Creating a Morphological Analyzer and Generator for the Komi Language
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Introduction. Komi Folklore Studies: Connecting Points1
https://doi.org/10.7592/FEJF2019.76.introduction INTRODUCTION. KOMI FOLKLORE STUDIES: CONNECTING POINTS1 Liudmila Lobanova Researcher Department of Folklore, Institute of Language, Literature, and History Komi Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia Email: [email protected] Nikolay Kuznetsov Lecturer in Finno-Ugric Languages Department of Finno-Ugric Studies University of Tartu Email: [email protected] The special edition of Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore is dedicated to Komi2 folklore and folklore studies. The issue was prepared within the frame- work of cooperation between the Department of Folkloristics of the Estonian Literary Museum and the Folklore Department of the Komi Science Centre by Komi and Estonian folklore researchers. Prior to this, the authors published one of the issues (vol. 17, 2016) of the Sator periodical, which was also dedi- cated to Komi folklore studies. The goal of this issue is to present some of the results of recent Komi folklore studies to wider academic circles, overcoming the natural linguistic obstacles. The majority of articles are written within the research project “Local Folklore Traditions of the European Northeast of Russia: Mechanisms of Development and Adaptation, System of Genres, Ethnocultural Folklore Interaction” (№ AAAA-A17-117021310066-4). The history of Komi folklore studies reveals processes typical for the Rus- sian, Soviet, and post-Soviet research dealing with folklore (the research field extended and became more limited over time), as well as studying the Komi language and culture as part of the general development of Finno-Ugric stud- ies. Traditionally, academician Andreas Sjögren (1794–1855) is considered to have discovered Komi folklore – in 1827, he transcribed folklore texts and published them as examples of the Komi language. -
Second Report Submitted by the Russian Federation Pursuant to The
ACFC/SR/II(2005)003 SECOND REPORT SUBMITTED BY THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 25, PARAGRAPH 2 OF THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES (Received on 26 April 2005) MINISTRY OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION REPORT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROVISIONS OF THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES Report of the Russian Federation on the progress of the second cycle of monitoring in accordance with Article 25 of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities MOSCOW, 2005 2 Table of contents PREAMBLE ..............................................................................................................................4 1. Introduction........................................................................................................................4 2. The legislation of the Russian Federation for the protection of national minorities rights5 3. Major lines of implementation of the law of the Russian Federation and the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities .............................................................15 3.1. National territorial subdivisions...................................................................................15 3.2 Public associations – national cultural autonomies and national public organizations17 3.3 National minorities in the system of federal government............................................18 3.4 Development of Ethnic Communities’ National -
Finno-Ugric Republics and Their State Languages: Balancing Powers in Constitutional Order in the Early 1990S
SUSA/JSFOu 94, 2013 Konstantin ZAMYATIN (Helsinki) Finno-Ugric Republics and Their State Languages: Balancing Powers in Constitutional Order in the Early 1990s Most of Russia’s national republics established titular and Russian as co-official state languages in their constitutions of the early 1990s. There is no consensus on the reasons and consequences of this act, whether it should be seen as a mere symbolic gesture, a measure to ensure a language revival, an instrument in political debate or an ethnic institution. From an institutional and comparative perspective, this study explores the constitutional systems of the Finno-Ugric republics and demonstrates that across the republics, the official status of the state languages was among the few references to ethnicity built into their constitutions. However, only in the case of language require- ments for the top officials, its inclusion could be interpreted as an attempt at instrumen- tally using ethnicity for political ends. Otherwise, constitutional recognition of the state languages should be rather understood as an element of institutionalized ethnicity that remains a potential resource for political mobilization. This latter circumstance might clarify why federal authorities could see an obstacle for their Russian nation-building agenda in the official status of languages. 1. Introduction The period of social transformations of the late 1980s and early 1990s in Eastern Europe was characterized by countries’ transition from the communist administra- tive−command systems towards the representative democracy and market economy. One important driving force of change in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was the rise of popular movements out of national resentment and dissatis- faction with the state-of-the-art in the sphere of inter-ethnic relations. -
ISSN 2221-2698 Arkhangelsk, Russia DOI 10.17238/Issn2221-2698.2016
ISSN 2221-2698 Arkhangelsk, Russia DOI 10.17238/issn2221-2698.2016.25 Arctic and North. 2016. N 25 2 ISSN 2221-2698 Arctic and North. 2016. N 25. CC BY-SA © Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, 2016 © Editorial board of electronic scientific journal “Arctic and North”, 2016 The journal “Arctic and North” is registered at Roskomnadzor as an internet periodical issued in Russian and English, Registration certificate El № FS77-42809, November 26, 2010; at the system of the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI), license contract № 96-04/2011R, April 12, 2011; Scientific Electronic Library "Сyberleninka" (2016); in the catalogs of international databases: Directory of Open Access Journals — DOAJ (2013); Global Serials Directory Ulrichsweb, USA (2013); NSD, Norway (2015); InfoBase Index, India (2015); ERIH PLUS, Norway (2016). The Journal is issued not less than 4 times per year; 25 issues were published in 2011—2016. The Founder — Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov (Arkhangelsk, Russia). Editor-in-Chief — Yury F. Lukin, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Honorary Worker of the higher education of the Russian Federation. All journal issues are available free of charge in Russian and English. Rules and regulations on submission, peer reviews, publication and the Declaration of Ethics are available at: http://narfu.ru/aan/rules/ The Journal is devoted to the scientific articles focused on the Arctic and the North relevant for the following professional degrees: 08.00.00 Economics; 22.00.00 Sociology; 23.00.00 Political science; 24.00.00 Culturology. No payments for publication are collected from authors, including students and post-graduate students. -
A Study of the Language Laws in Russia's Finno-Ugric Republics
OFFICIAL STAtus AS A Tool OF LANGUAGE RevivAL? A StuDY OF THE LANGUAGE LAWS in RussiA’S Finno-UGriC REPUBliCS KONSTAntin ZAMYAtin Researcher, PhD Candidate Department of Finnish, Finno-Ugrian and Scandinavian Studies University of Helsinki P.O. Box 24, FIN-00014, Finland e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT This study explores the legal and institutional position of Finno-Ugric languages according to the language laws of the national republics in post-Soviet Russia. The aim is to understand whether the republican authorities intended to use the official designation of state language as a policy device with which to ensure the revival of titular languages. The approach of the study is to test revivalist theories that estab- lish a link between official status and language revival by comparing the number of institutionalised elements of official status in the republics. For the purpose of comparison, the study focuses on education and work environment among the domains within the public sphere of language use. The results demonstrate that the framing of official status in these sectors provided only some additional oppor- tunities for the expansion of language use, while the extent of their institutionali- sation directly correlated with the level of political representation of ethnic elites. KEYWORDS: official language · language revival · language laws · Finno-Ugric peoples · Russia INTRODUCTION Change in language behaviour is an outcome of a complicated variety of sociolinguistic, political and legal processes, and the study of language policy alone cannot explain all tendencies in language practices. Yet, without doubt, the impact of state language policy is among the most important causes for change in a sociolinguistic situation, although this change will not always be one that policy-makers envisage as their goal. -
Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Computational Linguistics For
IWCLUL 2017 3rd International Workshop for Computational Linguistics of Uralic Languages Proceedings of the Workshop 23–24 January 2017 Norwegian University Centre of Oslo, St. Petersburg St. Petersburg, Russia c 2017 The Association for Computational Linguistics Order copies of this and other ACL proceedings from: Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) 209 N. Eighth Street Stroudsburg, PA 18360 USA Tel: +1-570-476-8006 Fax: +1-570-476-0860 [email protected] ii Introduction Uralic is an interesting group of languages from the computational-linguistic perspective. The Uralic languages share large parts of morphological and morphophonological complexity that is not present in the Indo-European language family, which has traditionally dominated computational-linguistic research. This can be seen for example in number of morphologically complex forms belonging to one word, which in Indo-European languages is in range of ones or tens whereas for Uralic languages, it is in the range of hundreds and thousands. Furthermore, Uralic language situations share a lot of geo-political aspects: the three national languages—Finnish, Estonian and Hungarian—are comparably small languages and only moderately resourced in terms of computational-linguistics while being stable and not in threat of extinction. The recognised minority languages of western-European states, on the other hand—such as North Smi, Kven and Vro—do clearly fall in the category of lesser resourced and more threatened languages, whereas the majority of Uralic languages in the east of Europe and Siberia are close to extinction. Common to all rapid development of more advanced computational-linguistic methods is required for continued vitality of the languages in everyday life, to enable archiving and use of the languages with computers and other devices such as mobile applications. -
Entries in the Barents Encyclopedia (By Topic Category)
Entries in the Barents Encyclopedia (by topic category) The list is divided into the following six sections: A. 118 submitted articles (as of 20 April 2011) (p. 4) B. 169 entries for which we have contracted authors (p. 18) C. 67 entries for which we have suggested or invited (but not contracted) authors (p. 39) D. 55 entries for which we have no suggested authors (p. 51) E. 113 suggested entries that might be included if space allows (p. 57) F. 158 suggested entries that are not likely to be included (p. 67) Note: As of April 20, 2011, we have 409 entries/articles to be included in the Barents Encyclopedia! Thus, we do not need any more new entry suggestions unless this is required for reasons of “balance” or serious omissions! Column contents In column “S” the status of the entry word is indicated (for labels, see top of p. 4). In column “E” the suggested entry word is stated. In column “Enc” the a cronym for the encyclopedia where the entry was found (see listing below) or the name of the person suggesting the entry is listed. In column “T” the “topics category” to which the suggested entry belongs (see category codes 1–12 below); In column “T alt” an alternative topic classification is given. In column “L” the suggested Length of entry is stated. (For labels of the different types of entries identified, see table below!) In column “A” the name (and affiliation/email address) of the suggested author is listed. In column “C” you may enter comments about the suggested entry. -
The Russification of Komi
Slavica Helsingiensia 27 The Slavicization of the Russian North. Mechanisms and Chronology. Ed. by Juhani Nuorluoto. Die Slavisierung Nordrusslands. Mechanismen und Chronologie. Hrsg. von Juhani Nuorluoto. Славянизация Русского Севера. Mеханизмы и хронология. Под ред. Юхани Нуорлуото. Helsinki 2006 ISBN 952–10–2852–1, ISSN 0780–3281; ISBN 952–10–2928–5 (PDF) Marja Leinonen (Helsinki) The Russification of Komi It has been commonplace in western linguistics to speak about languages in isolation. Although there were proponents of language contacts as a factor in language change, i.e. historical linguistics in Europe – the main representatives in Balkan studies – the interest in language contact is of a fairly recent origin. Nowadays, one can hardly avoid dealing with it, if one takes the research of lan- guage change seriously. This does not, of course, minimize the role of language- inherent change or typological tendencies. The effect of a contiguous linguistic system is an additive factor, but sometimes it crucially defines the types of change, sometimes even leads to a total change of language, a language shift. Formerly, the effects of another language were termed superstratum, sub- stratum and adstratum. When dealing with the European North, Russia, the two latter terms are relevant. In a substratum situation, one language takes another’s place entirely, preserving some features of the former linguistic system. Typical- ly, such features are phonetic or syntactic. Since the seminal monograph by Terrence Kaufman and Sarah G. Thomason (1988), this change is called lan- guage shift, thus highlighting the point of view of the speakers who shift from one language to another. -
Languages of the Peoples of the Russian Federation: Legal Aspect of Language Policy in a Multinational Country
Proceedings of INTCESS 2021 8th International Conference on Education and Education of Social Sciences 18-19 January, 2021 LANGUAGES OF THE PEOPLES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: LEGAL ASPECT OF LANGUAGE POLICY IN A MULTINATIONAL COUNTRY Vida Yu. Mikhalchenko1, Elena A. Kondrashkina2, Svetlana V. Kirilenko3* 1Prof. Dr., Head Scientific Researcher, Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, RUSSIA, [email protected] 2Senior Scientific Researcher, Candidate of Sciences (Philology), Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, RUSSIA, [email protected] 3Scientific Researcher, Candidate of Sciences (Philology), Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences; Assoc. Prof., RUSSIA, [email protected] *Corresponding Author Abstract The article gives an overview of the history of language legislation development in the Russian Federation, i.e. it considers the formation and implementation of regulations for the use of a language in different spheres of communication, which in the long run contributed to maintaining language well-being, safeguarded peaceful co-existence of languages, helped to avoid providing basis for language conflicts. Language legislation, as a rule, is represented in separate articles of the Constitution, state programs and laws on languages, being a means of the conscious influence of society on languages. Generally speaking, language legislation is to be designed to correspond to the characteristics of a language situation in which it will be applied. Besides, it is to cater to the social needs of a whole society (language unity) and individual language communities (language diversity) to the maximum extent. The adoption of laws that take into account all ethno-cultural factors mentioned above is only one stage on the way towards harmonizing national-language relations. -
On the Questions in Developing Computational Infrastructure for Komi-Permyak
On the questions in developing computational infrastructure for Komi-Permyak Jack Rueter Niko Partanen University of Helsinki University of Helsinki [email protected] [email protected] Larisa Ponomareva University of Helsinki [email protected] Abstract вычислительнӧй ресурсісь, медбы керны сыись пермяцкӧйӧ. Медодз There are two main written Komi vari- энӧ вежсьӧммесӧ колӧ керны FST-ын, eties, Permyak and Zyrian. These are mu- но мийӧ сідзжӧ видзӧтам, кыдз FST tually intelligible but derive from different лӧсялӧ Быдкодь Йитсьӧммезлӧн схемаӧ parts of the same Komi dialect continuum, морфология ладорсянь. representing the varieties prominent in the vicinity and in the cities of Syktyvkar and 1 Introduction Kudymkar, respectively. Hence, they share The Komi language is a member of the Permic a vast number of features, as well as the branch of the Uralic language family. By nature, it majority of their lexicon, yet the overlap in is a pluricentric language, which, in addition to hav- their dialects is very complex. This paper ing two strong written traditions (Komi-Zyrian and evaluates the degree of difference in these Komi-Permyak), can be divided into several vari- written varieties based on changes required eties. Although some of the other varieties do ex- for computational resources in the descrip- hibit written use, no actual new written standards tion of these languages when adapted from seem to be emerging (Цыпанов, 2009). Both Zyr- the Komi-Zyrian original. Primarily these ian and Permyak have long and established writ- changes include the FST architecture, but ten traditions, with continuous contemporary use. we are also looking at its application to the There are also numerous dialect resources currently Universal Dependencies annotation scheme available, i.e. -
Studies in Uralic Vocalism II: Reflexes of Proto-Uralic *A in Samoyed, Mansi and Permic
Kirill Reshetnikov Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow) Mikhail Zhivlov Russian State University for the Humanities (Moscow) Studies in Uralic vocalism II: 1 Reflexes of Proto-Uralic *a in Samoyed, Mansi and Permic The paper presents a set of rules that explain the complementary distribution of the reflexes of alleged Proto-Uralic vowels * and *å in Proto-Samoyed, Proto-Mansi and Proto-Permic. Our aim is to show that the reconstruction of one vowel *a instead of these two phonemes is sufficient for the explanation of all the reflexes in the languages under consideration. Keywords: Uralic languages, Finno-Ugric languages, Samoyed languages, Mansi language, Komi language, Udmurt language, comparative phonology, linguistic reconstruction, Proto- Uralic vocalism. Most present day works dealing with historical phonology and etymology of Uralic lan- guages accept that in the first syllable of some Proto-Uralic lexical stems there must have been a high unrounded back vowel. This phoneme, usually marked as * and sometimes as *, is absent in most early variants of the Proto-Uralic reconstruction as well as in the recon- struction system tentatively used in UEW, but is present in works by Juha Janhunen, Pekka Sammallahti and their followers [Sammallahti 1979; Janhunen 1981; Sammallahti 1988; Aikio 2002; Aikio 2006]. A version of Finno-Ugric historical phonology giving the same vowel the status of a proto-language phoneme was suggested already by Wolfgang Steinitz [Stei- nitz 1944]. The reason why the vowel system of Proto-Uralic was enlarged by * is that Balto-Finnic *a of the first syllable together with its counterparts in Mordvinic, Saami and Mari has a variety of correspondences in other Uralic languages, in particular in Samoyed. -
Book of Abstracts
Congressus Duodecimus Internationalis Fenno-Ugristarum, Oulu 2015 Book of Abstracts Edited by Harri Mantila Jari Sivonen Sisko Brunni Kaisa Leinonen Santeri Palviainen University of Oulu, 2015 Oulun yliopisto, 2015 Photographs: © Oulun kaupunki ja Oulun yliopisto ISBN: 978-952-62-0851-0 Juvenes Print This book of abstracts contains all the abstracts of CIFU XII presentations that were accepted. Chapter 1 includes the abstracts of the plenary presentations, chapter 2 the abstracts of the general session papers and chapter 3 the abstracts of the papers submitted to the symposia. The abstracts are presented in alphabetical order by authors' last names except the plenary abstracts, which are in the order of their presentation in the Congress. The abstracts are in English. Titles in the language of presentation are given in brackets. We have retained the transliteration of the names from Cyrillic to Latin script as it was in the original papers. Table of Contents 1 Plenary presentations 7 2 Section presentations 19 3 Symposia 199 Symp. 1. Change of Finnic languages in a multilinguistic environment .......................................................................... 201 Symp. 2. Multilingual practices and code-switching in Finno-Ugric communities .......................................................................... 215 Symp. 3. From spoken Baltic-Finnic vernaculars to their national standardizations and new literary languages – cancelled ...... 233 Symp. 4. The syntax of Samoyedic and Ob-Ugric languages ...... 233 Symp. 5. The development