Constructing Indigenous Citizenship: Identity, Authority, and Rights in Decentralized Guatemala By Jennifer Noel Costanza B.A., University of Rhode Island, 2001 M.A., York University, 2004 M.A., Brown University, 2007 Dissertation Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Sociology at Brown University PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND MAY 2013 © Copyright 2013 by Jennifer Noel Costanza This dissertation by Jennifer Noel Costanza is accepted in its present form by the Department of Sociology as satisfying the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Date_______________ ____________________________________ Patrick G. Heller, Advisor Recommended to the Graduate Council Date_______________ ____________________________________ Gianpaolo Baiocchi, Reader Date_______________ ____________________________________ José Itzigsohn, Reader Date_______________ ____________________________________ Margot Jackson, Reader Date_______________ ____________________________________ Michael Kennedy, Reader Approved by the Graduate Council Date_______________ ____________________________________ Peter Weber, Dean of the Graduate School iii CURRICULUM VITAE JENNIFER NOEL COSTANZA Department of Sociology Brown University Box 1916 Providence RI, 02912, USA Date of Birth: November 29, 2012, Place of Birth: Wakefield, Rhode Island, USA EDUCATION Ph.D. Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island Sociology M.A. 2007 Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island Sociology M.A. 2004 York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Political Science B.A. 2001 University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island Concentrations: Political Science, Economics DISSERTATION Title: Constructing Indigenous Citizenship: Identity, Authority and Rights in Decentralized Guatemala Committee: Patrick Heller (Chair); Gianpaolo Baiocchi; José Itzigsohn RESEARCH AND TEACHING INTERESTS Comparative Race and Ethnicity Globalization and Development Social Movements and Identity Politics Political Sociology Qualitative Methods Latin America ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS Present Deputy Director, Development Studies Program, Brown University Present Adjunct Instructor, Development Studies Program, Brown University FELLOWSHIPS • Fulbright-Hays Doctoral Dissertation Research Abroad Fellowship, 2010-2011 • Brown University Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship, Fall 2010 iv • Latin American Studies Association, Student Travel Grant, June 2009 • National Science Foundation, Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant, awarded January 2009 • Rural Sociological Association, Dissertation Research Award (alternate candidate), 2009 • Brown University Sociology Department, Feinberg Award (to fund summer fieldwork), 2008 • Brown University Watson Institute for International Studies Graduate Program in Development Summer Fieldwork Fellowship, 2007 • Brown University Center for Latin American Studies Graduate Student Travel Grant, 2007 • Brown University Graduate Fellowship, 2005-06 • York University Graduate Assistantship, 2003-2004 • York University International Visa Student Scholarship, 2003-2004 • University of Rhode Island, Department of Political Science, David Warren Scholarship for Excellence in Political Science, 2001 AWARDS • Best Graduate Student Paper, American Sociological Association, Human Rights Section. Awarded for the paper “A New Indigenous Citizenship: Constructing Citizen Rights from Human Rights at the Grassroots in Guatemala.” 2011. • Brown University, Sociology Preliminary Exam on “Race and Ethnicity in the Americas,” Passed with Distinction. 2008. • York University, Michael Baptista Essay Prize for Best Graduate Essay in Latin American and Caribbean Studies. Awarded for the essay, “Elusive Hegemony: A Critical Analysis of United States Policy Towards Haiti,” 2004. • University of Rhode Island, Political Science. Josephine Milburn Award for Excellence in International Relations, 2001. • Undergraduate National Honor Societies (2001): Pi Sigma Alpha (Political Science); Omicron Delta Epsilon (Economics); Order of Omega Greek Leadership Honor Society; Golden Key National Honor Society MANUSCRIPTS UNDER REVIEW “Appropriating Human Rights from the Grassroots: Indigenous Peoples’ Right to Free, Prior, and Informed Consent in Guatemala” PROFESSIONAL PRESENTATIONS “Decentralization and Mining: Defining ‘Development’ in San Juan Sacatepéquez, Guatemala.” Panel, “Mining Conflicts and Cultural Politics in Central America.” Latin American Studies Association, San Francisco, CA, May 24, 2012. v “A New Indigenous Citizenship: Constructing Citizen Rights from Human Rights at the Grassroots in Guatemala.” Panel, “Human Rights-writ large.” American Sociological Association, Las Vegas, NV, August 20, 2011. “What’s in a Frame? Interrogating Collective Identity Frames in Guatemala’s Campesino-Indigenous Movement.” Panel, “Collective Action and Social Movements in Central America,” Latin American Studies Association, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, July 12, 2009. “Identity Frames and the Meaning of Mobilization: Locating agency in Guatemala’s Campesino-Indigenous Movement.” Panel, “Post Post-War Guatemala: Contemporary Transformations in 21st Century Guatemala.” New England Council of Latin American Studies, Providence, RI, October 4, 2008. “The Rise of Latin American Indigenous Movements? Framing the meaning of mobilization in Guatemala.” Inter-Ivy Sociology Symposium, Princeton, NJ, March 29, 2008. “Articulating Recognition, Redistribution and Racialization within Latin American Indigenous Movements: A focus on Guatemala.” Panel, “Indigenous Peoples: Land, Struggles and Ruptures.” Latin American Studies Association, Montreal, Canada, September 6, 2007. “Confronting a Movement’s Menace: Linking Recognition and Redistribution within Latin American Indigenous Rights Movements.” Panel, “Movement Choices, Dynamics and Consequences.” American Sociological Association, New York, New York, August 13, 2007 “Confronting a Movement’s Menace: Linking Recognition and Redistribution within Latin American Indigenous Rights Movements.” Panel, “Social Movement Frames: From Shifts and Splits to Framing the Grotesque.” American Sociological Association- Collective Behavior and Social Movements Section Workshop, Hempstead, New York, August 10, 2007. “Framing the Indigenous: Competing Discourses within the Guatemalan Indigenous Rights Movement.” Brown University Graduate Student Workshop on Culture, Politics and Society in Latin America, Providence, Rhode Island, February 28, 2007. TEACHING AND ADVISING Development Studies Program, Brown University (present) Teaching a Senior Seminar in Thesis Writing (present). Mentoring senior students. Advisor for all Development Studies concentrators. Brown University, Department of Sociology (2006-12) Teaching Assistant in the following courses: Globalization and Social Conflict (four semesters); Race, Class, and Ethnicity in the Modern World; The City; Theories of Organizational Dynamics and Decision Making; Methods of Research in Organizations. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible, at least in its current form, were it not for the moral support of family and friends, the participation of Guatemalans in my research, and the feedback on my writing from my advisors and fellow graduate students. I want to express my gratitude to them, as well as to the numerous institutions that funded my work. Pre-dissertation exploratory research in Guatemala was funded by the Graduate Program in Development, Center for Latin American and Caribbean Studies, the Sociology Department Feinstein Grant, and summer graduate student funding, all from Brown University. A National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant and a United States Department of Education Fulbright-Hays Doctoral Dissertation Research Award financed dissertation field research. A Brown University Dissertation Fellowship and Teaching Fellowship supported me during the writing phase. I am extremely grateful for the many friends I made in Guatemala, and for Guatemalans’ willingness to share their time and their lives with me to participate in my research. Literally hundreds of people met me for interviews, helped me with directions or an introduction, or shared a meal or coffee with me. I especially want to thank Doña Toya, Odilia and her daughters and Juanito who welcomed me into their home and treated me like a member of their family. I also want to recognize Doña Ramona, Mercedes, Mokchewan, Felipe, Don Cristobal, Nery, Nim Sanik, Saturnino, Ignacio, Rodolfo, Hector, Rosa and Andres, the leaders of the Communities in Resistance in San Juan Sacatepéquez, and many others who made me feel at home in Guatemala and continually inspired me with their will to pursue justice for indigenous peoples in the face of great odds. I thank Miguel Mateo, Coralia Herrera, Carlos Castillo and Eduardo vii Sacayón, whose friendship made field research much more enjoyable. Finally, I thank the Instituto de Estudios Interétnicos of the Universidad de San Carlos, Guatemala, for supporting me as a visiting researcher and providing me the opportunity to present and get feedback on my work in progress. At Brown University, I have been fortunate to have an incredible advisor, Patrick Heller. He read through numerous chapter drafts, organized and led a peer reading group for me and other students, and was extremely supportive when I was in the field, helping me overcome some particularly difficult challenges to completing my project. I am also grateful