Bibliotheca Sacra
1901.] Conflict of Papacy and Empire. 491 ARTICLE V. THE FINAL CONFLICT OF THE PAPACY AND v THE MEDI£VAL EMPIRE. BY PROIlltSSOR DAVID S. SCHAFF, D. D. To the men of t<Hiay the half-century just passed seems to be one of the most wonderful eras in the world's history. Men of former generations have had this same feeling as they looked back over the events of their age. Writing of the first fifty years of the thirteenth century, Matthew Paris, a contemporary, says: "All these remarkable and strange events, the like of which have never been seen or heard of, nor are found in any writings of our fathers in times past, occurred during this last half-century." In this list of wonderful events, not a single invention or mechan ical discovery is adduced, and from the realm of nature only a few portents are mentioned. But, for all that, those fifty years do constitute a remarkable period. It was still the age of the Crusades, whose energies were, however, fast waning. It was the age of Francis d'Assisi and Dom inic, and the rise of the Mendicant Orders. It was the age of some of the greater Schoolmen. It was the age of Inno cent II!., whose eminence no occupant of the papal chair has ever surpassed, and few have equaled. It was the age of Runnymede and the Great Charter. Of the period, taken as a whole, the central figure was that very extraordinary personage, Frederick II., King of Sicily and Emperor of Germany.
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