PAGE B6 NORTHERN PEN, MONDAY, JUNE 27, 2011 In Memoriam VTA helps out SPCA

SCANLON In loving memory of Geraldine Scanlon April 24, 1947 – June 27, 2010

We thought of you with love today But that’s nothing new We thought of you yesterday And the day before that too.

We think of you in silence We often speak your name Now all we have are memories The grade seven social studies class at Viking Trail Academy in Plum Point has studied topics on empowerment and ways of helping others. With this in mind, the And your picture in a frame. students decided to make a financial donation to the West Coast SPCA to help with its project of constructing a new animal shelter. A cheque in the amount of $200 Your memory is our keepsake will be presented to the organization. Members of the class include (front, left to right) Courtney Cull, Ryan Coombs, Ashton Tatchell, Sabrina Beaudoin, Janaya With which we’ll never part Toope, Jagger Taylor and (back) Reiley Mitchelmore, Isaac Gibbons, Dillon Gibbons, Austin Tatchell, Oriana Pittman-Caines, Breanna Tatchell and Zachary Doyle. God has you in His keeping READER SUBMITTED PHOTO GARFIELD WAY/VTA We have you in our hearts.

Forever loved and sadly missed by hus- band Patrick, children Frazer (Clarise), Morris (Dale), Harrison (Kim), Clayton ”I, old Lydia Campbell”: (Linda), Glenn (Terri), and a large circle of grandchildren and families. a Labrador Woman In Memoriam

GOULD In loving memory of our sister of National Historic Significance Elizabeth Gould This is the second season of Field Notes, the course of his 21 years in Labrador. They April 6, 1954 – June 24, 2007 written weekly while the author is conducting had six children, two of whom, Margaret and archaeological research in St. Michael’s Bay as John, continued the Campbell family line. In There is a tiny space between life and death part of the multi-disciplinary research project addition to her biological children and in the This space can be filled with just one breath “Understanding the Past to Build the Future” tradition of many Labrador families, Lydia We watched you as you lay there (www.mun.ca/labmetis/index.html) which and Daniel also raised two informally adopt- Waiting for your final breath unveiling. examines early Inuit presence in southern ed children. The first was an Inuk named Labrador. Lemuel George, who died tragically when he You asked questions that we had no Dr. Marianne Stopp is an historian at Parks was ten. The second, Hugh Palliser, was tak- Canada and holds an adjunct position with the en in when Lydia and Daniel were in their 70s. answer to Department of Archaeology at Memorial Uni- Hugh took the Campbell name and has a Holding your hand was all that we could do versity. number of descendants. Lydia Campbell’s You kept saying “talk to me, keep me She has worked as an archaeologist in many descendants live throughout Labrador awake southern Labrador for more than 20 years. In and her extensive family tree has been com- So that final breath I will not take”. 2008, she published The New Labrador Papers piled by Patty Way of Cartwright, Labrador. of Captain George Cartwright, presenting new Over the course of her long life, Campbell We watched you laying there in so much historical material that stands alongside became somewhat of a legend among the pain Cartwright’s famous journal as a source of people of Groswater Bay for her endurance Selfishly wanting you to remain information on the early colonial period. and her many skills. Along with her sister Praying for your healing, wiping your tears Hannah, she was part of a small group of first “I, old Lydia Campbell, 75 years old, I puts generation Labradorians of mixed descent Trying not to think about our own fears. on my outdoor clothes, takes my game bag who passed on their education to their chil- and axe and matches, in case it is needed, dren. This led to a phenomenon noted by vis- Listing to your breath, praying “just one and off I goes over across the bay, over ice and iting clergy and other officials in the late more” snow for about two miles and more, gets 1800s and early 1900s whereby Hamilton Fearing soon you would pass through three rabbits some days out of twenty or Inlet was one of the few places in the British death’s door more rabbit snares all my own chopping colonies where residents were not only You opened your tear-filled eyes and Lydia and Daniel Campbell at their home in Cul de Sac, near down. It looks pretty to see them hung up in versed in the Christian liturgy without ever looked at us Rigolet, ca. 1875 (Flora Baikie collection, Them Days). what we calls Hoists. And you say, well done having had a resident clergy, but were also We had to let her go, this we began to see. old woman.” remarkably literate despite the absence of Card of These words were written by Lydia Camp- teachers. bell in 1894 and they form part of her remark- In 1894, Aunt Lydia became relatively We love you very much, sisters Hepsey ELLIOTT able account of early Labrador life, “Sketches famous beyond her Groswater Bay homeland Sheppard, Mary Lidstone, brothers Grant, of Labrador Life by a Labrador Woman.” In when visiting clergyman Arthur Charles Wallace, Eli, Eric, Terry and families. We, the family of the late Jessie Elliott, would like to express our sincere thank you and appreciation to those 2009, the Historic Sites and Monuments Waghorne asked her to write an account of who helped during the passing of our mother. Everyone’s Board of Canada designated Lydia Campbell her life, which he published in 13 short visits, telephone calls, cards, flowers, food, and monies (1818-1905) as a person of national historic installments in The Evening Herald, St. In Memoriam which was donated to the Anglican Church were a great significance. As one of Labrador’s best known John’s. Campbell had previously written an comfort at such a difficult time. Special thanks to the staff and most cherished historical figures, “Aunt account of her life for a Reverend A.A. Adams, at John M. Gray Centre, Kerry M. Fillatre Funeral Home, Lydia” was honoured for her chronicles as “but he lost it.” “Sketches of Labrador Life by Rev. Ralph Moore and Jean Boyd. God bless you all. well as for her role as a cultural mediator in a Labrador Woman” reflects the distinctive The Elliott family the changing social landscape of the early style of her home-grown education and early 19th century. In the words of her biographer Labrador English. It is the first published Dr. Anne Hart in the Dictionary of Canadian writing by someone born and raised in Biography, “this ‘quaint old lady’ was held in Labrador and remains an important source high regard as a notable matriarch and trans- of historical information on family life, settle- mitter of Labrador memories.” Through her ment, culture change, with brief vignettes of writing and through the oral traditions that Inuit and Innu life. “Sketches” is also the have been passed down through hundreds of beginning of a now lengthy Labrador tradi- her descendants, Campbell has long been an tion of home-style narrative put to paper. It iconic figure and a touchstone to Labrador’s was followed by daughter Margaret Baikie’s ALL POLISHING Inuit and English-Scottish past. Labrador Memories: Reflections of Mulligan, Born Lydia Brooks on 1 November 1818 written about 1918 and covering the years as AT NO EXTRA COST along the shore of Double Mer inlet in far back as 1846. “Sketches” was published by GENGE Groswater Bay, she represents the first gener- Them Days in 1980. In loving memory of ation of Labradorians of British and Inuit Lydia Campbell is representative of other Elijah Genge parentage. Her mother was an Inuk whom we Inuit and part-Inuit women throughout who passed away July 3, 2010 know only as Susan. Her father was an Eng- Canada’s North who were the key to the suc- Age 70 years. lishman named Ambrose Brooks who came cess of colonial efforts. They gave European to Groswater Bay in 1800 to escape British newcomers a foothold in a new and relative- Lonely are the days without you Life to us is not the same press gangs. The youngest of three daughters, ly harsh country through their knowledge All the world would be like heaven Lydia grew up speaking English and Inukti- and skills. It was women such as Campbell If we could have you back again. tut. Susan passed vital Inuit skills to her who taught their European partners how to daughters that included trapping, shooting, build appropriate homes, and how to trap, Your life was full of special deeds and fishing as well as medical knowledge and fish, and travel. Daniel Campbell, for Forever thoughtful of all our needs the preparation of skin-clothing and country instance, “did not know much about trap- Today, tomorrow, our whole life foods. Ambrose Brooks, the son of a minister, ping,” wrote their daughter Margaret Baikie, through GLADYS HANCOCK taught his daughters to read English using “my mother used to go with him to set the We will always love and cherish you. the few texts in his possession, which were traps.” Forteau the Bible and the Church of England Com- Campbell was sought out by several A bouquet of beautiful memories mon Book of Prayer. Brooks was one of the church representatives at a time when the Sprayed with a million tears It is with great sadness that the family of the late Gladys earliest Europeans south of the Moravian sta- Moravian, Wesleyan Methodist, Anglican, Wishing God could have spared you Hancock announce her passing on June 21, 2011 at the If just for a few more years. tions to teach his children to read. He also and Roman Catholic churches all considered Palliative Care Unit in Forteau at the age of 71 years. instilled a Christian faith that remained a setting up ministries in Groswater Bay. Mis- Leaving to mourn with loving memories husband James May the winds of love blow softly Hancock; children Sharon Keough (Roger), John source of strength for Lydia throughout her sionaries were sent to her because of her And whisper for you to hear (Paula), Wanda Russell (Charlie), James Jr. (Lillian), long life. well-known piety but especially because she That we’ll always love and miss you Doreen (Tony Flynn), and Myles (Gail); 15 Campbell married twice. At the age of 16 was considered an Elder and a representative And wish that you were here. grandchildren Sheldon, Ian, Lance, Loucas, Michael, she was married against her wishes to anoth- voice. At his first Sabbath service in Groswa- Michelle, Zackery, Shanda, Cortez, Melissa, Scott, er mixed-blood Labradorian named William ter Bay in 1902, Methodist Reverend Forever loved and missed by Beulah, Johnathon, Natasha, and Trevor; two great-grandchildren Blake, Jr. whose father had come to Labrador Arminius Young wisely followed Campbell’s Bill, Deloris, Caroline, Kevin, Jonathan, Sophie and Kendrick, as well as a large circle of other in the 1780s. With Blake she had five children, advice. “Now, my son,” she had cautioned and Charli. family and friends. She was predeceased by her grandson one of whom, Thomas, continued the family him, “you must go out into the kitchen and Stephan, parents Stanley and Minnie Ryland, brother line. After Blake’s death in 1845, she lived talk to the people as the other ministers used Fred and sister Meta. Visitors were received at the alone with her children for three years. In to do .... If you don’t the people won’t like you.” English Point Gospel Hall on Wednesday and Thursday from where the funeral service took place on Friday, 1848, she married Daniel Campbell who had One of Labrador’s best known historical June 24, at 2 p.m. with Mr. Edward Barney officiating. come to Labrador in 1844 from South figures, Lydia Campbell’s writing and the sto- Interment followed at the church cemetery in Forteau. Ronaldsey, Orkney, to work a five-year con- ries that are still told about her have given the As expressions of sympathy no flowers at request. tract as cooper for the Hudson’s Bay Compa- people of Labrador, with their multi-cultural Donations can be made to the Janeway Hospital. Funeral ny at Rigolet. The two were married by the Inuit, Innu, and European roots some of their arrangements were entrusted to Fillatre’s Funeral Home, newly arrived factor, Donald A. Smith (later history, in turn affirming self-identification to L’Anse au Loup. Lord Strathcona) whom they befriended over place through knowledge about the past. NORTHERN PEN, MONDAY, JULY 25, 2011, PAGE B5

In Memoriam COATES In loving memory of Melvin Coates who passed away July 23, 2000 The lost portrait (left to right) Our hearts still ache in sadness Tooklavinia, Caub- Our silent tears still flow vick, Attuiock, Ick- For what it meant to lose you ongoque, and lit- No one will ever know. tle Ickeuna (Royal It broke our hearts to lose you College of Sur- You did not go alone geons of England For part of us went with you collection). The night God called you home.

In life we loved you dearly In death we love you still In our hearts you hold a place No one can ever fill.

POPPY: If roses grow in heaven In Memoriam Lord pick a bunch for me ACREMAN Place them in poppy’s arms The lost portrait In loving memory of a beloved And tell him they are from me. mother, mother-in-law, grand- mother Forever loved and sadly missed by wife and great-grandmother Ivy, daughters Jennifer and Carly Ann, Madeline Acreman and granddaughter Carly Laura. The second in a series of columns Nathanial Dance that have ten by George Cartwright’s sister at Dec. 29, 1930 – July 29, 2010 5130577 by Dr. Marianne Stopp, an historian appeared in many publications on the time of the Inuit visit to Marn- Age 79 years. at the Historical Research Branch, Labrador’s history. These were ham. With the help of Greg Parks Canada. She has worked as commissioned by the famous zool- Mitchell at the Labrador Metis Memories in the heart In Memoriam an archaeologist in southern ogist Sir Joseph Banks who Nation, copies were obtained. Feel no guilt in laughter, she knows COATES Labrador for over twenty years and enjoyed the Inuits’ company on Catherine Cartwright’s letters con- how much you care In loving memory of is the author of The New Labrador several occasions. They remain in tain detailed descriptions of the Feel no sorrow in a smile that she’s not Melvin Coates Papers of Captain George the possession of one of Banks’s appearances, personalities, and here to share You cannot grieve forever, she would who passed away July 23, 2000 Cartwright. descendants in England. Smaller experiences of the five Inuit while and not want you to Harrison Coates Many years ago I began my portraits of the heads of Caubvick they were in England. This infor- She’d hope that you can carry on, the study of Captain George and Attuiock were copied from mation has allowed us to identify way you always do. who passed away July 14, 2008 Cartwright and his eventful years Dance’s work in 1792 and given as the figures in the group portrait on the coast of Labrador between gifts by Banks to his good friend and has added significant new So talk about the good times Loving you both was easy We did it everyday 1770 and 1786. In the course of and colleague J.F. Blumenbach at information to George And the ways you showed you cared The days you spent together Missing you is a heartache that work I became familiar with the University of Goettingen in Cartwright’s journal about All the happiness you shared. That never goes away. the well-known story of the five Germany along with the famous Labrador’s rich history. Inuit who voyaged with Cartwright oil painting of Mikak. Another Let memories surround you, a word Lonely is our home without you from Cape Charles, Labrador, to small drawing of an Inuit woman [email protected] someone may say Life is not the same London, England, in 1772. Their was found among the new Will suddenly recapture a time, an hour, Our world would be heaven If we could have you both come home names were Attuiock, his youngest Cartwright papers and can be seen In Memoriam a day That brings her back as clearly as again. wife Ickongoque, their infant in my book The New Labrador though she were still here daughter Ickeuna, as well as Papers of Captain George And fill you with the feelings that she We do not need a special day Attuoick’s younger brother Cartwright. The existence of a is always near. To bring you to our minds Tooklavinia and his wife Caubvick. sixth portrait of the entire group of The days we do not think of you During their eight months in Eng- Inuit was long known but never For if you keep these moments Are very hard to find. You will never be apart land, these Inuit became some- found. In a 1790 letter to Joseph And she will live forever The midnight stars are shinning what famous. Under Cartwright’s Banks, George Cartwright asked Locked safe within your heart. Up on your silent graves care they experienced an entirely him for a copy of “the picture, Beneath it sleeps the ones we love different way of life that included which you had taken of the Indi- God made a mother, so loving and kind The ones we could not save. seeing the sights of London, riding ans.” Cartwright hoped to publish And I had the honour, of calling her horses, dining in English homes, this image in his journal but was mine Forever loved and sadly missed by Whoever said that sorrow, would heal but also being gaped at by crowds later deterred by the cost. Mom and Dad, brother Gerald (Ruby), with time sisters Betty (Bob) and Marilyn (Why- of curious onlookers. London soon The group portrait has been Could never have had, a mother like man) and families. became so overwhelming that missing for at least a century, per- mine. 5130573 Cartwright eventually took the haps longer. The historian A. group to his family’s home at Lysaght, author of Joseph Banks in Love is a smile, a tear and a touch JENKINS Love says so little but means so much Marnham in the countryside near Newfoundland and Labrador, Love is forever and we give it to you In Memoriam Nottingham. Their visit ended 1766, searched for it in the 1960s. I, In loving memory of a mother, mother-in-law and grandmother From the family who thought the world tragically, however. Just as the too, tried to track it down over the Mary Jane Jenkins of you. group was to leave Plymouth for years. Various clues suggested that June 1925 - Aug 2010 Labrador in May 1773, one by one it could be at the Royal College of There is music in a well lived life the Inuit began to fall ill with Surgeons in London, but letters We knew little that morning And melodies remain Each time a loving memory smallpox. Except for Caubvick and e-mails came to nothing. It God was going to call your name In life we loved you dearly Repeats the sweet refrain. who recovered from the virus, all speaks to the benefits of digitally In death we do the same. were dead by July and were buried cataloguing museum collections The song that lingers in our hearts at Plymouth. One of the saddest when in early 2008 I “discovered” It broke our hearts to lose you becomes our legacy and most expressive entries in the lost portrait on the new on-line But you did not go alone Its beauty gently echoing through all Cartwright’s three-volume A Jour- database of the RCS. I shall never For part of us went with you eternity The day God called you home. The endless love she bestowed nal of Transactions and Events forget the seismic moment when Will be forever cherished and remem- During a Residence of Nearly Six- all five Inuit appeared on my You left us beautiful memories bered. teen Years on the Coast of screen. There they were, like spirits Your love is still our guide Labrador describes the moment come to finally greet me after so And though we cannot see you Forever loved and remembered by when he arrived at Cape Charles many years of researching their You are always at our side. daughter Marion, son-in-law Freeman, grandchildren Trevor (Nicole), SHEPPARD and had to convey his terrible lives, and after so many years of Our family chain is broken Amanda, Christopher (Krista) and news to the many Inuit gathered being lost. And nothing seems the same great-granddaughter Isobella. In Loving Memory of Minnie Sheppard there awaiting the return of their The old adage “one thing leads But as God calls us one by one 5130631 companions. to another” was proven true not The chain will link again. July 12, 1937 - July 27, 2001 Six images of these Inuit are long after completing my study of In Memoriam Forever loved and missed by daughter A wife, a mother, a grandma too known to exist. The best known is the Inuit. In another search of the Melissa, son-in-law Dale, grandchildren ACREMAN This is the legacy we have from you. the pair of full-figure pastel draw- digital universe I learned of the Nadine (Kenneth and Lucas), Tammy In loving memory of ings of Attuiock and Caubvick by existence of a series of letters writ- (Nolan, Hannah and Joshua) and Madaline Mae Acreman You taught us love and how to fight Damien. 5126946 Dec 29 1931 - July 29, 2010 You gave us strength, you gave us might A stronger person would be heard to find In Memoriam We thought of you with love today And in your heart, you were always kind. But that is nothing new We thought about you yesterday You fought for us all in one way or another New law could return And the days before that too. Not just as a wife, not just as a mother For all of us you gave your best We think of you in silence Now it is your time to rest. We often speak your name Now all we have are memories Some may think you are forgotten aboriginal status And your picture in a frame. Cause on earth you are no more Some may think you are forgotten But in our memory you are with us Though on earth you are no more As you always were before. But in our memory you are with us to some Labradorians As you always were before. Forever in our hearts and sadly missed by husband Cyril, Colin and family, Olga and We will always love you family, and Edna and family. TOM NILES Ont., was evicted from her home on 5126945 And will never forget the TRANSCONTINENTAL MEDIA the reserve as she had married a Things you done for us. non-aboriginal man, from whom Some Labradorians may get she was separated. These rights Forever loved and sadly missed and re- In Memoriam back their aboriginal status. were restored in 1985, however, the TATCHELL membered by Donald, Vina and family, In loving memory of our and Brenda, Levi and families. SHEPPARD According to Aboriginal Affairs and grandchildren of such women did 5126947 Northern Development Canada, not receive status, unlike the chil- dear mother and wife In loving memory of Dulcie Tatchell husband, dad and pop there are Labradorians using new dren and grandchildren of native Feb 8, 1952 - July 26, 2009 In Memoriam K. Herber Sheppard legislation to get back a status that men who married non-native ACREMAN Aug 3, 1919 - July 19, 1996 according to law is rightfully theirs. women. It was not until April of Every day in some small way In loving memory of our There may be others that qualify, 2009 that a court case known as Memories of you come our way mother and grandmother You left us so many memories but so far the department only has McIvor vs. Canada resulted in this Though absent, you are always near Madeline Acreman With which we’ll never part Still missed, loved, always dear. the sole application. being acknowledged, and not until who passed away July 29, 2010. You will always live forever Earlier this year, the department January of 2011 did the amend- Deep inside our hearts. It’s lonely here without you announced, following a Supreme ments come into effect. The strong mother with a heart of gold We miss you more each day We know that you are in heaven Court Ruling, more than 45,000 Those who may be affected can Was taken from us just a year ago For life is not the same to us As we search the sky above Canadians could receive aboriginal apply through Aboriginal Affairs Since you were called away. Although we are now very far apart Sending you a silent message status and register as status Indians. and Northern Development Cana- Your loving memory lies strong in our From our hearts that’s full of love. In 1951, aboriginal women who da. According to the department, We who love you, sadly miss you hearts. married non-native men lost their several residents of Labrador have As it dawns another year Sadly missed along life’s way rights to status as did the children applied already. In our lonely hours of thinking A special smile, a special face Quietly remembered every day Thoughts of you are ever near. born of such marriages. Aboriginal To apply, people must submit And in our hearts a special place No longer in our lives to share men who married non-aboriginal birth documents and list any infor- No words we speak can ever say But in our hearts he’s always there. Loving you is easy How much we miss you every day. women, however, did not lose sta- mation relating to their claim, such We do it every day We miss you because we love you Missing you is a heartache tus. as maiden names and band infor- You were dearer to us than gold That never goes away. Remembering you is easy In the 1950s a notable case was mation. Once the application has We do it every day For no treasure on earth can replace you brought to the courts when two been submitted, it can take several But missing you is a longing Your memory will never grow old. aboriginal women’s case to have months to be processed. More Forever loved and sadly missed by hus- band William Sr., sons: William Jr. That never goes away. their native rights restored was lost information can be found online (Catherine and Erica), Ronald, and Always loved by your wife Hepsey, in the Supreme Court of Canada. at www.ainc-inac.ca. Kenneth (Tisa), daughters Sadie Remembered and forever loved by son daughter Paula (Wade), son Myles This case was notable as one plain- (Alvin), and Valerie, as well a large cir- David, Lydia, grandchildren Karen, (Cindy), and grandchildren. We love The Labradorian cle of family and friends. you. tiff, Yvonne Bedard from Brantford, 5126948 Darrell and families. 5130633 5130583 PAGE B4 NORTHERN PEN, MONDAY, AUGUST 1, 2011 How the Inuit came to Northeastern Canada

This is the third in a series of sum- migration from Alaska and across keeping body moisture from forming Norse iron and other Norse goods as mer columns by Dr. Marianne Stopp, the Canadian Arctic is one of human on the skin. Their harpoons and the well as meteoritic iron were being an historian at the Historical Research history’s most remarkable popula- bow and arrow gave them the ability used by Inuit in Buchanan Bay at this Branch, Parks Canada. She has tion expansions, which is why in to hunt bowhead whales, walrus, early date - whether through direct worked as an archaeologist in south- 1978 the Historic Sites and Monu- muskox, and smaller species. They contact with Norse or indirect con- ern Labrador for over 20 years and is ments Board of Canada designated were able to travel swiftly and across tact through shipwrecks or aban- the author of The New Labrador The Thule Migration as an event of great distances because they pos- doned Norse camps is unknown. Papers of Captain George Cartwright. national historic significance. Thule sessed sled dogs, kayaks, and umi- Iron passed through Inuit hands The Norse established their first settlement of the Arctic was not only aks. from that time forward following settlements in West Greenland just rapid, occurring in about a century, Canadian archaeologists believe long-distance trade networks. For before the year AD 1000. This took but it took place in of the world’s that the Thule Inuit were migrating instance, fragments of meteoritic place over two hundred years before most forbidding environments. eastward with a purpose. Along with iron from the Cape York meteor the arrival of the Thule Inuit in the The success of the Thule migra- wood, iron was highly valued in the deposit have been found at Thule eastern Arctic and over 400 years tion is tied to having the right tech- western Arctic. Early Alaskan Inuit sites dated between AD 1350 and AD before the Inuit began to settle nology and to broad knowledge of were familiar with iron that was 1700 throughout Arctic Canada. Labrador. Thule (pronounced ‘TOO- the environment. Thule knew how to traded in from Siberia. Thule Inuit After the end of the Norse settle- lee’) Inuit began to settle the eastern make clothing that was perfectly migration parties may have been ments in the late 1400s, Inuit scav- Arctic around AD 1250, arriving in suited for Arctic living, with water- searching for iron, or may have enged these places for European what were probably several migra- proof seams and an inner layer of already known of two key sources of goods that continue to appear at tion waves out of Alaska. Their hide that ensured warmth while also iron to be found in the eastern Arc- Inuit sites until the 1700s. Face-to- tic. These were the smelted iron pos- face contact between Inuit and Euro- sessed by the Norse in Greenland, peans in northeastern Canada may and a meteoritic iron deposit at have happened a number of times Cape York in northwestern Green- and in several ways. It is certain that land. It is quite possible that they the Norse voyaged widely, sailing learned of these iron sources from along Greenland’s west coast to the Dorset Palaeoeskimo, an arctic- hunt, and eastward towards Davis adapted people who lived in the Arc- Strait and the coast of Labrador in tic for over two thousand years regular search of precious wood and ALL POLISHING before the Thule but had largely dis- bog iron deposits. Their voyages appeared at the time of the Thule probably brought them into contact AT NO EXTRA COST migration. The Dorset had quarried with Inuit peoples. Ongoing archival Eva Luther with a whalebone sled runner the Cape York meteor deposit and research into the history of the North at the Inuit site of North Island in St. may have somehow passed this Atlantic fishery also offers the Michael’s Bay. MARIANNE STOPP PHOTO knowledge on to Inuit newcomers. intriguing possibility that very early Although very little iron has been English were sailing northern waters to acquire iron and ceramics from found on archaeological sites across in the 15th century in search of cod the different Europeans who fished the Arctic because it rusts and stocks, and could have come in con- these waters and used European decomposes, tell-tale evidence of its tact with Inuit. By the late 1500s, Inu- iron, ceramics, glass, and other 5134304 use is the narrow blade slot of some it in Labrador were in regular con- objects alongside their traditional harpoon heads. tact with Basque and Dutch whalers tools of bone and wood until the Of all the indigenous people in as well as with successive early Euro- English colonial period. After 1763, North America, the Inuit of the east- pean explorers seeking a northwest with the growing presence of English ern Arctic and Labrador have had passage. By the late 17th century, merchant crews along the Labrador the longest contact with European Inuit were meeting French fisher- coast, as well as Moravian mission objects. The earliest Thule Inuit sites men in southern Labrador and on stations in northern Labrador, there in the eastern Arctic are in Buchanan Newfoundland’s Great Northern is a marked increase in the use of Bay on Ellesemere Island, only 45 km Peninsula followed by the English European materials at Inuit sites and away from Greenland. These sites from 1763. by the early 1800s Inuit and mixed ALICE CAINES date to ca. AD 1250. In the 1980s, This is not to say that all Inuit pos- Inuit-European families were using Archaeologists Karen McCullough sessed European goods or had met all of the same items as European Bird Cove and Peter Schledermann uncovered Europeans. Successive waves of settlers. Influences flowed both ways Passed away peacefully at the Health Sciences Complex in St. plenty of evidence to show that migrating Inuit settled in different in Labrador, however, with European John’s on the July 17, 2011, Mrs. Alice Caines in her 65th year. parts of the Arctic and Labrador and settlers adopting the komatiks, seal- She leaves to mourn her husband Austin; sons Austin Jr. (Jackie) and Kirby; daughter Nadine (Dean); grandchildren Card of some did not meet Europeans until skin boots, sod insulation, parkas, Kyle, Kayla, and Matt; brothers Simon (Ethel), John the nineteenth century. There are sled dogs, food preparation tech- (Georgina) and Joseph; sister Melina (Pat), as well as a large GREEN Inuit sites in northern Labrador niques, and settlement patterns of circle of wonderful friends. She was predeceased by her father where no European goods have been the Inuit. Simon and mother Catherine. Visitation was held at Our Lady We, the family of the late Shane Green of Gunner’s Cove who of Grace Parish in Bird Cove, from where the funeral service was residing in Brampton, Ontario, would like to express our found. As early as the 1500s, howev- was held on Thursday, July 21 at 2 p.m. with Fr. Biju Antony sincere appreciation and heartfelt thanks to all our family and er, Inuit in southern Labrador began [email protected] officiating, followed by the burial at the Roman Catholic friends who helped in any way to alleviate our sorrow after Cemetery. Funeral arrangements were entrusted to Kerry M. his sudden passing. Special thanks to family and friends who Fillatre Funeral Homes, St. Anthony and Roddickton, Lee Nip- travelled from Alberta, Ontario, Manitoba and other areas of pard, funeral director. CANADA DAY CONTEST 5142448 Newfoundland and Labrador to be with us at this very diffi- cult time. Thank you to Major Baggs for conducting the Me- morial Service. Thanks also to all who visited, gave monetary WINNER gifts, brought food, sent messages, cards, and phone calls. The overwhelming support of our community and surround- ing area is unbelievable. We appreciate every act of kindness. It is impossible to thank everyone individually because there are far too many to name but please be assured your support and generosity will never be forgotten. Thanks from the bot- tom of our hearts to all of you. The Green and Pilgrim families. 5143469 GORDAN BARRETT Foresters Point Weekly Passed away peacefully at the Western Memorial Regional Congratulations Hospital in Corner Brook on July 19, 2011, Mr. Gordan to Barrett in his 66th year. He leaves to mourn with a lifetime Church of fond and loving memories wife Gloria; brother Ray; sisters-in-law Marilyn, Rachel, Pricilla, Vivian, and Jessie; Charlotte Bartlett brothers-in-law Colin, Howard and Garland; nieces, Services nephews, great nieces and nephews, extended family and a of L’Anse aux Meadows large circle of friends, especially one close friend Don. He was predeceased by his father Herbert, mother Gladys, AUGUST 1 - 7 mother-in-law Caroline Williams, father-in-law Joseph Winner of $100 Gift Certificate Williams and brother-in-law Edgar Taylor. Visitation was Anglican Parish Port Saunders held at the Anglican Church in Black Duck Cove from where Sunday: 2 p.m., Holy Eucharist, Holy Innocents, the funeral service was held at 2 p.m. on July 23, followed by burial in the church cemetery. Funeral arrangements were Hawkes Bay; 4 p.m., Flower Service, Sandy Cove entrusted to Kerry M. Fillatre Funeral Homes Ltd. St. Interfaith Cemetery. If weather is unsuitable it will be Anthony and Roddickton, Lee Nippard, funeral director. held Aug. 8, at 7 p.m.; 11 p.m., Holy Eucharist, St. Serving Northern Newfoundland and Southern Labrador 5143619 Peter’s, River of Ponds. P.O. Box 520, St. Anthony, NL A0K 4S0, Ph. 454-2191 5143479 Apostolic Faith Church, Roddickton Wednesday: 8 p.m., Prayer Meeting. Thursday: 7:00 p.m., Children/Youth Meeting. Sunday: 11 a.m., Worship Service; 3 p.m., Sunday School for all ages; FLORA MAY EARLE 7 p.m., Evangelistic Service. Corner Brook Bethel Pentecostal Church, St. Anthony TO THE It is with great sadness that the family of the late Flora Monday: 7:30 p.m., (bi-weekly), Women’s Ministries. Earle, announce her peaceful passing at the Palliative Wednesday: 7:30 p.m., Bible Study and Prayer. Care Unit of Western Memorial Regional Hospital on Thursday: 6:30 p.m., Kids Stuff Program; 8 p.am., Youth Saturday, July 23, 2011 at the age of 80 years. Flora was Night. Sunday: 11 a.m., Family Worship Service; 7 born in Forteau, Labrador and lived most of her life in p.m., Evening Worship. Corner Brook. She was a long time parishioner with St. Michaelʼs Anglican Church and a volunteer for the Calvary Pentecostal Church, St. Lunaire-Griquet PAPER CARRIER Anglican Church of Canada, Diocese of Western Newfoundland and the Long Term Care Unit of Western Monday: (bi-weekly) 8 p.m., Women’s Ministries. Health. She leaves to mourn with fond and loving Tuesday: 8 p.m., Prayer Service. Wednesday: (bi- memories, her husband Clifford; daughter Michelle weekly) 6:30 p.m., Kid’s Church. Thursday: 7:30 p.m., (husband Keith Beaubien), Corner Brook; beloved Youth. Sunday: 9:45 a.m., Sunday School; 11 a.m., granddaughters Allison Earle-Beaubien, St. Anthony and Morning Worship Service; 7 p.m., Evening Service. Alexa-Rae Beaubien, Corner Brook; sister Shirley Ladd (Bruce), Florida; brothers Edward Hancock (Mary), Forteau, Wallace Hancock (Dorothy), Forteau, Douglas Salvation Army, St. Anthony Hancock (Jeanette), Garson, Ontario, and Russell Tuesday: 7:30 p.m., Home League. Wednesday: 8 p.m., Hancock (Cynthia), Forteau. She is survived by 21 nieces Adult Bible Study/Prayer Meeting. Thursday: 8 p.m., KENDRAKENDRA and nephews, and a large circle of great-nieces and Men’s Fellowship. (every second Thursday), Friday: nephews, other relatives and friends. She is predeceased 6:30 - 7:30 p.m. Kids Night Out, Sunday: 11 a.m., by her parents, Artemas and Blanche Hancock, Forteau, Holiness Meeting; 6:30 p.m., Prayer Meeting; 7 p.m., sister Gertrude Gallichon of La Tabatiere, Quebec and Salvation Meeting. GIBBONSGIBBONS brother Clyde Hancock, Forteau. Friends and family visited Fillatreʼs Funeral Home, 4 St. Marks Avenue on Monday from 2-4 and 7-9 p.m. The funeral service was St. Francis Xavier Roman Catholic Parish held on Tuesday, July 26 at 2 p.m. from St. Michael and Monday: 1 p.m., Shirleys Haven. Saturday: 7 p.m., All Angels Anglican Church, Park Drive. Rev. Nellie Goose Cove. Sunday: 11 a.m., St. Anthony; The first Thomas officiated. Interment followed at Mt. Patricia Sunday of every month, Griquet 2 p.m. Cemetery. As expressions of sympathy, flowers were graciously accepted or donations may be made to the

Parishes who wish to post weekly services in this 5143160 Palliative Care Unit, Corner Brook Long Term Care Home or to the charity of oneʼs choice. The family guest book section must have information to the Northern Pen may be signed or a memorial donation may be made by 5 p.m. on Wednesday to appear in the next through our website www.fillatre.ca. edition. 5140069 5143148 PAGE B12 NORTHERN PEN, MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 26, 2011 The end of the field season

Dr. Marianne Stopp is an historian single sod house design. Some early probably of oak. at the Historical Research Branch, sod houses have a gabled roof line, Although the artifacts were fewer, Parks Canada. She has worked as an while others are hipped or rounded. what we found was quite unique. For archaeologist in Southern Labrador All seem to have wooden beams cov- instance, we now have two European for over 20 years and is the author of ered by substantial peat sods. In spoon bowls from the house. These The New Labrador Papers of Captain some parts of the Arctic, Inuit used weren’t just ordinary spoons, which George Cartwright. Since 2009, she has whale ribs and other parts of the the Inuit probably had no use for, but been researching early Inuit presence whale skeleton to support and shape were used as decoration. The spoon in southern Labrador as part of a mul- the house roof. In St. Michael’s Bay, handle was removed from the bowl ti-disciplinary research team. our sod house gives no clues on how and a small hole pierced through the The 2011 archaeological field sea- the roof was built. The thin layer of edge of the bowl so that it could be son in St. Michael’s Bay was a success soil over the entire house suggests sewn onto a women’s amauti as dec- but it differed from previous years in that roofing sods were not very thick. oration. Such artifacts illustrate the two ways in that the weather was far There are no wooden struts or changing symbolic meaning of worse and the artifacts were fewer. beams lying about and I suspect that material objects as they move from The 2011 archaeology crew in Triangle, Labrador were (left to right) Dylan Morris, Art By these accounts, it shouldn’t have these were salvaged and used else- one culture to another. Like the Luther, Eva Luther, Kara Wolfe, Marianne Stopp, Laura-June Zinck, Thomas McKenna. been a good season but this year my where at some point in the past. The French ceramics and beads recov- Inset: Will McGrath. READER SUBMITTED PHOTOS: MARIANNE STOPP focus was on different aspects of this wood we’ve uncovered so far is short ered from this site, the spoons also Inuit sod house, which was lived in and appears to have collapsed represent trade encounters with the was made by winding a strand of dating to around AD 1740 and possi- sometime from the mid-1600s to the inwards from the walls. One very French fishermen at this time. molten glass around a heated wire bly as early as AD 1670. In closing, I mid-1700s. In other years I looked for unusual piece in the southwest cor- Another artefact of great interest, until the desired shape was reached. look forward to next year, when artifacts that would help to show ner of the house is a nearly complete despite its tiny size, is a translucent, It was then left to cool before it was work in St. Michael’s Bay will contin- that Inuit lived here and the date the wooden plank resting atop the slop- oval bead with a pale opalescent or slipped off the wire. Probably made ue. site, as well as for bone remains that ing bedrock that forms the wall in lavender colour tone. It is a type by Venetian bead-makers, it fits the would help to understand diet and that area. It is of European origin and known as a wound bead because it time period of the house perfectly, [email protected] which season(s) of the year the house was lived in. In 2011, I was interested in learning more about the architec- ture and design of the house. Although only its lowermost lev- els remain we were able to discover some key information. A distinct entrance passage was uncovered made of stones laid on top of 2011 MODEL YEAR bedrock and a thin earth layer. The entrance passage runs downslope, towards the east, creating a cold-trap ** effect that prevented cold air from reaching the main living area. There also appears to be a small activity area or alcove that extends off the side of the entrance passage. From WRAP UP the amount of charcoal found in one 2011 Fuel Consumption Resources Canada’s Based on Natural corner of this alcove, this may be where cooking took place. We exca- vated into the walls of the house to $ try to learn more about construction % and in one area of the interior we removed all the floor rocks to find out what was underneath. Results of + this year’s findings are still being 10 ,000 PURCHASE mulled over, but what can be said is that a great deal of planning went FINANCING IN CASH ON SELECT† into the building of this house. For MODELS 0 UP TO 48 MONTHS ON instance, the paving stones that form SELECT MODELS* the house floor were carefully CREDITS aligned and laid atop the bedrock. This in turn also shows that a fair dels available. * 0% purchase financing offered on approved credit by Ally Credit for 48 months on new or demonstrator 48 months on new Ally Credit for credit by on approved * 0% purchase financing offered dels available.

amount of soil was first removed or demonstrator new ‡ Based on a 24 month lease for on most models. Other cash credits available retail customers only. for from the house area to expose the bedrock before the interior floor was laid. A course of stones can be seen within the mounded soil that forms the house wall at the entrance. Here the wall was given extra support to prevent collapse, because this is also the side of the house that slopes downward. One aspect of the house’s con- struction that will probably always remain a puzzle is the shape of the roofline and how the roof was con- structed. Early descriptions and pho- tos of 19th century sod houses in in whole or terminate this offer, extend modify, may TD Bank/Ally Credit, where applicable) GMCL (or Limited quantities of 2011 models available. be required. may Dealer trade

Labrador confirm that there is no II

HWY: 11.4L/100KM • 25MPGM CITY: 15.9L/100KM • 18MPG

EXTENDED CAB 4WD 2011 SIERRA NEVADA EDITION % $ LEASE RATE + 0.8FOR MONTHS‡ 10 ,000 thout notice. Dealers are free to set individual prices. ** * † ‡ Dealers are free to set individual prices. thout notice. 24 IN CASH CREDITS ** Offer available to retail customers in Canada between September 1, 2011 and October 31, 2011. Limited quantities of 2011 mo September 1, 2011 and October 31, 2011. to retail customers in Canada between available ** Offer ASK YOUR DEALER ABOUT GREAT LEASE OFFERS!

2011 TERRAIN SLE-1 Eligible students or recent graduates receive a Student Bonus credit of $500 or $750 (tax inclusive) (credit amount depends on vehicle purchased) to use towards the purchase or lease of one eligible new 2010/2011/2012 Chevrolet, Buick, GMC or Cadillac vehicle delivered between delivered GMC or Cadillac vehicle Buick, 2010/2011/2012 Chevrolet, new the purchase or lease of one eligible purchased) to use towards (credit amount depends on vehicle credit of $500 or $750 (tax inclusive) a Student Bonus receive students or recent graduates Eligible II % PURCHASE FINANCING 0FOR MONTHS* 48

HWY: 6.1L/100KM • 46MPG M CITY: 9.2L/100KM • 31MPG

VISIT YOUR LOCAL ATLANTIC GMC DEALER OR SEE THE FULL LINE-UP AT ATLANTICGMC.CA

Save up to $750 on an eligible new GM Vehicle! II For the latest information, visit us at gmc.gm.ca, drop by your local GMC dealer or call us at 1-800-GM-DRIVE. your by drop visit us at gmc.gm.ca, For the latest information, 2011 GMC Terrain, Acadia. Rates from other lenders will vary. Down payment, trade and/or security deposit may be required. Monthly payment and cost of borrowing will vary depending on amount borrowed and down payment/trade. Example: $10,000 at 0% APR, the monthly payment is $208.33 for 48 months. Cost of borrowing is $0, total obligation is $10,000. Offer is $10,000. is $0, total obligation Cost of borrowing 48 months. is $208.33 for monthly payment $10,000 at 0% APR, the Example: payment/trade. and down will vary depending on amount borrowed and cost of borrowing payment Monthly be required. and/or security trade deposit may payment, Down Rates from other lenders will vary. Acadia. Terrain, 2011 GMC Light Duty Extended Cabs Only (tax exclusive) on 2011 MY GMC Sierra delivery credit available † $10,000 manufacturer-to-dealer not included. and fees taxes applicable registration, insurance, ($1,450), license, Freight is unconditionally interest-free. M Applies only to qualified retail customers in Canada. Other lease options available. payment/trade. vary depending on down may Monthly payments FinanciaLinx Corporation. by OAC kilometre. kilometre limit of 20,000km, $0.20 per excess Annual Extended, and Crew. Light Duty Regular, 2011 GMC Sierra Excludes other GM models. vary. actual fuel consumption may Your Guide Ratings. change wi and may not be combined with other offers that may ** * † ‡ Limited time offers January 4, 2011 and January 3, 2012. details. GM dealer for See your Conditions and limitations apply. or in part, time without notice. at any In HawkesWOODWARD Bay phone Floyd Biggin at 248-5330 • In St. Anthony phone Darrell Elliott, Floyd MOTORS Pilgrim or Gene Penney at 454-4000 • In L’Anse au Clair LTD. phone Wade Chubbs at 931-2277

West Street, St. Anthony, Phone 454-4000 5237790