DOCSLIB.ORG

Middle Ages Reference Library: Cumulative Index 10 987654321 Printed Intheunitedstatesofamerica Produced Bypermissionofthecorbiscorporation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Middle Ages Reference Library: Cumulative Index 10 987654321 Printed Intheunitedstatesofamerica Produced Bypermissionofthecorbiscorporation MA.cu-ttlpgs. qxp 3/31/04 10:17 AM Page 1 Reference Library Cumulative Index MA.cu-ttlpgs. qxp 3/31/04 10:17 AM Page 3 Reference Library Cumulative Index Cumulates Indexes For: Middle Ages: Almanac Middle Ages: Biographies Middle Ages: Primary Sources Judy Galens, Index Coordinator Staff Judy Galens, Index Coordinator Pamela A. E. Galbreath, Senior Art Director Kenn Zorn, Product Design Manager Marco Di Vita, Graphix Group, Typesetting This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The author and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the in- formation. All rights to the publication will be vigorously defended. Copyright ©2001 U•X•L, an imprint of The Gale Group All rights reserved, including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. ISBN 0-7876-5575-9 The front cover photograph of crusaders disembarking in Egypt was re- produced by permission of the Corbis Corporation. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Middle Ages Reference Library: Cumulative Index Middle Ages Reference Library Cumulative Index A=Middle Ages: Almanac B=Middle Ages: Biographies PS=Middle Ages: Primary Sources A Abraham Bold type indicates set title, A 66 main entries, and their page Aachen Abu al-Abbas numbers. A 34–36 A 37 B 1: 64, 66, 66 (ill.), 2: 205 Abu Bakr Italic type indicates volume Abbasid caliphate A 68 numbers. A 75, 78, 139, 209 B 2: 260, 263 B 1: 99, 103, 2: 276, 306 Abu Talib Illustrations are marked by Abbasids B 2: 258 (ill.). A 70, 71, 79 Abu Ya’qub Yusuf B 1: 99, 2: 276 B 1: 33–35 ’Abd al-Mu’mim Abu Yusuf Ya’qub. See al-Mansur B 1: 32 Academy Award Abd-ar-Rahman B 2: 196 A 69, 70 Acre Abd ar-Rahman III A 115, 116, 124 A 88 B 2: 298, 315, 326 B 2: 352 PS 21 Abdullah Adelaide B 2: 258 B 1: 171, 172 Abelard, Peter Adeodatus A 108, 109 B 1: 24 B 1: 1–8, 1 (ill.), 47–51, 117, 2: Adrian IV 349 A 114 Aborigines Adrianople A 158 A 82 1 Adriatic Sea Aladdin Alexandria B 2: 318 A 71 A 199, 211 Adulis PS 79 B 1: 45, 140, 2: 204, 222, A 202 Al-Adil 225, 233, 255, 287 Aegean Sea B 2: 327 PS 31 A 83 Alaric The Alexiad Afghanistan A 16, 17 B 1: 167 A 68, 138, 147, 148 Alaska PS 5–13 B 1: 134, 2: 220, 226, 263, B 2: 300 Alexis I Comnenus 299, 302, 331, 345 Ala-ud-din. See Ala-ud-din A 99, 102 PS 34, 41 Muhammad Khalji B 1: 166, 181 Afonso I Ala-ud-din Muhammad PS 6, 9 A 211, 219 Khalji Alfonso Afonso V A 148, 149 B 1: 99–102 B 1: 156, 158 B 1: 9–14, 2: 303 Alfred the Great Africa Albania B 1: 40–41, 41 (ill.), 45, 58 A 1, 3, 6, 7, 9, 15, 17, 48, A 59, 83 Algebra 64, 65, 69, 70, 75, B 2: 275, 279 A 62, 72 87–89, 92, 172, 197, PS 7 B 1: 94, 2: 237 201–11, 225 Al-Bekri Algeria B 1: 24–26, 29, 32, 36, PS 25, 26 A 15 154–58, 164, 2: 199, Albertus Magnus B 1: 24, 2: 248 202, 204, 220, 229, 233, B 2: 350 PS 58 243–49, 258, 278, 282, Al-Ghazali 292, 304, 339, 351 Albigenses A 68 PS 2, 23–25, 27, 28, 31, A 65, 123 B 1: 34 57, 58, 136, 140, 151 B 1: 125 Alhambra Against Fortunatus the Albigensian Crusade A 69, 70 Manichee A 123, 124 B 1: 27 B 1: 125, 177, 182, 183 Alhazen B 2: 235, 239–40 Age of Discovery Alchemy A 220, 225 A 122, 127 Ali B 1: 159 B 1: 37, 2: 239, 240 A 63, 68, 69 Age of Exploration Alcuin B 2: 258, 260, 263 A 2, 3 A 36 Ali Baba B 1: 159, 2: 222, 304 B 1: 36, 63, 113–14, 119 A 71 Agincourt Alemanni PS 54, 73, 79 A 217 B 1: 80 Al-Idrisi B 2: 192 PS 95, 97, 99 B 2: 220, 235 Agnes of Poitou Aleppo Alighieri, Dante. See Dante B 1: 147 B 2: 322 Alighieri Agra Alexander III (pope) Al-Khayzuran A 149 A 114, 204 B 1: 98 Agriculture B 1: 173 Al-Khwarizmi A 2, 187, 190 Alexander VI (pope) B 2: 235, 237–38 PS 108 A 218 Allah Aisha Alexander Nevsky A 62, 65–68, 144 A 68 A 130, 131 B 1: 13, 34, 2: 257–60, B 2: 260, 263 B 1: 15–22, 15 (ill.), 20 263, 302, 305, 306, Akbar (ill.) 308–10 A 139, 149 Alexander the Great PS 15, 19, 21, 78, 79 Aksum A 134 Allarcos A 201, 202 B 1: 12, 2: 257, 275 B 1: 35, 36 2 Adriatic Sea A=Middle Ages: Almanac B=Middle Ages: Biographies All Men Are Brothers B 2: 357 Annals of Rajasthan PS 161 Anastasius A 149 Al-Mahdi B 1: 36 Annam B 1: 98 Anatolia B 2: 214 Al-Mansur A 77, 82, 83, 104, 110, Anselm. See Anselm of Can- B 1: 34–36 115. See also Asia terbury Al-Masalik wa ’l-Mamalik Minor; Turkey Anselm of Canterbury PS 23–31 B 1: 174, 2: 273, 276–78, A 108 Al-Mas’udi 331, 346, 360. See also B 1: 3, 114–15, 115 (ill.), B 1: 161, 163–64, 2: 235 Asia Minor; Turkey 118 Almohads PS 1. See also Turkey PS 118 A 69, 88, 89 Andaman Islands B 1: 32, 2: 224 B 2: 301 Anselm of Laon B 1: 3–6 Almoravids Andes A 69, 89, 205 A 185, 196, 197 Antioch B 1: 32, 101, 102 B 2: 282, 283 A 104 Al-Mu’tamin Andrew (St.) B 1: 107, 140, 2: 324 B 1: 101 B 2: 293 PS 10, 12, 139, 141 Al Omari Anekdota Anti-Semitism B 2: 229 PS 142 A 85–87, 90, 91 Alp Arslan Angkor Empire Apollo A 80 A 152, 154 B 1: 179 Al-Qayrawan B 2: 285 A 88 Apostles Angkor Thom A 10, 24 Al-Razi A 152, 155 B 1: 86, 2: 205 B 2: 235, 238–39, 239 (ill.) B 2: 284, 285 PS 113, 115, 128 Alsace Angkor Wat PS 45, 48 Aquinas, Thomas. See A 152, 153, 156, 157, 159 B 2: 247 Thomas Aquinas B 2: 284, 285 Amazon Aquitaine B 2: 283 Angles A 110, 114 A 22, 63, 162 Ambrose B 1: 105, 106, 108, B 1: 40 B 1: 26, 139 110–12, 116, 180, 2: PS 145, 146, 148 PS 58 314 Anglo-Saxons Ambrosius Aurelianus Arabesque A 95, 118 A 118 A 62, 74 B 1: 80 B 1: 41, 80, 81, 142 Arabia America. See also United Angola A 210 A 5, 6, 37, 61, 64, 65, 68, States 88 Animism A 2, 6, 115, 158, 185–99, B 1: 36, 156, 157, 2: 230, A 176 209 236, 257, 258, 263, 302 Anjou B 1: 41, 113, 2: 204, 217, PS 22, 74, 142 218, 220, 222, 255, 281, A 96 284, 287, 289, 293 B 1: 105, 108–11, 2: 366, Arabian Nights. See The Thou- American Civil Liberties 367 sand and One Nights Union (ACLU) PS 123, 150 Arabian Peninsula PS 89 An Lu-shan A 61 Anagni A 168 B 1: 164, 2: 221, 257, 323 B 1: 140 B 1: 4, 188, 2: 342, 360 Arabic Anahobe Anna Comnena A 13, 72, 74, 146, 208 B 2: 330 B 1: 161, 166–67, 181, 2: B 1: 34, 36, 37, 49, 98, Anarchy 324, 325 102, 2: 260, 302 A 142, 154, 169, 182, 218 PS 1, 2, 5–13 PS 20, 24 PS=Middle Ages: Primary Sources Arabic 3 Arabs Art Assassins A 5, 6, 50, 63–65, 69–74, A 20, 28, 30, 48, 52–54, A 69, 81, 136 80, 102, 127, 139, 145, 62, 83, 110–13, 142, B 2: 316, 323, 361 146, 209 162, 170, 178, 184, 189, Assyria B 1: 37, 44, 163, 189, 2: 198, 221 A 61 213, 257, 258, 321, 322 Arthur (of England; leg- Astrology PS 2, 16–18, 142 endary king) A 122, 127, 189 Aragon A 118–20 B 1: 69, 70, 94, 153, 154 A 219 B 1: 80, 81 PS 36, 39 B 1: 99, 100, 174 PS 147, 156 Astronomy Archaeology Arthur of Anjou A 34, 36, 72, 127, 167, A 172, 186, 188, 195, 196 B 1: 109, 111 187–89 Archbishop of Canterbury Artillery B 1: 55, 2: 237, 238, 240 A 107, 114 A 108, 111 Asturias B 1: 114–16, 142, 2: 314 Artisans A 219 Archbishops PS 27, 48, 82, 84 Asuka period PS 114 Aryabhata A 176 Architecture B 2: 235, 236–37, 238 PS 103 A 4, 30, 35, 36, 54, 55, 69, Aryabhatiya Aswan 74, 110–12, 113, 142, B 2: 237 B 2: 239 205, 220 Ashikaga shogunate Atahualpa B 1: 64, 175, 2: 204, 365, A 183 A 198 368 B 1: 57 Athanasius Arianism Ashikaga Takauji B 2: 204 A 12, 16, 25 A 183 Athens B 1: 79, 81, 142 B 1: 56 B 1: 4, 30, 96, 98, 112, PS 90, 94, 99 135, 166, 176, 185, 186, Ashkenazim Arigböge 2: 333, 342, 348, 360, A 86, 90 B 2: 211 370 Asia Aristocracy PS 130 A 12, 37, 47–51, 57, 59, A 20, 31, 178–80, 182 Atlantic Ocean 64, 75, 77, 80, 82, 104, B 1: 41 A 9, 205 126, 131, 133–37, 142, B 1: 155, 2: 254 Aristotle 151–53, 155, 156, 164, A 72, 129 165, 167, 168, 171, 172, Atlantis B 1: 31, 33–35, 35 (ill.), 175, 197, 214 A 158 37, 49, 2: 226, 236, 351 B 1: 10, 13, 14, 86, 125, Attila Arius 129, 130, 156, 187, 2: A 16, 17, 37, 38, 42 A 12 199, 209, 210, 212, 220, Audovera Armenia 221, 254, 258, 273, 274, B 2: 373 A 50, 59, 138 282, 292, 298, 300–03, Augustine B 1: 44, 134, 2: 346 331, 332, 342, 344, 360 A 4, 15, 16, 29, 65 PS 6 PS 1, 3, 15, 33, 34, 54, 74, B 1: 23–30, 23 (ill.), 53, Armenian Christians 104, 105, 132 74, 121, 139, 143, 162, A 104 Asia Minor.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Middle School Bee Final Round Regulation Questions
    IHBB European Championships Bee 2018-2019 Bee Final Round Middle School Bee Final Round Regulation Questions (1) One man who held this position was killed in the 10.26 incident by the director of the KCIA. That man’s daughter later became the first woman to hold this position until she was impeached in 2016. The first man to hold this position led his country through a conflict with a northern neighbor and was named Syngman Rhee. Park Chung Hee and Park Geun-Hye held, for the point, what position whose holders live in the Blue House in Seoul? ANSWER: President of South Korea (Accept President of the Republic of Korea, accept Daehan Minguk Daetongnyeong) (2) The state of Krajina [kry-ee-nah] failed to break away from this country, which secured its independence after winning the Battle of Drvar in Operation Storm. Franjo Tudman led this country to victory against Slobodan Milosevic’s forces, then pushed into Bosnia in 1995. For the point, name this country that gained its independence after the breakup of Yugoslavia and established its capital at Zagreb. ANSWER: Croatia (3) After the battle, the loser was given an alcoholic drink as a symbol that he would be spared, which he misinterpreted by passing the glass to his ally, Reynald of Chatillon. Five months after this battle, Baldwin IV routed the winner of this battle at Montgisard. This battle, which was named for an extinct volcano that had two peaks, allowed its winner to recapture Jerusalem later that year. For the point, name this 1187 battle where Saladin crushed the crusaders.
    [Show full text]
  • Urban Society and Communal Independence in Twelfth-Century Southern Italy
    Urban society and communal independence in Twelfth-Century Southern Italy Paul Oldfield Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of PhD. The University of Leeds The School of History September 2006 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. Acknowledgements I would like to express my thanks for the help of so many different people, without which there would simply have been no thesis. The funding of the AHRC (formerly AHRB) and the support of the School of History at the University of Leeds made this research possible in the first place. I am grateful too for the general support, and advice on reading and sources, provided by Dr. A. J. Metcalfe, Dr. P. Skinner, Professor E. Van Houts, and Donald Matthew. Thanks also to Professor J-M. Martin, of the Ecole Francoise de Rome, for his continual eagerness to offer guidance and to discuss the subject. A particularly large thanks to Mr. I. S. Moxon, of the School of History at the University of Leeds, for innumerable afternoons spent pouring over troublesome Latin, for reading drafts, and for just chatting! Last but not least, I am hugely indebted to the support, understanding and endless efforts of my supervisor Professor G. A. Loud. His knowledge and energy for the subject has been infectious, and his generosity in offering me numerous personal translations of key narrative and documentary sources (many of which are used within) allowed this research to take shape and will never be forgotten.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstracts of Papers Delivered at SMM 2017, Ghent University, Arranged Alphabetically on Authors' Names
    Abstracts of papers delivered at SMM 2017, Ghent University, arranged alphabetically on authors' names. Gabriella Addivinola: From the ‘Thinking Heart’ to the ‘Mind in Love’: Reconfiguring Identities from the Troubadours to Dante The change in the representation of love from troubadour poetry to Dante’s work is a very interesting example of the increasingly complex ways in which human psychology was understood and portrayed in the Middle Ages.My paper will analyse a set of examples of love poetry taken from both French and Italian sources, from the twelfth to the fourteenth century, to point out the shift which occurs in the place where love is experienced: from the heart to the mind. This kind of reconstruction finds its meaning in the direct influence that the poetry of the troubadours had on the so-called Sicilian School which, in its own turn, made a fundamental contribution to the development of the Tuscan dolce stil novo, and was further elaborated by Dante. I would like to argue that, if in the lyrics of the troubadours the lover is portrayed mainly as an historical being, whose heart is the place where his inner desires and will are expressed, in the poetry of the dolce stil novo, and especially in Dante’s verses, love is experienced in the mind or the intellect, and this implies a highly complex notion of metaphysical identity. I will therefore point out how the Tuscan poets reinterpret the Biblical tradition through the philosophical contribution of Neoplatonising Aristotelianism: the intellect being understood as infused directly by God bares a strong resemblance and connection with Love represented as the driving force of the Cosmos.
    [Show full text]
  • National History Bowl National Championships Round 3
    National History Bowl National Championships Round 3 Round: 3 Supergroup Group Room: Reader: Scorekeep: Team Names, including letter designation if needed, go in the large boxes to the right. TU# Bonus Bonus Points Cumulative Score Bonus Points Cumulative Score 1 Quarter 1 2 Tossups Only 3 4 Put a "10" in the 5 column of the team 6 that answers correctly. 7 Otherwise leave box 8 blank. 9 10 Quarter 2 1 Tossups and bonuses 2 Put "10" in the team's 3 column. Otherwise, 4 leave box blank. 5 For bonuses, put "0" or 6 Substitutions allowed between Qtrs all "10" in the bonus 7 column. 8 Quarter 3 points points 60 sec. rds - trailing team Lightning Lightning goes first. 10 pts each. Bounceback Bounceback 20 pt bonus for sweep! Total Total Quarter 4 1 Tossups worth 30, 20, or 2 10 points each 3 Put the appropriate 4 number in the column of 5 the team that answers 6 correctly. Otherwise leave 7 box blank. 8 Tiebreakers 1 Tiebreak questions Tie Breaker (Sudden are only used 2 have no point value Victory) to determine winner! 3 at all! Final Score Check score with both teams. Resolve any errors before submitting this scoresheet. NHBB Nationals Bowl 2017-2018 Bowl Round 3 Bowl Round 3 First Quarter (1) This body of water was the destination of Zachariah Gillam's ship Nonsuch. Henry Green and Robert Juet led a mutiny in this body of water, casting the captain of the Discovery and his son adrift to their death. The area around this body of water was once called Rupert's Land.
    [Show full text]
  • Multicultural Exchange in the Norman Palaces of Twelfth
    A Changing Mosaic: Multicultural Exchange in the Norman Palaces of Twelfth-Century Sicily by Dana Katz A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Art University of Toronto © Copyright by Dana Katz 2016 A Changing Mosaic: Multicultural Exchange in the Norman Palaces of Twelfth-Century Sicily by Dana Katz Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Art University of Toronto 2016 Abstract This dissertation examines the twelfth-century residences associated with the Norman Hautevilles in the parklands that surrounded their capital at Palermo. One of the best-preserved ensembles of medieval secular architecture, the principal monuments are the palaces of La Zisa and La Cuba, the complexes of La Favara and Lo Scibene, the hunting lodge at Parco, and the palace at Monreale. The Norman conquest of Sicily in the previous century dramatically altered the local population’s religious and cultural identity. Nevertheless, an Islamic legacy persisted in the park architecture, arranged on axial plans with waterworks and ornamented with muqarnas vaults. By this time, the last Norman king, William II, and his court became aligned with contemporaries in the Latin West, and Muslims became marginalized in Sicily. Part One examines the modern “discovery” and reception of the twelfth-century palaces. As secular examples built in an Islamic mode, they did not fit preconceived paradigms of medieval Western architecture in the scholarly literature, greatly endangering their preservation. My examination reconstructs the vast landscape created by the Norman kings, who modified their surroundings on a monumental scale. Water in the parklands was harnessed to provide for ii artificial lakes and other waterscapes onto which the built environment was sited.
    [Show full text]
  • History for Year 8
    HISTORY FOR YEAR 8 English Version List of Units Unit 8.1 Malta under the Arabs and the Normans p. 1 Unit 8.2 Europe in the Middle Ages p. 7 Unit 8.3 Medieval Life in Malta and its Legacy p. 16 Unit 8.4 The Dawn of the Modern Age p. 27 Unit 8.5 The Crusading Movement and the Order of St John to 1530 p. 36 Acknowledgements The original text of this booklet was the work of Mr Mark Anthony Falzon, History teacher at St Clare College Middle and Secondary School, Pembroke. This booklet was adapted for the history curriculum website and amplified with illustrated sources by the History Department within the Directorate of Learning and Assessment Programmes (MEDE). This booklet is intended to provide English-speaking students with the necessary historical background of the topics covered in the Year 8 History Curriculum. Raymond Spiteri Education Officer for History January 2020 Unit 1: MALTA UNDER THE ARABS AND THE NORMANS THE SPREAD OF ISLAM In 630 AD, Mohammed led a Muslim army against the city of Mecca. The people of Mecca did not put up much of a resistance and Mohammed and his army quickly conquered this city. The Muslims then went on to conquer the whole of the Arabian Peninsula, spreading the Islamic religion among the Arab people. The Arabs continued to conquer other lands in Africa and Asia and so the Islamic religion spread to these lands too. The Arabs also conquered lands which bordered on the Mediterranean Sea, such as Spain and most of the main islands, such as Cyprus, Crete, Sicily and Sardinia.
    [Show full text]
  • Aldrig Har Han Helt Været Vor Egen” – Valget Af Den Danske Prins Carl Til Norges Konge I November 1905
    ”Aldrig har han helt været vor egen” – valget af den danske prins Carl til Norges konge i november 1905 1. Indledning Norge havde siden 1814 været et selvstændigt kongerige, en nationalstat med egen konstitutionel kongemagt i den svensk-norske personalunion (1814-1905), defineret i den norske Eidsvoll- forfatning fra 17. maj 1814. Den svensk-norske personalunion brød sammen med kongeriget Norges ensidige udmeldelse ved en parlaments- og regeringsbeslutning af den 7. juni 1905, den såkaldte 7. juni-erklæring, der fra den norske regerings side fastslog unionens opløsning. Beslutningen blev bekræftet ved en norsk folkeafstemning i august 1905 og den svenske rigsdags anerkendelse af opsigelsen og kong Oscar 2.s (1872-1907) tronfrasigelse som norsk konge i oktober 1905, hvorved Norge blev en uafhængig nationalstat. Med sikringen af den nationalpolitiske uafhængighed efter personalunionens opløsning aktualiseredes spørgsmålet om valget af fremtidig statsform, og i tilfælde af et monarki at vælge en kandidat til den ledige norske trone, som ville kunne få opbakning af alle europæiske stormagter.1 To stormagtsmonarker, den russiske zar Nikolaj 2. (1894-1917) og den tyske kejser Wilhelm 2. (1888-1918), foreslog den danske prins Valdemar, kong Christian 9.s (1863-1906) yngste søn, som ny norsk regent. Men han afslog i 1905 tilbuddet. Den evangelisk-lutherske prins Valdemar havde i 1885 ægtet den franske prinsesse Marie af Orléans (1865-1909). Katolske kvindelige fyrstelige beholdt ifølge gængs praksis deres tro, hvis de giftede sig ind i ikke-katolske (protestantiske og ortodokse) fyrstehuse. Den katolske prinsesse Marie konverterede ikke til sin gemals tro. Valdemars gemalindes katolske tro voldte tillige besværligheder i det protestantiske Norge.2 1 Umiddelbart efter den norske opsigelse af unionen med Sverige i juni 1905, foranlediget af nationalismen, fremsatte den norske regering Bernadotte-tilbuddet, der under betingelse af en fraskrivning af arveretten til den svenske trone tilbød en valgt Bernadotte-monark i et uafhængigt Norge.
    [Show full text]
  • Open THESIS SUBMISSION5.Pdf
    THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHREYER HONORS COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES ACCIDENT, OPPORTUNITY, AND FAMILY TIES: NORMAN "STATE-BUILDING" IN SOUTHERN ITALY 999-1085 SEAN C. SURFACE SPRING 2013 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a baccalaureate degree in History with honors in History Reviewed and approved* by the following: Kathryn Salzer Associate Professor of History Thesis Supervisor Michael Milligan Senior Lecturer in History Honors Adviser * Signatures are on file in the Schreyer Honors College. i ABSTRACT Accident, Opportunity, and Family Ties: Norman "State-Building" in Southern Italy 999- 1085 analyzes the slow and tumultuous takeover of southern Italy and Sicily by Norman immigrants in the eleventh century. Inheriting from their forebears in Normandy a uniquely flexible definition of kinship, these invaders were highly adaptable to the chaotic political landscape of Italy in the High Middle Ages. Entering the scene as mercenaries, pilgrims, and adventurers seeking glory, over the course of the eleventh century they became bandits, then landowners, then counts beneath the native rulers, and finally achieved the status of ducal powers. With no apparent plan leading to this conquest, and many signs that they were possessed of a peerless ability to take advantage of their neighbors' disorder, the Normans under the (in)famous Robert Guiscard and his family created a powerful duchy, and by the middle of the twelfth century the Kingdom of Sicily, which would exert considerable influence over the affairs of the great powers of the papacy, the Holy Roman Empire, and the Byzantine Empire throughout the Crusader Era. The translation of social values, particularly the role of kinship between the Norman rulers, and how these values affected the course of the conquest and its aftermath are the subject of this thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • A Short History of Germany
    CTV » |-aill|||lK-4JJ • -^ V •^ VmOO^* «>^ "^ * ©IIS * •< f I * '^ *o • ft *0 * •J' c*- ^oV^ . "^^^O^ 4 o » 3, 9 9^ t^^^ 5^. ^ L^' HISTORY OF GERMANY. A SHORT HISTORY OF GERMANY BY Mrs. H. C. HAWTREY WITH ADDITIONAL CHAPTERS BY AMANDA M. FLATTERY 3 4i,> PUBLISHED FOR THE BAY VIEW READING CLUB Central Office, 165 Boston Boulevard DETROIT, MICH. 1903 iTI --0 H^ THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. Two Copies Received JUL to 1903 •J Copyrigiil Entry Buss OL XXc N» COPY B. Copyright, 1903, by LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. r t" t KOBERT DRUMMOND, PRINTER, NEW YORK. PREFACE. It would be absurd to suppose that a History of Germany could be written within the compass of 300 pages. The merest outline is all that could be given in this little book, and very much of vast interest and im- portance has necessarily been omitted. But some knowledge of the political events of former days is necessary for all persons—more especially trav- ellers—who desire to understand and appreciate the customs, buildings, paintings, etc., of any country, and it is hoped that short continental histories may be useful to many who have not time or opportunity for closer study. My aim in the present volume has been simply to give one marked characteristic of each King or Emperor's reign, so as to fix it in the memory; and to show how Prussia came to hold its present position of importance amongst the continental powers of Europe. Emily Hawtrey. iiL BOOK I. HISTORY OF GERMANY. INTRODUCTION. CHAPTER I. The mighty Teutonic or German race in Europe did not begin to play its part in history until the decline of the Roman Empire ; but we must all of us feel the warm- est interest in it when it does begin, for it represents not only the central history of Europe in the Middle Ages, but also the rise of our own forefathers in their home and birthplace of Germany.
    [Show full text]
  • Alexander of Telese's Encomium of Capua and the Formation of The
    The University of Manchester Research Alexander of Telese’s Encomium of Capua and the Formation of the Kingdom of Sicily DOI: 10.1111/1468-229X.12374 Document Version Accepted author manuscript Link to publication record in Manchester Research Explorer Citation for published version (APA): Oldfield, P. (2017). Alexander of Telese’s Encomium of Capua and the Formation of the Kingdom of Sicily. History, 102(350), 183-200. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-229X.12374 Published in: History Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on Manchester Research Explorer is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Proof version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Research Explorer are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Takedown policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please refer to the University of Manchester’s Takedown Procedures [http://man.ac.uk/04Y6Bo] or contact [email protected] providing relevant details, so we can investigate your claim. Download date:30. Sep. 2021 Alexander of Telese’s Encomium of Capua and the Formation of the Kingdom of Sicily1 Paul Oldfield (This article accepted for publication by History: The Journal of the Historical Association on 01/11/16) In 1130 Roger II Count of Sicily took the momentous step of claiming a novel royal title.
    [Show full text]
  • THE BATTLE of DYRRHACHIUM PYRRHUS LIVES! in the Early 1000S, the Normans Were One of the Most Dynamic Groups of People Seen in Europe for Many Decades
    By Eoghan Kelly THEME THE BATTLE OF DYRRHACHIUM PYRRHUS LIVES! In the early 1000s, the Normans were one of the most dynamic groups of people seen in Europe for many decades. Descended from Vikings, they settled initially in Normandy in northern France, but as their population of warlike nobility ex- panded, they sought new adventures and new lands. In 1015, responding to an opportunity to act as swords for hire, with the payment being in land, a group of these martial mercenaries turned up in Southern Italy. Here they became involved in settling long running feuds between the Lombards, the Papacy and Byzantium – not least by judiciously changing sides whenever it seemed advantageous. y bringing this new pragmatic form of warfare to troublemakers would behave once and for all, Rob- Italy, it wasn’t long before they gave up serving ert readily seized on the chance to do so when the others (at least overtly serving others) and now Byzantine Emperor, Michael VII Doukas, oered his B served only their own needs. The family of the son and heir Constantine as groom to Roberts daugh- day were the Hauteville family and their main repre- ter Helena – thereby placing the Hauteville/Guiscard sentative, Robert Guiscard. Robert was the sixth son line onto the throne of the Byzantine Empire – up- of a minor noble in Normandy and was despatched to starts no more. The Emperor had to deal with threats seek his fame and fortune in Italy. from the East and he could spare little time or eort fighting a western Christian and this alliance would Arriving in around 1047, Robert initially acted as the seem to preserve this best of all.
    [Show full text]
  • What Was the Relationship Between Southern Italy and Sicily, Crusading and the Crusader States, C
    What was the relationship between Southern Italy and Sicily, Crusading and the Crusader States, c. 1060-1198? Paula Z. Hailstone Royal Holloway, University of London PhD Degree 1 Declaration of authorship I, Paula Z Hailstone, hereby declare that this thesis and the work presented in it is entirely my own. Where I have consulted the work of others, that is always clearly stated. Signed: Date: 26th September 2018 2 Abstract Despite the centrality of their geographical location in relation to routes to the East, the contribution of southern Italy and Sicily to the history of crusading and the crusader states (c. 1060-1198) has often only been recognised in passing. Historians have tended to focus upon either the development of the Italo-Norman states in southern Italy and Sicily, or on the crusades and their outcome in the Latin East. This thesis examines the interaction between these two different strands through an exploration of the role of identity. Building upon previous scholarship, it argues that an emergent Italo-Norman identity can be discerned in the actions and practices of the southern Italian contingent on the First Crusade and its aftermath. Different elements of identity were foregrounded by Bohemond et al for political purposes. A similar process of deliberate identification occurred following the creation of the kingdom of Sicily. Here, differences in the identities adopted on Sicily and the mainland were reflected in the subsequent political orientation of the two areas, with Sicily looking towards North Africa whilst the mainland continued to act as the principal conduit between the West and the Latin Near East.
    [Show full text]