Kulturelle Differenz Und Sprachliche Hybridität Am Beispiel Des Chicano Hip-Hop

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Kulturelle Differenz Und Sprachliche Hybridität Am Beispiel Des Chicano Hip-Hop Abschlussarbeit zur Erlangung des Magistra Artium im Fachbereich Neuere Philologien der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Institut für Romanische Sprachen und Literaturen Thema: Kulturelle Differenz und sprachliche Hybridität am Beispiel des Chicano Hip-Hop 1. Gutachterin: PD Dr. Eva Gugenberger 2. Gutachterin: PD Dr. Sabine Hofmann vorgelegt von: Julia Zinn aus: Frankfurt am Main Einreichdatum: 12.02.2009 Inhaltsverzeichnis II Inhaltsverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis................................................................................................4 Einleitung.....................................................................................................................5 I Theorie 1 Kulturelle Differenz ........................................................................................12 1.1 Die kulturtheoretische Wende ...............................................................12 1.2 Der postcolonial turn .............................................................................16 1.3 Kulturelle Differenz...............................................................................19 2 Hybridität.........................................................................................................22 2.1 Hybridität Allgemein.............................................................................22 2.2 Hybridität in den Kulturwissenschaften ................................................28 2.3 Hybridität in den Sprachwissenschaften................................................32 3 Identität und Sprache .....................................................................................36 3.1 Identität und Sprache.............................................................................36 3.2 Sprechen und Identität...........................................................................39 3.3 Formulierung der These.........................................................................43 II Gegenstand 4 Chicano Kultur................................................................................................45 4.1 Der historische Hintergrund ..................................................................45 4.2 Die Sprache............................................................................................52 5 Hip-Hop als hybride Gegenwartskultur........................................................57 5.1 Was ist Hip-Hop? ..................................................................................57 5.2 Hybridität im Rap..................................................................................62 5.3 Die Chicano Rapszene...........................................................................63 6 Methode............................................................................................................65 6.1 Die linguistische Analyse......................................................................65 6.2 Transkription .........................................................................................66 6.2.1 Gesamtanlage.............................................................................66 6.2.2 Verbaler, paraverbaler, nonverbaler Bereich.............................66 6.2.3 Gesprächskorpus vs. Ereigniskorpus .........................................67 6.3 Kritische Anmerkungen.........................................................................67 III Analyse 7 Sprachanalyse ..................................................................................................69 7.1 Sprachphänomene..................................................................................69 7.1.1 Code-Switching .........................................................................69 7.1.2 Code-Shifting.............................................................................73 7.1.3 Code-Mixing..............................................................................76 7.1.4 Intertwining................................................................................84 Inhaltsverzeichnis III 7.2 Sprachliche Markierungen.....................................................................89 7.2.1 Lexikon......................................................................................89 7.2.2 Phonetik .....................................................................................98 7.3 Hybrid! ................................................................................................100 Schlussbetrachtung.................................................................................................104 Bibliographie ...........................................................................................................110 Anhang.....................................................................................................................119 I Transkriptionskonventionen................................................................119 II Biographie Chicano Rapper ................................................................120 III Verzeichnis CD-Tracks .......................................................................125 IV CD-Material.........................................................................................126 V Verzeichnis Transkriptionen................................................................127 VI Transkriptionen....................................................................................128 VII Verzeichnis Chicano Rapper ...............................................................171 Eidesstattliche Erklärung.......................................................................................174 Curriculum Vitae....................................................................................................175 Abbildungsverzeichnis 4 Abbildungsverzeichnis Abb. 1: Hybridantrieb in der Formel 1 ...................................................................... 25 Abb. 2: Konstruktionen von Teilidentitäten .............................................................. 37 Abb. 3: Bevölkerungszahl der Hispanics und Latinos in den USA – 2000 .............. 45 Abb. 4: Bundesstaaten der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika................................... 46 Abb. 5: Karte Mexikanisches Territorium – 1824 .................................................... 48 Abb. 6: Karte Mexikanisches Territorium – 1848..................................................... 49 Abb. 7: Das Ende der CD. Ein Nachruf..................................................................... 56 Abb. 8: Schablonen-Graffito „DisneyWar“............................................................... 60 Abb. 9: Graffiti – con safos ....................................................................................... 60 Abb. 10: Graffiti – c/s................................................................................................ 60 Einleitung 5 Einleitung “What did you say?”… I first heard the word wachuseh before I started school and learned English. For me, the word had always been Spanish. “This is better than wachuseh,” my father would say in Spanish and I would be impressed because he reserved the word for only the best. He never told me what it meant, but I knew. Wachuseh was a mythical Indian chief, perhaps an Aztec emperor, or at least the Indian chief on the red covers of school writing tablets. I could visualize him, tall, muscular, toasted brown with an Aztec feathered head dress, the epitome of perfection. (BURCIAGA 1993: 3-4) Kultur- und Sprachkontakt ist seit jeher Bestandteil gesellschaftlichen Lebens. Der interaktive Austausch zwischen Menschen, Kulturen und Sprachen ist kein ausschließlich rezentes Phänomen postmoderner Gesellschaften oder gesteigerter Migrationsbewegungen. Dennoch scheint die gegenwärtige physische sowie virtuelle Mobilität kulturell-sprachliche Mischungsprozesse zu dynamisieren, die sich über geographische und nationale Grenzen hinweg setzen und in neuen Räumen Formen des Ausdrucks suchen. Wachuseh ist unter mexikanischen Immigranten in den USA eine populäre und weit verbreitete Phrase. Ihre ursprüngliche Bedeutung „what did you say“ wird hier zur Nebensache. Es ist vielmehr Ausdruck eines Lebens mit und in mehreren Kulturen und Sprachen, in dem neue Worte, Formen und Identitäten geschaffen werden. Wachuseh repräsentiert als sprachliche Mischform das, was längst zur Normalität geworden ist. Thematik Mehrsprachigkeit ist in den letzten Jahren in das Zentrum akademischer sowie politischer Diskurse gerückt. Die bislang homogene Gleichung von Sprache und Nation und das in der Linguistik lange Zeit dominierende Konzept der Homogenität von Sprache wurde einer längst überfälligen Revision unterzogen. Ethnologen, Kulturwissenschaftler, Soziologen, Linguisten und Literaturwissenschaftler fokussierten fortan jene Sprach- und Kulturmischungsprozesse, die infolge von Kolonialismus, Industrialisierung, Urbanisierung und Globalisierung hervorgerufen wurden. Die Konzeptualisierung neuer Beschreibungskategorien lässt sich breitflächig beobachten: Culturas híbridas (CANCLINI), The Space in-between (BHABHA), Créolisation/Métissage (GLISSANT), Transkulturation (WELSCH), lengua sincrética (HILL/HILL) oder auch Literaturen ohne festen Wohnsitz (ETTE). Ausgehend von Einleitung 6 diesem Perspektivwechsel hat in der sprachwissenschaftlichen Forschung insbesondere das Konzept der „Hybridität“ Anwendung gefunden. Es wendet sich gegen eine strukturalistische, systemische Sprachauffassung und steht für eine affirmative, kreative Auffassung von Mehrsprachigkeit. Der
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