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Potocki Conferenze CONFERENZE 123 Archeologia Letteratura Collezionismo Atti del Convegno dedicato a Jan e Stanislaw Kostka Potocki 17~18 aprile 2007 ACCADEMIA POLACCA DELLE SCIENZE BIBLIOTECA E CENTRO DI STUDI A ROMA CONFERENZE 123 archeologia Letteratura Collezionismo Atti del Convegno dedicato a Jan e Stanislaw Kostka Potocki 17~18 aprile 2007 a cura di . Elzbieta Jastrzebowska¢ e Monika Niewójt R O M A 2 0 0 8 Pubblicato da ACCADEMIA POLACCA DELLE SCIENZE BIBLIOTECA E CENTRO DI STUDI A ROMA vicolo Doria, 2 (Palazzo Doria) 00187 Roma tel. +39 066792170 fax +39 066794087 e-mail: [email protected] www.accademiapolacca.it Progetto grafico ANNA WAWRZYNIAK MAOLONI ISSN 0208-5623 © Accademia Polacca delle Scienze Biblioteca e Centro di Studi a Roma i n d i c e PREMESSA EL˚BIETA JASTRZ¢BOWSKA JAN POTOCKI E STANIS¸AW KOSTKA POTOCKI: RELAZIONI FAMILIARI S¸AWOMIR GÓRZYN SKI LES POTOCKI ET LA SUISSE FRANÇOIS ROSSET KARLSBAD, ESTATE 1783 EMILIANO RANOCCHI ARCHIVIO DI SCIPIONE PIATTOLI NELL’ACCADEMIA POLACCA DELLE SCIENZE DI ROMA DOMINIKA WRONIKOWSKA “C’ERA TRE VOLTE UN GEOMETRA…” DOMINIQUE TRIAIRE PER UNA CONTESTUALIZZAZIONE STORIOGRAFICA DELL’ESSAY SUR L’HISTOIRE UNIVERSELLE DI JAN POTOCKI MONIKA NIEWÓJT AU-DELÀ DU LIMES, LE TRANSFERT DES SAVOIRS ANTIQUAIRES DE LA RENAISSANCE À LA FIN DU XVIIIE SIÈCLE ALAIN SCHNAPP COUNT JAN POTOCKI (1761~1815) AND HIS PLACE IN THE HISTORY OF ARCHAEOLOGY JACEK LECH JAN POTOCKI E LA NASCITA DELL’EGITTOLOGIA MODERNA (UN BICENTENARIO DIMENTICATO) ADAM ¸UKASZEWICZ GRAN TOUR “ALLA POLACCA” EWA MANIKOWSKA STANIS¸AW KOSTKA POTOCKI E GLI SCAVI ARCHEOLOGICI A NOLA MARIO CESARANO VASI GRECI NEL COLLEZIONISMO E NELLE OPINIONI DI STANIS¸AW KOSTKA POTOCKI WITOLD DOBROWOLSKI PLINY THE YOUNGER’S VILLA LAURENTINA AS VIEWED BY COUNT STANISLAS KOSTKA POTOCKI: BETWEEN 18TH CENTURY ARCHAEOLOGY AND NEOCLASSICAL VISION JERZY MIZIO¸EK LA GENESI ROMANA DI NIOBE DI NIEBORÓW SECONDO S. K. POTOCKI EL˚BIETA JASTRZ¢BOWSKA PREMESSA UECENTO ANNI FA due illustri Polacchi, Jan Potocki (1761-1815) e Stanis∏aw Kostka Potocki (1755-1821), raggiungevano il culmine delle loro attività nell’ambito della letteratura, della storia, dell’ar- D cheologia e del collezionismo, attività intraprese in Polonia e proseguite in Italia e in Francia, grazie alle quali divennero tra i più auto- revoli rappresentanti della cultura polacca dell’epoca, strettamente legata al mondo del Mediterraneo e alla cultura antica. L’Accademia Polacca delle Scienze di Roma ha onorato la memoria di questi due studiosi, letterati e fondatori della ricerca archeologica polacca, con le giornate di studio svol- tesi il 17 e il 18 aprile 2007. Nel titolo del convegno internazionale, al qua- le hanno partecipato studiosi italiani, francesi, svizzeri e polacchi, Archeo- logia, Letteratura, Collezionismo si riflette la molteplicità degli interessi col- tivati dai due Potocki. Il più giovane, Jan, conosciuto dal largo pubblico come autore del ro- manzo Manoscritto trovato a Saragozza, fu anche storico, precursore di ar- cheologia, antropologia, etnografia e egittologia, uomo politico, assiduo viaggiatore che visitò molti paesi non solo del vecchio continente ma an- che dell’Asia e dell’Africa; interlocutore dell’ultimo re polacco, Stanislao Au- gusto Poniatowski e direttore scientifico dell’ambasciata russa organizzata dall’imperatore Alessandro I in Cina. Stanis∏aw Kostka fu l’autore dei libri Sull’arte degli antichi ovvero il Win- ckelmann polacco e Viaggio a Tenebropoli, mecenate e collezionista, stori- CONFERENZE 123 EL˚BIETA JASTRZ¢BOWSKA co dell’arte e archeologo che si cimentò negli scavi a Nola, uomo politico e ministro dell’Istruzione Pubblica in Polonia e infine uno dei fondatori del- la Società degli Amici delle Scienze di Varsavia. I due Potocki, lontani cugini, divennero in seguito cognati sposando le sorelle Lubomirski, Jan – Julia e Stanis∏aw Kostka – Aleksandra. Dell’albe- ro genealogico e delle molte connessioni tra i due protagonisti tratta il pri- mo intervento, raccolto negli atti del convegno, di S∏awomir Górzyƒski di Varsavia: Jan Potocki e Stanis∏aw Kostka Potocki: relazioni familiari. I rapporti sul piano internazionale dei Potocki e alcuni episodi poco co- nosciuti della vita soprattutto di Jan vengono affrontati nei testi di François Rosset di Losanna – Les Potocki et la Suisse; Emiliano Ranocchi di Cracovia, Karlsbad, estate 1783; e di Dominika Wronikowska di Roma, Archivio di Scipione Piattoli nell’Accademia Polacca delle Scienze di Roma. La figura del geometra Velasquez, sorta di alter ego di Jan Potocki nel Manoscritto tro- vato a Saragozza, è al centro dell’analisi di Dominique Triaire di Montpel- lier nel suo “C’era tre volte un geometra…”. Monika Niewójt di Roma ha analizzato invece alcuni aspetti del debutto storiografico di Jan Potocki – Per una contestualizzazione storiografica dell’Essay sur l’histoire universel- le di Jan Potocki. Di Jan, in quanto precursore di studi, analisi e interpretazioni di caratte- re archeologico trattano i contributi di Alain Schnapp di Parigi, Au-delà du Limes, le transfert des savoirs antiquaires de la renaissance a la fin du XVIIIe siècle e di Jacek Lech di Varsavia, Count Jan Potocki (1761-1815) and his place in the history of archaeology. Invece le teorie di Jan nell’am- bito degli studi dell’egittologia vengono presentati da Adam ¸ukaszewicz di Varsavia nel suo Jan Potocki e la nascita dell’egittologia moderna (un bi- centenario dimenticato). Ewa Manikowska di Varsavia nel Gran Tour “alla polacca” ha illustrato la figura di Stanis∏aw Kostka Potocki in relazione ai viaggi in Europa che erano molto di moda, se non obbligatori, tra i giovani rappresentanti del- l’aristocrazia, soffermandosi sul viaggio di Stanis∏aw Kostka in Italia. Della passione per l’archeologia e gli scavi tratta l’articolo di Mario Cesarano di Nola, Stanis∏aw Kostka Potocki e gli scavi archeologici a Nola. La collezione di vasi greci di Stanis∏aw Kostka e le sue idee sul collezionismo nel XVIII secolo vengono trattati da Witold Dobrowolski di Varsavia in Vasi greci nel collezionismo e nelle opinioni di Stanis∏aw Kostka Potocki; invece Jerzy Mi- zio∏ek di Varsavia in Pliny the Younger’s Villa Laurentina as viewed by Count Stanislas Kostka Potocki: between 18th century Archaeology and neo- classical Vision analizza la ricostruzione della Villa di Plinio il Giovane di CONFERENZE 123 Stanis∏aw Kostka Potocki. A quest’ultimo e alle sue opinioni racchiuse nel PREMESSA libro Sull’arte degli antichi ovvero il Winckelmann polacco fa riferimento El˝bieta Jastrz´bowska nella relazione La genesi romana di Niobe di Niebo- rów secondo S. K. Potocki. Dalle relazioni presentate che hanno dato spunto a vivaci discussioni, ar- ricchite dalla proiezione del film di Wojciech Hass, Manoscritto trovato a Saragozza – ormai un classico della cinematografia polacca – sono appar- si interessanti ed estremamente ricchi i profili intellettuali dei due aristocra- tici, studiosi e viaggiatori polacchi e soprattutto europei. Il gruppo al qua- le appartenevano era nel XVIII secolo senz’altro molto numeroso, ma i suoi componenti polacchi e il loro operato in Italia è ancora tutt’oggi poco co- nosciuto. Spero che questi Atti possano riempire la “macchia bianca” nella storia dei rapporti culturali italo-polacchi. EL˚BIETA JASTRZ¢BOWSKA CONFERENZE 123 Stanislaw Potocki ∞ Zofia Kalinowska 1589~1667 1645 ca 1610~1645 Andrzej Potocki ∞ Anna Rysin´ska Feliks Kazimierz Potocki ∞ Krystyna Lubomirska ca 1646~1691 1670 ca 1647~1697/1703 ca 1647~1702 1661 ca 1647~1699 Józef Potocki ∞ Wiktoria Leszczyn´ ska Jerzy Potocki ∞ Konstancja Podbereska ca 1673~1751 1692 ca 1675~1732 ca 1670~1747 ca 1685~1730 Stanislaw Potocki ∞ Helena Zamoyska Eustachy Potocki ∞ Marianna Katska˛ 1733 1741 ca 1698~1760 ❋ ca 1710 ca 1720~1768 ca 1722~1768 Józef Potocki ∞ Anna Teresa Ossolin´ska Stanislaw Kostka Potocki ca 1735~1802 1760 ca 1739~1810 ca 1755~1821 Jan Potocki ca 1761~1815 Provenienza di Jan e Stanislaw Kostka Potocki dagli stessi antenati da parte del padre: il comandante in capo Stanislaw Potocki e sua moglie Zofia Kalinowska SLAWOMIR GÓRZYN´SKI Varsavia JAN POTOCKI E STANISLAW KOSTKA POTOCKI: RELAZIONI FAMILIARI TEMMA PILAWA: in campo azzurro una croce d’argento con la tripla tra- versa dimezzata. Sopra lo scudo un elmo e nella corona cinque piu- me di struzzo. Lauri azzurri foderati d’argento. Motto dell’insegna: S“Scutum oponebat scutum”. La famiglia Potocki è originaria della Ma∏opolska e deve il suo prestigio a numerosi suoi membri politici e milita- ri, e anche mecenati della cultura; di due di costoro parleremo oggi. Comu- ne antenato di questi due parenti piuttosto lontani che portano il nome Po- tocki fu Stanis∏aw “Rewera” (1589-1667). Fu tra i rappresentanti più illustri del casato nella prima metà del XVII secolo. Disponeva di alcuni territori del- la corona dati in beneficio (królewszczyzny) che in modo considerevole con- tribuirono a ingrandire il patrimonio familiare; egli stabilì la sua residenza principale nell’acquisita Podhajce. Fu etmano della corona (Hetman Koron- ny), voievoda di Cracovia, si distinse nel conflitto contro Mosca e i Cosacchi nel 1660, nelle battaglie di Cudnów e Ochmatów. Andrzej (morto nel 1691), figlio suo e di Zofia Kalinowska, ricevette nel 1682 il pù alto ordine senato- rio, divenne castellano cracoviense, e nel 1684 etmano di campo (Hetman Polny). Suo fratello fu Feliks Kazimierz (di cui si parlerà oltre). Józef, altro etmano di campo (morto nel 1751) era figlio di Andrzej e Anna Rysiƒska. Ricevette la bulava (la mazza simbolo del
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