MA.cu-ttlpgs. qxp 3/31/04 10:17 AM Page 1 Reference Library Cumulative Index MA.cu-ttlpgs. qxp 3/31/04 10:17 AM Page 3 Reference Library Cumulative Index Cumulates Indexes For: Middle Ages: Almanac Middle Ages: Biographies Middle Ages: Primary Sources Judy Galens, Index Coordinator Staff Judy Galens, Index Coordinator Pamela A. E. Galbreath, Senior Art Director Kenn Zorn, Product Design Manager Marco Di Vita, Graphix Group, Typesetting This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The author and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the in- formation. All rights to the publication will be vigorously defended. Copyright ©2001 U•X•L, an imprint of The Gale Group All rights reserved, including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. ISBN 0-7876-5575-9 The front cover photograph of crusaders disembarking in Egypt was re- produced by permission of the Corbis Corporation. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Middle Ages Reference Library: Cumulative Index Middle Ages Reference Library Cumulative Index A=Middle Ages: Almanac B=Middle Ages: Biographies PS=Middle Ages: Primary Sources A Abraham Bold type indicates set title, A 66 main entries, and their page Aachen Abu al-Abbas numbers. A 34–36 A 37 B 1: 64, 66, 66 (ill.), 2: 205 Abu Bakr Italic type indicates volume Abbasid caliphate A 68 numbers. A 75, 78, 139, 209 B 2: 260, 263 B 1: 99, 103, 2: 276, 306 Abu Talib Illustrations are marked by Abbasids B 2: 258 (ill.). A 70, 71, 79 Abu Ya’qub Yusuf B 1: 99, 2: 276 B 1: 33–35 ’Abd al-Mu’mim Abu Yusuf Ya’qub. See al-Mansur B 1: 32 Academy Award Abd-ar-Rahman B 2: 196 A 69, 70 Acre Abd ar-Rahman III A 115, 116, 124 A 88 B 2: 298, 315, 326 B 2: 352 PS 21 Abdullah Adelaide B 2: 258 B 1: 171, 172 Abelard, Peter Adeodatus A 108, 109 B 1: 24 B 1: 1–8, 1 (ill.), 47–51, 117, 2: Adrian IV 349 A 114 Aborigines Adrianople A 158 A 82 1 Adriatic Sea Aladdin Alexandria B 2: 318 A 71 A 199, 211 Adulis PS 79 B 1: 45, 140, 2: 204, 222, A 202 Al-Adil 225, 233, 255, 287 Aegean Sea B 2: 327 PS 31 A 83 Alaric The Alexiad Afghanistan A 16, 17 B 1: 167 A 68, 138, 147, 148 Alaska PS 5–13 B 1: 134, 2: 220, 226, 263, B 2: 300 Alexis I Comnenus 299, 302, 331, 345 Ala-ud-din. See Ala-ud-din A 99, 102 PS 34, 41 Muhammad Khalji B 1: 166, 181 Afonso I Ala-ud-din Muhammad PS 6, 9 A 211, 219 Khalji Alfonso Afonso V A 148, 149 B 1: 99–102 B 1: 156, 158 B 1: 9–14, 2: 303 Alfred the Great Africa Albania B 1: 40–41, 41 (ill.), 45, 58 A 1, 3, 6, 7, 9, 15, 17, 48, A 59, 83 Algebra 64, 65, 69, 70, 75, B 2: 275, 279 A 62, 72 87–89, 92, 172, 197, PS 7 B 1: 94, 2: 237 201–11, 225 Al-Bekri Algeria B 1: 24–26, 29, 32, 36, PS 25, 26 A 15 154–58, 164, 2: 199, Albertus Magnus B 1: 24, 2: 248 202, 204, 220, 229, 233, B 2: 350 PS 58 243–49, 258, 278, 282, Al-Ghazali 292, 304, 339, 351 Albigenses A 68 PS 2, 23–25, 27, 28, 31, A 65, 123 B 1: 34 57, 58, 136, 140, 151 B 1: 125 Alhambra Against Fortunatus the Albigensian Crusade A 69, 70 Manichee A 123, 124 B 1: 27 B 1: 125, 177, 182, 183 Alhazen B 2: 235, 239–40 Age of Discovery Alchemy A 220, 225 A 122, 127 Ali B 1: 159 B 1: 37, 2: 239, 240 A 63, 68, 69 Age of Exploration Alcuin B 2: 258, 260, 263 A 2, 3 A 36 Ali Baba B 1: 159, 2: 222, 304 B 1: 36, 63, 113–14, 119 A 71 Agincourt Alemanni PS 54, 73, 79 A 217 B 1: 80 Al-Idrisi B 2: 192 PS 95, 97, 99 B 2: 220, 235 Agnes of Poitou Aleppo Alighieri, Dante. See Dante B 1: 147 B 2: 322 Alighieri Agra Alexander III (pope) Al-Khayzuran A 149 A 114, 204 B 1: 98 Agriculture B 1: 173 Al-Khwarizmi A 2, 187, 190 Alexander VI (pope) B 2: 235, 237–38 PS 108 A 218 Allah Aisha Alexander Nevsky A 62, 65–68, 144 A 68 A 130, 131 B 1: 13, 34, 2: 257–60, B 2: 260, 263 B 1: 15–22, 15 (ill.), 20 263, 302, 305, 306, Akbar (ill.) 308–10 A 139, 149 Alexander the Great PS 15, 19, 21, 78, 79 Aksum A 134 Allarcos A 201, 202 B 1: 12, 2: 257, 275 B 1: 35, 36 2 Adriatic Sea A=Middle Ages: Almanac B=Middle Ages: Biographies All Men Are Brothers B 2: 357 Annals of Rajasthan PS 161 Anastasius A 149 Al-Mahdi B 1: 36 Annam B 1: 98 Anatolia B 2: 214 Al-Mansur A 77, 82, 83, 104, 110, Anselm. See Anselm of Can- B 1: 34–36 115. See also Asia terbury Al-Masalik wa ’l-Mamalik Minor; Turkey Anselm of Canterbury PS 23–31 B 1: 174, 2: 273, 276–78, A 108 Al-Mas’udi 331, 346, 360. See also B 1: 3, 114–15, 115 (ill.), B 1: 161, 163–64, 2: 235 Asia Minor; Turkey 118 Almohads PS 1. See also Turkey PS 118 A 69, 88, 89 Andaman Islands B 1: 32, 2: 224 B 2: 301 Anselm of Laon B 1: 3–6 Almoravids Andes A 69, 89, 205 A 185, 196, 197 Antioch B 1: 32, 101, 102 B 2: 282, 283 A 104 Al-Mu’tamin Andrew (St.) B 1: 107, 140, 2: 324 B 1: 101 B 2: 293 PS 10, 12, 139, 141 Al Omari Anekdota Anti-Semitism B 2: 229 PS 142 A 85–87, 90, 91 Alp Arslan Angkor Empire Apollo A 80 A 152, 154 B 1: 179 Al-Qayrawan B 2: 285 A 88 Apostles Angkor Thom A 10, 24 Al-Razi A 152, 155 B 1: 86, 2: 205 B 2: 235, 238–39, 239 (ill.) B 2: 284, 285 PS 113, 115, 128 Alsace Angkor Wat PS 45, 48 Aquinas, Thomas. See A 152, 153, 156, 157, 159 B 2: 247 Thomas Aquinas B 2: 284, 285 Amazon Aquitaine B 2: 283 Angles A 110, 114 A 22, 63, 162 Ambrose B 1: 105, 106, 108, B 1: 40 B 1: 26, 139 110–12, 116, 180, 2: PS 145, 146, 148 PS 58 314 Anglo-Saxons Ambrosius Aurelianus Arabesque A 95, 118 A 118 A 62, 74 B 1: 80 B 1: 41, 80, 81, 142 Arabia America. See also United Angola A 210 A 5, 6, 37, 61, 64, 65, 68, States 88 Animism A 2, 6, 115, 158, 185–99, B 1: 36, 156, 157, 2: 230, A 176 209 236, 257, 258, 263, 302 Anjou B 1: 41, 113, 2: 204, 217, PS 22, 74, 142 218, 220, 222, 255, 281, A 96 284, 287, 289, 293 B 1: 105, 108–11, 2: 366, Arabian Nights. See The Thou- American Civil Liberties 367 sand and One Nights Union (ACLU) PS 123, 150 Arabian Peninsula PS 89 An Lu-shan A 61 Anagni A 168 B 1: 164, 2: 221, 257, 323 B 1: 140 B 1: 4, 188, 2: 342, 360 Arabic Anahobe Anna Comnena A 13, 72, 74, 146, 208 B 2: 330 B 1: 161, 166–67, 181, 2: B 1: 34, 36, 37, 49, 98, Anarchy 324, 325 102, 2: 260, 302 A 142, 154, 169, 182, 218 PS 1, 2, 5–13 PS 20, 24 PS=Middle Ages: Primary Sources Arabic 3 Arabs Art Assassins A 5, 6, 50, 63–65, 69–74, A 20, 28, 30, 48, 52–54, A 69, 81, 136 80, 102, 127, 139, 145, 62, 83, 110–13, 142, B 2: 316, 323, 361 146, 209 162, 170, 178, 184, 189, Assyria B 1: 37, 44, 163, 189, 2: 198, 221 A 61 213, 257, 258, 321, 322 Arthur (of England; leg- Astrology PS 2, 16–18, 142 endary king) A 122, 127, 189 Aragon A 118–20 B 1: 69, 70, 94, 153, 154 A 219 B 1: 80, 81 PS 36, 39 B 1: 99, 100, 174 PS 147, 156 Astronomy Archaeology Arthur of Anjou A 34, 36, 72, 127, 167, A 172, 186, 188, 195, 196 B 1: 109, 111 187–89 Archbishop of Canterbury Artillery B 1: 55, 2: 237, 238, 240 A 107, 114 A 108, 111 Asturias B 1: 114–16, 142, 2: 314 Artisans A 219 Archbishops PS 27, 48, 82, 84 Asuka period PS 114 Aryabhata A 176 Architecture B 2: 235, 236–37, 238 PS 103 A 4, 30, 35, 36, 54, 55, 69, Aryabhatiya Aswan 74, 110–12, 113, 142, B 2: 237 B 2: 239 205, 220 Ashikaga shogunate Atahualpa B 1: 64, 175, 2: 204, 365, A 183 A 198 368 B 1: 57 Athanasius Arianism Ashikaga Takauji B 2: 204 A 12, 16, 25 A 183 Athens B 1: 79, 81, 142 B 1: 56 B 1: 4, 30, 96, 98, 112, PS 90, 94, 99 135, 166, 176, 185, 186, Ashkenazim Arigböge 2: 333, 342, 348, 360, A 86, 90 B 2: 211 370 Asia Aristocracy PS 130 A 12, 37, 47–51, 57, 59, A 20, 31, 178–80, 182 Atlantic Ocean 64, 75, 77, 80, 82, 104, B 1: 41 A 9, 205 126, 131, 133–37, 142, B 1: 155, 2: 254 Aristotle 151–53, 155, 156, 164, A 72, 129 165, 167, 168, 171, 172, Atlantis B 1: 31, 33–35, 35 (ill.), 175, 197, 214 A 158 37, 49, 2: 226, 236, 351 B 1: 10, 13, 14, 86, 125, Attila Arius 129, 130, 156, 187, 2: A 16, 17, 37, 38, 42 A 12 199, 209, 210, 212, 220, Audovera Armenia 221, 254, 258, 273, 274, B 2: 373 A 50, 59, 138 282, 292, 298, 300–03, Augustine B 1: 44, 134, 2: 346 331, 332, 342, 344, 360 A 4, 15, 16, 29, 65 PS 6 PS 1, 3, 15, 33, 34, 54, 74, B 1: 23–30, 23 (ill.), 53, Armenian Christians 104, 105, 132 74, 121, 139, 143, 162, A 104 Asia Minor.