Learning from the Aftermath of the Holocaust G
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Pius XII on Trial
The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Honors College 5-2014 Pius XII on Trial Katherine M. Campbell University of Maine - Main, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors Part of the Anthropology Commons, and the History Commons Recommended Citation Campbell, Katherine M., "Pius XII on Trial" (2014). Honors College. 159. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors/159 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors College by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PIUS XII ON TRIAL by Katherine M. Campbell A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for a Degree with Honors (Anthropology and Political Science) The Honors College University of Maine May 2014 Advisory Committee: Henry Munson, Professor of Anthropology Alexander Grab, Professor of History Mark D. Brewer, Associate Professor of Political Science Richard J. Powell, Associate Professor of Political Science, Leadership Studies Sol Goldman, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Political Science Copyright 2014 Katherine M. Campbell Abstract: Scholars have debated Pope Pius XII’s role in the Holocaust since the 1960s. Did he do everything he could and should have done to save Jews? His critics say no because of antisemitism rooted in the traditional Catholic views. His defenders say yes and deny that he was an antisemite. In my thesis, I shall assess the arguments on both sides in terms of the available evidence. I shall focus both on what Pius XII did do and what he did not do and on the degree to which he can be held responsible for the actions of low-level clergy. -
Building an Unwanted Nation: the Anglo-American Partnership and Austrian Proponents of a Separate Nationhood, 1918-1934
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Carolina Digital Repository BUILDING AN UNWANTED NATION: THE ANGLO-AMERICAN PARTNERSHIP AND AUSTRIAN PROPONENTS OF A SEPARATE NATIONHOOD, 1918-1934 Kevin Mason A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of PhD in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2007 Approved by: Advisor: Dr. Christopher Browning Reader: Dr. Konrad Jarausch Reader: Dr. Lloyd Kramer Reader: Dr. Michael Hunt Reader: Dr. Terence McIntosh ©2007 Kevin Mason ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Kevin Mason: Building an Unwanted Nation: The Anglo-American Partnership and Austrian Proponents of a Separate Nationhood, 1918-1934 (Under the direction of Dr. Christopher Browning) This project focuses on American and British economic, diplomatic, and cultural ties with Austria, and particularly with internal proponents of Austrian independence. Primarily through loans to build up the economy and diplomatic pressure, the United States and Great Britain helped to maintain an independent Austrian state and prevent an Anschluss or union with Germany from 1918 to 1934. In addition, this study examines the minority of Austrians who opposed an Anschluss . The three main groups of Austrians that supported independence were the Christian Social Party, monarchists, and some industries and industrialists. These Austrian nationalists cooperated with the Americans and British in sustaining an unwilling Austrian nation. Ultimately, the global depression weakened American and British capacity to practice dollar and pound diplomacy, and the popular appeal of Hitler combined with Nazi Germany’s aggression led to the realization of the Anschluss . -
The US-Army Entering Rome on June 4Th 1944
514 The US-Army entering Rome on June 4th 1944 “Tomorrow John Kitterer will play”: The SOE Operation Duval 515 Peter Pirker “Tomorrow John Kitterer will play” The SOE Operation Duval and the Mauthausen Survivors Josef Hemetsberger and Hans Prager1 When the US and British Armies marched into Rome on June 4, 1944 there was finally an opportunity for two deserters of the German Wehrmacht to come out of hiding respectively leave their precarious situation with the partisans behind and act openly: Josef Hemets- berger, then 23 years old, and Hans Prager, then 18 years old, went to the house of the former Austrian embassy in Rome without knowing of each other. Prager was responding to a newspaper announcement which encouraged all Austrians in Rome to take this step; Hemetsberger followed a long harboured wish to join an Austrian legion which was, ac- cording to rumours at home, led by the former Heimwehrführer (Home Guard leader) Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg and would fight for the reinstallation of an independent Austria on the sides of the Allied Forces. Both were considerably surprised when they were met by American soldiers and taken into custody. Until recently, the building in the Via Perigolesi had been the re- gional headquarters of the foreign NSDAP. Two days after the liberation of Rome the building was occupied by a group of Aus- trians, among them Bishop Hudal and the last Austrian ambassa- dor in Italy and former foreign minister in the Schuschnigg government, Egon Berger-Waldenegg. They flagged the building with the red and white Austrian flag and the banner “Es lebe das freie und alliierte Österreich” (Long live the free and allied Austria).2 At the same time rumours were spread that the Allied Forces were already Bishop Alois Hudal envisaging Berger-Waldenegg as head of a future Austrian gov- ernment.3 After a couple of days, the Allied military police cleared the building after pro- tests from left-wing and middle-class exile organisations in Great Britain and the USA and harsh criticism of the British press. -
Dos Décadas Han Trascurrido Desde El Inicio De Un Acceso
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CONICET Digital Nazis Y charlatanes en Argentina. ACERCA DE Mitos E historia TERGIVersada IGNACIO KLICH (Universidad de Buenos Aires) CRISTIAN BUCHRUCKER (CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo) Dos décadas han trascurrido desde el currido ocasional y selectivamente a una inicio de un acceso más fluido a la docu- cantidad insignificante de documentos, mentación sobre los nazis acumulada en priorizando hallazgos personales de difícil distintos repositorios argentinos. Si bien consulta por terceros, salvo para quienes tardía, esta medida propicia, primero efec- se den por satisfechos con las copias facsi- tivizada no más que apenas, luego con milares ocasionalmente reproducidas por mayor amplitud, comenzó a verse imple- tales periodistas, y citando a los demás de mentada a partir de 1992. Desde entonces, manera indirecta y descontextualizada. el grueso de la producción sobre esta vasta Un caso más extremo de la misma falta es temática –básicamente la del periodismo el de quienes escriben con casi la más ab- investigativo local– ha dado pocas señales soluta prescindencia de la documentación de haberse servido del consecuente acreci- e historiografía, como si se pudiese lograr miento de la materia prima disponible. un texto de historia seria a puro artificio, La calidad de gran parte de esa produc- con asertos cuya validez está más allá del ción periodística revela, en todo caso, que aporte de evidencia firme en su apoyo. ella no ha abrevado demasiado en tan rica, Como posible justificación de tan limita- aún si incompleta, fuente. En rigor, tales do aprovechamiento de los registros dispo- escritos se produjeron mayormente con nibles, no escasean las alusiones a «miles y prescindencia de casi todo el material de miles de documentos» más, «guardados en archivos argentinos y extranjeros, como si inasibles archivos que nadie tiene interés estos papeles no existiesen o el acceso a en mostrar y que son difíciles de hallar»1. -
Tango Mortale
Tango mortale Eine Lange Nacht über Argentinien und die Schatten seiner Vergangenheit Autorin: Margot Litten Regie: die Autorin Redaktion: Dr. Monika Künzel SprecherInnen: Julia Fischer (Erzählerin) Christian Baumann Krista Posch Andreas Neumann Rahel Comtesse Sendetermine: 27. März 2021 Deutschlandfunk Kultur 27./28. März 2021 Deutschlandfunk __________________________________________________________________________ Urheberrechtlicher Hinweis: Dieses Manuskript ist urheberrechtlich geschützt und darf vom Empfänger ausschließlich zu rein privaten Zwecken genutzt werden. Jede Vervielfältigung, Verbreitung oder sonstige Nutzung, die über den in den §§ 45 bis 63 Urheberrechtsgesetz geregelten Umfang hinausgeht, ist unzulässig. © Deutschlandradio - unkorrigiertes Exemplar - insofern zutreffend. 1. Stunde Musik geht über in Atmo Menschenmenge vor Kongress Sprecher Eine wogene Menschenmenge vor dem Kongresspalast im Zentrum von Buenos Aires - Frauen mit grünen Halstüchern, dem Symbol ihres Kampfes für eine Legalisierung von Schwangerschaftsabbrüchen. Seit Jahren sorgt das Thema für heftige Debatten in dem katholisch geprägten Land. Nach zwölfstündiger Marathonsitzung stimmt der Senat tatsächlich für das Recht auf Abtreibung, obwohl sogar Papst Franziskus in letzter Minute per Twitter versucht hat, das Blatt zu wenden. Draußen brandet Jubel auf, die Frauen lachen, weinen, umarmen sich … ein historischer Tag, dieser 30. Dezember 2020. Eines der großen Tabus in Lateinamerika ist gebrochen. Atmo Menschenmenge nochmal kurz hoch / dann darüber: Auch -
Pasado Mañana Se Reinician En San Rafael Los Juicios Por Crímenes De Lesa Humanidad
Año 5 Nro. 272 $ 3 Malargüe, Mendoza, Argentina, Sábado 27 de diciembre de 2014 www.sinpelos2011.wordpress.com Dirección electrónica: [email protected] Pasado mañana se reinician en San Rafael los juicios por crímenes de lesa humanidad Los cursos El INADI pidió al Concejo Deliberan- te, a la DGE y al Instituto del Verbo de DDHH co- Encarnado que retire las imágines re- menzaran en ligiosas en los espacios públicos. No Malargüe el se pueden rezar oracio- nes católicas en las es- 18 de abril cuelas públicas y el cura Pato Gómez no puede dar misa en la escuela de Bardas Blancas FE de ERRATAS: en nuestro número anterior metimos la pata con las fechas de SPELL. Pedimos disculpas e informamos que nos tomamos un descanso y que nuestro próximo número verá la luz el sábado 17 de enero, con un informe completo sobre los juicios por crímenes de lesa humanidad en San Rafael Los temas de esta semana Este lunes comienzan los juicios en San Rafael y la APDH se perfila como factor de poder de militancia social (pág. 2); Nuevos links a los DDHH (pág. 2); Nuevo dictamen del INADI a favor del laicismo (pág. 3); Ya tienen fecha los cursos 2015 de la APDH (pág. 3); Carlos Raimundi expli- ca por qué los juicios no deben caerse (pág. 4); ODESSA y el Instituto del Verbo Encarnado (pág. 5); Un miembro del IVE es hijo de un represor sanjuanino prófugo (pág. 7); La concejal Martínez nos informó de sus proyectos (pág. 7); GREENPEACE logró parar los desmontes (pág. -
Bibliothek Des Widerstands · Band 9
Bibliothek des Widerstands · Band 9 Herausgegeben von Willi Baer und Karl-Heinz Dellwo Panteón Militar LAIKA-Verlag Inhalt Osvaldo Bayer 30 Jahre danach – Zu den Folgen der Militärdiktatur in Argentinien 11 Klaus Eichner Argentinien Militär – Geheimdienste – Terror 23 Dokumentation 87 Elvira Ochoa/Frieder Wagner Die dunkle Seite des Sterns: Mercedes Benz und die stille Kollaboration mit der argentinischen Diktatur 97 Gaby Weber Die Verschwundenen von Mercedes Benz 115 Filmografie 133 Biografische Notiz 135 Inhalt der DVD 144 5 24 März 1976 Buenos Aires, Panzer vor dem Regierungspalast Die Diktatur dauerte von 1976 – 1983 Bilanz: 30 000 Verschwundene, ein verlorener Krieg gegen England um die Falklandinseln und eine heruntergewirtschaf- tete und ausgesaugte Ökonomie Unter der Führung von Emilio Eduardo Massera, Jorge Rafael Videla und Orlando Agosti wurden etwa 30 000 Subversive und die, die man dafür hielt, in Argentinien zuerst gefoltert und dann ermordet Die Militärs waren sich der deutschen Unterstützung sicher Vier Wochen vor dem Putsch informierte Massera den deutschen Botschafter Jörg Kastl über den Putsch Kastl selber riet Massera: »Sie brauchen Standgerichte mit einem Ausnahmezustand, dann begreift das Ihr Volk und das begreift dann sicher auch das Ausland« Auf Jörg Kastl folgt der Botschafter Joachim Jaenicke, der nach den bereits bekannten Morden an Klaus Zieschank und Elisabeth Käsemann, nach den Berichten über Folter und Mord erklärt, dass Argentinien keine Diktatur sei Später schreiben argentinische Zeitungen über die »Deutsche Mitwirkung beim argentinischen Genozid« Klaus Eichner Argentinien. Militär – Geheimdienste – Terror »Argentinien wird erschüttert und vergewaltigt von der letzten Militärdiktatur und allen Diktaturen Lateinamerikas, die von der Doktrin der Nationalen Si- cherheit eingesetzt wurden. -
The Survivor's Hunt for Nazi Fugitives in Brazil: The
THE SURVIVOR’S HUNT FOR NAZI FUGITIVES IN BRAZIL: THE CASES OF FRANZ STANGL AND GUSTAV WAGNER IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE by Kyle Leland McLain A thesis submitted to the faculty of The University of North Carolina at Charlotte in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History Charlotte 2016 Approved by: ______________________________ Dr. Heather Perry ______________________________ Dr. Jürgen Buchenau ______________________________ Dr. John Cox ii ©2016 Kyle Leland McLain ALL RIGHTS RESERVED iii ABSTRACT KYLE LELAND MCLAIN. The survivor’s hunt for Nazi fugitives in Brazil: the cases of Franz Stangl and Gustav Wagner in the context of international justice (Under the direction of DR. HEATHER PERRY) On April 23, 1978, Brazilian authorities arrested Gustav Wagner, a former Nazi internationally wanted for his crimes committed during the Holocaust. Despite a confirming witness and petitions from West Germany, Israel, Poland and Austria, the Brazilian Supreme Court blocked Wagner’s extradition and released him in 1979. Earlier in 1967, Brazil extradited Wagner’s former commanding officer, Franz Stangl, who stood trial in West Germany, was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment. These two particular cases present a paradox in the international hunt to bring Nazi war criminals to justice. They both had almost identical experiences during the war and their escape, yet opposite outcomes once arrested. Trials against war criminals, particularly in West Germany, yielded some successes, but many resulted in acquittals or light sentences. Some Jewish survivors sought extrajudicial means to see that Holocaust perpetrators received their due justice. Some resorted to violence, such as vigilante justice carried out by “Jewish vengeance squads.” In other cases, private survivor and Jewish organizations collaborated to acquire information, lobby diplomatic representatives and draw public attention to the fact that many Nazi war criminals were still at large. -
The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930–1965 Ii Introduction Introduction Iii
Introduction i The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930–1965 ii Introduction Introduction iii The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930 –1965 Michael Phayer INDIANA UNIVERSITY PRESS Bloomington and Indianapolis iv Introduction This book is a publication of Indiana University Press 601 North Morton Street Bloomington, IN 47404-3797 USA http://www.indiana.edu/~iupress Telephone orders 800-842-6796 Fax orders 812-855-7931 Orders by e-mail [email protected] © 2000 by John Michael Phayer All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and re- cording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. The Association of Ameri- can University Presses’ Resolution on Permissions constitutes the only exception to this prohibition. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Perma- nence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. Manufactured in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Phayer, Michael, date. The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930–1965 / Michael Phayer. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-253-33725-9 (alk. paper) 1. Pius XII, Pope, 1876–1958—Relations with Jews. 2. Judaism —Relations—Catholic Church. 3. Catholic Church—Relations— Judaism. 4. Holocaust, Jewish (1939–1945) 5. World War, 1939– 1945—Religious aspects—Catholic Church. 6. Christianity and an- tisemitism—History—20th century. I. Title. BX1378 .P49 2000 282'.09'044—dc21 99-087415 ISBN 0-253-21471-8 (pbk.) 2 3 4 5 6 05 04 03 02 01 Introduction v C O N T E N T S Acknowledgments ix Introduction xi 1. -
Separation of Church and State, Part 2
- o...J w c.. ::x I- z z- .. + ~~ < o -u z o ~::> u UJ V) - - - - VATICAN POLICY IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR By L. H. LEHMANN PamTI:D m TJIa U.s.A. + , Copyright 1946. by L. H. Lehmann AGORA PUBLISHING CO .• Dept. 4VX 120 Liberty Street New York 6. N. Y. Price 25¢ lS for $1.00 - $1.3 per 100 FmsT PRINTING. JUNE. 1945 SE(X>ND PRINTING. MAROH. 1946 THIRD PRINTING. JUNE. 1946 FOURTH PRINTING. DECEMBER. 1'946 " BmUOGRAPHY THE STATE AND THE CHURCH, by John A. Ryan and Moorehouse F. X. Millar, S.J., written and edited for the Department of Social Action of the National Catholic Welfare Council, New York, 1922. Reprinted BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE under new title of CATHOLIC PRINCIPLES OF POLITICS, with F. J. Boland, New York, 1940. FAITH FOR LMNG, by Lewis Mumford, New York, 1940. THE SPANISH LABYRlNTH, by Gerald Brenan, New York, 1943. THE POPE IN POLITICS, by William Teeling, London, 1937. LEO H. LEHMANN, by education and experience, is pre BETRAYAL IN CENTRAL EUROPE, by G. E. R. Gedye, New York, 1939. eminently qualified as an expert on the Catholic Church, MEIN KAMPF, by Adolf Hitler, Reyna! & Hitchcock edition, New York. its history and trends and political relations. 1940. STAAT UNO PARTEIEN, by Karl Boka, Max Niehans Verlag, Zurich & Leip Born in Dublin, Ireland, he was educated in Muhgret sig. College, Limerick, and All Hallows College, Dublin. In PAPSTGESCHICHTE DER NEUESTEN ZEIT, by Joseph Schmidlin, 4 vols., 1918, he entered the University de Propaganda Fide, in Munich, 1933-39. Rome, Italy, and was ordained a priest of the Roman 1M RINGEN UM DIE KIRCHE, by Friedrich Heiler. -
CHRISTIAN COMPLICITY? Changing Views on German Churches and the Holocaust
CHRISTIAN COMPLICITY? Changing Views on German Churches and the Holocaust Robert P. Ericksen Christian Complicity? Changing Views on German Churches and the Holocaust Robert P. Ericksen JOSEPH AND REBECCA MEYERHOFF ANNUAL LECTURE 8 NOVEMBER 2007 The assertions, opinions, and conclusions in this occasional paper are those of the author. They do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. First printing, November 2009 Copyright © 2009 by Robert P. Ericksen THE JOSEPH AND REBECCA MEYERHOFF ANNUAL LECTURE honors excellence in Holocaust research and fosters dissemination of cutting-edge Holocaust scholarship. Generous philanthropists, Joseph and Rebecca Meyerhoff of Baltimore, Maryland, provided support to organizations worldwide, focusing on Jewish learning and scholarship, music, the arts, and humanitarian causes. Their children, Eleanor Katz and Harvey M. Meyerhoff, Chairman Emeritus of the United States Holocaust Memorial Council, endowed this lecture. My title for this Meyerhoff Lecture addresses the question of Christian complicity in the Holocaust, with attention also to “changing views” over time on the role of German churches. It has been just over sixty years since the Holocaust came to an end. By coincidence, my first scholarly article on the topic appeared in 1977, at approximately the halfway point of this sixty-year period. I will use the two halves of this timeframe to suggest that a transition occurred at about that middle point, a transition in which evidence concerning the pervasive participation of Germans and of German churches in the Nazi state and widespread support of its policies has increasingly undercut ubiquitous German claims of innocence. During the first years after the war, many or most Germans, Christians and otherwise, claimed never to have supported Adolf Hitler and not to have been responsible for atrocities committed by the Nazi regime. -
RIASSUNTO/SUMMARY Livia Zampolini Matr.065082 “Operazione ODESSA: La Svastica E La Croce. Complicità Nella Fuga Dei Criminali
RIASSUNTO/SUMMARY Livia Zampolini Matr.065082 “Operazione ODESSA: la svastica e la croce. Complicità nella fuga dei criminali nazisti verso il santuario argentino” A.A. 2012-2013 At the end of World War II, the Allies, the governments and police forces of Italy, Austria and Switzerland, as well as members of the ecclesiastical hierarchy and even the Red Cross were responsible for aiding the escape of Nazi war criminals. Barbie, Eichmann, Mengele, Pavelic and Priebke all escaped through the infamous "ratlines”, carefully established between Germany and Buenos Aires via Austria, Switzerland, Milan, Genoa and Rome. The escape of the Nazis in Latin America has been analyzed by historians as well as exploited by novelists, filmmakers and political parties. It is undoubtedly one of the most obscure and complicated chapters of recent history. Many false information and legends have been built around this sensitive subject: it has long been talked about mysterious submarines loaded with treasures as well as about mysterious war treasures sent from Nazis to Argentina. Thus, the aim of this dissertation is to shed light on the so-called operation ODESSA, still very sensitive for both Argentina and the Vatican. I specifically focused on the responsibilities of the Catholic Church, the government of Perón , the International Red Cross as well as the American and British secret services. The questions I set out to answer are the following: what kind of organization was ODESSA? Who collaborated with its members? And more importantly, what were the real reasons that led them to become its accomplices?. Following the analysis of all specialized articles and books at my disposal, I have come to hardly refutable conclusions: ODESSA was indeed an organization made up of SS but his undoubted success largely depended on the network of contacts that its members managed to establish during the final years of the conflict.