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Pius XII on Trial
The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Honors College 5-2014 Pius XII on Trial Katherine M. Campbell University of Maine - Main, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors Part of the Anthropology Commons, and the History Commons Recommended Citation Campbell, Katherine M., "Pius XII on Trial" (2014). Honors College. 159. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors/159 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors College by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PIUS XII ON TRIAL by Katherine M. Campbell A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for a Degree with Honors (Anthropology and Political Science) The Honors College University of Maine May 2014 Advisory Committee: Henry Munson, Professor of Anthropology Alexander Grab, Professor of History Mark D. Brewer, Associate Professor of Political Science Richard J. Powell, Associate Professor of Political Science, Leadership Studies Sol Goldman, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Political Science Copyright 2014 Katherine M. Campbell Abstract: Scholars have debated Pope Pius XII’s role in the Holocaust since the 1960s. Did he do everything he could and should have done to save Jews? His critics say no because of antisemitism rooted in the traditional Catholic views. His defenders say yes and deny that he was an antisemite. In my thesis, I shall assess the arguments on both sides in terms of the available evidence. I shall focus both on what Pius XII did do and what he did not do and on the degree to which he can be held responsible for the actions of low-level clergy. -
Learning from the Aftermath of the Holocaust G
Learning From The Aftermath Of The Holocaust G. Short, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom International Journal of Historical Learning, Teaching and Research [IJHLTR], Volume 14, Number 2 – Spring/Summer 2017 Historical Association of Great Britain www.history.org.uk ISSN: 14472-9474 Abstract: In this article I seek to encourage those involved in Holocaust education in schools to engage not just with the Holocaust but also with its aftermath. I conceptualise the latter in terms of two questions; namely, what happened to those Jews who survived the Nazi onslaught and what became of the perpetrators? British researchers in the field of Holocaust education have largely ignored these questions, discovering only that many schools ignore them too. I argue that students are able to benefit in a number of ways from learning about the aftermath of the Holocaust, for the topic provides a sense of closure, allows for a more sophisticated understanding of the fate of European Jewry between 1933 and 1945 and also has the potential to promote responsible citizenship. Keywords: Citizenship, Curriculum, Holocaust Aftermath, Learning, Teaching INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL LEARNING, TEACHING AND RESEARCH Vol. 14.2 LEARNING FROM THE AFTERMATH OF THE HOLOCAUST G. Short, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom Abstract: In this article I seek to encourage those involved in Holocaust education in schools to engage not just with the Holocaust but also with its aftermath. I conceptualise the latter in terms of two questions; namely, what happened to those Jews who survived the Nazi onslaught and what became of the perpetrators? British researchers in the field of Holocaust education have largely ignored these questions, discovering only that many schools ignore them too. -
The Barnes Review SOBIBÓR a JOURNAL of NATIONALIST THOUGHT & HISTORY HOLOCAUSTPROPAGANDAANDREALITY VOLUME XVI NUMBER 4 JULY/AUGUST 2010 BARNESREVIEW.ORG
WHAT IS THE TRUTH ABOUT THE SOBIBOR CONCENTRATION CAMP? FIND OUT! BRINGING HISTORY INTO ACCORD WITH THE FACTS IN THE TRADITION OF DR. HARRY ELMER BARNES The Barnes Review SOBIBÓR A JOURNAL OF NATIONALIST THOUGHT & HISTORY HOLOCAUSTPROPAGANDAANDREALITY VOLUME XVI NUMBER 4 JULY/AUGUST 2010 BARNESREVIEW.ORG A scholarly examination of the infamous Nazi “death camp” NEW FROM TBR: By Juergen Graf, Carlo Mattogno & Thomas Kues n May 2009, the 89-year-old Cleveland autoworker John Demjanjuk was deported from the United States to Germany, where he was arrested and charged with aiding and abetting murder in at least 27,900 cases. These mass murders were allegedly perpetrated at the Sobibór “death” Icamp in eastern Poland. According to mainstream historiography, 170,000 to 250,000 Jews were exterminated here in gas chambers between May 1942 and October 1943. The corpses were buried in mass graves and later incinerated on an open-air pyre. A DAGGER IN THE But do these claims really stand up to scrutiny? SOBIBOR In this book, the official version of what transpired at LEGEND Sobibór is put under the scanner. It is shown that the historiog- raphy of the camp is not based on solid evidence, but on the selec- tive use of eyewitness testimonies, which in turn are riddled with con- tradictions and outright absurdities. Could this book exonerate falsely accused John Demjanjuk? For more than half a century mainstream Holocaust historians made no real attempts to muster material Also in this issue: evidence for their claims about Sobibór. Finally, in the 21st century, professional historians carried out an archeological survey at the former camp site. -
Building an Unwanted Nation: the Anglo-American Partnership and Austrian Proponents of a Separate Nationhood, 1918-1934
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Carolina Digital Repository BUILDING AN UNWANTED NATION: THE ANGLO-AMERICAN PARTNERSHIP AND AUSTRIAN PROPONENTS OF A SEPARATE NATIONHOOD, 1918-1934 Kevin Mason A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of PhD in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2007 Approved by: Advisor: Dr. Christopher Browning Reader: Dr. Konrad Jarausch Reader: Dr. Lloyd Kramer Reader: Dr. Michael Hunt Reader: Dr. Terence McIntosh ©2007 Kevin Mason ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Kevin Mason: Building an Unwanted Nation: The Anglo-American Partnership and Austrian Proponents of a Separate Nationhood, 1918-1934 (Under the direction of Dr. Christopher Browning) This project focuses on American and British economic, diplomatic, and cultural ties with Austria, and particularly with internal proponents of Austrian independence. Primarily through loans to build up the economy and diplomatic pressure, the United States and Great Britain helped to maintain an independent Austrian state and prevent an Anschluss or union with Germany from 1918 to 1934. In addition, this study examines the minority of Austrians who opposed an Anschluss . The three main groups of Austrians that supported independence were the Christian Social Party, monarchists, and some industries and industrialists. These Austrian nationalists cooperated with the Americans and British in sustaining an unwilling Austrian nation. Ultimately, the global depression weakened American and British capacity to practice dollar and pound diplomacy, and the popular appeal of Hitler combined with Nazi Germany’s aggression led to the realization of the Anschluss . -
The US-Army Entering Rome on June 4Th 1944
514 The US-Army entering Rome on June 4th 1944 “Tomorrow John Kitterer will play”: The SOE Operation Duval 515 Peter Pirker “Tomorrow John Kitterer will play” The SOE Operation Duval and the Mauthausen Survivors Josef Hemetsberger and Hans Prager1 When the US and British Armies marched into Rome on June 4, 1944 there was finally an opportunity for two deserters of the German Wehrmacht to come out of hiding respectively leave their precarious situation with the partisans behind and act openly: Josef Hemets- berger, then 23 years old, and Hans Prager, then 18 years old, went to the house of the former Austrian embassy in Rome without knowing of each other. Prager was responding to a newspaper announcement which encouraged all Austrians in Rome to take this step; Hemetsberger followed a long harboured wish to join an Austrian legion which was, ac- cording to rumours at home, led by the former Heimwehrführer (Home Guard leader) Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg and would fight for the reinstallation of an independent Austria on the sides of the Allied Forces. Both were considerably surprised when they were met by American soldiers and taken into custody. Until recently, the building in the Via Perigolesi had been the re- gional headquarters of the foreign NSDAP. Two days after the liberation of Rome the building was occupied by a group of Aus- trians, among them Bishop Hudal and the last Austrian ambassa- dor in Italy and former foreign minister in the Schuschnigg government, Egon Berger-Waldenegg. They flagged the building with the red and white Austrian flag and the banner “Es lebe das freie und alliierte Österreich” (Long live the free and allied Austria).2 At the same time rumours were spread that the Allied Forces were already Bishop Alois Hudal envisaging Berger-Waldenegg as head of a future Austrian gov- ernment.3 After a couple of days, the Allied military police cleared the building after pro- tests from left-wing and middle-class exile organisations in Great Britain and the USA and harsh criticism of the British press. -
Why Hitler Wished He Was Muslim
The Wall Street Journal January 17-18, 2015 Book Review “Atatürk in the Nazi Imagination” by Stefan Ihrig, Harvard, $29.95, 311 pages. “Islam and Nazi Germany’s War” by David Motadel, Harvard, $35, 500 pages. Why Hitler Wished He Was Muslim The Führer admired Atatürk’s subordination of religion to the state—and his ruthless treatment of minorities. Muslim recruits of the SS Handzar Division pray in 1943. Harvard University Press; German Archives by Dominic Green ‘It’s been our misfortune to have the wrong religion,” Hitler complained to his pet architect Albert Speer. “Why did it have to be Christianity, with its meekness and flabbiness?” Islam was a Männerreligion—a “religion of men”—and hygienic too. The “soldiers of Islam” received a warrior’s heaven, “a real earthly paradise” with “houris” and “wine flowing.” This, Hitler argued, was much more suited to the “Germanic temperament” than the “Jewish filth and priestly twaddle” of Christianity. For decades, historians have seen Hitler’s Beer Hall Putsch of 1923 as emulating Mussolini ’s 1922 March on Rome. Not so, says Stefan Ihrig in “Atatürk in the Nazi Imagination.” Hitler also had Turkey in mind—and not just the 1908 march of the Young Turks on Constantinople, which brought down a government. After 1917, the bankrupt, defeated and cosmopolitan Ottoman Empire contracted into a vigorous “Turanic” nation-state. In the early 1920s, the new Turkey was the first “revisionist” power to opt out of the postwar system, retaking lost lands on the Syrian coast and control over the Strait of the Dardanelles. -
Dos Décadas Han Trascurrido Desde El Inicio De Un Acceso
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CONICET Digital Nazis Y charlatanes en Argentina. ACERCA DE Mitos E historia TERGIVersada IGNACIO KLICH (Universidad de Buenos Aires) CRISTIAN BUCHRUCKER (CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo) Dos décadas han trascurrido desde el currido ocasional y selectivamente a una inicio de un acceso más fluido a la docu- cantidad insignificante de documentos, mentación sobre los nazis acumulada en priorizando hallazgos personales de difícil distintos repositorios argentinos. Si bien consulta por terceros, salvo para quienes tardía, esta medida propicia, primero efec- se den por satisfechos con las copias facsi- tivizada no más que apenas, luego con milares ocasionalmente reproducidas por mayor amplitud, comenzó a verse imple- tales periodistas, y citando a los demás de mentada a partir de 1992. Desde entonces, manera indirecta y descontextualizada. el grueso de la producción sobre esta vasta Un caso más extremo de la misma falta es temática –básicamente la del periodismo el de quienes escriben con casi la más ab- investigativo local– ha dado pocas señales soluta prescindencia de la documentación de haberse servido del consecuente acreci- e historiografía, como si se pudiese lograr miento de la materia prima disponible. un texto de historia seria a puro artificio, La calidad de gran parte de esa produc- con asertos cuya validez está más allá del ción periodística revela, en todo caso, que aporte de evidencia firme en su apoyo. ella no ha abrevado demasiado en tan rica, Como posible justificación de tan limita- aún si incompleta, fuente. En rigor, tales do aprovechamiento de los registros dispo- escritos se produjeron mayormente con nibles, no escasean las alusiones a «miles y prescindencia de casi todo el material de miles de documentos» más, «guardados en archivos argentinos y extranjeros, como si inasibles archivos que nadie tiene interés estos papeles no existiesen o el acceso a en mostrar y que son difíciles de hallar»1. -
Racial Ideology Between Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany: Julius Evola and the Aryan Myth, 1933–43
Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette History Faculty Research and Publications History, Department of 7-1-2020 Racial Ideology between Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany: Julius Evola and the Aryan Myth, 1933–43 Peter Staudenmaier Follow this and additional works at: https://epublications.marquette.edu/hist_fac Part of the History Commons Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette History Faculty Research and Publications/College of Arts and Sciences This paper is NOT THE PUBLISHED VERSION. Access the published version via the link in the citation below. Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 55, No. 3 (July 1, 2020): 473-491. DOI. This article is © SAGE Publications and permission has been granted for this version to appear in e-Publications@Marquette. SAGE Publications does not grant permission for this article to be further copied/distributed or hosted elsewhere without express permission from SAGE Publications. Racial Ideology between Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany: Julius Evola and the Aryan Myth, 1933–43 Peter Staudenmaier Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI Abstract One of the troublesome factors in the Rome–Berlin Axis before and during the Second World War centered on disagreements over racial ideology and corresponding antisemitic policies. A common image sees Fascist Italy as a reluctant partner on racial matters, largely dominated by its more powerful Nazi ally. This article offers a contrasting assessment, tracing the efforts by Italian theorist Julius Evola to cultivate a closer rapport between Italian and German variants of racism as part of a campaign by committed antisemites to strengthen the bonds uniting the fascist and Nazi cause. Evola's spiritual form of racism, based on a distinctive interpretation of the Aryan myth, generated considerable controversy among fascist and Nazi officials alike. -
Tango Mortale
Tango mortale Eine Lange Nacht über Argentinien und die Schatten seiner Vergangenheit Autorin: Margot Litten Regie: die Autorin Redaktion: Dr. Monika Künzel SprecherInnen: Julia Fischer (Erzählerin) Christian Baumann Krista Posch Andreas Neumann Rahel Comtesse Sendetermine: 27. März 2021 Deutschlandfunk Kultur 27./28. März 2021 Deutschlandfunk __________________________________________________________________________ Urheberrechtlicher Hinweis: Dieses Manuskript ist urheberrechtlich geschützt und darf vom Empfänger ausschließlich zu rein privaten Zwecken genutzt werden. Jede Vervielfältigung, Verbreitung oder sonstige Nutzung, die über den in den §§ 45 bis 63 Urheberrechtsgesetz geregelten Umfang hinausgeht, ist unzulässig. © Deutschlandradio - unkorrigiertes Exemplar - insofern zutreffend. 1. Stunde Musik geht über in Atmo Menschenmenge vor Kongress Sprecher Eine wogene Menschenmenge vor dem Kongresspalast im Zentrum von Buenos Aires - Frauen mit grünen Halstüchern, dem Symbol ihres Kampfes für eine Legalisierung von Schwangerschaftsabbrüchen. Seit Jahren sorgt das Thema für heftige Debatten in dem katholisch geprägten Land. Nach zwölfstündiger Marathonsitzung stimmt der Senat tatsächlich für das Recht auf Abtreibung, obwohl sogar Papst Franziskus in letzter Minute per Twitter versucht hat, das Blatt zu wenden. Draußen brandet Jubel auf, die Frauen lachen, weinen, umarmen sich … ein historischer Tag, dieser 30. Dezember 2020. Eines der großen Tabus in Lateinamerika ist gebrochen. Atmo Menschenmenge nochmal kurz hoch / dann darüber: Auch -
Pasado Mañana Se Reinician En San Rafael Los Juicios Por Crímenes De Lesa Humanidad
Año 5 Nro. 272 $ 3 Malargüe, Mendoza, Argentina, Sábado 27 de diciembre de 2014 www.sinpelos2011.wordpress.com Dirección electrónica: [email protected] Pasado mañana se reinician en San Rafael los juicios por crímenes de lesa humanidad Los cursos El INADI pidió al Concejo Deliberan- te, a la DGE y al Instituto del Verbo de DDHH co- Encarnado que retire las imágines re- menzaran en ligiosas en los espacios públicos. No Malargüe el se pueden rezar oracio- nes católicas en las es- 18 de abril cuelas públicas y el cura Pato Gómez no puede dar misa en la escuela de Bardas Blancas FE de ERRATAS: en nuestro número anterior metimos la pata con las fechas de SPELL. Pedimos disculpas e informamos que nos tomamos un descanso y que nuestro próximo número verá la luz el sábado 17 de enero, con un informe completo sobre los juicios por crímenes de lesa humanidad en San Rafael Los temas de esta semana Este lunes comienzan los juicios en San Rafael y la APDH se perfila como factor de poder de militancia social (pág. 2); Nuevos links a los DDHH (pág. 2); Nuevo dictamen del INADI a favor del laicismo (pág. 3); Ya tienen fecha los cursos 2015 de la APDH (pág. 3); Carlos Raimundi expli- ca por qué los juicios no deben caerse (pág. 4); ODESSA y el Instituto del Verbo Encarnado (pág. 5); Un miembro del IVE es hijo de un represor sanjuanino prófugo (pág. 7); La concejal Martínez nos informó de sus proyectos (pág. 7); GREENPEACE logró parar los desmontes (pág. -
Il Gotteskampf Di Johann Von Leers
AAARGH REPRINTS Giugno 2008 [email protected] Il Gotteskampf di Johann von Leers Claudio Mutti PRIMA PARTE Sol Invictus E queste Rocce, lo sapevo, erano state il centro dei riti solari germanici in un tempo immemorabile. (…) Qui, più di quattromila anni fa, i saggi e le guide spirituali delle tribù germaniche (…) si riunivano per salutare il primo levarsi del Sole nel giorno sacro di giugno. Savitri Devi, Pilgrimage, Calcutta 1958. Se dovessimo credere a certi cacciatori di nazisti alla disperata ricerca di “criminali di guerra”, il prof. dr. Johann von Leers sarebbe oggi, nell’anno 2004 dell’era volgare, ancor vivo e vegeto (1). E avrebbe la veneranda età di centodue anni. In realtà, il professor von Leers morì nel 1965, a sessantatré anni. 1 Secondo un certo Luigi Vianelli, infatti, Johann von Leers complotta con empi negatori dell’Olocausto quali il prof. Faurisson e Ahmed Rami: „(Ahmed) Rami è amico personale di Faurisson, nonché di Johannes von Leers“ (Luigi Vianelli, I negazionisti geopolitici, www.Olokaustos.org). Anche Jorge Camarasa, consulente del Centro Simon Wiesenthal e, cosa significativa, scrittore di fantapolitica, fa vivere von Leers oltre il 1965, ma… con juicio: “Al Cairo – scrive infatti costui – von Leers condusse fino alla fine degli anni Sessanta un programma radiofonico, La voce degli arabi, che veniva trasmesso prima e dopo le orazioni rituali” (Jorge Camarasa, Organizzazione Odessa. Dossier sui nazisti rifugiati in Argentina, Mursia, Milano 1998, p. 97). Più prudentemente, un altro autore osserva: “Naturalmente è possibile si trattasse di trasmissioni registrate oppure di repliche” (Umberto Barbisan, Sulle tracce dell’Odessa. Mito o enigma del Novecento?, Tecnologos, Mantova 2002, p. -
The Survivor's Hunt for Nazi Fugitives in Brazil: The
THE SURVIVOR’S HUNT FOR NAZI FUGITIVES IN BRAZIL: THE CASES OF FRANZ STANGL AND GUSTAV WAGNER IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE by Kyle Leland McLain A thesis submitted to the faculty of The University of North Carolina at Charlotte in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History Charlotte 2016 Approved by: ______________________________ Dr. Heather Perry ______________________________ Dr. Jürgen Buchenau ______________________________ Dr. John Cox ii ©2016 Kyle Leland McLain ALL RIGHTS RESERVED iii ABSTRACT KYLE LELAND MCLAIN. The survivor’s hunt for Nazi fugitives in Brazil: the cases of Franz Stangl and Gustav Wagner in the context of international justice (Under the direction of DR. HEATHER PERRY) On April 23, 1978, Brazilian authorities arrested Gustav Wagner, a former Nazi internationally wanted for his crimes committed during the Holocaust. Despite a confirming witness and petitions from West Germany, Israel, Poland and Austria, the Brazilian Supreme Court blocked Wagner’s extradition and released him in 1979. Earlier in 1967, Brazil extradited Wagner’s former commanding officer, Franz Stangl, who stood trial in West Germany, was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment. These two particular cases present a paradox in the international hunt to bring Nazi war criminals to justice. They both had almost identical experiences during the war and their escape, yet opposite outcomes once arrested. Trials against war criminals, particularly in West Germany, yielded some successes, but many resulted in acquittals or light sentences. Some Jewish survivors sought extrajudicial means to see that Holocaust perpetrators received their due justice. Some resorted to violence, such as vigilante justice carried out by “Jewish vengeance squads.” In other cases, private survivor and Jewish organizations collaborated to acquire information, lobby diplomatic representatives and draw public attention to the fact that many Nazi war criminals were still at large.