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Zgod Časopis ZGOD ČASOPIS HISTORICAL REVIEW фА" Df^ leto 1994 4 letnik 48 ZČ, Ljubljana, 48, 1994, številka 4, strani 431-600 in XI-XVI UDC 949.712(05) ZGODOVINSKI UDK ČASOPIS ISSN 0350-5774 GLASILO ZVEZE ZGODOVINSKIH DRUŠTEV SLOVENIJE Uredniški odbor: dr. Bogo Grafenauèr dr. Vasilij Melik (glavni in odgovorni urednik) Janez Stergar (namestnik glavnega urednika) Nataša Stergar (tehnični urednik) dr. Miro Stiplovšek dr. Peter Štih Za znanstveno vsebino prispevkov so odgovorni avtorji. Ponatis člankov in slik je mogoč samo z dovo­ ljenjem uredništva in navedbo vira. Redakcija tega zvezka je bila zaključena 10.12.1994. Izdajateljski svet: dr. Milica Kacin-Wohinz, Zdravko Klanjšček, dr. Jože Koropec, Samo Kristen, dr. Vasilij Melik, dr. Darja Mihelič, dr. Janko Pleterski, Janez Stergar, Prvenka Turk Prevodi: Niko Hudelja (nemščina), Lidija Berden (angleščina) Zunanja oprema: Neta Zwitter Sedež uredništva in uprave: Oddelek za zgodovino Filozofske fakultete v Ljubljani, SI-61000 Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 2/1, tel.: (061) 17-69-210 Letna naročnina: za nečlane in ustanove 3200 SIT, za društvene člane 2200 SIT, za društvene člane- upokojence 1650 SIT, za društvene člane-študente 1100 SIT (vse za leto 1994) Cena tega zvezka v prosti prodaji je 960 SIT Tekoči račun: Zveza zgodovinskih društev Slovenije, 50101-678-49040 Sofinancirajo: Ministrstvo za znanost in tehnologijo Republike Slovenije Ministrstvo za kulturo Republike Slovenije Ministrstvo za šolstvo in šport Republike Slovenije Znanstveni inštitut Filozofske fakultete v Ljubljani Znanstveno-raziskovalni center SAZU % Tisk: Tiskarna Slovenija, Ljubljana, februar 1995 Naklada: 2000 izvodov Po mnenju Ministrstva za kulturo Republike Slovenije št. 415- 348/92 mb. z dne 24. 4. 1992 šteje Zgodo­ vinski časopis za proizvod, od katerega se plačuje 5-odstotni prometni davek. ZGODOVINSKI ČASOPIS - LETNIK 48, LETO 1994, ŠTEVILKA 4 KAZALO - CONTENTS RAZPRAVE - STUDIES Mathias Springer, Novi odgovori in stara vprašanja o bitki pri Adrianoplu 433-442 New Answers and Old Questions about the Battle at Adrianopolis Peter Kos, Denarni obtok v slovenskem prostoru v pozni antiki . 443-447 The Monetary Circulation in Slovenian Territory in the Late Antiquity Janez Höfler, Raziskovanje srednjeveške umetnosti na Slovenskem 449-456 Medieval Art Research in the Slovenian Territory Vlado Hab i an, Vojna za kneževino Celjskih in mir 1460 v Požarnici (Pusarnitz) na Ko­ roškem 457-498 War for the Principality of the Counts of Celje/Cilli and Peace in Požarnica/Pusarnitz in Carinthia Peter Stih, Goriški grofje 499-518 The Counts of Gorica/Gorizia Antoni Cetnarowicz, Slovenci in vprašanje gališke avtonomije v letih 1868-1873 519-535 Slovenians the Question of Galician Autonomy in the Years 1868-1873 Avgust Lešnik, Berlinska konferenca treh internacional - poskus oblikovanja politike »enotne fronte« 537-546 Berlin Conference of Three Internationals - An Attempt of the "United Front" Policy Formation Marjan Britovšek, Tragedija Nikolaja Ivanoviča Buharina 547-558 Tragedy of Nikolay Ivanovitch Bucharin JUBILEJI - ANNIVERSARIES Božo Otorepec - sedemdesetletnik (Sergij Vilfan) 559-561 Božo Otorepec — Septuagenarian Bibliografija prof. dr. Boža Otorepca (Nataša Stergar) 561-564 Bibliography of Prof. Dr. Božo Otorepec POLEMIKA - POLEMIC O vojni, ki še traja, oportunističnih slovenskih zgodovinarjih, raznih neverjetnostih, borovnicah in še čem (Dragan Matic) 565-566 About the Still Lasting War, Opportunist Slovene Historians, Various Incredibilities, Blueberries and about Some More Things »Zgodovinopisje za vsakdanjo rabo bo torej še naprej aktualno« (Dragan Matić) ali: »Sto se babi snilo, to se babi htilo« (Stane Granda) 566-567 "Historiography for everyday usage is consequently going to be quite topical" (Dragan Matić) or: "What a harridan dreamt of that's what a harridan wants" KONGRESI, SIMPOZIJI, DRUŠTVENO ŽIVLJENJE - CONGRESSES. SYMPOSIA, SOCIETY EVENTS 27. zborovanje slovenskih zgodovinarjev z občnim zborom Zveze zgodovinskih društev Slovenije (Žarko Lazarević) 569-570 27th Convention of Slovenian Historians with General Meeting of the Historical Association of Slovenia Simpozij »I muri della storia« (Zidovi zgodovine) (Loredana U me k, Egon Pelikan) . 571-574 Symposium "I muri della storia" (The Walls of History) Pretekli čas - bodoče življenje. Trst 1954-1994 (Boris M. Gombač) 574-576 Past Time - Future Life. Triest 1954-1994 OCENE IN POROČILA - REVIEWS AND REPORTS Annales 3/93: Anali Koprskega primorja in bližnjih pokrajin (Avgust Lešnik) 577-578 Maurice Keen, Srednjeveška Evropa (Ludvik Carni) 578-579 Spisi dubrovačke kancelarije (Ignacij Voje) 579-580 Ljubisav Andrić, Seoba u sporovima (Zvezdan Marković) 580-583 John Ellis, The Social History of the Machine Gun (Andrej Pančur) 583-585 Henrik Turna, Pisma. Osebnosti in dogodki (1893-1935) (Franc Rozman) 585-586 Minka Lavrenčič-Pahor, Primorski učitelji 1914-1941 (Miran Komac) 586-588 France Filipič, Ob razpotjih zgodovine (Miroslav Stiplovšek) 588-589 Paolo Blasina, Vescovo e clero nella diocesi di Trieste-Capodistria 1938-1945 (Boris M. Gombač) 589-596 OBVESTILA - INFORMATIONS Obvestila o izhajanju Zgodovinskega časopisa (Janez Stergar) 576 Informations on the Issuing of Zgodovinski časopis - Historical Review LETNO KAZALO - ANNUAL CONTENTS Letno kazalo Zgodovinskega časopisa 48/1994 597-600 Annual Contents of Zgodovinski časopis - Historical Review 48/1994 IZVLEČKI - ABSTRACTS Izvlečki razprav in člankov v Zgodovinskem časopisu 48, 1994, 2, 3 in 4 XI-XVI Abstracts from Papers and Articles in Zgodovinski časopis - Historical Review 48, 1994 2, 3 and 4 ZGODOVINSKI ČASOPIS 48 • 1994 • 4 • 433-442 433 Mathias Springer NOVI ODGOVORI IN STARA VPRAŠANJA O BITKI PRI ADRIANOPLU Referat na kolokviju "Zaton rimskega cesarstva in pozno antična doba na Slovenskem" v Ljubljani 3. 3. 1994 9. avgusta 378 so rimskega cesarja Valensa pri Adrianoplu premagali Zahodni Goti, kot jih označujemo v današnjem času. Cesarje v bitki padel. Vsaj od Gibbona (1737-1794) je veljala bitka pri Adrianoplu za mejnik na poti zatona rimskega cesarstva. Povsem prepričljiv tak način sklepanja ni, kajti le dvesto kilometrov stran od mesta je rimsko cesarstvo obstajalo do leta 1453, in sam Adrianopel je bil do 1361 v okviru tega cesarstva, le daje naša trdovratnost dala srednjeveški državi, ki so ji vladali iz Konstantinopla, zavajajočo oznako bizantinskega cesarstva. Pomen, ki se pripisuje bitki pri Adrianoplu, se uvršča v tiste predstave, po katerih naj bi germanska osvajanja povzročila zaton in razpad rimskega cesarstva. Le manjši del zgodovinarjev si propad skuša pojasniti drugače. V sodobnosti smo bili priče, kako je propadla svetovna velesila, ne da bi jo kdo osvojil, celo ne da bi se sploh nahajala v vojni. Morda bo ta izkušnja pripomogla k temu, da bo podoba rimskega cesarstva v pozni antiki postala pravilnejša in bo v tem primeru obveljalo: Vita magistra historiae. Nedavno je Herwig Wolfram nanovo osvetlil bitko pri Adrianoplu. Po njegovem mnenju naj bi se posledica tega dogodka morda nekoliko preveč poudarjala. "Rimljani 5. stoletja, ljudje, ki so doživeli strahote zadnje generacije ali zadnjih dveh generacij, so videli v Adrianoplu začetek konca... Toda neposredni sodobniki so sodili drugače."1 Če je Ammianus Marcellinus proti koncu 4. stol. to bitko primerjal z bitko pri Kanah, je pri tem mislil na to, da je zmagi Kartažanov sledil njihov dokončni poraz. Po Wolframu je pomen bitke pri Adrianoplu predvsem na drugem področju. Bitka je "sprožila najprej globoko preoblikovanje plemen obdonavskih Gotov. V očeh Fritigernovih Gotov so bili konjeniki tisti, ki so odločili veliko bitko in nekaj manjših spopadov pred tem in kasneje. In ti konjeniki so bili tujci, čeprav so bili Goti ali pogoteni konjeniški nomadi. Njihov očiten uspeh je pospešil kulturno prilagoditev ali bolje ponovno kulturno prilagoditev obdonavskih Gotov vzhodnim "skitskim" življenjskim navadam. Ironija zgodovine je, da so obdonavski Goti, ki so postali "konjeniški" Zahodni Goti, prenesli izročila vzhodnih step vse do najbolj oddaljenega Zahoda rimskega cesarstva.3 Kot meni avtor, je pomenila bitka pri Adrianoplu prej zarezo v gotski kakor pa v rimski zgodovini, in pomen dogodka naj bi bil razviden prav iz poteka spopadov. Na koncu koncev naj bi bila kulturna prilagoditev ali ponovna kulturna prilagoditev Gotov skitskim življenjskim navadam razumljiva s^ tem, da je takoj po začetku bitke "bliskovit napad gotskih konjenikov odločil izid spopada". Naj se pri tem spomnimo na bitko pri Roßbachu (jugo-jugozahodno od Merseburga), kjer je 5. novembra 1757 napad pruske konjenice pod poveljstvom Seydlitza že v samem začetku odločil bitko in so bili Francozi kot tudi cesarska vojska uničujoče premagani - le da iz tega vojaško nedvomno zelo pomembnega dogodka ne moremo potegniti nikakršnih sklepov o nadaljnem načinu življenja tako pri Nemcih kakor pri Francozih. Vsekakor je sam potek bitke pri Adrianoplu z Wolframovimi izvajanji dobil posebno težo. Izhajamo iz ugotovitve, da je zgodovinar Amijan Marcelin (Ammianus Marcellinus) dogajanje H. WOLFRAM, Das Reich und die Germanen. Zwischen Antike und Mittelalter, Berlin 1990 (Das Reich und die Deutschen), str. 140. WOLFRAM (kot v op. 1), str. 141. Podobno že R.C. BLOCKLEY, Ammianus Marcellinus, Bruxelles 1975 (Collection Latomus 141), str. 103. 3 WOLFRAM (kot v op. 1), str. 142. 4 WOLFRAM (kot v op. 1), str. 139. 434 M.SPRINGER: O BITKI PRI ADRIANOPLU izčrpno opisal. Amijan je bil sodobnik dogodkov. Svoje delo je napisal v latinščini, pri čemer je bila grščina njegov materni jezik. V novejšem času
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