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Reference Library Cumulative Index MA.cu-ttlpgs. qxp 3/31/04 10:17 AM Page 3
Reference Library Cumulative Index
Cumulates Indexes For: Middle Ages: Almanac Middle Ages: Biographies Middle Ages: Primary Sources
Judy Galens, Index Coordinator Middle Ages Reference Library: Cumulative Index 10 987654321 Printed intheUnitedStatesofAmerica produced bypermissionoftheCorbisCorporation. The frontcoverphotographofcrusadersdisembarkinginEgyptwasre- ISBN 0-7876-5575-9 Marco DiVita, GraphixGroup, Kenn Zorn, Pamela A.E.Galbreath, Judy Galens, Staff part inanyform. includingtherightofreproduction inwholeor All rightsreserved, U•X•L, animprintofTheGaleGroup Copyright ©2001 formation. Allrightstothepublicationwillbevigorouslydefended. coordination, expression,arrangement,andclassificationofthein- through oneormoreofthefollowing:uniqueandoriginalselection, this workhaveaddedvaluetotheunderlyingfactualmaterialherein competition, andotherapplicablelaws.Theauthoreditorsof copyright laws,aswellbymisappropriation,tradesecret,unfair This publicationisacreativeworkfullyprotectedbyallapplicable Product DesignManager Index Coordinator Senior Art Director Senior Art Typesetting Middle Ages Reference Library Cumulative Index
A=Middle Ages: Almanac B=Middle Ages: Biographies PS=Middle Ages: Primary Sources
A Abraham Bold type indicates set title, A 66 main entries, and their page Aachen Abu al-Abbas numbers. A 34–36 A 37 B 1: 64, 66, 66 (ill.), 2: 205 Abu Bakr Italic type indicates volume Abbasid caliphate A 68 numbers. A 75, 78, 139, 209 B 2: 260, 263 B 1: 99, 103, 2: 276, 306 Abu Talib Illustrations are marked by Abbasids B 2: 258 (ill.). A 70, 71, 79 Abu Ya’qub Yusuf B 1: 99, 2: 276 B 1: 33–35 ’Abd al-Mu’mim Abu Yusuf Ya’qub. See al-Mansur B 1: 32 Academy Award Abd-ar-Rahman B 2: 196 A 69, 70 Acre Abd ar-Rahman III A 115, 116, 124 A 88 B 2: 298, 315, 326 B 2: 352 PS 21 Abdullah Adelaide B 2: 258 B 1: 171, 172 Abelard, Peter Adeodatus A 108, 109 B 1: 24 B 1: 1–8, 1 (ill.), 47–51, 117, 2: Adrian IV 349 A 114 Aborigines Adrianople A 158 A 82
1 Adriatic Sea Aladdin Alexandria B 2: 318 A 71 A 199, 211 Adulis PS 79 B 1: 45, 140, 2: 204, 222, A 202 Al-Adil 225, 233, 255, 287 Aegean Sea B 2: 327 PS 31 A 83 Alaric The Alexiad Afghanistan A 16, 17 B 1: 167 A 68, 138, 147, 148 Alaska PS 5–13 B 1: 134, 2: 220, 226, 263, B 2: 300 Alexis I Comnenus 299, 302, 331, 345 Ala-ud-din. See Ala-ud-din A 99, 102 PS 34, 41 Muhammad Khalji B 1: 166, 181 Afonso I Ala-ud-din Muhammad PS 6, 9 A 211, 219 Khalji Alfonso Afonso V A 148, 149 B 1: 99–102 B 1: 156, 158 B 1: 9–14, 2: 303 Alfred the Great Africa Albania B 1: 40–41, 41 (ill.), 45, 58 A 1, 3, 6, 7, 9, 15, 17, 48, A 59, 83 Algebra 64, 65, 69, 70, 75, B 2: 275, 279 A 62, 72 87–89, 92, 172, 197, PS 7 B 1: 94, 2: 237 201–11, 225 Al-Bekri Algeria B 1: 24–26, 29, 32, 36, PS 25, 26 A 15 154–58, 164, 2: 199, Albertus Magnus B 1: 24, 2: 248 202, 204, 220, 229, 233, B 2: 350 PS 58 243–49, 258, 278, 282, Al-Ghazali 292, 304, 339, 351 Albigenses A 68 PS 2, 23–25, 27, 28, 31, A 65, 123 B 1: 34 57, 58, 136, 140, 151 B 1: 125 Alhambra Against Fortunatus the Albigensian Crusade A 69, 70 Manichee A 123, 124 B 1: 27 B 1: 125, 177, 182, 183 Alhazen B 2: 235, 239–40 Age of Discovery Alchemy A 220, 225 A 122, 127 Ali B 1: 159 B 1: 37, 2: 239, 240 A 63, 68, 69 Age of Exploration Alcuin B 2: 258, 260, 263 A 2, 3 A 36 Ali Baba B 1: 159, 2: 222, 304 B 1: 36, 63, 113–14, 119 A 71 Agincourt Alemanni PS 54, 73, 79 A 217 B 1: 80 Al-Idrisi B 2: 192 PS 95, 97, 99 B 2: 220, 235 Agnes of Poitou Aleppo Alighieri, Dante. See Dante B 1: 147 B 2: 322 Alighieri Agra Alexander III (pope) Al-Khayzuran A 149 A 114, 204 B 1: 98 Agriculture B 1: 173 Al-Khwarizmi A 2, 187, 190 Alexander VI (pope) B 2: 235, 237–38 PS 108 A 218 Allah Aisha Alexander Nevsky A 62, 65–68, 144 A 68 A 130, 131 B 1: 13, 34, 2: 257–60, B 2: 260, 263 B 1: 15–22, 15 (ill.), 20 263, 302, 305, 306, Akbar (ill.) 308–10 A 139, 149 Alexander the Great PS 15, 19, 21, 78, 79 Aksum A 134 Allarcos A 201, 202 B 1: 12, 2: 257, 275 B 1: 35, 36
2 Adriatic Sea A=Middle Ages: Almanac B=Middle Ages: Biographies All Men Are Brothers B 2: 357 Annals of Rajasthan PS 161 Anastasius A 149 Al-Mahdi B 1: 36 Annam B 1: 98 Anatolia B 2: 214 Al-Mansur A 77, 82, 83, 104, 110, Anselm. See Anselm of Can- B 1: 34–36 115. See also Asia terbury Al-Masalik wa ’l-Mamalik Minor; Turkey Anselm of Canterbury PS 23–31 B 1: 174, 2: 273, 276–78, A 108 Al-Mas’udi 331, 346, 360. See also B 1: 3, 114–15, 115 (ill.), B 1: 161, 163–64, 2: 235 Asia Minor; Turkey 118 Almohads PS 1. See also Turkey PS 118 A 69, 88, 89 Andaman Islands B 1: 32, 2: 224 B 2: 301 Anselm of Laon B 1: 3–6 Almoravids Andes A 69, 89, 205 A 185, 196, 197 Antioch B 1: 32, 101, 102 B 2: 282, 283 A 104 Al-Mu’tamin Andrew (St.) B 1: 107, 140, 2: 324 B 1: 101 B 2: 293 PS 10, 12, 139, 141 Al Omari Anekdota Anti-Semitism B 2: 229 PS 142 A 85–87, 90, 91 Alp Arslan Angkor Empire Apollo A 80 A 152, 154 B 1: 179 Al-Qayrawan B 2: 285 A 88 Apostles Angkor Thom A 10, 24 Al-Razi A 152, 155 B 1: 86, 2: 205 B 2: 235, 238–39, 239 (ill.) B 2: 284, 285 PS 113, 115, 128 Alsace Angkor Wat PS 45, 48 Aquinas, Thomas. See A 152, 153, 156, 157, 159 B 2: 247 Thomas Aquinas B 2: 284, 285 Amazon Aquitaine B 2: 283 Angles A 110, 114 A 22, 63, 162 Ambrose B 1: 105, 106, 108, B 1: 40 B 1: 26, 139 110–12, 116, 180, 2: PS 145, 146, 148 PS 58 314 Anglo-Saxons Ambrosius Aurelianus Arabesque A 95, 118 A 118 A 62, 74 B 1: 80 B 1: 41, 80, 81, 142 Arabia America. See also United Angola A 210 A 5, 6, 37, 61, 64, 65, 68, States 88 Animism A 2, 6, 115, 158, 185–99, B 1: 36, 156, 157, 2: 230, A 176 209 236, 257, 258, 263, 302 Anjou B 1: 41, 113, 2: 204, 217, PS 22, 74, 142 218, 220, 222, 255, 281, A 96 284, 287, 289, 293 B 1: 105, 108–11, 2: 366, Arabian Nights. See The Thou- American Civil Liberties 367 sand and One Nights Union (ACLU) PS 123, 150 Arabian Peninsula PS 89 An Lu-shan A 61 Anagni A 168 B 1: 164, 2: 221, 257, 323 B 1: 140 B 1: 4, 188, 2: 342, 360 Arabic Anahobe Anna Comnena A 13, 72, 74, 146, 208 B 2: 330 B 1: 161, 166–67, 181, 2: B 1: 34, 36, 37, 49, 98, Anarchy 324, 325 102, 2: 260, 302 A 142, 154, 169, 182, 218 PS 1, 2, 5–13 PS 20, 24
PS=Middle Ages: Primary Sources Arabic 3 Arabs Art Assassins A 5, 6, 50, 63–65, 69–74, A 20, 28, 30, 48, 52–54, A 69, 81, 136 80, 102, 127, 139, 145, 62, 83, 110–13, 142, B 2: 316, 323, 361 146, 209 162, 170, 178, 184, 189, Assyria B 1: 37, 44, 163, 189, 2: 198, 221 A 61 213, 257, 258, 321, 322 Arthur (of England; leg- Astrology PS 2, 16–18, 142 endary king) A 122, 127, 189 Aragon A 118–20 B 1: 69, 70, 94, 153, 154 A 219 B 1: 80, 81 PS 36, 39 B 1: 99, 100, 174 PS 147, 156 Astronomy Archaeology Arthur of Anjou A 34, 36, 72, 127, 167, A 172, 186, 188, 195, 196 B 1: 109, 111 187–89 Archbishop of Canterbury Artillery B 1: 55, 2: 237, 238, 240 A 107, 114 A 108, 111 Asturias B 1: 114–16, 142, 2: 314 Artisans A 219 Archbishops PS 27, 48, 82, 84 Asuka period PS 114 Aryabhata A 176 Architecture B 2: 235, 236–37, 238 PS 103 A 4, 30, 35, 36, 54, 55, 69, Aryabhatiya Aswan 74, 110–12, 113, 142, B 2: 237 B 2: 239 205, 220 Ashikaga shogunate Atahualpa B 1: 64, 175, 2: 204, 365, A 183 A 198 368 B 1: 57 Athanasius Arianism Ashikaga Takauji B 2: 204 A 12, 16, 25 A 183 Athens B 1: 79, 81, 142 B 1: 56 B 1: 4, 30, 96, 98, 112, PS 90, 94, 99 135, 166, 176, 185, 186, Ashkenazim Arigböge 2: 333, 342, 348, 360, A 86, 90 B 2: 211 370 Asia Aristocracy PS 130 A 12, 37, 47–51, 57, 59, A 20, 31, 178–80, 182 Atlantic Ocean 64, 75, 77, 80, 82, 104, B 1: 41 A 9, 205 126, 131, 133–37, 142, B 1: 155, 2: 254 Aristotle 151–53, 155, 156, 164, A 72, 129 165, 167, 168, 171, 172, Atlantis B 1: 31, 33–35, 35 (ill.), 175, 197, 214 A 158 37, 49, 2: 226, 236, 351 B 1: 10, 13, 14, 86, 125, Attila Arius 129, 130, 156, 187, 2: A 16, 17, 37, 38, 42 A 12 199, 209, 210, 212, 220, Audovera Armenia 221, 254, 258, 273, 274, B 2: 373 A 50, 59, 138 282, 292, 298, 300–03, Augustine B 1: 44, 134, 2: 346 331, 332, 342, 344, 360 A 4, 15, 16, 29, 65 PS 6 PS 1, 3, 15, 33, 34, 54, 74, B 1: 23–30, 23 (ill.), 53, Armenian Christians 104, 105, 132 74, 121, 139, 143, 162, A 104 Asia Minor. See also Anato- 179, 2: 292 Armor lia; Turkey PS 53, 57–64 A 5, 34, 38, 39, 110, 117, A 12, 47–49, 59, 77, 80, Augustine of Canterbury 120, 181, 217, 221–23 104, 126 B 1: 142 B 2: 193, 194, 198, 248, B 1: 86, 187, 2: 220, 273, Australia 326 292, 298 A 158 PS 71, 148 Assassination PS 151 Arsuf A 8, 68 Austria B 2: 316, 327 B 1: 117, 2: 206 A 19, 96, 124, 131, 218
4 Arabs A=Middle Ages: Almanac B=Middle Ages: Biographies B 1: 17, 108, 135, 2: 247, PS 128 Basil II 315, 316, 318 Bacon, Roger A 50, 53, 58, 59 PS 33 A 129 B 1: 39–45, 39 (ill.), 58, Austro-Hungarian Empire B 2: 235, 240–41, 241 172, 2: 230 B 1: 19 (ill.) Battle of ... See place names, Auxerre Baffin Island for example, Hastings B 2: 291 B 2: 218, 219 Batu Avalon Baghdad A 135 A 118 A 70–72, 75, 79, 136, 138, B 1: 16, 17 Avars 146 Baudricourt A 54, 78 B 1: 99, 103, 164, 2: 213, B 2: 193 Averroës 237, 238, 276, 307, 310 Bavaria A 72, 127, 129 Bagrat III A 34, 96 B 1: 31–37, 31 (ill.), 49, 2: A 139 B 1: 170, 180 227, 235, 350, 351 Bagratid dynasty PS 82 Avicenna A 139 Bayeux Tapestry A 72, 127 B 1: 44 A 95 B 1: 49, 2: 226–28, 227 Bajazed B 2: 369 (ill.) (ill.), 235, 236, 239 A 83, 138 PS 152 Avignon B 2: 347 Bay of Bengal A 132, 222, 226 Balban B 2: 301 B 1: 118, 183 A 148 Beatrice PS 46, 47, 50, 124, 128 Baldwin of Boulogne B 1: 91–93, 95 Axayacatl A 103 PS 122, 129 B 2: 254 Bali Becket, Thomas à Ayyubid dynasty A 155 A 114, 116 A 75 Balkan Peninsula B 1: 115–17, 116 (ill.), 2: B 2: 322 A 218 314 Azcapotzalco B 2: 274, 275, 278, 318 Bede. See Venerable Bede A 192 Baltic Sea Bedouins Azerbaijan A 41 A 64 B 2: 345, 346 B 1: 16 B 2: 258 Azores Ban Kulin Beijing B 1: 158 B 2: 274, 275 A 134, 173 Aztec Empire The Banquet B 1: 134, 2: 209, 298–301, A 187, 190–94, 195, 196, B 1: 94 303, 339 197, 198 Bantu Belasitsa B 2: 251–56, 281 A 201, 207–11 A 59 Barbarians Belgium A 6, 9, 10, 13, 17, 28, 33, A 126 48, 90, 134, 146, 161, B 1: 78, 2: 221, 246, 360 B 171, 172, 223 Belgrade Babur B 1: 29, 36, 78, 166 A 104 A 139, 149 PS 7, 16, 35, 94, 148, 155 Belisarius B 2: 347 Bardas Phocas A 48, 52 Babylon B 1: 40–42 B 2: 202, 203, 205 A 222 Bardas Sclerus PS 135, 136, 140 B 2: 293 B 1: 40–42 Belize PS 128 Bar Sauma, Rabban A 185 Babylonia B 2: 213, 220 Belle Isle A 61, 62 PS 41 B 2: 219 “Babylonian Captivity” “Base-10” system Benedict A 222 A 146 A 25–27
PS=Middle Ages: Primary Sources Benedict 5 B 1: 178–79, 179 (ill.), Boethius Bosnia 184, 2: 350 B 1: 41, 53–59, 53 (ill.) A 83 Benedictine monks Bohemia B 1: 19, 2: 274, 275 A 27, 45 A 56, 99, 224 Bosporus B 1: 142 B 1: 18, 19, 170 A 104 Benedictine Rule Bohemond Braveheart B 1: 179 A 102, 103, 106 B 2: 196 Benin B 2: 324, 325 Brendan A 211 PS 7–13 B 2: 222 Berengaria Bolivia Brian Boru B 2: 315 A 197 B 1: 132–33, 133 (ill.), 135 Berenguer Bologna Britain B 1: 101 B 1: 69, 173, 178, 181 A 19, 21, 22, 39, 42, 92, Bernard of Clairvaux Boniface VIII (pope) 119. See also England A 109, 110 A 132, 222 B 1: 80, 114, 142, 162, 2: B 1: 7, 47–52, 47 (ill.), 51 B 1: 140–41, 141 (ill.), 183 289, 290, 293. See also (ill.), 105, 107, 292 PS 124 England Berne Book of Changes in Fortune PS 145, 146, 151. See also PS 46, 47 B 1: 72 England Bible Book of Kells British Isles A 24, 27–29, 73, 85, 87, A 28 A 13, 28, 36, 39 102, 113, 130, 224, 225 Book of Roger Britons B 1: 1, 4, 26, 28, 41, 74, B 2: 220 A 21, 22, 118 139, 150, 154, 162, 186, B 1: 80, 81 The Book of Ser Marco Polo 187, 2: 259, 290, 291 PS 145 the Venetian Concern- PS 15, 54, 95, 113, 124 Brittany ing the Kingdoms and B 1: 2, 3, 5, 7 Bingham, Hiram Marvels of the East A 196 B 2: 302 Brunelleschi, Filippo Bishops PS 33–41 A 220 A 10, 12, 100, 101, 123, Brunhilda Book of the City of Ladies 132 PS 100 B 1: 73, 74 B 1: 145, 147 Buck, Pearl Book of the Deeds and Virtues PS 90, 112, 114, 115 PS 161 of the Wise King Charles Bjarni Herjolfsson Buddha. See Siddhartha V B 2: 218 Gautama B 1: 73 Black Death Buddhism Book of the Duchess A 91, 213–15, 217, 218, A 66, 68, 141–45, 155, B 1: 118 226 162, 163, 166, 168, 170, Book of the Order of Chivalry B 2: 266, 361 176, 178, 179, 183 PS 87 PS 3, 43–45, 49–51 B 2: 284, 301, 329–31, Black Guelphs Book of the Road of Long 339 B 1: 92 Study PS 67, 68, 91, 103–05, 161 Black Sea B 1: 73 Bulgaria A 57, 58, 78, 79, 139, 214 Book of Three A 48, 50, 55, 59, 78, 82, B 2: 301 B 1: 74 83, 104, 218 Blues and Greens Boris I B 1: 18, 88, 89, 2: 274, A 52, 56 B 2: 274 275, 279 B 2: 201 Borneo Bulgars PS 137 A 155, 158 A 50, 54, 55, 58, 78 Boccaccio, Giovanni Borobudur B 1: 16, 2: 275 A 221 A 155 Burgundians B 1: 74, 119, 2: 265–67, Borte A 21, 30 267 (ill.), 270, 271 B 1: 130, 131 PS 94, 98
6 Benedictine monks A=Middle Ages: Almanac B=Middle Ages: Biographies Burgundy B 1: 164, 2: 225, 229, 232, Canterbury Tales A 96, 217, 225 247 A 221 B 1: 70, 2: 195, 246, 247 Calicut B 1: 119 Burkina Faso B 1: 156, 157 PS 80 A 211 Caliph Canute B 2: 248 A 37, 62, 68, 88, 89, 136 A 42, 44, 95 Burma B 1: 32, 33, 35, 98, 103, 2: B 2: 366 A 137, 152–54 239, 240, 247, 248, 257, Capetians B 2: 285, 303 263, 323, 352 A 94 Bursa Caliphate Cardinals A 82 A 49, 62, 68–71, 75, 78, A 94, 100, 222 B 2: 277, 278 79, 102, 139, 145, 209 B 1: 147, 179 Bushido B 1: 32, 35–37, 39, 98, 99, Carloman A 181, 182 103, 2: 263, 276, 306, B 1: 62, 63 323 Buwayhids Carolingian Age Calixtus II (pope) A 79 A 33–46, 90 B 1: 151 Byzantine Empire B 1: 63, 64, 114 A 3, 5, 12, 13, 14, 18, Calixtus III (pope) Carolingian Renaissance 47–60, 72, 74, 78, 83, A 218 A 35–36 96, 98, 99, 104, 123, B 2: 198 Carthage 127, 130, 139, 202, Calligraphy B 1: 24–26, 25 (ill.) 218–20 A 162, 170 PS 57–60, 63 B 1: 39, 41, 43, 44, 45, 54, Calpurnius 65, 86, 87, 88, 98, 137, B 2: 289 Casimir III 140, 158, 166, 167, 170, Cambodia B 1: 19 173, 181, 182, 185, 187, A 152, 154, 155, 158, 159 Caspian Sea 189, 190, 2: 199, 200, B 2: 284, 287 A 68, 139 202, 203, 204, 205, 213, Camelot B 1: 164, 2: 263 236, 273, 274–78, 302, A 118 Castile 324, 325, 331, 353 B 1: 80, 83 A 219 PS 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, Camera obscura B 1: 49, 98–102, 124 13, 16, 21, 22, 132, 135, B 2: 240 Castles 136, 137, 140–42 Campaldino A 4–6, 110, 111, 117, 120, Byzantines B 1: 92 183, 184, 219 A 23, 42, 48–50, 52–54, Canada Cathars 59, 64, 80, 96, 98, 99, B 2: 218, 219 A 123 104, 110, 122 Canary Islands B 1: 125, 182 Byzantium. See Byzantine B 1: 155 Cathay Empire Canonization B 2: 297, 298, 304 A 20, 24, 114 PS 35, 38 B 1: 66, 115, 117, 126, Cathedrals 163, 354 A 112–14 C Canon of Medicine B 1: 2, 3, 114 B 2: 227 Catholic Church Cabala Canossa A 1, 2, 8, 10, 19, 20, 51, A 86, 90 A 101 91, 94, 132, 141, 178, B 1: 49 B 1: 148–50 223 Caen PS 116, 118 B 1: 1, 17–19, 48, 49, 50, B 2: 365 Canterbury 52, 79, 86, 87, 88, 89, Caesarea A 107, 114, 221 92, 105, 109, 114, 121, PS 136, 143 B 1: 3, 113–17, 119, 142, 133, 140, 145, 146, 182, Cairo 2: 314 186, 2: 213, 241, 274, A 72, 75, 82 PS 80, 118 290, 298, 367
PS=Middle Ages: Primary Sources Catholic Church 7 PS 1, 5, 44, 50, 89, 90, 93, Chain mail Chaucer, Geoffrey 111, 113, 124, 125, 128, A 34, 38, 39, 110. See also A 221 146, 149 Armor B 1: 59, 113, 118–19, 118 Caucasus Champa (ill.), 2: 267 A 83, 139 A 152, 153 PS 80 B 2: 346 B 2: 214, 301 Chavín Cauchon, Peter Champagne A 185, 194 B 2: 196 A 126 Cheng Ho Cavalcanti, Guido B 2: 192 A 172, 209 B 1: 92 Ch’ang-an B 1: 156, 159, 2: 220, 339 Cavalry A 167–69, 178–80 Childeric A 8, 14, 37, 50 B 2: 336 B 1: 78 B 2: 244, 248 Chao Kou Children’s Crusade PS 148 B 2: 338 A 124, 125 Celestine V (pope) Chao K’uang-yin B 1: 182 B 1: 140, 141 A 169 Chilperic B 2: 338 Celts B 1: 79, 2: 373 Chao Ping A 7, 13, 21 PS 94, 98, 100 B 2: 339 B 1: 80, 81 China PS 145 Chapel of San Damiano A 6, 14, 22, 70, 78, 127, B 1: 123 Cenotes 128, 134, 137, 138, 146, A 188 Charlemagne 151, 152, 154, 158, A 31, 33–37, 39, 45, 53, 161–74, 175, 178–81, Central America 56, 93, 96, 97, 119 208, 209, 219, 225 A 185, 186 B 1: 61–67, 61 (ill.), 63 B 1: 4, 56, 129, 134, 156, Central Asia (ill.), 65 (ill.), 83, 99, 157, 159, 161, 164, 165, A 77, 131, 133–35, 137, 113, 114, 133, 146, 188, 190, 2: 209–15, 164, 165, 168, 171, 172, 169–71, 185, 187, 189, 220, 267, 298–301, 303, 175 2: 204, 246, 274 304, 329–32, 335–42, B 1: 13, 129, 130, 2: 209, PS 90, 99, 100, 111, 147 347, 357–62, 371, 372, 210, 221, 274, 298, 302, Charles V 374, 375 331, 342, 344, 360 B 1: 69, 70, 73 PS 3, 33–36, 38–41, 67, PS 1, 15, 33, 34, 74 PS 83 76, 91, 103–05, 109, Central Europe Charles VI 155–57, 160, 161 A 90, 114 B 1: 73 Ch’in dynasty B 1: 85, 89 Charles VII A 161 Ceolfrid A 217 Ch’in Shih Huang Ti B 1: 162 B 2: 191, 193 B 2: 361 Certaldo Charles Martel Chitor B 2: 267 A 31, 33, 38, 93 A 149 Cervantes, Miguel de B 1: 62 Chivalry A 222 PS 99 A 2, 4, 5, 18, 32, 46, 106, B 2: 265 Charles of Anjou 116, 119, 120, 132, 181, Ceuta PS 123 226 B 1: 154, 155 Charles the Bold PS 87, 100, 153 Ceylon B 2: 246–47, 247 (ill.) Chlodomir A 144–46, 172 Chartres B 1: 79, 83 B 1: 10, 156, 157, 164, 2: A 112, 113, 156 PS 95, 99, 100 301, 303 Chateau Chlothar Chagatai A 108, 111 B 2: 373 A 137 Chatillon Chola B 2: 210, 213, 343, 344 B 2: 326 B 1: 10, 14
8 Caucasus A=Middle Ages: Almanac B=Middle Ages: Biographies Choson Chu Hsi Clement III (antipope) A 179 A 170 A 101 Chou Church and state B 1: 150, 151 B 2: 357, 358 A 52, 93, 100–02, 114, Clement III (pope) Christ. See Jesus Christ 115, 121 B 1: 173, 179 B 1: 115, 145, 150, 151 PS 117 Christendom PS 89–91, 93, 100, 103, Clement IV (pope) A 28, 34 111, 121 B 2: 241 B 1: 37, 47, 142, 181 Church of England Clement V (pope) Christianity A 225 A 132 A 1, 11, 12, 15, 16, 18, Church of San Vitale PS 124 23–25, 27–30, 32, 34, A 35, 51, 54 Clement VII (antipope) 42, 53, 56, 59, 62, 63, B 1: 64, 2: 202–04 A 222 65, 66, 68, 75, 86, 87, PS 140, 142 Clergy 90, 95, 136, 162, 168, Church of St. John Lateran A 48, 51 202, 204, 220, 223 B 1: 125 Cloister B 1: 1, 23–29, 35, 36, 51, Church of St. Julian A 20, 25 58, 62, 79–81, 86–88, B 2: 309 Clotilde 114, 124, 126, 139, 141, Church of St. Peter B 1: 77, 77 (ill.), 79, 80 142, 145, 158, 175, 187, A 16 PS 94, 95, 97, 98, 100 2: 204, 205, 212, 213, Church of the Holy Apostles 218, 258, 260, 261, 263, Clovis B 2: 205 274, 276, 290, 291–94, A 29, 30 305, 316, 324, 326, 328, Chu Ti B 1: 61, 62, 77–83, 77 340, 351, 352, 361 B 2: 339 (ill.), B 2: 329, 373 PS 1, 5, 15, 24, 46, 48, 50, Chu Yüan-chang PS 90, 93–101, 111 57–59, 62, 90, 91, A 172 Cluniacs 93–96, 98–100, 113, B 2: 339 A 45 124 Cicero Cluny PS 59, 62 A 45 Christianization Cilicia B 1: 180 B 1: 44 B 2: 298 Code of Maimonides PS 124 Cistercian Order B 2: 225 Christians A 106, 132 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor A 8, 10–12, 16, 24, 25, 52, B 1: 47, 48, 52, 2: 311 B 2: 214 (ill.), 215 53, 62, 65–67, 69, 80, City of God Collection of a Myriad of 81, 87, 89, 91, 92, 104, A 15, 16 Leaves 106, 110, 139, 145, 202, B 1: 23, 28, 29, 74 A 180 219, 222, 223 PS 62 College of Cardinals PS 15, 17, 21, 36, 41, 44, The City of Ladies A 94, 100 46, 58, 89, 93, 94, 113, B 1: 69, 73, 74 Cologne 116, 149 PS 81–84, 88 B 1: 80, 2: 351 Christine de Pisan City-state Columba (St.) B 1: 69–75, 69 (ill.) A 48, 157, 185, 192 A 28 PS 53, 55, 81–88 B 1: 15, 2: 297 Columbus, Christopher Christmas Civil war A 219, 225 A 35 A 148, 210 B 2: 217, 304 B 1: 18, 65, 2: 267, 292, PS 109, 156, 160 PS 40 368 Clare of Assisi Communion Chronicles of Japan B 1: 125 A 34, 40, 94, 101 A 180 Classic period B 1: 85 PS 103, 109 A 190 PS 147–49 Chronographia Clement II (pope) Communism B 2: 353 B 1: 146 B 1: 18, 2: 274
PS=Middle Ages: Primary Sources Communism 9 Comnena, Anna. See Anna Constantinople. See also Is- Crusaders Comnena tanbul A 81, 90, 104, 106, 110, Comnenus, Alexis I. See A 12, 25, 41, 49–52, 54, 115, 116, 122–25, 127 Alexis I Comnenus 55, 83, 100, 104, 122, B 1: 166, 167, 173, 182, 2: 126, 218 315, 316, 321, 322, 324, Compiègne B 1: 86–89, 137, 138, 140, 326, 361 B 1: 2 158, 166, 167, 182, 186, Crusader states Comprehensive Mirror for Aid 187, 2: 199–201, 204, A 104, 110 in Chinese Government 205, 273, 275–78, 301, B 1: 181 A 170 353, 360 Crusades. See also First Cru- Concerning Famous Women PS 5, 8, 10–12, 139–42 sade, Second Crusade, B 1: 74 Copernicus, Nicolaus etc. Concordat of Worms B 2: 237 A 6, 72, 75, 80, 81, 90, 93, B 1: 115, 151 Coptic 99, 103, 106, 107, 110, Confessions (Augustine) A 25 117, 120, 121, 124, 126, A 15 Córdoba 127, 130, 132, 146, 203, B 1: 23, 24, 28 B 1: 31, 34, 35, 2: 224 214, 220, 222 PS 53, 57–64 Coroticus B 1: 52, 126, 152, 154, Confessions (Patrick) B 2: 294 167, 181, 182, 2: 232, B 2: 289, 290, 294, 295 Cortés, Hernán 240, 321, 324, 325, 328, A 194 360, 361 Confucianism B 2: 251 PS 2, 3, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, A 162, 164, 168, 170, 179 Cosmidion 16, 21, 22, 86, 91, 119 B 1: 4, 2: 329, 331, 336 PS 7, 8 Cumans PS 91, 104, 105 Council of Chalcedon A 79 Confucius A 25 Cupid A 162, 164 Council of Clermont B 1: 73 B 1: 165, 2: 331, 359 B 1: 181 Cuzco PS 105 Council of Constance A 195, 197, 198 Congo A 222, 224 B 2: 282, 284, 286 A 208, 210, 211 Council of Ephesus Cyprus Congo River A 25 A 115 A 210 Council of Florence B 2: 315 Conrad III A 203 Cyril A 109 Council of Nicaea A 55–57 B 1: 172 A 12, 53 B 1: 18, 42, 85–90, 85 (ill.), 2: 292 Conrad of Montferrat Council of Pisa B 2: 316 A 222 Cyrillic alphabet Courtly love A 55–57 Consolation of Philosophy B 1: 85, 88 B 1: 53, 57, 59 A 108, 119, 130 B 1: 72, 73, 119 Czar Constans II Crane, Stephen A 59, 220 A 50 PS 160 B 1: 21, 43, 2: 274 Constantine “The Cremation of Stras- Czech Republic A 11, 12, 16, 24, 36, 47, bourg Jewry, St. Valen- A 55, 56 53, 80 tine’s Day, February B 1: 18, 21, 86 B 2: 293 14, 1349—About the PS 89, 124, 125, 127 Great Plague and the Constantine V Burning of the Jews” A 53 PS 43–51 B 1: 186 Croatia D Constantine VI A 50, 56 Daigo II B 1: 186, 187, 188 B 1: 19, 2: 274 A 183
10 Comnena, Anna A=Middle Ages: Almanac B=Middle Ages: Biographies Daimyo Description of Africa Donatello A 183 A 206 A 221 Dalai Lama PS 23–31 Donation of Constantine A 166 Description of the World PS 125 Damascus B 2: 302 Don Quixote A 70, 72, 110, 138 Devagiri A 222 B 2: 322, 327, 328 B 1: 12 B 2: 265 Danelaw De vulgari eloquentia Dracula A 39 B 1: 94 B 2: 346, 348 B 1: 41 Dialogue of a Philosopher with Dragon Throne Danes a Jew and a Christian PS 158 A 37, 39, 42 B 1: 7 Dublin B 1: 16, 40, 41, 132, 133 The Diary of Lady A 39 Daniel Sarashina B 1: 132 B 1: 2, 21, 2: 249 PS 65–72 Duns Scotus, John Diaspora A 220 Dante Alighieri A 86, 87 A 4, 221, 225 Dunyzad B 1: 59, 73, 91–96, 91 Diocletian PS 77 (ill.), 93 (ill.), 95 (ill.), A 11 Durazzo 118, 2: 227, 235, 266, B 2: 293 PS 7, 8 267, 328 Dionysius Exiguus PS 89, 91, 121–30 B 2: 352 Danube Diplomacy A 9, 14 A 48, 50, 124 B 2: 283 E Dark Ages Divan A 2, 4, 5, 18, 69 Early Middle Ages A 78, 82 B 1: 83, 114, 2: 353, 354, A 2, 5, 19, 34, 36, 40, 42, Divination 375 86, 99, 146 A 186, 198 B 2: 352 David Divine Comedy B 1: 45, 2: 194, 224, 225, East Africa A 221 249, 287, 304, 328 A 209 B 1: 73, 91–95, 95 (ill.) B 2: 339 Decameron PS 91, 121–30 East Asia A 221 Divorce B 1: 125, 2: 212, 254, 332 B 2: 265–67, 270 A 67 PS 54, 105, 132 PS 80 B 1: 105–07, 2: 325 Easter Deccan Plateau Djenné A 158 A 142, 146 B 2: 248 B 1: 26, 51, 95, 2: 293 B 1: 10, 12 Doctors PS 58, 122 De Hauteville family A 5, 71, 72, 146 Easter Island A 98, 101, 102. See also B 1: 139, 2: 238, 239 A 158 Robert Guiscard PS 17, 161 Eastern Europe. See also Delacroix, Eugène Domesday Book Byzantine Empire B 1: 93 (ill.) B 2: 368, 370 A 1, 4, 21, 41, 42, 47–49, Delhi Dominic 56–59, 86, 99, 130, 134, A 79, 138, 147–49 A 123 137, 218 B 1: 10, 11, 13, 14, 2: 303, B 1: 124, 125, 127, 183, 2: B 1: 18, 21, 86, 88, 2: 210 347 350 PS 5 Delhi Sultanate Dominican Order Eastern Orthodox Church A 79, 147 A 123 A 48, 55, 58, 59 B 1: 10, 11, 13, 14 B 1: 125, 183, 2: 350 B 1: 16, 17, 44, 87, 88, De monarchia Domremy 140, 186, 190 B 1: 94 B 2: 192 PS 5
PS=Middle Ages: Primary Sources Eastern Orthodox Church 11 Eastern Roman Empire. See Elizabeth I Estonians Byzantine Empire A 218 B 1: 16 East Frankish Empire B 1: 59 Ethelred the Unready A 37 El Mehmendar A 95 B 2: 246 B 2: 229 B 2: 367 East Indies Eloquence in the Vernacular PS 145 A 158, 225 Tongue Ethics Ecclesiastical History of the B 1: 94 B 1: 1, 7 English People. See Histo- El Salvador Ethiopia ria ecclesiastica gentis A 185 A 201–03, 204 Étienne du Castel Anglorum Emma of Normandy PS 83 Ecumenical councils B 2: 367 Eucharist A 12, 53, 100, 222 England. See also Britain A 94, 101 Eddas A 4, 22, 24, 28, 39–42, 92, Eugenius III (pope) A 45 95, 96, 107, 114–19, A 109 Edessa 121, 124, 131, 132, 195, B 1: 47, 50 A 104, 109, 110 216–18, 222, 223, 225 Exodus B 1: 50 B 1: 39–41, 59, 63, 80, 81, B 2: 224 Edirne 105, 108–14, 116, 120, Eyck, Jan van A 82 140, 153, 161, 162, 170, A 221 Edward I 174, 180, 2: 191, 192, Ezana A 92 194, 196, 220, 240, 265, A 202 B 1: 156, 2: 196 287, 293, 309, 313, 314, Ezekiel Edward the Black Prince 318, 319, 361, 365–69 B 1: 4 A 217 PS 118, 133, 145, 146, Edward the Confessor 148–52 A 95 English Channel B 2: 367 A 95, 216 PS 146 English language F Egypt A 98 Falkirk A 12, 47, 48, 50, 61, 72, B 1: 113, 2: 368 B 2: 196 75, 79, 81, 82, 88, 115, PS 151 Famine 122, 124, 126, 188, 193, English scholars, thinkers, A 162, 169, 197 201, 202, 205, 209 and writers B 1: 124, 139, 141, 2: 253 B 1: 32, 43, 164, 2: 224, B 1: 113–20 Fa Ngum 225, 232, 233, 239, 247, Enyu A 154 291, 322, 323, 325, 347 PS 68, 69 Far East PS 16, 17, 30, 140, 141 Epistles on the Romance of the A 6, 25, 127, 152, 167 Einhard Rose B 2: 362 B 1: 61, 64 B 1: 73 PS 74 Eisenstein, Sergei Farsi Epistle to the God of Love A 131 A 74 B 1: 73 B 1: 19, 20 B 2: 299 Eriksson, Leif. See Leif Eriks- El Cid PS 38, 74 son A 219 Fate B 1: 97–103, 97 (ill.), 164, Erik the Red PS 46, 118, 138 181, 189 B 2: 217, 222 Fatima Eleanor of Aquitaine Erik the Red’s Saga A 65, 68, 69 A 110, 114 B 2: 217, 222 B 2: 258, 263 B 1: 105–12, 105 (ill.), Eritrea Fatimids 116, 180, 2: 314, 318 A 202 A 75, 81, 88 Eliot, T. S. Ertogrul B 1: 43, 44, 2: 239, 322, B 2: 309 B 2: 276 323
12 Eastern Roman Empire A=Middle Ages: Almanac B=Middle Ages: Biographies Ferdinand (of Portugal) Forbidden City Franks B 1: 156, 157 A 173 A 21, 23, 29, 30, 32, 38, Ferdinand (of Spain) B 2: 339, 340 (ill.) 104 A 219 Fortunatus B 1: 61, 63, 67, 77, 78, 80, PS 24 B 1: 27 82, 83, 142, 2: 321, 375 Fernando I Fortune PS 2, 6, 7, 12, 15, 16, 18, B 1: 98 B 1: 53, 55, 72, 73 19, 21, 22, 90, 93–96, Feudalism PS 160 98, 101, 111 A 2, 3, 20, 31, 37–39, 50, Fredegund Fourth Council of Constan- 114, 124, 129, 180, 181, B 2: 373, 375 tinople 213, 221, 222 PS 100 A 100 B 2: 368 Frederick I Barbarossa Fourth Crusade Fez A 113, 114 A 121 B 2: 224 B 1: 66, 169, 172–74, 173 B 1: 182 Fiammetta (ill.), 2: 315 PS 11, 21 B 2: 266 Frederick II Finnbogi Fourth Lateran Council A 124, 126 B 2: 221 A 101 B 1: 169, 174–75, 175 Finns B 1: 182 (ill.), 180, 2: 349 A 57, 99 Frame story Frederick III First Amendment A 71 B 2: 247 A 115 PS 54, 73, 74, 80 French Revolution First Crusade France PS 63, 100 A 91, 102–04, 106, 107, A 4, 13, 19, 21, 23, 30, 31, Friars 109 34, 37, 41, 45, 65, 89, A 123 B 1: 50, 51, 151, 166, 180, 91–96, 100, 102, 103, B 1: 124, 125, 183 182, 2: 324, 325, 328, 108, 109, 111, 113–17, Frisians 360 119, 121, 123, 124, 126, A 31 PS 5, 10–13, 15, 44, 118 129, 132, 156, 214, 217, Fujiwara “First Deposition and Ban- 222, 225 A 177, 180 ning of Henry IV” B 1: 1, 2, 5, 61–64, 66, 69, B 2: 267, 268, 341 B 1: 145 70, 74, 77–79, 82, 83, PS 108, 109 PS 111–19 105–07, 109, 110, 113, Fujiwara Yoshifusa First Ecumenical Council 114, 116, 118, 124, 140, A 180 B 1: 187 142, 148, 173, 180–83, Fulbert FitzGerald, Edward 2: 191–98, 213, 218, B 1: 5, 6 B 1: 94 220, 246, 247, 265, 290, Funan “Five Dynasties and Ten 313, 314, 316, 318, 325, A 152 Kingdoms” 326, 329, 353, 354, 365, A 169 366, 368 Five Years’ Campaign PS 12, 45, 46, 82, 83, 90, B 2: 347 93–95, 98–100, 124, 126, 133, 145, 147, 150, Flagellants G 151 A 214, 215 Gaiseric Florence Franciscans A 17 A 126, 203, 218 A 123 Galen B 1: 91–93, 95, 2: 233, B 1: 118, 123, 125, 183 B 1: 34 266 Francis of Assisi Galicia PS 129 A 123 B 1: 100 Fontevrault B 1: 121–27, 121 (ill.), Galland, Antoine B 1: 111 183, 2: 350 PS 79 Foot-binding Franconia Gallipoli A 170, 171 B 1: 170 A 82
PS=Middle Ages: Primary Sources Gallipoli 13 Galswintha Gerbert. See Sylvester II 116, 127, 136, 142, 144, B 2: 373 Germain 177, 188, 190, 193, 217, PS 100 B 2: 291 222, 223, 225 Ganfu Germanic B 1: 1, 2, 6, 7, 9, 18, 23, PS 35, 36 A 16, 19, 21, 23, 28, 31, 27–29, 48, 49, 51, 58, Ganges 33, 34, 98 69, 73, 74, 77, 79, 80, A 141, 142, 146 B 1: 53, 55, 63, 77–79, 83, 87, 92, 94, 97, 102, 107, B 1: 10 174 115, 116, 121, 123, 124, Gao PS 149 126, 139, 143, 145, 146, A 206, 207 Germans 163, 179, 182, 186, 2: B 2: 244, 249 A 22, 47, 114, 118 191–93, 204, 205, 226, Garden of Paradise B 1: 16, 18, 20, 86, 88, 230, 235, 241, 257–61, A 81 145, 2: 346 275, 282, 289–91, 294, Gaul PS 116, 145 305, 306, 308, 310, 311, A 17, 21 Germany 313, 318, 321, 331, 351, B 1: 77, 78, 2: 290 A 19, 22, 23, 30, 34, 37, 352, 354 Gauls 96, 101, 109, 118, 124, PS 24, 47, 59–62, 75, 78, A 7, 13, 16 128, 131, 213 85, 86, 90, 94–98, 108, PS 2, 6–8 B 1: 15, 64, 66, 78, 80, 111, 113–16, 121, 127, Gautama, Siddhartha. See 111, 114, 146–48, 150, 128, 131, 138, 139, 147, Siddhartha Gautama 162, 169–74, 176, 2: 148 Gautier Sans Avoir 246, 247, 351 Go-Daigo A 103 PS 46, 47, 50, 79, 90, 111, B 1: 56, 57 B 2: 360 112, 116, 117, 145, 147, Godfrey of Bouillon Gelasius II (pope) 152 A 103, 106 B 1: 138 Gesta pontificum Anglorum B 2: 324–25, 325 (ill.) Gemara PS 146 Godfrey the Hunchback A 89 Gesta regum Anglorum B 1: 149 B 2: 224 PS 133, 145–53 Godwinesons Genghis Khan Ghana B 2: 367 A 133–36, 138, 140, 171 A 204–05, 207, 211 Golden Horde B 1: 16, 129–35, 129 (ill.), B 2: 230, 232, 233 A 135, 137, 138 2: 209, 282, 343, 344 PS 2, 23–25, 27, 30, 31 B 1: 17, 2: 210, 346 PS 33 Ghazis Goliath Spring Genji monogatari. See Tale of B 2: 276 A 136 Genji Ghaznavids Golpejera Genoa A 79, 146, 147 B 1: 100 A 115, 126 Ghibellines Gone with the Wind B 2: 301, 304 A 114, 115 PS 160 PS 34, 40 B 1: 92 The Goodman of Paris Geography Ghurids PS 53, 55, 81–88 A 127, 142, 155 A 146, 147 Gospels B 1: 170, 2: 220, 221, 302 Gibraltar B 1: 124 PS 34, 40 B 1: 155 Gothic architecture Geometry Giotto A 4, 36, 111, 112, 156 A 34, 36, 72 A 220 Goths B 1: 55 Gobi Desert A 13, 14 George (St.) B 2: 299 PS 136 A 24 God Granada B 2: 293 (ill.) A 10, 12, 15, 16, 24, 25, A 219 Georgia 45, 48, 52, 61–63, 65, B 1: 100 A 138, 139 66, 68, 85–87, 91, 99, Grand Canal B 1: 44, 134, 2: 346 102, 103, 108, 109, 113, A 164, 173
14 Galswintha A=Middle Ages: Almanac B=Middle Ages: Biographies B 2: 301, 358 Gregory VII (pope) H Grand Duchy of Vladimir- A 100 Suzdal. See Vladimir B 1: 19, 145–52, 147 (ill.), Haakon (Russian region) 169, 180, 2: 324 B 1: 71 Great Khan PS 89, 90, 111–19 Hadrian’s Wall A 137 Gregory IX (pope) A 22 B 2: 210–12, 214, 215, A 124 Hagia Sophia 298, 300 B 1: 174, 183 A 54, 55, 218 Great Pyramid of Egypt Gregory X (pope) B 2: 199, 206, 206 (ill.) A 193 B 2: 298 PS 140 Hagiography Great Schism Gregory XI (pope) A 48, 56 A 222, 223 A 222 B 1: 184 Gregory of Tours Hajj PS 128 B 1: 77, 80 A 62, 67 B 2: 230, 246, 248, 302, Great Wall PS 89, 90, 93–101 303 A 13, 14, 22, 163, 173 Grousset, René Hajjaj B 1: 135, 2: 300, 339, 358, B 2: 321 A 145 362 Guatemala Hakuh period PS 38 A 6, 185, 187 Gudrid A 176, 177 Great Zimbabwe PS 108 A 210 B 2: 220 Han dynasty Greece Guelph-Ghibelline conflict A 124 B 2: 359 A 1, 2, 5, 6, 12, 13, 18, 28, PS 157, 160 Guelphs 47, 48, 59, 72, 77, 108, Hangzhou A 114, 115 119, 122, 127, 130, 201, PS 35 B 1: 92 202, 219, 221 Hannibal Guido of Arezzo B 1: 33, 36, 54, 65, 85, 89, PS 63 119, 137, 161, 163, 187, B 2: 353 Han River 2: 199, 291 Guide of the Perplexed B 2: 211 PS 1, 2, 5, 7, 16, 62, 91, B 2: 226, 227 Hanseatic League 113, 121, 124, 132, 135, Guilds A 128 138, 143, 155 A 128, 129 B 1: 71 Greek Orthodox Church. See Guinea Han Yü Eastern Orthodox A 155, 197 A 168, 170 Church B 1: 155, 156 Hapsburg dynasty Greenland Guiscard, Robert. See Robert A 132 A 40, 214 Guiscard Hara-kiri B 2: 218–22 Gulf of Finland A 182 Gregorian chants A 58 Harold (of England) A 27 Gulf of Mexico B 2: 365, 367, 368 B 1: 142 B 2: 254 PS 146–48, 150, 152 Gregory I (pope; Gregory Gundobad Harsha the Great) B 1: 79 A 142 A 27 Gupta Empire B 1: 10, 2: 220, 231 B 1: 40, 41, 137–43, 137 A 141, 142, 146 Harun al-Rashid (ill.), 162, 178, 179, 183 B 2: 231 A 37, 71 PS 113, 114 Gutenberg, Johannes B 1: 98, 99, 99 (ill.), 103, Gregory V (pope) A 225 164, 189 B 1: 172 Gutrum Hasan al-Basri Gregory VI (pope) B 1: 41 B 2: 308 B 1: 146, 147 Guy (of Jerusalem) Hasan-e Sabbah PS 117 B 2: 326 A 81
PS=Middle Ages: Primary Sources Hasan-e Sabbah 15 B 2: 361 Henry II (of England) PS 57, 90, 93, 94, 99 Hashim A 114, 116, 119 Herleve B 2: 258 B 1: 105, 108, 116, 2: 314 B 2: 366 Hastings (Battle of) Henry III (of England) Herodotus A 95 B 1: 174 B 1: 163, 164 B 2: 365, 368, 369 Henry III (Holy Roman Em- Herzegovina PS 146–53 peror) A 83 Hausa B 1: 146–48 Hieroglyphics A 207 Henry IV (of England) A 186 B 2: 248 B 1: 118 High Middle Ages Havel, Václav Henry IV (Holy Roman Em- A 24, 25, 119, 130 B 1: 18 peror) Hildebrand. See Gregory VII A 101, 102 Heaven Himalayas B 1: 19, 145–52, 169, 172, A 20, 29, 45, 68, 172, 174 A 166 180, 181, 2: 324 B 1: 28, 58, 77, 91, 95, Hinduism PS 89, 90, 111–19 123, 2: 206, 253, 260, A 66, 141, 142, 144, 145, Henry V (of England) 306, 310 148, 152, 155 A 217 PS 97, 98, 105, 106, 113, B 1: 9, 10, 13 B 2: 284, B 2: 192 115, 116, 121, 122, 124, 285, 301 Henry V (Holy Roman Em- 155–57, 159 Hippo peror) Hebrew A 15 B 1: 149, 151, 172 A 74, 86–88, 90, 118 B 1: 23, 26, 28–30 Henry VI (Holy Roman Em- B 1: 37, 49, 162, 2: 223, PS 58, 62, 63 290, 352 peror) B 1: 173, 2: 313, 315, 318 Hippodrome Hecebolus A 52 Henry VI (of England) B 2: 204 B 2: 201, 202, 204, 205 B 2: 192 PS 138, 140 Henry VII (of England) Hisdai ibn Shaprut Hegira A 218 A 88 A 66 B 2: 352 Henry VIII (of England) B 2: 260, 261 A 218 Historia ecclesiastica gentis Heian period Henry of Anjou. See Henry II Anglorum A 180–81 (of England) B 1: 163, 163 (ill.) PS 65, 71, 109 Henry the Fowler Historia novella Heijo B 1: 170 PS 146 A 178 Henry the Lion Historians Helgi A 114 B 1: 161–67 B 2: 221 B 1: 173 History of the Franks Hell Henry the Navigator B 1: 77 A 29, 68, 221 A 225 PS 90, 93–101 B 1: 28, 91, 93, 95, 149, 2: B 1: 153–59, 153 (ill.), 2: Hitler, Adolf 305, 306, 310 220, 303, 339 B 1: 21, 2: 361 PS 61, 115, 116, 121–23, Henry the Young King PS 50 127, 128 B 1: 110, 117 Hittin Héloïse Heraclius A 115 A 109 A 49 B 2: 326, 327 B 1: 1, 5–7 Heraldry Ho’elun Henry I (of England) A 108, 111 B 1: 130 A 108 Heresy Hohenstaufen dynasty B 1: 115, 2: 369 A 8, 12, 16, 25, 100, 123, A 109, 132 PS 119, 146 124, 217, 224 B 1: 172 Henry I (of France) B 1: 7, 50, 125, 142, 183, Hojo family B 2: 366 2: 197, 354 A 182, 183
16 Hashim A=Middle Ages: Almanac B=Middle Ages: Biographies Holland Hsiung-Nu. See Huns I A 31, 37, 126, 225 Hsüan-tsang (journeyer) Hollywood A 143 Iberian Peninsula PS 132, 161 B 1: 10, 2: 220, 221, 221 A 92, 124, 126, 219, 225 Holy Grail (ill.), 231 B 1: 36 A 27, 118 Hsüan Tsung (emperor) Ibn Bassam Holy Land A 168 B 1: 97, 102 A 80, 86, 90, 102, 104, B 1: 4, 188, 2: 341, 342, Ibn Battuta 110, 124–26, 203 360 B 1: 13, 2: 220, 302–04 Ibn Khalid B 1: 50, 107, 126, 151, Huaca B 1: 98 175, 182, 2: 314–16, A 197 Ibn Rushd. See Averroës 324, 325, 360 Huang Ch’ao Ibn Shem Tov, Shem Tov PS 2, 3, 10, 12, 15, 21, 22, A 169 B 1: 49 91, 118 B 2: 360 Holy Roman Emperors Ibn Sina. See Avicenna Huari B 1: 169–76 Ibn Tufayl A 194 Holy Roman Empire B 1: 33, 35 Huayna Capac A 35, 96, 126 Iceland A 195 B 1: 65, 66, 122, 123, 146, A 40 B 2: 287 169, 172, 173, 189, 2: B 2: 217, 218 318 Hugh Capet Iconoclasm PS 46, 90, 100, 111 A 94 A 52–54 Holy Sepulchre Hui Tsung Iconoclastic controversy A 117 A 170 B 1: 185–87 B 2: 324 Huitzilopochtli Iconophiles PS 10 A 192 A 53 Homer B 2: 252 B 1: 186 B 1: 36, 2: 266 Hulagu Idolatry PS 121 A 136, 137 PS 96 Honduras B 2: 210 Igor of Kiev B 1: 87 A 185 Hundred Years’ War Il convivio Honoratus A 213, 217, 226 B 1: 94 B 1: 27 B 2: 191, 192 Iliad Horde PS 151 B 2: 266 A 134, 135, 137, 138 Hungary Il-Khan B 1: 17, 135, 2: 210, 346 A 17, 42, 45, 56, 83, 104, A 136, 137 124, 131, 135, 218 Hormuz B 2: 210, 213 B 1: 157 B 1: 17–19, 21, 171, 2: The Illumination 274, 275, 346 Horoscope B 2: 225 B 1: 153, 154 Huns Illumination (manuscript) Hortensius A 13, 14, 16, 17, 37, 54, A 4, 20 PS 59, 62 57, 133, 142, 145, 161, Iltutmish Horyuji 172 A 148 B 2: 231 B 2: 332 Imam PS 109 Hunyadi, János A 62 House of Fame A 218 Imperial Cities B 1: 118 B 2: 275 PS 46, 48 Hrotsvitha von Gander- Hus, Jan Inca Empire sheim A 224 A 1, 186, 187, 194–98 B 2: 353 Husayn B 2: 254, 281–87 Hsien A 69 Incoherence of the Incoherence PS 157 B 2: 344 B 1: 34
PS=Middle Ages: Primary Sources Incoherence of the Incoherence 17 Incoherence of the Philoso- B 1: 24, 94, 98, 134, 2: B 1: 52, 181, 2: 194, 224, phers 202, 210, 213, 276, 322, 291, 298, 324, 326 B 1: 34 323, 345–47 PS 15, 50, 128, 136 India PS 38, 74, 136 Israelites A 37, 47, 62, 70, 72, 74, Iraq A 91 75, 79, 127, 139, A 70, 72, 81, 88, 90, 136, B 2: 224, 226, 290, 293 141–50, 151, 152, 155, 209 Istanbul. See also Constan- 166, 167, 172, 189, 204, B 1: 36, 44, 164, 2: 210, tinople 209 213, 237, 239, 306, 307, A 55, 80, 83 B 1: 9–12, 14, 56, 134, 322, 323 B 1: 86, 158, 166, 2: 200, 156, 164, 2: 220, 231, Ireland 206, 273 233–36, 241, 246, 284, A 22, 28, 39, 103 PS 12, 140 301, 302, 330, 339, 343, B 1: 108, 132, 133, 135, 2: Italian Peninsula 347 217, 218, 289–91, 295 A 18 PS 34, 36, 74, 76, 105, Irene of Athens Italy 151, 155 A 53 A 7, 16, 18, 19, 21, 23, 28, Indian Ocean B 1: 4, 98, 166, 185–90, 34, 35, 37, 42, 45, A 155 185 (ill.), 2: 342, 360 47–50, 54, 83, 90, 96, 98, 99, 101, 114, 129, Indochina Isaac Comnenus 131, 214, 218 A 151–55, 156 B 1: 166 B 1: 26, 53–55, 58, 62–64, Indo-European PS 6 A 62, 74, 141, 142, 144 91–93, 114, 122, 138, Isabella Indonesia 140–42, 145, 146, A 219 148–50, 171, 173, 178, A 155, 158 PS 24 B 1: 156, 2: 214, 301 2: 196, 202–05, 213, Ise PS 40 246, 266, 292, 297, 318, PS 68–70 Indus River 324, 350 A 141 Isidore of Seville PS 12, 34, 63, 79, 93, 116, B 2: 352, 2: 354 129, 136, 140, 141 Infantry Itzcoatl A 8, 14 Islam B 2: 253 PS 148 A 18, 30, 32, 50, 59, Ivan III Inferno 61–75, 78, 81–83, 86, A 219 B 1: 95, 2: 328. See also Di- 88, 102, 144, 145, 151, Ivan IV vine Comedy 156–58, 168, 202, 205, A 220 Innocent III (pope) 207, 223 Ivanhoe A 121, 123, 124 B 1: 9–11, 31, 32, 34, 35, B 2: 313 B 1: 109, 115, 123, 151, 37, 103, 2: 225, 226, Ivan the Terrible 177–84, 177 (ill.), 2: 229, 230, 233, 244, 245, A 220 311, 350 248, 257, 259, 260, 262–64, 302, 304, 305, Inquisition 309, 311, 321, 340 A 123, 124, 132, 219 PS 22, 24, 80, 100 B 1: 183 Institutiones grammaticae Ismaili J A 75, 81 B 1: 36 Jacob von Königshofen Investiture Controversy Ismat PS 1, 3, 43–51 B 2: 323 A 101, 107, 114 Jacquerie B 1: 145, 148 Isocrates A 215–17 PS 112, 118 B 2: 202 Jacques Bonhomme Iona Isolde A 215 A 28, 39 A 119 Jade Iran. See also Persia Israel A 186, 189, 192 A 62, 69, 74, 79, 81, 88, A 61, 62, 85, 86, 91, 92, Jaffa 136, 138, 142 106, 115, 222 B 2: 327
18 Incoherence of the Philosophers A=Middle Ages: Almanac B=Middle Ages: Biographies Jamukha B 1: 49, 51, 175, 2: Judaism B 1: 131–33 224–26, 258, 260, 261, A 62, 63, 65, 66, 78, 85, Janissaries 315, 351, 361 86, 90, 91, 168, 202 A 82 PS 3, 15, 24, 28, 43–51, B 2: 258, 260, 305, 340 Japan 124 Judas Iscariot A 137, 163, 167, 172, 173, Jihad PS 124 175–84, 222 A 62, 67, 106 Judeo-Christian B 1: 56, 59, 2: 212–14, B 1: 12, 2: 248 A 62 266–68, 271, 329–33, Joachim of Fiore Julian of Norwich 341, 342 B 2: 311 B 2: 309, 311, 312 PS 39, 54, 65–67, 71, 72, Joan of Arc Julian the Apostate 79, 91, 103, 104, 106, A 217 PS 113 108–10 B 1: 74, 2: 191–98, 191 Julu Java (ill.), 195 (ill.), 292 PS 159 A 137, 155, 157, 172 PS 83, 87 Jupiter B 2: 214 Johannes Philoponus A 1 PS 40 B 2: 236 PS 94, 113 Justin Jayavarman II John I (of Portugal) B 1: 56, 58, 2: 200, 201, A 152 B 1: 153 205–07 B 2: 284 John VI Cantacuzenus PS 138, 139 Jayavarman VII (Byzantine Emperor) Justinian A 153 A 82 A 48, 50–52, 54–56 B 2: 284, 285 John XII (pope) B 1: 39, 44, 64, 2: Jerome (St.) A 44 199–207, 199 (ill.), 203 A 28 B 1: 171, 172 (ill.) B 1: 139 John XXII (pope) PS 132, 135–41 Jerusalem B 1: 118 Jutes A 85, 88, 102, 106, 110, John (disciple of Jesus A 22 115–17, 122, 124 Christ) B 1: 40 B 1: 50, 140, 175, 181, PS 124, 128 PS 145 182, 2: 213, 260, 310, John (of England) 316, 323, 324, 326–28, A 115–16 360, 366 B 1: 108, 109, 111, 111 PS 10, 15, 124 (ill.), 116, 180, 2: K Jesus Christ 314–18 A 6, 10, 12, 24, 25, 27, 34, John of Gaunt Kaaba 37, 40, 48, 51, 52, 54, A 216 A 65, 66 66, 85, 87, 90, 91, 98, B 1: 118 B 2: 258, 262 101, 102, 104, 113, 117, John of Luxembourg Kaesong 118, 204, 223 B 2: 195 A 179 B 1: 6, 23, 24, 26, 51, Kamakura family Jordan 57–59, 77, 79, 85, 87, B 1: 56, 57 PS 18 121, 123, 124, 126, 139, Kamakura period 140, 143, 154, 179, 184, Journeyman A 181–83 2: 193, 204, 257, 260, A 122 B 2: 341 261, 275, 293, 295, 309, Joust Kamikaze 314, 324, 352, 354 A 214, 223 A 183 PS 10, 43, 44, 94, 95, Joy of the Snake-World Kammu 97–99, 113, 114, 124, B 2: 231 A 180 125, 147, 148 Juan-Juan Kana Jews A 77–78 A 181 A 62, 65, 67, 85–92, 104, Juchen Kanem-Bornu 145, 214, 215, 219 A 169–71, 179 A 207
PS=Middle Ages: Primary Sources Kanem-Bornu 19 Kangaba Kievan Russia B 2: 212, 330, 341, 342, B 1: 42, 43 A 49, 57, 58, 91, 99 359, 362, 363 Kaniaga B 1: 15, 16, 42 PS 33, 103 B 1: 42 Kilwa Korean Peninsula Kao Tsu A 209 A 133, 134, 179 A 164 B 2: 302 B 1: 135 B 2: 335, 336, 371, 372 Kinsay Koryo Kao Tsung PS 35, 36, 41 A 179 A 168 Kirina Kosovo B 2: 372–74 B 1: 43 A 82, 83, 218 Karakorum Kitab al-jabr wa al-muqua- B 2: 275, 278, 279 A 135 balah Kosovo Field Karma B 2: 235, 237 A 218 A 142, 144 Kitab mu’jam al-buldan B 2: 275, 279 Kastrioti, George. See Skan- B 2: 221 Krak des Chevaliers derbeg Knights A 117 Kenshi A 4–6, 37, 38, 110, 111, Kublai Khan B 2: 269 114, 116–19, 124, 130, A 137–38, 171, 183 Kent 180, 181, 214, 223 B 2: 209–15, 209 (ill.), A 216 B 1: 15, 18, 19, 51, 80, 81, 220, 297, 298, 300, 303, Kenya 97, 117, 182, 2: 318, 338 A 208, 209 319, 324, 325, 328 PS 33, 34, 37, 39–41 Kepler, Johannes PS 65, 71, 87, 156 “Kubla Khan” B 2: 240 Knights Hospitalers B 2: 215 Khadijah A 117 Kumbi-Saleh A 65, 66, 68 Knights of Malta A 205 B 2: 258–60, 263 A 117 Kurdistan B 2: 345 Khaidu Knights of St. John of Kush B 2: 213, 214 Jerusalem A 201, 202 Khalji dynasty A 117 Kusunoki Masashige A 148 Knights of the Round Table A 183 B 1: 9, 11, 14 A 118 B 1: 57 Khan, Genghis. See Genghis B 1: 80, 81 Kuyuk Khan Knights Templars A 136 Khan, Kublai. See Kublai A 117 B 2: 210 Khan B 1: 51 Kyoto Khanbalik Kofun period A 180, 182, 183 A 134, 137, 138, 171, 172 A 175 B 2: 268, 270 B 2: 210, 213 B 2: 330 PS 65, 66 Khazaria PS 103 A 78, 91, 92 Koguryo Khazar khanate A 179 A 54, 78, 91 Koken Khmer Empire A 179 L A 152, 153, 155, 157 Kongo Labrador B 2: 284 A 210–11 B 2: 219 Khorasan Koran Lady Murasaki. See Murasaki A 138 A 62, 63, 66, 67, 73–75 Shikibu Khosrow B 2: 226, 257, 259, 259 Lady Sarashina. See B 2: 203 (ill.), 260 Sarashina Kiev Korea Lady Yang. See Yang A 41, 57, 58, 99, 135 A 137, 164, 167, 171, Lagos B 1: 15, 17, 87 175–77, 179, 184 B 1: 155
20 Kangaba A=Middle Ages: Almanac B=Middle Ages: Biographies Lahore Lay of the Cid. See Poema de PS 140, 141 A 147 mio Cid Li Che B 1: 11 Le dynasty B 2: 374, 375 Lake Chudskoe A 154 Li Chien-ch’eng B 1: 18 Leif Eriksson B 2: 336 Lake Texcoco A 40 Li Chih. See Kao Tsung A 190 B 2: 217–22, 219 (ill.) Li Ch’ing-chao B 2: 252 Leifrsbudir A 170 Lake Titicaca B 2: 219, 222 Liège B 2: 283 Le Morte D’Arthur B 2: 221 Lancelot A 119 Life of Charlemagne A 118 Leo I (pope) B 1: 61, 64 B 1: 81 (ill.) A 16, 17 Lindisfarne Lanfranc Leo III (Byzantine Emperor) A 28, 39 B 1: 114 A 53 B 1: 163 Laos B 1: 186 Lindisfarne Gospels A 154, 155 Leo III (pope) A 28 B 2: 285 A 35 Lingua franca B 1: 64, 146, 169, 189 Lao-tzu A 63, 202, 208 PS 111 A 162, 165 Linguists Leo IV (Byzantine Emperor) A 175 Larissa B 1: 186 PS 7, 8 Li Po Leo IX (pope) A 168 Las Navas de Tolosa B 1: 146 B 1: 4, 8 B 1: 36 PS 117 Li Shih-min. See T’ai Tsung Last Supper Leo X (pope) Li Tan A 34, 101, 118 PS 24 B 2: 374, 375 PS 147 Leo Africanus Lithuania László I A 206 A 112 B 1: 19 B 2: 243 B 1: 16 Late Middle Ages PS 1, 2, 23–31 Little Zimbabwe A 213–26 León A 210 B 2: 266 B 1: 100 Li Yüan. See Kao Tsu Latin Leopold of Austria Li Yüan-chi A 13, 21, 23, 27, 29, 36, B 2: 315, 316 B 2: 336 51, 98, 106, 108, 110, Le Pallet Llull, Ramon 119, 122, 208, 221, 225 B 1: 2 PS 87 B 1: 36, 37, 40, 41, 54, 63, Leprosy Lo Kuan-chung 77, 91, 92, 94, 114, 122, A 2, 5 PS 131, 132, 133, 155–61 139, 162, 2: 291, 368 B 2: 285 Lombard League PS 5, 11, 129, 146, 149 Lesbos A 114 Latin Empire B 1: 190 B 1: 173 A 122 Letter Concerning Apostasy Lombards PS 11 B 2: 225 A 21, 23, 28, 33, 34, 90, Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem “Letter to Gregory VII” 98 A 106, 110 PS 111–19 B 1: 62, 63, 137, 141, 142 Latvians Lhasa London B 1: 16 A 166 A 39, 126, 152, 174, 216 La Verda Liao B 1: 52, 119, 152, 183, 2: B 1: 126 A 169, 179 196, 256, 278, 328 La vita nuova Libya PS 41, 86, 88, 109, 119 B 1: 93 A 48, 68 London Bridge PS 129 B 2: 248, 263, 323 B 2: 196
PS=Middle Ages: Primary Sources London Bridge 21 Lord’s Sepulchre. See Holy Madonna and Child Manchuria Sepulchre A 48, 54 A 169 Lord’s Supper Magna Carta Manchus A 94 A 115, 131 A 134, 179 Lorenzo the Magnificent B 1: 108, 109, 112 “Mandate of Heaven” A 218 Magyars A 172, 174 Lorraine A 42, 45, 96 PS 106, 155, 156 A 96 B 1: 171, 2: 274 Mandeville, Sir John B 1: 148, 2: 247 Mahayana B 2: 221 Lothar A 162, 166 Mangu B 2: 246 Mahmud II A 136, 137 Lotharingia A 82 B 2: 210 B 2: 246 Mahmud of Ghazni Mani Lothario A 146 A 65 B 1: 178, 179 Maimonides, Moses. See Manichaeism Louis VI (of France) Moses Maimonides A 65 B 1: 106 Maize B 1: 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 2: Louis VII (of France) A 186, 187 340 A 109 Majapahit Manorialism B 1: 105–07, 110, 116 A 156 A 20, 30 Louis IX (of France; St. Majuscule Mansa Musa Louis) A 30, 36 A 205, 206 A 124 Malay Archipelago B 1: 10, 42, 2: 220, Louis XI (of France) A 151, 155–58 229–34, 229 (ill.), 244, B 2: 246 Malay Peninsula 246, 247 Louis the Pious A 155–58 PS 30 B 1: 66 Malaysia Manzi Lucena A 152, 157 PS 35, 38 B 1: 35 B 2: 285, 301 Manzikert Ludwig IV Maldive Islands A 59, 80, 99 B 1: 113, 118 B 1: 10 B 1: 44, 2: 275 Luo Guanzhong Mali PS 6, 142 PS 156 A 205–06, 207, 211 Marco Polo. See Polo, Marco Luoyang B 1: 39, 42, 43, 45, 2: Margaret of Denmark A 169 229–34, 244, 245, 303 B 1: 71, 71 (ill.) PS 157, 158 PS 23, 29–31 Marienburg Luther, Martin Malik Shah A 119 A 224 A 80 Markland B 1: 52 B 1: 94 B 2: 217, 219 PS 128 Malindi Marrakech Luxembourg A 209 B 1: 32, 35 B 1: 78, 2: 195, 246 Malkhatun Marranos B 2: 276, 277 A 92 Malory, Sir Thomas Marriage A 119 A 51, 59, 62, 65, 67, 100, M B 1: 80 130 Malta B 1: 5, 6, 40, 42, 55, Maccabees A 117 70–72, 79, 86, 92, 100, PS 124, 126 Maltese cross 105–08, 110, 111, Machu Picchu A 117 130–32, 149, 171–74, A 196 Mamluks 180, 187, 189, 2: 193, Madeira A 75, 79, 81–82, 124, 136 200, 201, 258, 268, 277, B 1: 155 B 2: 347 307, 315, 325, 366, 367
22 Lord’s Sepulchre A=Middle Ages: Almanac B=Middle Ages: Biographies Marseilles Mediterranean Michael VIII Palaeologus PS 46, 47 A 15, 17, 41, 61, 106, 115, A 122 Martin IV (pope) 117, 201 Michael Psellus B 1: 140 B 1: 154 B 2: 353 Martin V (pope) PS 28, 47, 63 Middle East A 222 Mehmed the Conqueror A 1, 5, 7, 9, 10, 25, 61, 63, A 218 Mary 64, 74, 75, 80, 87, 92, A 25, 48, 52, 54 Melaka 130, 133, 202, 205, 208 B 2: 309 A 156–58 B 1: 10, 13, 63, 94, 161, PS 115 B 2: 301 163, 2: 213, 227, 229, The Memoirs of Usamah 232, 233, 235, 238, 240, Mary-worship ibn Munqidh 254, 278, 279, 305, 314, A 25 PS 15–22 321, 326 Masaccio Mendicant PS 16, 18, 20, 22, 27, 30, A 220, 221 A 122, 123 41, 74, 75, 79, 142 Ma Sanpao. See Cheng Ho B 1: 124, 183 Middle English Mathematicians and scien- Mercenary B 1: 119 tists A 214, 218 PS 151 B 2: 235–42 B 1: 101 “Middle Kingdom” Matilda of Flanders Mérida A 37 B 2: 367 A 187, 188 Milan Matilda of Tuscany Merlin B 1: 26 B 1: 148–50, 149 (ill.), 180 A 118 PS 58 PS 118 B 1: 80 Milvian Bridge Maurice Merovech A 11 A 49 B 1: 78 Minamoto B 1: 140, 141 Merovingian Age A 181, 182 Mauritania A 19–32, 33, 34, 38, 71 Minamoto Yoritomo A 204 B 1: 61, 62, 78 A 182 B 1: 157 PS 99 Ming dynasty PS 30 Merovingian art A 172–74, 209 B 1: 156, 2: 339, 340 Mauryan Empire A 30 PS 40, 156 A 141 Mesoamerica Minuscule B 2: 236 A 185, 188, 197 Mesopotamia A 36 Maya Empire A 88, 115, 136, 138 Mishnah A 6, 185–90, 192, 196, B 2: 210 A 89 198, 199 B 2: 224, 226 B 2: 281, 282, 287 Messiah A 86, 87 Mishneh Torah Mead Methodius B 2: 223, 225, 226, 228 A 34, 45 A 55, 56 Mississippi River Meadows of Gold B 1: 18, 42, 85–90, 85 A 204 B 1: 164 (ill.), 2: 292 Mitchell, Margaret Mecca Mexica PS 160 A 6, 62, 64–67, 205 A 190 Moguls B 2: 229–32, 238, 247, B 2: 252, 256 A 149 248, 258–63, 302, 303, Mexico Mohammed I Askia 308, 310, 326 A 6, 185, 186, 190, 192, A 206 Medici family 193 B 2: 243–49 A 218 B 2: 251–54 Moluccas Medina Mexico City A 155 A 66 A 190, 193 Mombasa B 2: 261–63 B 2: 252, 253 (ill.) A 209
PS=Middle Ages: Primary Sources Mombasa 23 Monasticism Moscow 202–04, 206, 208, 209, A 20, 25, 45, 100 A 58, 99, 131, 135 219 Mongolia B 1: 21 B 1: 9, 11 (ill.), 16, 31, 49, A 77, 139, 169 Moses Maimonides 50, 63, 97, 100, 101, B 1: 17, 129, 134, 2: 215 A 89, 90 124, 126, 151, 154–56, PS 33 B 1: 49, 2: 223–28, 223 158, 166, 175, 181, 182, Mongols (ill.), 235 2: 213, 224, 227, 230, A 1, 57, 80–82, 131, Mossi 232, 238, 244, 245, 247, 133–40, 154, 161, 166, A 211 257, 259–63, 275, 276, 171–73, 179, 183, 204, B 2: 245, 248 302, 303, 308, 310, 314, 214, 218 Mount Abu 317, 321–24, 326, 343, B 1: 4, 10, 12, 13, 15–17, A 146 351, 352, 361 20, 21, 129, 131 (ill.) Mount Badon PS 2, 15, 16, 20–22, 24, 133–35, 2: 209–15, 221, A 118 41, 44, 78, 91, 118, 142, 276, 277, 298, 299, 339, B 1: 80 147 343, 344, 348 Mount Hira Muslim Spain PS 3, 33, 34, 38, 39 B 2: 259 B 1: 34, 2: 303, 352 Monica Movable-type Mutapa B 1: 24–26 A 162, 170, 225 A 209–10 PS 58 Mozambique Mysticism Monks A 209, 210 A 63, 68, 163 A 20, 25–28, 30, 36, 39, Mu’awiya B 2: 305, 312 45, 71, 94, 100, 117, A 68 123, 166, 203 Mudanya B 1: 6, 27, 48, 64, 138, B 2: 278 142, 162, 177–79, 2: Muhammad N 298, 311 A 6, 62, 64–68, 70, 73, 75 Nakatomi Kamatari PS 47, 149 B 1: 32, 164, 2: 257–64, A 177 Monophysites 257 (ill.), 302, 306 B 2: 341 A 25 Muhammad Ghuri PS 108 B 2: 204, 205 A 147 Nan-chao Monotheism Murad A 154. See also Thais A 142 A 82, 83 Nancy (Battle of) Monte Cassino Murad II B 2: 247 A 25–27 B 2: 275 Nanjing B 1: 178, 179, 2: 350 Murasaki Shikibu A 173 Montezuma I A 181 B 2: 339 B 2: 251–56 B 1: 71, 74, 119, 2: Naples Montezuma II 265–71 A 98 A 193, 194, 198 PS 66, 67, 71, 72 B 2: 266, 267, 350, 353 B 2: 251, 254, 255 Muromachi period Napoleon Moors A 181, 183–84 PS 151 A 23, 31, 69, 70 B 1: 57 Nara period B 1: 32, 155, 157 Musa, Mansa. See Mansa A 175, 178, 180 Moravia Musa B 1: 112 A 56 Muscovy Narses B 1: 86, 88, 89 A 131, 219, 220 B 2: 203 Morocco Muslims Nasrid A 69, 88, 205, 207 A 6, 31, 38, 42, 62, 66–69, A 69 B 1: 32, 36, 101, 126, 155, 72, 79, 88, 90, 94, 98, Nationalism 157, 158, 2: 220, 224, 102, 104, 106, 109, 110, A 214, 224 225, 246, 249 116, 119, 123, 124, 126, Native Americans PS 2, 24, 30 139, 144, 145, 149, 157, B 2: 217, 219
24 Monasticism A=Middle Ages: Almanac B=Middle Ages: Biographies Navarre Nicholas IV (pope) North Sea B 1: 100, 2: 315 B 1: 140, 2: 213 A 9, 28 Nazareth Nichomachean Ethics Norway A 136 B 1: 34 A 39, 42 Nazi Germany Niebelungenlied B 1: 71, 2: 217, 218, 368 B 1: 21 A 45 Notre Dame PS 50, 152 Nigeria B 1: 2, 3 (ill.), 5 Neo-Confucianism A 207, 211 Novgorod A 170 B 2: 243, 248 A 41, 57, 58, 130, 219 Nepal Niger River B 1: 16, 18–20 A 166 A 205–07 Nubia Nero B 1: 43, 2: 244, 248, 249 A 201 A 10 Nihon shoki Nur ad-Din PS 94 B 2: 330, 332 B 2: 322, 323 Nestorian Christianity PS 109 A 25, 136, 168 Nika Revolt B 2: 212, 213, 340 A 52 Nestorius B 2: 199, 201, 202, 205, O A 25 206 Oaxaca Netherlands Nile River B 2: 253 B 1: 78, 2: 246, 247 A 68, 201 “Ocean Sea” Neva B 2: 239, 263 PS 35, 36 B 1: 17, 21 Nimbus “Ockham’s Razor” Nevsky, Alexander. See A 48, 52 A 220 Alexander Nevsky Nobutaka B 1: 117 Newfoundland B 2: 268 Odoacer A 40 Norman Conquest A 18, 23 B 2: 219, 222 A 96, 98, 106 B 1: 53–55, 55 (ill.), 58 The New Life PS 133, 149, 151, 152 Odo of Metz B 1: 93 Normandy A 35 New Testament A 39, 41–43, 95, 96 B 1: 64 A 20, 24 B 1: 115, 2: 365–68 Oghuz B 1: 23, 124, 139, 2: 291 PS 133, 145, 146, 150–52 A 78, 79 PS 113, 125, 128 Normans Ogodai Newton, Isaac A 41, 94–96, 98, 102, 103 A 134, 135 B 2: 236 B 1: 151, 2: 218, 324, 328, B 2: 210 New World 349, 365, 367, 368, 370 Old English A 41, 115, 185, 186, 189, PS 7, 12, 133, 145–52 A 22 190, 197, 219 Norse mythology B 1: 41 B 2: 217, 222, 304 A 45 PS 151 New Zealand North Africa Old Silk Road A 158 A 7, 9, 15, 17, 48, 69, 70, PS 74 PS 151 87, 88, 92 Old Testament Nicaea B 1: 32, 36, 154, 155, 2: A 24, 63, 85, 86, 89, 222 A 12, 53, 104 202, 204, 220, 278, 292, B 2: 223, 224, 260, 291 B 1: 187 351 PS 113, 128 Nicene Creed PS 27, 28, 57, 58, 136, Oleg A 12 140 A 57 Nicephorus Bryennius North America Olga B 1: 166 A 2 A 57 PS 6 B 2: 217, 218, 220, 222 B 1: 87 Nicholas III (pope) Northern Europe Olmec PS 123 A 19, 34, 37 A 185–87, 189
PS=Middle Ages: Primary Sources Olmec 25 Oman Otto II (Holy Roman Emper- PS 2, 10, 12, 15–17, 44, A 64 or) 91, 118 B 1: 164 B 1: 171, 172 Palladius Omar Khayyám Otto III (Holy Roman Em- B 2: 291 A 68 peror) Pallava B 1: 94, 2: 227, 235 A 96, 97 A 142 On Buildings B 1: 169, 171–72, 2: 353 B 1: 10 PS 135, 136 Ottoman Empire Pamir Onin War A 78, 79, 83, 219 B 2: 299 A 183 B 2: 249, 273, 274, 275, PS 40 On Monarchy 277, 278, 279, 331, 344 Papal States B 1: 94 Ottoman Turks A 34, 98 A 82–83, 218 On the Art of Hunting with Paradise PS 12 Hawks A 81, 221 Otto of Freising B 1: 175 B 1: 94, 95, 2: 305, 310 A 204 On the Harmony of Religion PS 121, 122 and Philosophy Otto the Great (Holy Roman Emperor) Paris B 1: 34 A 94–96, 112, 113, 126, On the Merits of Sinners and A 45, 56, 93, 96 B 1: 66, 169–71, 171 (ill.) 152, 214, 216 Forgiveness B 1: 2, 3, 7, 70, 82, 82 Ovid B 1: 28 (ill.), 116, 178, 2: 195, PS 80 On the Predestination of the 239, 350, 351 Oxford University Saints PS 53, 55, 81–88 B 1: 29 A 18, 32, 46, 59, 75, 106 B 1: 103, 117, 119, 152, Parlement of Foules On the Virtue of Believing B 1: 118 B 1: 27 159, 2: 222, 263, 319 PS 80, 119 Passover Optics B 2: 224 B 2: 240 Oyo A 211 Pataliputra Order of Chivalry B 2: 236 PS 87 Patay Order of the Garter B 2: 194 A 119 Patriarch Ordóñez, García P A 48, 51, 52 B 1: 100, 101, 102 Pachacutec B 1: 86, 140, 186 Orestes A 195 Patricius A 18 B 2: 281–87 Orkhan B 1: 24, 25, 2: 289 Pacific Ocean PS 58 A 82 A 176 Patrick (St.) B 2: 278 Paekche A 28 Orléans A 176, 179 B 2: 289–95, 289 (ill.) A 217 Pakistan B 2: 191, 192, 194 A 143, 145, 147 Paul IV Ormuz B 1: 9–11, 2: 220 B 1: 186 B 2: 298, 301 PS 151 Paul (apostle) Orsini family Palas PS 113 PS 123 A 145 B 2: 291 Osman I Palenque Paul of Aegina A 82 A 188 B 2: 236 B 2: 273–79, 273 (ill.) Palestine “Pax Romana” Ostrogoths A 48, 50, 85, 86, 88, 90, A 7 A 13, 14, 23, 48, 90 102, 110, 115, 117, 214 Peace of Constance B 2: 202, 203 B 1: 164, 166, 174, 181, 2: A 114 PS 93 224, 225, 315–17, 322 B 1: 173
26 Oman A=Middle Ages: Almanac B=Middle Ages: Biographies Peasant’s Crusade Philip the Good B 1: 18, 19, 21 B 2: 360 B 2: 246 Polo, Marco Pedro II Philosophy A 81, 127, 128, 138, 156, B 1: 174 A 63, 68, 72, 88–90, 146 158, 171, 174, 176 Pelagians B 1: 1, 32–34, 49, 53, B 1: 13, 2: 209, 212–15, B 1: 28 57–59, 86, 2: 223, 226, 220, 221, 297–304, 297 Pepin III 227, 240, 268, 353 (ill.), 299 (ill.) A 33, 53 PS 62 PS 1, 3, 33–41, 109 B 1: 62 Phoenicia Polynesia PS 99 A 61 A 158 Père-Lachaise Physics Polytheism B 1: 7 B 1: 31, 33 A 142 Persia. See also Iran Piast Ponte San Giovanni A 49, 61–63, 68, 71, 72, A 99 B 1: 122 74, 78, 88, 136, 138 Picts Pony Express B 1: 24, 36, 94, 134, 156, A 22 A 195 157, 164, 2: 202, 203, Pilgrimage Poor Knights of Christ 210, 213, 298, 301, 302, A 62, 63, 67, 102, 103, A 117 340, 345 205 Pope ... See under ruling PS 28, 34, 38, 74 B 1: 126, 2: 213, 229, 230, names, for example, In- 232, 246, 247, 261, 263, Peru nocent III, Gregory VII, 302, 303, 310, 366 A 194, 197 etc. B 2: 282 PS 85 Porto Santo Perugia Pillars of Islam B 1: 155 B 1: 122 A 66 Portugal Peter (apostle) Pisa A 88, 92, 158, 211, 219, A 10 A 115, 126, 222 225 PS 113, 115, 124 PS 128 B 1: 32, 153–56, 158, 2: Peter of Morrone Pius II (pope) 303 B 1: 140 A 126 Post-Classic period Peter the Great Pizarro, Francisco A 190 B 1: 21 A 198 Predestination Peter the Hermit Plague. See also Black Death B 1: 28, 29 A 103, 109 A 48, 49, 91, 213–15, 221 B 2: 360, 362 B 1: 70, 139, 162, 2: 266, Prester John A 136, 202, 204 Petrarch 361 B 2: 221 A 221, 222 PS 3, 43, 46, 47, 49, 141 B 1: 95, 2: 266, 267 Plantagenet Prince Henry the Navigator. PS 128 B 1: 110 See Henry the Navigator Philip I (of France) Plate armor. See also Armor Prince Shotoku. See Shotoku B 2: 368 A 221, 223 Taishi PS 12 Plato Princess’s Palace Philip II Augustus (of B 1: 34, 54, 2: 353 PS 70 France) Poema de mio Cid Priscian A 91, 114, 115, 116 B 1: 102, 103 B 1: 36 B 1: 181, 2: 314 Poetics Priyadarsika Philip IV (of France) B 1: 34 B 2: 231 A 132 Poet’s Corner Procopius B 1: 140, 183 B 1: 119 A 56 Philippa of Lancaster Poitiers B 2: 201, 206 B 1: 153 A 217 PS 131–33, 135–43 Philippines Poland Prokofiev, Sergei A 155, 158, 172 A 56, 99, 112, 131, 135 B 1: 21
PS=Middle Ages: Primary Sources Prokofiev, Sergei 27 Prophet Muhammad. See R PS 95, 97 Muhammad Reincarnation Protestant movement Rabban Bar Sauma. See Bar A 142, 144 B 1: 52 Sauma, Rabban B 2: 285 PS 50, 153 Rabia al-Adawiyya Remigius Provence A 68 PS 95, 97, 98 A 108, 119 B 1: 97, 2: 305–12 Renaissance Prussia Racism A 2–4, 35, 36, 213, 218, A 96, 119 A 202, 209 220, 221 Pskov PS 75 B 1: 63, 96, 114 B 1: 16 Rajaraja I PS 28, 71, 81, 128, 129 Ptolemy B 1: 10 The Republic B 2: 240 Rajendra A 211 Pudmini B 1: 10 Reynaud de Chatillon A 149 Rajputs B 2: 326 Pulakes´in A 145 Rhazes. See Al-Razi Ralph of Vermandois B 1: 10 Rheims. See Reims B 1: 106 Pulakes´in II Rhetoric Ramadan B 1: 10 B 1: 26, 34 A 67 Punjab Rhine B 1: 11 A 145 A 9 Rambam. See Moses Mai- Purgatory B 1: 78 monides A 20, 29, 221 PS 48 Ramón Berenguer II B 1: 91, 93, 95 Richard I (of England; the B 1: 101 PS 121, 122 Lion-Hearted) Rashi A 114, 117 A 89 B 1: 108, 111, 111 (ill.), B 2: 353 116, 173, 2: 313–19, Ravenna 313 (ill.), 321, 326 A 16, 35, 54 Q Richard I of Normandy B 1: 55, 64, 2: 202 A 95 Qasim Raymond IV PS 145 A 145 A 103 Quechua B 2: 325 Richard II (of England) A 216 A 194 Raymond of Toulouse B 1: 118, 2: 361 B 2: 284 B 1: 107 Queen of Sheba PS 13 Rienzi A 202 Reconquista B 2: 361 Queen Tamara. See Tamara A 126, 219 Rienzo, Cola di Quetzalcóatl B 1: 35, 37, 99 A 218 A 190, 192, 193 Records of Ancient Times B 2: 361 B 2: 252 A 180 The Ring Quetzalcóatl Pyramid The Red Badge of Courage A 45 A 193 PS 160 B 2: 277 Quipu Red Sea Ripuarian Franks A 197 A 65, 201–04 B 1: 78 Quraish B 2: 258 Ritual suicide A 65, 66 Reformation A 181, 182 B 2: 258 A 2, 3, 220, 222, 224 B 2: 231 Quran. See Koran B 1: 52 Rivera, Diego Qutb-ud-Din Aybak PS 50, 128 B 2: 255 (ill.) A 147 Reims River Neva B 1: 11 B 2: 191, 193, 194 B 1: 17
28 Prophet Muhammad A=Middle Ages: Almanac B=Middle Ages: Biographies River Seine B 2: 318, 346 Runnymeade A 94 Romanianus B 1: 109 B 2: 198 B 1: 25 Rurik River Tiber Roman numerals A 57 A 11 A 13 Russia Road of Long Study Roman Republic A 41, 49, 54, 57, 58, 78, B 1: 73 A 7 79, 83, 91, 99, 130, 131, Robert I of Normandy B 1: 55 134–38, 142, 219 B 2: 365 Romans B 1: 15–19, 21, 42, 44, 85, Robert de Baudricourt A 1, 7, 8, 10, 13–17, 87–89, 134, 2: 210, 218, B 2: 193 21–23, 25, 35, 36, 45, 220, 278, 293, 302, 343, Robert Guiscard 48, 85, 87, 90, 94, 162, 346, 352 A 98, 101 167, 195 PS 33 B 1: 151, 2: 324 B 1: 24, 29, 54, 55, 64, 65, Rusticana PS 7, 12, 118 77, 78, 81, 114, 138, B 1: 55 Robin Hood 146, 151, 169, 189, 2: Rustichello B 2: 313, 317 (ill.), 319 200 B 2: 302 Rockets PS 5, 13, 62, 63, 90, 100, PS 34 A 171 111, 113, 147 Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar. See El Rome Cid A 1–11, 13–18, 20, 22–25, Roman Catholic Church. See 28–30, 33–35, 37, 42, S Catholic Church 45, 47, 51, 53, 59, 80, Romance 90, 93, 98, 100–02, 108, Sabbatius B 1: 72–74, 97 119, 126, 127, 130, 132, PS 138 Romance of the Rose 203, 206, 218, 219, Sadako A 119 221–23 PS 66 B 1: 73 B 1: 23–26, 28, 29, 36, 40, Sagres Romance of the Three King- 41, 54, 55, 64, 65, 77, B 1: 155, 158 doms 79, 82, 88, 89, 114, 115, Sahara Desert A 163 124, 125, 137–40, 142, A 201 PS 132, 133, 155–61 146, 147, 150, 151, 161, B 1: 32, 2: 245 Romance of Troy 172, 178, 180, 182, 183, PS 3, 23 A 119 2: 202, 203, 207, 213, Sailendras 274, 289, 291, 292, 298, Roman Empire A 155 324, 351–53, 357, 361 A 1, 3, 7–18, 19–21, 24, Saint-Denis PS 46, 50, 58, 62, 63, 90, 28, 35, 42, 47, 48, 50, B 1: 6 91, 94, 111, 117, 124, 53, 80, 96, 110, 112, Saladin 128, 143, 155 126, 130, 139, 142, 161, A 75, 115, 116 219, 223 Romulus Augustulus B 2: 314, 316, 321–28, B 1: 23, 24, 29, 33, 34, 36, A 18 321 (ill.), 327 (ill.) 53–55, 64–66, 77, 122, Roscelin de Compiègne Salah ud-Din Yusuf ibn 123, 137, 139, 140, 146, B 1: 2 Ayyub. See Saladin 169, 170, 172, 173, 185, Rossetti, Dante Gabriel Salians 189, 2: 199, 202, 203, PS 128 B 1: 78 231, 232, 318, 357, 359 Rouen Salic Law PS 1, 3, 5, 46, 57, 58, 90, B 2: 197 B 1: 82 93, 100, 111, 132, 135, Rubáiyát Salisbury Castle 136, 140, 145, 153 B 1: 94, 2: 227 B 1: 111 Romanesque Rudolf I Samarkand A 36, 111, 112 A 132 A 138, 139 Romania Rudolf B 2: 343–45, 347 A 13 B 1: 148–50 PS 74, 76
PS=Middle Ages: Primary Sources Samarkand 29 Samuel (of Bulgaria) Scandinavia Seppuku A 59 A 39, 40 A 182 B 1: 43, 44 B 1: 71, 2: 217, 218, 293 Serbia Samuel ha-Nagid Scholastica A 55, 56, 59, 82, 218 A 89 A 27 B 1: 18, 88, 2: 274, 275 B 2: 352 B 1: 179 “Seventeen-Article Consti- Samurai Scholasticism tution” A 180–84 A 109, 129 A 176 PS 65, 71 B 1: 117, 2: 349 B 2: 329, 331 Sanaska Science PS 103–10 B 2: 231 A 3, 47, 72, 75, 124, 127, Seventh Crusade Sancho 130, 146, 170, 188, 189, A 124 B 1: 98–100 197, 198, 220 Seventh Ecumenical Council San Damiano Scientists A 53 B 1: 123 B 1: 37, 2: 235–37, 240, B 1: 185, 187 Sanskrit 242 Shahrazad A 142, 146 Scotists A 71 PS 54, 73–75, 77–80 Santa Claus A 220 Shahriyar B 2: 292, 293 Scotland A 71 Santiago de Compostela A 22, 28, 39, 222 PS 54, 74–79 A 102 B 2: 196, 293 Shakespeare, William Scott, Sir Walter San Vitale A 217 B 2: 313 A 35, 51, 54 B 2: 269 Scriptures B 1: 64, 2: 202–05 PS 121 PS 140, 142 A 29, 63, 86, 90, 176 Shang dynasty B 1: 49, 2: 220, 223, 352 Saphadin A 161 Scythians B 2: 316 Shang-tu A 146 Saracens B 2: 215, 300 A 102 Sea of Marmara Sheherazade B 2: 314 B 2: 277 PS 80 PS 79 Second Council of Nicaea Shi’ite Muslims Sarashina A 53 A 62, 63, 68 PS 53, 54, 65–72 Second Crusade Shikibu, Murasaki. See Sassanid Empire A 109–10 Murasaki Shikibu A 64 B 1: 47, 50, 51, 107, 172, Shinto Sassanids 2: 322, 326 A 176–78 A 88, 202 Secret History B 2: 329, 330 Satan A 56 PS 67, 68, 91, 103, 104 A 15, 40 B 2: 201 Shirkuh B 1: 178, 2: 193, 275 PS 132, 135–43 B 2: 322, 323 PS 123 Seine Shlomo Yitzhaqi. See Rashi Saudi Arabia A 94 Shomu B 2: 302 B 2: 198 A 179 Saxons Seljuks Shotoku Taishi A 22, 31, 34, 38, 95, 118 A 79–83, 102, 124, 136, A 176 B 1: 40, 41, 63, 80, 81, 146 B 2: 275, 329–33, 329 142 B 1: 39, 44, 94, 2: 275–77, (ill.), 341 PS 145, 146 322, 331 PS 89, 91, 103–10 Saxony Seoul Siberia A 96, 114 A 179 A 166 B 1: 147, 170, 173 Sephardim Sicily PS 112 A 86, 88, 90, 92 A 42, 49, 98, 214, 222
30 Samuel (of Bulgaria) A=Middle Ages: Almanac B=Middle Ages: Biographies B 1: 44, 138, 151, 173–75, Soissons B 1: 29, 31, 32, 34–36, 49, 2: 202, 218, 220, 315 B 1: 6, 78 63, 98, 101, 102, 124, PS 12, 118, 141 PS 93–97 125, 142, 154, 174, 181, Siddhartha Gautama Solomon 2: 203, 220, 224, 265, A 143, 144, 155, 163 A 117, 130, 202 303, 315, 351, 352 B 2: 330 Songhai PS 24–26, 87, 93, 140, 147 PS 103, 105, 106 A 206–07, 211 Spanish Inquisition Silesia B 2: 231, 233, 243–45, A 219 A 135 248, 249 Spontaneous generation Silk Road PS 23, 30 A 40 B 2: 340 “A Song of Pure Happiness” Squire PS 74 B 1: 4 A 108, 117 Silla Song of Roland Sri Lanka. See Ceylon A 179 A 119 Srivijaya Simeon Stylites B 1: 63 A 155, 157 PS 147, 148 B 1: 27, 179 Srong-brt-san-sgam-po Simon Magus Song of Solomon A 166 PS 128 A 130 Ssu-ma Kuang Simon of Brie Soninke A 170 B 1: 140 B 2: 244 B 1: 161, 164–66, 2: 338 Simony Sonni Ali Stalin, Josef A 94, 99 A 206 B 1: 15, 21 B 1: 142, 181 B 2: 244, 245 Stamford Bridge PS 117, 121–23, 126, 128 South Africa B 2: 368 Sinbad PS 151 St. Andrew. See Andrew A 71 South America PS 54, 73, 75, 79, 80 A 158, 185 St. Anselm of Canterbury. Sind B 2: 281 See Anselm of Canter- bury A 145 South China Sea Singapore A 151 St. Augustine. See Augustine A 157 Southeast Asia St. Bede the Venerable. See Sixth Crusade A 75, 142, 151–59, 167 Venerable Bede A 124, 126 B 1: 10, 14, 156, 2: 300, St. Benedict. See Benedict B 1: 174, 175 301, 303 St. Columba. See Columba Skanderbeg Southern Sung St. Cyril. See Cyril A 83 A 169 St. Dominic. See Dominic B 2: 275 B 2: 339 Stephen I (of Hungary) “Skraelings” South Seas B 1: 19 A 41 A 158 Stephen (of England) B 2: 220, 221 Southwest Asia B 1: 109 Slavs A 136, 137 Stephen Dusan A 41, 47, 49, 54, 57, 60, B 2: 210 B 2: 275 78, 96, 99 Soviet Union Steppes B 1: 86, 89 A 139 A 133, 134 Slovakia B 1: 18, 21 B 1: 130 A 56 PS 79 St. Francis of Assisi. See Fran- Slovenia Spain cis of Assisi A 56 A 17, 19, 23, 31, 34, 42, Soga clan 48, 69, 70, 72, 75, 86, St. George. See George A 176 88–90, 92, 102, 112, St. Gregory. See Gregory I B 2: 331, 341 117, 119, 126, 158, 198, Stilicho PS 103, 108 218, 219, 222, 225 A 16
PS=Middle Ages: Primary Sources Stilicho 31 St. Jerome. See Jerome Sung dynasty B 2: 335–42, 335 (ill.), St. Louis. See Louis IX A 134, 169–71 357, 359, 372 St. Methodius. See Method- B 1: 164, 2: 210, 338, 339 Talas ius Sunni Muslims A 168 Stoicism A 79 B 2: 342 B 1: 58 Superstition Tale of Genji Stoker, Bram A 40, 71, 107 A 181 B 2: 346 B 2: 236 B 2: 265, 268–71 Story of My Misfortunes Suryavarman II PS 65–67, 71, 72 B 1: 7 A 152 Tale of the Rose Story of the Water Margin B 2: 284 B 1: 73 PS 156, 161 Sutras Talmud St. Patrick. See Patrick PS 68, 70 A 88, 89 St. Patrick’s Day Swabia B 2: 224, 226, 352, 353 B 2: 289, 292 B 1: 148, 170 Tamara St. Paul. See Paul (apostle) PS 112, 116, 117 A 139 St. Peter. See Peter (apostle) Swahili Tamerlane St. Petersburg A 208 A 83, 138–39, 148, 149, B 1: 21 Sweden 220 Strasbourg A 39, 41, 42, 57 B 1: 10, 13, 97, 2: 278, PS 43–50 B 1: 71 343–48, 343 (ill.) St. Valentine. See Valentine Switzerland Tamils A 19 Sudan B 1: 10 B 2: 247 A 201, 203–07, 211 Tancred Syagrius Sufism A 103, 106 B 1: 78 A 68 B 2: 324, 325 Sylvester II (pope) B 2: 305–07, 310, 312 T’ang dynasty B 1: 19, 172, 2: 353 Sui dynasty A 163, 164–69, 177 Symmachus A 163–64 B 1: 4, 2: 220, 335, 336, B 1: 54, 55 B 2: 335, 357, 358, 363 338, 341, 357, 360, 361, Syria PS 161 374, 375 A 48, 50, 61, 65, 72, 81, Suiko PS 67, 109 88, 104, 106, 115, 117, B 2: 331 Tangier 136 PS 104 B 1: 157, 2: 302 B 1: 27, 36, 44, 140, 181, Sultanate of Rum Tanzania 2: 204, 220, 258, A 80 A 208, 209 321–24, 343, 347 Taoism Sumanguru PS 12, 15, 16, 141 B 1: 42, 43 A 162, 165 Sumatra B 1: 4 A 155, 156 PS 156, 161 B 2: 301 Tao te Ching Sumer T PS 157 A 61 Tagaste Tara Summa contra gentiles B 1: 24–26, 30 B 2: 293, 294 B 2: 351 PS 58, 64 Targutai Summa theologica Taiho B 1: 130 B 2: 349, 351–53 A 178, 181 Tatars Sundiata Keita Taika Reforms A 135 A 205 B 2: 341 B 1: 130, 132 B 1: 39, 42–43, 43 (ill.), Taishi, Shotoku. See Shotoku Tauresium 45, 2: 230, 232 Taishi B 2: 200 Sun dynasty T’ai Tsung Tbilisi PS 160 A 164, 165, 167, 168 A 139
32 St. Jerome A=Middle Ages: Almanac B=Middle Ages: Biographies Tebaldo Visconti. See Grego- B 1: 59, 163, 2: 351 Toghrul ry X (pope) Theophano B 1: 131–33 Technology B 1: 171, 172 Toledo A 2, 4, 38, 110, 111, 134, Third Crusade A 69 170, 194 A 114–17 B 1: 35, 36, 101 B 2: 240–42, 252, 337 B 1: 108, 111, 173, 2: 313, Tolstoy, Leo Tegaza 315, 317, 321 B 2: 269 PS 26, 28 PS 21 Toltecs Temmu Restoration Third Punic War A 190 A 183 PS 63 Tomislav Templars Third Rome B 2: 274 A 117 A 219 Tonsure B 1: 51 Thomas Aquinas A 94, 100 Temujin A 129 Topa A 133 B 1: 117, 2: 349–55, 349 A 195 B 1: 129–31 (ill.) B 2: 286, 287 Tenchi Thor Torah A 177, 178, 180 A 45 A 87 B 2: 341 Thorfinn B 2: 223, 225, 226, 228 PS 108, 109 B 2: 220 Tours Tenochtitlán Thoros A 31, 38 A 190–92 B 2: 325 B 1: 77, 80 B 2: 252, 253 PS 89, 90, 93–95, 99, 101 Thorstein Teotihuacán Trabzon B 2: 220 A 185, 186, 190 B 2: 301 Thorvald Terrorists Trade B 2: 219, 220 B 2: 316 A 51, 64, 103, 126–29, The Thousand and One Teutonic Knights 144, 146, 157, 158, 172, Nights A 118, 130 202–04, 207–09, 211, A 71 B 1: 15, 19 214 B 1: 103 Texcoco Tran dynasty PS 53, 54, 73–80 A 190, 192 A 153 Thuringia B 2: 252 Transubstantiation B 1: 170, 174 Thailand A 101, 223 A 152, 154, 158 Tibet Transylvania B 2: 285, 301 A 137, 165, 166, 169, 172 B 1: 19, 2: 346 B 2: 214, 300, 301, 303 Thais Travel A 154, 155. See also Nan- Tibetan Buddhism A 103, 127, 171, 195, 214 chao A 166 B 1: 86, 116, 126, 2: 218, Thar Desert Tikal 220, 286, 297, 301 A 142 A 187, 188 Travels of Ibn Battuta Theobald Timbuktu B 2: 303 B 1: 116 A 206 The Treasure of the City of Theodora B 2: 232, 243, 245, 248 Ladies A 52, 54, 56 PS 2, 23–31 B 1: 74 B 2: 199–202, 202 (ill.), Timur Lenk. See Tamerlane PS 81–88 204–07 Tlacaelel Treaty of Verdun PS 132, 136–42 B 2: 254 A 37 Theodoric Tlatelóco B 1: 66, 2: 246 A 23 A 192 Treaty of Winchester B 1: 55, 56, 58, 58 (ill.) Toghril Beg B 1: 109 Theology A 79 Trebizond A 86, 108 B 2: 275, 329, 331 A 122
PS=Middle Ages: Primary Sources Trebizond 33 PS 12 322, 324, 336, 340, 343, Untouchables Trial by ordeal 344, 346, 359 A 144 A 20, 23 PS 1, 2, 6, 10, 12, 15, 16, Upon the Circumstances Trigonometry 22, 142 Which Turn the Head of A 63, 72 Tuscany Most Men from the Rep- B 2: 237 B 1: 148–50, 180 utable Physician Trinity PS 118 B 2: 238 A 108, 109 Twain, Mark Urban II (pope) B 1: 2, 6, 2: 311 B 1: 80 A 101, 102, 104, 109 PS 98 Tyler, Wat B 1: 115, 151, 177, 180 Tripoli A 216 PS 6, 91, 118 A 106 B 2: 361, 362 Usamah ibn Munqidh B 2: 325 PS 1, 2, 15–22 Tristan and Isolde Uthman A 119 A 68 Trojan War U B 2: 263 B 1: 119 Uxmal Uganda A 188 Troubadours A 208 A 119, 221 Uzbekistan Uighurs A 138 Troylus and Criseyde A 164 B 2: 344, 345, 348 B 1: 119 Ujjain PS 74 Ts’ao Ts’ao B 2: 236 PS 160 Ukraine Tu Fu A 13, 42, 57, 131, 146 A 168 B 1: 15 B 1: 4 Umar V Tughluqs A 68 Valdemar IV A 148 Umayyad caliphate B 1: 71 Tunisia A 69, 70 Valencia A 88 B 1: 32 B 1: 102 B 1: 24, 25 Umayyads Valens PS 57 A 68–70, 89, 145 A 14 Turkey Unam Sanctum Valentine (St.) A 47, 48, 55, 59, 61, 77, B 1: 141 B 2: 292 80, 83, 104, 122. See United States PS 43, 45–48 also Anatolia; Asia A 56, 64, 127, 201, 204, Valentine’s Day Minor 215, 225 B 2: 292 B 1: 86, 134, 158, 166, B 2: 229, 231, 235, 251, PS 43, 45, 47, 48 174, 187, 2: 200, 206, 258, 332 Valhalla 220, 273, 279, 292, 302, PS 23, 50, 63, 75, 79, 89, A 45 322, 329, 331, 333, 343, 151, 160 Valkyries 345–47. See also Anato- United States Constitution A 45 lia; Asia Minor A 115 Valley of Mexico PS 1, 12, 140, 141. See also PS 105 A 192 Anatolia United States Declaration of B 2: 253, 254 Turks Independence Valois A 59, 75, 77–83, 91, 99, B 1: 109 A 217 102, 104, 106, 133, 138, University of Bologna Vandals 147, 157, 161, 164, 168, B 1: 69, 181 A 16–18, 23, 48 218 University of Cracow B 1: 29, 2: 202 B 1: 11, 16, 39, 44, 94, B 1: 19 PS 63, 136 158, 166, 181, 2: University of Paris Van Lang 273–76, 278, 279, 321, B 2: 239, 350, 351 A 151
34 Trial by ordeal A=Middle Ages: Almanac B=Middle Ages: Biographies Varangians Vlad Dracul 202, 203, 206, 232, 247, A 41, 57 B 2: 346 248, 253, 274, 313, 359, B 2: 218 Vladimir I (the Great) 361 Vatican A 58 PS 2, 10, 16, 22, 30, 63, A 34, 36 B 1: 42, 87, 87 (ill.) 91, 118, 135 B 2: 298 Vladimir (Russian region) Way of Virtue Venerable Bede A 99 PS 157 B 1: 41, 162–63, 162 (ill.), B 1: 16, 17, 20 Wei dynasty 167 Vladimir-Suzdal. See PS 160 Venice Vladimir (Russian re- Welf A 83, 96, 99, 103, 122, gion) A 114 126, 127, 190, 203 Vlad Tepes B 1: 149, 180, 181 B 1: 69, 182, 2: 297, 298, B 1: 97, 2: 346 Wenceslas 301 Volga Bulgars B 1: 18 B 1: 16 PS 34, 40, 83 Wen Ti Volga River Victor III A 163, 164 A 14 B 1: 149 B 2: 335, 336, 338, B 1: 17 Vienna 357–63 Volsung Saga A 120, 131, 133, 135 PS 161 A 45 B 1: 17, 135, 2: 318 Wessex Voltaire PS 33 A 39 B 1: 169 B 1: 40 Vietnam Volta River A 151–54, 158, 164, 169, A 211 West Africa 171 The Voyage and Travels of Sir A 207, 211 B 2: 214, 285, 301, 360 John Mandeville, Knight B 2: 229, 233, 244, 246, Vijayanagar B 2: 221 247 A 148 Vulcan PS 24 Vikings A 24 Western Europe A 28, 33, 34, 39–42, Vulgate A 1, 2, 4–6, 16, 17, 19, 21, 44–46, 57, 94 A 29 22, 24, 28, 33, 34, 42, B 1: 71, 132, 2: 217, 218, 45, 50, 52, 53, 69, 71, 222, 365 72, 90, 121, 123, 126, PS 7, 12, 145 130, 132, 135, 136, 180, Villas W 214, 222 A 30 B 1: 29, 31, 47, 50, 61, 63, 64, 71, 72, 77, 92, 99, Vinland Wagner, Richard 105, 126, 137, 139, 142, A 40, 41 A 45 145, 151, 158, 161, 167, B 2: 219–21 B 1: 80, 2: 361 Wales 169, 179, 183, 187, 2: Viracocha A 118 213, 235, 236, 293, 314, A 195, 197 B 1: 80 365 B 2: 282 Walter the Penniless. See PS 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, Virgil Gautier Sans Avoir 15–17, 20, 22, 44, 84, B 1: 93 (ill.), 95, 95 (ill.) Wang An-shih 89, 90, 93, 94, 100, 111, PS 121, 122, 127 A 169 112, 118, 129, 146 Virgin Mary. See Mary B 1: 165, 166, 2: 338 Western Roman Empire Visigoths War and Peace A 3, 15–19, 21, 24, 48, A 13–16, 22, 23, 30, 48, B 2: 269 110, 130, 142, 161 88 Wars B 1: 24, 33, 53, 55, 64, 77, B 1: 28, 29, 82, 142 A 56, 99, 103, 107, 127, 137, 139, 169, 2: 199, PS 62, 93 132, 206, 217, 218 231, 232, 359 The Vision of Christine B 1: 12, 13, 39, 43, 63, PS 1, 5, 57, 90, 93, 111, PS 83 122, 126, 154, 188, 2: 135, 136, 140
PS=Middle Ages: Primary Sources Western Roman Empire 35 West Frankish Empire Yoritomo Minamoto. See Mi- A 37, 93 X namoto Yoritomo B 2: 246 Xanadu. See Shang-tu Yoruba Westminster Abbey Xian A 211 B 1: 119 A 167 Yoshifusa Fujiwara. See Fuji- White Guelphs B 2: 336 wara Yoshifusa B 1: 92 PS 157, 158 Yoshimitsu Why God Became Man A 183 B 1: 115 B 1: 57 William II (of England) Yüan dynasty A 107 A 138, 154, 171–72 B 1: 115, 2: 369 Y B 2: 211, 215, 339 PS 118 Yucatán Peninsula Yamato A 190 William X of Aquitaine A 175 Yung-lo B 1: 105 B 2: 330 A 172, 173 William of Champeaux PS 103 B 1: 156, 157, 2: 339 B 1: 2 Yamatoe Yunnan William of Malmesbury A 181 B 2: 300 B 1: 161 Yang Yuri PS 131, 133, 145–53 B 2: 372 B 1: 16, 17, 184 William of Ockham Yang Chien. See Wen Ti A 220 Yangchow B 1: 113, 117–18 B 2: 301 William Rufus. See William Yang Kuei-fei Z II (of England) A 168 William the Conqueror B 1: 4, 188, 2: 342, 360 Zambezi A 95, 107 Yang Ti A 209 B 1: 109, 114, 161, 2: A 164 Zanj 365–70, 365 (ill.) B 2: 336, 359, 360 A 209 PS 133, 146, 150, 152, Yangtze River PS 75 153 B 2: 301 Zanzibar William Wallace Yaqut A 209 B 2: 196, 196 (ill.) B 2: 220, 221, 235 B 1: 164 Zapotec Witan Yaroslav II A 189 B 1: 40, 2: 367 B 1: 17 B 2: 253 Wodehouse, P. G. Yaroslav the Wise Zaragoza B 2: 269 A 58 B 1: 101 World War I Yathrib Zen Buddhism B 2: 274 B 2: 261 A 170, 183 World War II Yellow River Zeno A 183 A 164 A 18 B 1: 18, 2: 274 B 2: 300, 358 Zhang Daoling PS 151 Yellow Turbans PS 157 Worms PS 156, 160 Zhang Jue B 1: 115, 149, 151 Yemen PS 157, 159, 160 Wotan A 64, 88, 144, 172, 202 Zimbabwe A 45 Yesugei A 172, 208, 209–10 Wu Ze-tian B 1: 130 Zofingen A 168 Yiddish PS 46, 47 B 2: 341, 371–75 A 86, 90 Zoroastrianism Wycliffe, John Yi Song-gye A 62, 63, 168 A 223 B 2: 360 B 2: 340
36 West Frankish Empire A=Middle Ages: Almanac B=Middle Ages: Biographies