Enhancing energy conservation • Space transportation system • Re-entry flight technologies • Lunar and planetary exploration • Deep space navigation system • Cryogenic cooling system. • Sample return capsule • Rover technologies 13 THANK YOU FOR LISTENING.