On the Questions in Developing Computational Infrastructure for Komi-Permyak
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Connections Between Sámi and Basque Peoples
Connections between Sámi and Basque Peoples Kent Randell 2012 Siidastallan Outside of Minneapolis, Minneapolis Kent Randell (c) 2012 --- 2012 Siidastallan, Linwood Township, Minnesota Kent Randell (c) 2012 --- 2012 Siidastallan, Linwood Township, Minnesota “D----- it Jim, I’m a librarian and an armchair anthropologist??” Kent Randell (c) 2012 --- 2012 Siidastallan, Linwood Township, Minnesota Connections between Sámi and Basque Peoples Hard evidence: - mtDNA - Uniqueness of language Other things may be surprising…. or not. It is fun to imagine other connections, understanding it is not scientific Kent Randell (c) 2012 --- 2012 Siidastallan, Linwood Township, Minnesota Documentary: Suddenly Sámi by Norway’s Ellen-Astri Lundby She receives her mtDNA test, and express surprise when her results state that she is connected to Spain. This also surprised me, and spurned my interest….. Then I ended up living in Boise, Idaho, the city with the largest concentration of Basque outside of Basque Country Kent Randell (c) 2012 --- 2012 Siidastallan, Linwood Township, Minnesota What is mtDNA genealogy? The DNA of the Mitochondria in your cells. Cell energy, cell growth, cell signaling, etc. mtDNA – At Conception • The Egg cell Mitochondria’s DNA remains the same after conception. • Male does not contribute to the mtDNA • Therefore Mitochondrial mtDNA is the same as one’s mother. Kent Randell (c) 2012 --- 2012 Siidastallan, Linwood Township, Minnesota Kent Randell (c) 2012 --- 2012 Siidastallan, Linwood Township, Minnesota Kent Randell (c) 2012 --- 2012 Siidastallan, Linwood Township, Minnesota Four generation mtDNA line Sisters – Mother – Maternal Grandmother – Great-grandmother Jennie Mary Karjalainen b. Kent21 Randell March (c) 2012 1886, --- 2012 Siidastallan,parents from Kuusamo, Finland Linwood Township, Minnesota Isaac Abramson and Jennie Karjalainen wedding picture Isaac is from Northern Norway, Kvaen father and Saami mother from Haetta Kent Randell (c) 2012 --- 2012 Siidastallan, village. -
Introduction. Komi Folklore Studies: Connecting Points1
https://doi.org/10.7592/FEJF2019.76.introduction INTRODUCTION. KOMI FOLKLORE STUDIES: CONNECTING POINTS1 Liudmila Lobanova Researcher Department of Folklore, Institute of Language, Literature, and History Komi Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia Email: [email protected] Nikolay Kuznetsov Lecturer in Finno-Ugric Languages Department of Finno-Ugric Studies University of Tartu Email: [email protected] The special edition of Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore is dedicated to Komi2 folklore and folklore studies. The issue was prepared within the frame- work of cooperation between the Department of Folkloristics of the Estonian Literary Museum and the Folklore Department of the Komi Science Centre by Komi and Estonian folklore researchers. Prior to this, the authors published one of the issues (vol. 17, 2016) of the Sator periodical, which was also dedi- cated to Komi folklore studies. The goal of this issue is to present some of the results of recent Komi folklore studies to wider academic circles, overcoming the natural linguistic obstacles. The majority of articles are written within the research project “Local Folklore Traditions of the European Northeast of Russia: Mechanisms of Development and Adaptation, System of Genres, Ethnocultural Folklore Interaction” (№ AAAA-A17-117021310066-4). The history of Komi folklore studies reveals processes typical for the Rus- sian, Soviet, and post-Soviet research dealing with folklore (the research field extended and became more limited over time), as well as studying the Komi language and culture as part of the general development of Finno-Ugric stud- ies. Traditionally, academician Andreas Sjögren (1794–1855) is considered to have discovered Komi folklore – in 1827, he transcribed folklore texts and published them as examples of the Komi language. -
Second Report Submitted by the Russian Federation Pursuant to The
ACFC/SR/II(2005)003 SECOND REPORT SUBMITTED BY THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 25, PARAGRAPH 2 OF THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES (Received on 26 April 2005) MINISTRY OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION REPORT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROVISIONS OF THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES Report of the Russian Federation on the progress of the second cycle of monitoring in accordance with Article 25 of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities MOSCOW, 2005 2 Table of contents PREAMBLE ..............................................................................................................................4 1. Introduction........................................................................................................................4 2. The legislation of the Russian Federation for the protection of national minorities rights5 3. Major lines of implementation of the law of the Russian Federation and the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities .............................................................15 3.1. National territorial subdivisions...................................................................................15 3.2 Public associations – national cultural autonomies and national public organizations17 3.3 National minorities in the system of federal government............................................18 3.4 Development of Ethnic Communities’ National -
Arxiv:2004.04803V1 [Cs.CL] 9 Apr 2020
FST Morphology for the Endangered Skolt Sami Language Jack Rueter, Mika Hämäläinen Department of Digital Humanities University of Helsinki {jack.rueter, mika.hamalainen}@helsinki.fi Abstract We present advances in the development of a FST-based morphological analyzer and generator for Skolt Sami. Like other minority Uralic languages, Skolt Sami exhibits a rich morphology, on the one hand, and there is little golden standard material for it, on the other. This makes NLP approaches for its study difficult without a solid morphological analysis. The language is severely endangered and the work presented in this paper forms a part of a greater whole in its revitalization efforts. Furthermore, we intersperse our description with facilitation and description practices not well documented in the infrastructure. Currently, the analyzer covers over 30,000 Skolt Sami words in 148 inflectional paradigms and over 12 derivational forms. Keywords: Skolt Sami, endangered languages, morphology 1. Introduction members access to language materials directly. The trick is Skolt Sami is a minority language belonging to Sami to find new uses and reuses for data sets and technologies branch of the Uralic language family. With its native speak- as well as to bring development closer to the language com- ers at only around 300, it is considered a severely endan- munity. If development follows the North Sámi lead, any gered language (Moseley, 2010), which, despite its pluri- project can reap from the work already done. centric potential, is decidedly focusing on one mutual lan- Extensive work has already been done on data and tool gauge (Rueter and Hämäläinen, 2019). In this paper, we development in the GiellaLT infrastructure (Moshagen et present our open-source FST morphology for the language, al., 2013) and (Moshagen et al., 2014), and previous work 3 which is a part of the wider context of its on-going revital- also exists for Skolt Sami (Sammallahti and Mosnikoff, ization efforts. -
000 Euralex 2010 03 Plenary
> State of the Art of the Lexicography of European Lesser Used or Non- State Languages anne tjerk popkema ‘The people who chronicle the life of our language (…) are called lexicographers’ (Martin Hardee, blogger in Cyberspace, 2006) 0 Introductory remarks 1 Language codification and language elaboration (‘Ausbau’) are key ingredients for raising a lesser used language to a level that is adequate for modern use.2 In dictionaries (as well as in grammars) a language’s written standard may be laid down, ‘codified’. 3 At the same time dictionaries make clear what lexical gaps remain or arise in a language. The filling of such gaps – part of language elaboration – will only gain wide acceptance when, in turn, it is codified in a dictionary itself. Thus, both prime categories of language development – codification and elaboration – are hats worn by the same head: the lexicographer’s. Bo Svensén begins the opening chapter of his recent handbook on lexicography by stating that ‘dictionaries are a cultural phenomenon. It is a commonplace to say that a dictionary is a product of the culture in which it has come into being; it is less so to say that it plays an important part in the development of that culture.’ 4 In the case of lesser used languages, language development may lead to (increased) use in domains that were formerly out of reach because of the dominance – for any number of reasons – of another language. In such instances, language development equals language emancipation. An emancipating language takes on new functions, enters new domains of society and is therefore in need of new terminology. -
Sixth Periodical Report Presented to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe in Accordance with Article 15 of the Charter
Strasbourg, 1 July 2014 MIN-LANG (2014) PR7 EUROPEAN CHARTER FOR REGIONAL OR MINORITY LANGUAGES Sixth periodical report presented to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe in accordance with Article 15 of the Charter NORWAY THE EUROPEAN CHARTER FOR REGIONAL OR MINORITY LANGUAGES SIXTH PERIODICAL REPORT NORWAY Norwegian Ministry of Local Government and Modernisation 2014 1 Contents Part I ........................................................................................................................................... 3 Foreword ................................................................................................................................ 3 Users of regional or minority languages ................................................................................ 5 Policy, legislation and practice – changes .............................................................................. 6 Recommendations of the Committee of Ministers – measures for following up the recommendations ................................................................................................................... 9 Part II ........................................................................................................................................ 14 Part II of the Charter – Overview of measures taken to apply Article 7 of the Charter to the regional or minority languages recognised by the State ...................................................... 14 Article 7 –Information on each language and measures to implement -
Finno-Ugric Republics and Their State Languages: Balancing Powers in Constitutional Order in the Early 1990S
SUSA/JSFOu 94, 2013 Konstantin ZAMYATIN (Helsinki) Finno-Ugric Republics and Their State Languages: Balancing Powers in Constitutional Order in the Early 1990s Most of Russia’s national republics established titular and Russian as co-official state languages in their constitutions of the early 1990s. There is no consensus on the reasons and consequences of this act, whether it should be seen as a mere symbolic gesture, a measure to ensure a language revival, an instrument in political debate or an ethnic institution. From an institutional and comparative perspective, this study explores the constitutional systems of the Finno-Ugric republics and demonstrates that across the republics, the official status of the state languages was among the few references to ethnicity built into their constitutions. However, only in the case of language require- ments for the top officials, its inclusion could be interpreted as an attempt at instrumen- tally using ethnicity for political ends. Otherwise, constitutional recognition of the state languages should be rather understood as an element of institutionalized ethnicity that remains a potential resource for political mobilization. This latter circumstance might clarify why federal authorities could see an obstacle for their Russian nation-building agenda in the official status of languages. 1. Introduction The period of social transformations of the late 1980s and early 1990s in Eastern Europe was characterized by countries’ transition from the communist administra- tive−command systems towards the representative democracy and market economy. One important driving force of change in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was the rise of popular movements out of national resentment and dissatis- faction with the state-of-the-art in the sphere of inter-ethnic relations. -
ISSN 2221-2698 Arkhangelsk, Russia DOI 10.17238/Issn2221-2698.2016
ISSN 2221-2698 Arkhangelsk, Russia DOI 10.17238/issn2221-2698.2016.25 Arctic and North. 2016. N 25 2 ISSN 2221-2698 Arctic and North. 2016. N 25. CC BY-SA © Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, 2016 © Editorial board of electronic scientific journal “Arctic and North”, 2016 The journal “Arctic and North” is registered at Roskomnadzor as an internet periodical issued in Russian and English, Registration certificate El № FS77-42809, November 26, 2010; at the system of the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI), license contract № 96-04/2011R, April 12, 2011; Scientific Electronic Library "Сyberleninka" (2016); in the catalogs of international databases: Directory of Open Access Journals — DOAJ (2013); Global Serials Directory Ulrichsweb, USA (2013); NSD, Norway (2015); InfoBase Index, India (2015); ERIH PLUS, Norway (2016). The Journal is issued not less than 4 times per year; 25 issues were published in 2011—2016. The Founder — Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov (Arkhangelsk, Russia). Editor-in-Chief — Yury F. Lukin, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Honorary Worker of the higher education of the Russian Federation. All journal issues are available free of charge in Russian and English. Rules and regulations on submission, peer reviews, publication and the Declaration of Ethics are available at: http://narfu.ru/aan/rules/ The Journal is devoted to the scientific articles focused on the Arctic and the North relevant for the following professional degrees: 08.00.00 Economics; 22.00.00 Sociology; 23.00.00 Political science; 24.00.00 Culturology. No payments for publication are collected from authors, including students and post-graduate students. -
Sami Sieidis in a Nordic Context?
ELSE MUNDAL Sami Sieidis in a Nordic Context? ABSTRACT In the present article, the author discusses two Old Norse texts that may indicate that the Sami cult of sieidis had spread to the neighbouring Old Norse culture in the period before the Chris- tianization of Norway. One of these texts is found in the Older Eiðsifaþing law, the law of the inland part of Eastern Norway. According to this law, it was prohibited to believe in (the power of) the finnar (Sami), and among their powerful objects, rót (the root of a tree) is mentioned. This root is in all likeli- hood a Sami sieidi that was sought out by Norwegians for help, probably for medical reasons. The other text is a notice in the Icelandic Landnámabók in which it is mentioned that a settler from Northern Norway worshipped some stones in the outfields on the border of his settlement, calledGunnsteinar . There are closer parallels to this outfields cult in Sami culture than in Old Norse culture. KEYWORDS Sami sieidis, Gunnsteinar, Eiðsifaþing law, Landnámabók, Sami cult, Old Norse cult ANDERS HULTGÅRD Personal Religion among the Ancient Scandinavians and the Fulltrúi-Concept ABSTRACT The question of personal religion among the ancient Scandinavians has centered around the concept of having a deity as one’s fulltrúi ‘trustworthy friend,’ ástvinr ‘close friend,’ or vinr ‘friend.’ Most scholars of the twentieth century regarded the concept as a true expression of pre-Christian Germanic belief. By contrast, modern scholarship strongly tends to see it as a construct of medieval authors who took the saints’ cult as a model to describe the personal piety of their ninth and tenth cen- tury compatriots. -
A Study of the Language Laws in Russia's Finno-Ugric Republics
OFFICIAL STAtus AS A Tool OF LANGUAGE RevivAL? A StuDY OF THE LANGUAGE LAWS in RussiA’S Finno-UGriC REPUBliCS KONSTAntin ZAMYAtin Researcher, PhD Candidate Department of Finnish, Finno-Ugrian and Scandinavian Studies University of Helsinki P.O. Box 24, FIN-00014, Finland e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT This study explores the legal and institutional position of Finno-Ugric languages according to the language laws of the national republics in post-Soviet Russia. The aim is to understand whether the republican authorities intended to use the official designation of state language as a policy device with which to ensure the revival of titular languages. The approach of the study is to test revivalist theories that estab- lish a link between official status and language revival by comparing the number of institutionalised elements of official status in the republics. For the purpose of comparison, the study focuses on education and work environment among the domains within the public sphere of language use. The results demonstrate that the framing of official status in these sectors provided only some additional oppor- tunities for the expansion of language use, while the extent of their institutionali- sation directly correlated with the level of political representation of ethnic elites. KEYWORDS: official language · language revival · language laws · Finno-Ugric peoples · Russia INTRODUCTION Change in language behaviour is an outcome of a complicated variety of sociolinguistic, political and legal processes, and the study of language policy alone cannot explain all tendencies in language practices. Yet, without doubt, the impact of state language policy is among the most important causes for change in a sociolinguistic situation, although this change will not always be one that policy-makers envisage as their goal. -
Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Computational Linguistics For
IWCLUL 2017 3rd International Workshop for Computational Linguistics of Uralic Languages Proceedings of the Workshop 23–24 January 2017 Norwegian University Centre of Oslo, St. Petersburg St. Petersburg, Russia c 2017 The Association for Computational Linguistics Order copies of this and other ACL proceedings from: Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) 209 N. Eighth Street Stroudsburg, PA 18360 USA Tel: +1-570-476-8006 Fax: +1-570-476-0860 [email protected] ii Introduction Uralic is an interesting group of languages from the computational-linguistic perspective. The Uralic languages share large parts of morphological and morphophonological complexity that is not present in the Indo-European language family, which has traditionally dominated computational-linguistic research. This can be seen for example in number of morphologically complex forms belonging to one word, which in Indo-European languages is in range of ones or tens whereas for Uralic languages, it is in the range of hundreds and thousands. Furthermore, Uralic language situations share a lot of geo-political aspects: the three national languages—Finnish, Estonian and Hungarian—are comparably small languages and only moderately resourced in terms of computational-linguistics while being stable and not in threat of extinction. The recognised minority languages of western-European states, on the other hand—such as North Smi, Kven and Vro—do clearly fall in the category of lesser resourced and more threatened languages, whereas the majority of Uralic languages in the east of Europe and Siberia are close to extinction. Common to all rapid development of more advanced computational-linguistic methods is required for continued vitality of the languages in everyday life, to enable archiving and use of the languages with computers and other devices such as mobile applications. -
Entries in the Barents Encyclopedia (By Topic Category)
Entries in the Barents Encyclopedia (by topic category) The list is divided into the following six sections: A. 118 submitted articles (as of 20 April 2011) (p. 4) B. 169 entries for which we have contracted authors (p. 18) C. 67 entries for which we have suggested or invited (but not contracted) authors (p. 39) D. 55 entries for which we have no suggested authors (p. 51) E. 113 suggested entries that might be included if space allows (p. 57) F. 158 suggested entries that are not likely to be included (p. 67) Note: As of April 20, 2011, we have 409 entries/articles to be included in the Barents Encyclopedia! Thus, we do not need any more new entry suggestions unless this is required for reasons of “balance” or serious omissions! Column contents In column “S” the status of the entry word is indicated (for labels, see top of p. 4). In column “E” the suggested entry word is stated. In column “Enc” the a cronym for the encyclopedia where the entry was found (see listing below) or the name of the person suggesting the entry is listed. In column “T” the “topics category” to which the suggested entry belongs (see category codes 1–12 below); In column “T alt” an alternative topic classification is given. In column “L” the suggested Length of entry is stated. (For labels of the different types of entries identified, see table below!) In column “A” the name (and affiliation/email address) of the suggested author is listed. In column “C” you may enter comments about the suggested entry.