IBN HAZM on the Doctrine of Tahrif
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Muslim Identities: an Introduction to Islam
Muslim Identities Tafsir Tawil Rashidun The Succession to Muhammad Ghulat Ulama Naskh Ijtihad Madhahib Kalam 3 suras verses referred to as ayas ya Idha l-ardu Wa akhrajati l-ardu Wa l-insanu ma laha Yawma’idhin tuhaddithu akhbaraha basmala bees The Koran Interpreted and The Meaning of the Glorious Koran* *The Koran Interpreted Traditional Accounts isma sahaba ummi ummi Ummi The Critical View Muhammad Is Not the Father of Any of Your Men . -
The Political Failure of Islamic Law
The Political Failure of Islamic Law Bernard Haykel Yale Law School a Occasional Papers The Political Failure of Islamic Law Bernard Haykel The Dallah Albaraka Lectures on Islamic Law and Civilization September 24, 2013 Yale Law School a Occasional Papers New Haven 2014 Bernard Haykel is Professor of Near Eastern Studies and Direc- he title chosen for this lecture is deliberately provocative tor of the Institute for Transregional Study of the Contempo- T and somewhat misleading. It is not meant to suggest rary Middle East, North Africa and Central Asia at Princeton that Islam, or Islamic law, has failed in some general or nor- University. The views expressed in this lecture are solely those of mative sense. Rather, the lecture will argue that the e≠ort Professor Haykel. © 2014 Bernard Haykel by modern Sunni Muslim Reformers, and their Islamist fol- lowers, to generate Islamic legal rulings has failed to achieve the political vision of a powerful and confident Islamic order. The Reformers’ political program has failed both because their interpretation of the law has proven inadequate to deliver on its promises and because the instrument through which they chose to impose this interpretation—the institu- tion of the modern state—has proven inappropriate for the purpose. I hope to show here that this failure is due to the fact that the program of the modern Sunni Reformers rep- resents a double rupture with the past: first, the Reformers deliberately chose to sweep away the teachings of the estab- lished schools of law; second, they opted for the state rather than society as the means by which to impose their program. -
On the Qur'anic Accusation of Scriptural Falsification (Tahrîf) and Christian Anti-Jewish Polemic
On the Qur'anic Accusation of Scriptural Falsification (tahrîf) and Christian Anti-Jewish Polemic GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME According to the fully articulated salvation history of Islam, Moses and Jesus (like all prophets) were Muslims. Moses received an Islamic scripture, the Torah {tawrät), as did Jesus, the Gospel (injU). Their communities, however, suppressed their religion and altered their scriptures. Accordingly, a canonical h^dlth has the Prophet Muhammad declare: O community of Muslims, how is it that you seek wisdom from the People of the Book? Your book, brought down upon His Prophet—blessings and peace of God upon him—is the latest report about God. You read a Book that has not been distorted, but the People of the Book, as God related to you, exchanged that which God wrote [for something else], changing the book with their hands. ' This hcidïth refiects the idea found frequently among Muslim scholars, usually described with the term tahrîf, that the Bible has been literally altered. The same idea lies behind Yâqût's (d. 626/1229) attribution of a quotation on Jerusalem to a Jewish convert to Islam from Banü Qurayza "who possessed a copy of the uncorrupted Torah." •^ Muslim scholars also accuse Jews and Christians of misinterpreting the Bible by hiding, ignoring, or misreading it, and on occasion they describe such misinterpretation as tahrîf as well. Accordingly, in scholarly treatments of the subject a comparison is sometimes made between tahrîf al-nass, alteration of the text of scripture, and tahrîf al-ma'anî, misinterpre- tation of scripture. Yet Muslim scholars who accuse Jews and Christians of misinterpreta- tion do not mean to imply thereby that the Bible has not been altered. -
The Qur'an and the Gospels – a Comparative Study
The Qur'an and the Gospels A Comparative Study Dr. Muhammad Abu Laylah AL-FALAH FOUNDATION For Translation, Publication & Distribution © AL-FALAH FOUNDATION FOR TRANSLATION, PUBLICATION & DISTRJBUTION. Third edition. 1426 / 2005. All rights reserved. No part of this puhlication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, me chanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the publishers. Third edition prepared by: Ahmad M. Hasan Cover design by: Wesam M. Hasan Technical supervisor: Said Fares General director: Sheikh Muhammad 'Abdu Published by: AL-FALAH FOUNDATION FOR TRANSLATION, PUBLICATION & DISTRIBUTION 24 At-Tayaran st., Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt Tel. & fax: (202) 2622838 Website: www.falahonline.com E-mail: [email protected] "V / f, YV'r :tl~~1 r-tJ I.S.B. N. : 977-5813-55-X Contents - Preface .......... .... ... ........................ ..... ..... .. .... ... ... .. .... .. ................ .. ...... V - Introduction to the Third Edition ............ ... ...... .. .. ...... .. ...... .. VII CHAPTER ONE • Islam's Attitude Towards the Preceding Prophets ... .... - Jesus in the Qur'an .... ................................ .... ... .............. ...... .. 2 - Jesus' titles in the Qur'an and the Gospels .... .... ...... ...... .. ..... 5 CHAPTER TWO • Islam - Concept, Dimension and Attitude Towards Prophets and Prophecies ....... .... ... ..... ............... .. .. ...... ..... .. ... 13 - The concept of Islam and its message ... ..... ............. -
Reflections on Islam
SBJT · Vol. 20 · No. 2 · Summer 2016 2 · Summer 20 · No. · Vol. SBJT Volume 20 · Number 2 Summer 2016 Refections on Islam Re f ections on Islam ections 2825 Lexington Road Louisville, Kentucky 40280 (502) 897-4413 • 1 (800) 626-5525 www.sbts.edu ST-528-2016 Vol. 20 • Num. 2 Summer 2016 Reflections on Islam Stephen J. Wellum 5 Editorial: Proclaiming the Gospel to Islam Rodney Stark 9 Te Case for the Crusades James R. White 29 “Take Me and My Mother as Gods Apart from God”: Surat Al Maida and the Qur’an’s Understanding of the Trinity Tony Costa 41 Jesus in Islam Tony Costa 59 Does the Bible Predict the Coming of Muhammad? J. Scot Bridger 75 An Inside Look at Insider Ecclesiology: Te Jamā ‘at Al-Mu’manīn or “Assembly of the Believers” in the Tought of Mazhar Al-Mallouhi SBJT Forum 95 Book Reviews 99 Editor-in-Chief: R. Albert Mohler, Jr. • Editor: Stephen J. Wellum • Associate Editor: Brian Vickers • Book Review Editor: Jarvis J. Williams • Assistant Editor: Brent E. Parker • Editorial Board: Randy L. Stinson, Daniel S. Dumas, Gregory A. Wills, Adam W. Greenway, Timothy Paul Jones, Steve Waters • Typographer: Eric Rivier Jimenez • Editorial Ofce: SBTS Box 832, 2825 Lexington Rd., Louisville, KY 40280, (800) 626-5525, x 4413 • Editorial E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Editorial: Proclaiming the Gospel to Islam Stephen J. Wellum Stephen J. Wellum is Professor of Christian Teology at Te Southern Baptist Teo- logical Seminary and editor of Southern Baptist Journal of Teology. He received his Ph.D. -
Volume 7: Shaping Global Islamic Discourses : the Role of Al-Azhar, Al-Medina and Al-Mustafa Masooda Bano Editor
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by eCommons@AKU eCommons@AKU Exploring Muslim Contexts ISMC Series 3-2015 Volume 7: Shaping Global Islamic Discourses : The Role of al-Azhar, al-Medina and al-Mustafa Masooda Bano Editor Keiko Sakurai Editor Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.aku.edu/uk_ismc_series_emc Recommended Citation Bano, M. , Sakurai, K. (Eds.). (2015). Volume 7: Shaping Global Islamic Discourses : The Role of al-Azhar, al-Medina and al-Mustafa Vol. 7, p. 242. Available at: https://ecommons.aku.edu/uk_ismc_series_emc/9 Shaping Global Islamic Discourses Exploring Muslim Contexts Series Editor: Farouk Topan Books in the series include Development Models in Muslim Contexts: Chinese, “Islamic” and Neo-liberal Alternatives Edited by Robert Springborg The Challenge of Pluralism: Paradigms from Muslim Contexts Edited by Abdou Filali-Ansary and Sikeena Karmali Ahmed Ethnographies of Islam: Ritual Performances and Everyday Practices Edited by Badouin Dupret, Thomas Pierret, Paulo Pinto and Kathryn Spellman-Poots Cosmopolitanisms in Muslim Contexts: Perspectives from the Past Edited by Derryl MacLean and Sikeena Karmali Ahmed Genealogy and Knowledge in Muslim Societies: Understanding the Past Edited by Sarah Bowen Savant and Helena de Felipe Contemporary Islamic Law in Indonesia: Shariah and Legal Pluralism Arskal Salim Shaping Global Islamic Discourses: The Role of al-Azhar, al-Medina and al-Mustafa Edited by Masooda Bano and Keiko Sakurai www.euppublishing.com/series/ecmc -
Islam and the Challenge of Democratic Commitment
Fordham International Law Journal Volume 27, Issue 1 2003 Article 2 Islam and the Challenge of Democratic Commitment Dr. Khaled Abou El-Fadl∗ ∗ Copyright c 2003 by the authors. Fordham International Law Journal is produced by The Berke- ley Electronic Press (bepress). http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/ilj Islam and the Challenge of Democratic Commitment Dr. Khaled Abou El-Fadl Abstract The author questions whether concurrent and simultaneous moral and normative commit- ments to Islam and to a democratic form of government are reconcilable or mutually exclusive. The author will argue in this Article that it is indeed possible to reconcile Islam with a commitment in favor of democracy. The author will then present a systematic exploration of Islamic theology and law as it relates to a democratic system of government, and in this context, address the various elements within Islamic belief and practice that promote, challenge, or hinder the emergence of an ideological commitment in favor of democracy. In many ways, the basic and fundamental ob- jective of this Article is to investigate whether the Islamic faith is consistent or reconcilable with a democratic faith. As addressed below, both Islam and democracy represent a set of comprehensive and normative moral commitments and beliefs about, among other things, the worth and entitle- ments of human beings. The challenging issue is to understand the ways in which the Islamic and democratic systems of convictions and moral commitments could undermine, negate, or validate and support each other. ISLAM AND THE CHALLENGE OF DEMOCRATIC COMMITMENT Dr. Khaled Abou El Fadl* The question I deal with here is whether concurrent and simultaneous moral and normative commitments to Islam and to a democratic form of government are reconcilable or mutually exclusive. -
Can We Trust the Bible?
Islam & the Gospel: Can We Trust the Bible? Think About It— Why do you trust the Bible? Talk About It— Tahrif—the Islamic doctrine that the original revelation of the Jewish and Christian scriptures (the Old and New Testaments) have been corrupted. Tabdil/Taghyr—A change to the text of the Bible resulting in a corrupted manuscript tradition. Tawrat—Jewish Torah (first five books of the Old Testament). Zabur—The original psalms of David. Injil—The original Gospels, as revealed to and recorded by Jesus. The Islamic Charge Against the Christian Scriptures 1. The Bible has been changed at the level of the text’s meaning (tahrif al-mana). These changes occur by intentional misrepresentation of the text’s meaning, but might also occur through the addition of additional material, such as that of non- inspired books (White, 175). There is among them a section who distort the Book with their tongues: (as they read) you would think it is a part of the Book, but it is no part of the Book; and they say ‘That is from God,’ but it is not from God . (3.78) 2. The Bible has been changed at the level of the actual text (tahrif al-nass). Can ye (O ye men of faith) entertain the hope that they will believe in you?—seeing that a party of them heard the word of God, and perverted it knowingly after they understood it (2.75; also, 5.13; 41). 3. The textual variants in the New Testament reveal intentional corruptions so profound that the original text is impossible to discern. -
Enshrining, Adapting and Contesting the Latin Apology of Al-Kindi: Readers' Interactions with an Authoritative Polemic Against Islam
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 12-2008 Enshrining, Adapting and Contesting the Latin Apology of al-Kindi: Readers' Interactions with an Authoritative Polemic against Islam Leah Jenkins Giamalva University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Giamalva, Leah Jenkins, "Enshrining, Adapting and Contesting the Latin Apology of al-Kindi: Readers' Interactions with an Authoritative Polemic against Islam. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2008. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/385 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Leah Jenkins Giamalva entitled "Enshrining, Adapting and Contesting the Latin Apology of al-Kindi: Readers' Interactions with an Authoritative Polemic against Islam." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in History. Thomas Burman, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Maura Lafferty, Jay Rubenstein Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Leah Jenkins Giamalva entitled “Enshrining, Adapting and Contesting the Latin Apology of al-Kindi: Readers' Interactions with an Authoritative Polemic against Islam”. -
Facing the Muslim Challenge
FACING THE MUSLIM CHALLENGE A HANDBOOK OF CHRISTIAN — MUSLIM APOLOGETICS by JOHN GILCHRIST 2002 first print 1999 Life Challenge Africa PO Box 23273 Claremont/Cape Town 7735, Rep of South Africa Facing the Muslim Challenge Dedicated to the members of the Eastvale Baptist Church Introduction The Christian-Muslim Cutting-Edge 5 in Springs, South Africa, who have The Christian Response: Right Methods and Approaches 8 faithfully contributed to Muslim evangelism in South Africa for 1. The Integrity of the Bible the past fifteen years The Textual Authenticity of the Qur’an and the Bible 1.1 The Ancient Biblical Manuscripts 17 1.2 The Early Different Qur’an Codices 20 Publisher: 1.3 The Passages in Mark 16 and John 8 23 Life Challenge Africa 1.4 Missing Passages from the Qur’an 26 1.5 Variant Readings in the New Testament 29 1.6 Evidences of Qur’anic Variant Readings 32 LCA - East LCA - South LCA - West PO Box 50770 PO Box 23273 25 Bp 1997 Biblical Contents and Teaching Nairobi Claremont/Cape Town Abidjan 25 1.7 Apparent Errors in Biblical Numerics 35 Kenya 7735 Rep South Africa Côte d’ Ivoire 1.8 The Authorship of Matthew’s Gospel 38 1.9 The Variety of English Translations 41 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 1.10 The Genealogy of Jesus in the Gospels 43 1.11 Biblical “Pornography” and Obscenities 46 The Qur’an in Relation to the Bible 1.12 The Jewish and Christian Scriptures 49 1.13 Tahrif - The Allegations of Corruption 52 Copyright © Reserved 1.14 The Tawraat, Injil and Qur’an 55 Life Challenge Africa 1999 1.15 The Old and New Testaments in the Bible 58 ISBN 0-9583905-5-1 2. -
The Question of Supersessionism in Early Islam and the Qurʾan
Revisiting the Charge of Taḥrīf: The Question of Supersessionism in Early Islam and the Qurʾan Sandra Toenies Keating In recent times, a great deal of interest in bringing about peace and harmoni- ous relations between Muslims and Christians has been generated, both within the walls of the academy and beyond. This renewed interest has caused many aspects of the interactions between the two communities to be reassessed, resulting in an explosion of new research, editions, and translations of signifi- cant texts, and fresh insights into ancient questions. On the whole, this move- ment has been positive and productive, engaging people from around the globe in an endeavor that could have far-reaching consequences. There has also been the propensity, however, to downplay real points of dis- agreement in an effort to reach the goal of peace. Nowhere is this more appar- ent than in the tendency to discount the importance of the theological convictions of the communities being studied. In many cases, researchers with little interest in or sensitivity to theological questions discount such evidence as ‘bias’ in an effort to find ‘what really happened.’ For some, the answer to ten- sions between adherents of the two religions is simply to conclude that debates about ‘abstract and theoretical’ questions of truth are useless in the academy, since no definitive conclusions can be reached by human inquiry. Unfortunately, in many cases this has led to historical and linguistic studies that, although helpful, neglect the cultural values and overall intentions of the author(s) of the texts or of the community within which these texts were preserved and transmitted. -
In Kitab Al-Aghani
Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education Vol.12 No 13 (2021), 5053-5059 Research Article The Description of Ahl al-Bayt (PBUT) in Kitab al-Aghani Ayatollah Zarmohammadi a a Department of History of Civilization of Islamic Nations, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran. Article History: Received: 5 April 2021; Accepted: 14 May 2021; Published online: 22 June 2021 Abstract: In Islamic sources, whether interpretive, narrative or historical, the Ahl al-Bayt (PBUT) are mostly referred to with high reverence, and graceful trait are attributed thereto. yet, their commemoration in one of the most glorious works of early Arabic literature, namely Kitab al-Aghani, is of paramount significance. Attributed to the 10th-century Arabic writer Abu al- Faraj al-Isfahani (also known as al-Isbahani), it is claimed to have taken 50 years to write the work. Considering that he is a descendant of the Marwanis, mentioning the virtues of the Ahl al-Bayt (PBUT) in this book further highlights their legitimacy, making everyone awe in praise. Further, the claims cited in the work have been mostly backed by referring to other Sunni and possibly Shiite sources. With a descriptive-analytical approach, the purpose of this study was to introduce the Ahl al-Bayt (PBUT) in the Kitab al-Aghani, while pointing out issues such as the succession of Ali (PBUH), the succession of Imam Hassan (PBUH) and Messianism of Mahdi (PBUH). Keywords: Ahl al-Bayt (PBUT), Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani, Kitab al-Aghani 1. Introduction In the present age where spirituality is marginalized, the rational and spiritualistic people are on the quest for true rationality and spirituality, and seek to achieve the transcendent goal of creation, i.e., salvation, by heartfully following the prophets and their true successors to guide them with the illuminating light from darkness to light.