La Huida De Los Nazis-Odessa
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Paul Touvier and the Crime Against Humanity'
Paul Touvier and the Crime Against Humanity' MICHAEL E. TIGARt SUSAN C. CASEYtt ISABELLE GIORDANItM SIVAKUMAREN MARDEMOOTOOt Hi SUMMARY I. INTRODUCTION ............................................... 286 II. VICHY FRANCE: THE BACKGROUND ................................ 286 III. TOUVIER'S ROLE IN VICHY FRANCE ................................ 288 IV. THE CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY ................................. 291 A The August 1945 Charter ................................... 291 B. The French Penal Code .................................... 293 C. The Barbie Case: Too Clever by Half ........................... 294 V. THE TouviER LITIGATION ....................................... 296 A The Events SurroundingTouvier's Captureand the PretrialLegal Battle ... 296 B. Touvier's Day in Court ..................................... 299 VI. LEGAL ANALYSIS: THE STATE AGENCY DILEMMA.. ...................... 304 VII. CONCLUSION ............................................... 309 " The idea for this essay began at a discussion of the Touvier trial with Professor Tigar's students at the Facut de Droit at Aix-en-Provence, with the assistance of Professor Andr6 Baldous. Ms. Casey provided further impetus for it by her research assistance on international human rights issues, and continued with research and editorial work as the essay developed. Ms. Giordani researched French law and procedure and obtained original sources. Mr. Mardemootoo worked on further research and assisted in formulating the issues. The translations of most French materials were initially done by Professor Tigar and reviewed by Ms. Giordani and Mr. Mardemootoo. As we were working on the project, the Texas InternationalLaw Journaleditors told us of Ms. Finkelstein's article, and we decided to turn our effort into a complementary piece that drew some slightly different conclusions. if Professor of Law and holder of the Joseph D. Jamail Centennial Chair in Law, The University of Texas School of Law. J# J.D. -
Pius XII on Trial
The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Honors College 5-2014 Pius XII on Trial Katherine M. Campbell University of Maine - Main, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors Part of the Anthropology Commons, and the History Commons Recommended Citation Campbell, Katherine M., "Pius XII on Trial" (2014). Honors College. 159. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors/159 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors College by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PIUS XII ON TRIAL by Katherine M. Campbell A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for a Degree with Honors (Anthropology and Political Science) The Honors College University of Maine May 2014 Advisory Committee: Henry Munson, Professor of Anthropology Alexander Grab, Professor of History Mark D. Brewer, Associate Professor of Political Science Richard J. Powell, Associate Professor of Political Science, Leadership Studies Sol Goldman, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Political Science Copyright 2014 Katherine M. Campbell Abstract: Scholars have debated Pope Pius XII’s role in the Holocaust since the 1960s. Did he do everything he could and should have done to save Jews? His critics say no because of antisemitism rooted in the traditional Catholic views. His defenders say yes and deny that he was an antisemite. In my thesis, I shall assess the arguments on both sides in terms of the available evidence. I shall focus both on what Pius XII did do and what he did not do and on the degree to which he can be held responsible for the actions of low-level clergy. -
Learning from the Aftermath of the Holocaust G
Learning From The Aftermath Of The Holocaust G. Short, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom International Journal of Historical Learning, Teaching and Research [IJHLTR], Volume 14, Number 2 – Spring/Summer 2017 Historical Association of Great Britain www.history.org.uk ISSN: 14472-9474 Abstract: In this article I seek to encourage those involved in Holocaust education in schools to engage not just with the Holocaust but also with its aftermath. I conceptualise the latter in terms of two questions; namely, what happened to those Jews who survived the Nazi onslaught and what became of the perpetrators? British researchers in the field of Holocaust education have largely ignored these questions, discovering only that many schools ignore them too. I argue that students are able to benefit in a number of ways from learning about the aftermath of the Holocaust, for the topic provides a sense of closure, allows for a more sophisticated understanding of the fate of European Jewry between 1933 and 1945 and also has the potential to promote responsible citizenship. Keywords: Citizenship, Curriculum, Holocaust Aftermath, Learning, Teaching INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL LEARNING, TEACHING AND RESEARCH Vol. 14.2 LEARNING FROM THE AFTERMATH OF THE HOLOCAUST G. Short, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom Abstract: In this article I seek to encourage those involved in Holocaust education in schools to engage not just with the Holocaust but also with its aftermath. I conceptualise the latter in terms of two questions; namely, what happened to those Jews who survived the Nazi onslaught and what became of the perpetrators? British researchers in the field of Holocaust education have largely ignored these questions, discovering only that many schools ignore them too. -
Building an Unwanted Nation: the Anglo-American Partnership and Austrian Proponents of a Separate Nationhood, 1918-1934
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Carolina Digital Repository BUILDING AN UNWANTED NATION: THE ANGLO-AMERICAN PARTNERSHIP AND AUSTRIAN PROPONENTS OF A SEPARATE NATIONHOOD, 1918-1934 Kevin Mason A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of PhD in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2007 Approved by: Advisor: Dr. Christopher Browning Reader: Dr. Konrad Jarausch Reader: Dr. Lloyd Kramer Reader: Dr. Michael Hunt Reader: Dr. Terence McIntosh ©2007 Kevin Mason ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Kevin Mason: Building an Unwanted Nation: The Anglo-American Partnership and Austrian Proponents of a Separate Nationhood, 1918-1934 (Under the direction of Dr. Christopher Browning) This project focuses on American and British economic, diplomatic, and cultural ties with Austria, and particularly with internal proponents of Austrian independence. Primarily through loans to build up the economy and diplomatic pressure, the United States and Great Britain helped to maintain an independent Austrian state and prevent an Anschluss or union with Germany from 1918 to 1934. In addition, this study examines the minority of Austrians who opposed an Anschluss . The three main groups of Austrians that supported independence were the Christian Social Party, monarchists, and some industries and industrialists. These Austrian nationalists cooperated with the Americans and British in sustaining an unwilling Austrian nation. Ultimately, the global depression weakened American and British capacity to practice dollar and pound diplomacy, and the popular appeal of Hitler combined with Nazi Germany’s aggression led to the realization of the Anschluss . -
Despite All Odds, They Survived, Persisted — and Thrived Despite All Odds, They Survived, Persisted — and Thrived
The Hidden® Child VOL. XXVII 2019 PUBLISHED BY HIDDEN CHILD FOUNDATION /ADL DESPITE ALL ODDS, THEY SURVIVED, PERSISTED — AND THRIVED DESPITE ALL ODDS, THEY SURVIVED, PERSISTED — AND THRIVED FROM HUNTED ESCAPEE TO FEARFUL REFUGEE: POLAND, 1935-1946 Anna Rabkin hen the mass slaughter of Jews ended, the remnants’ sole desire was to go 3 back to ‘normalcy.’ Children yearned for the return of their parents and their previous family life. For most child survivors, this wasn’t to be. As WEva Fogelman says, “Liberation was not an exhilarating moment. To learn that one is all alone in the world is to move from one nightmarish world to another.” A MISCHLING’S STORY Anna Rabkin writes, “After years of living with fear and deprivation, what did I imagine Maren Friedman peace would bring? Foremost, I hoped it would mean the end of hunger and a return to 9 school. Although I clutched at the hope that our parents would return, the fatalistic per- son I had become knew deep down it was improbable.” Maren Friedman, a mischling who lived openly with her sister and Jewish mother in wartime Germany states, “My father, who had been captured by the Russians and been a prisoner of war in Siberia, MY LIFE returned to Kiel in 1949. I had yearned for his return and had the fantasy that now that Rivka Pardes Bimbaum the war was over and he was home, all would be well. That was not the way it turned out.” Rebecca Birnbaum had both her parents by war’s end. She was able to return to 12 school one month after the liberation of Brussels, and to this day, she considers herself among the luckiest of all hidden children. -
The US-Army Entering Rome on June 4Th 1944
514 The US-Army entering Rome on June 4th 1944 “Tomorrow John Kitterer will play”: The SOE Operation Duval 515 Peter Pirker “Tomorrow John Kitterer will play” The SOE Operation Duval and the Mauthausen Survivors Josef Hemetsberger and Hans Prager1 When the US and British Armies marched into Rome on June 4, 1944 there was finally an opportunity for two deserters of the German Wehrmacht to come out of hiding respectively leave their precarious situation with the partisans behind and act openly: Josef Hemets- berger, then 23 years old, and Hans Prager, then 18 years old, went to the house of the former Austrian embassy in Rome without knowing of each other. Prager was responding to a newspaper announcement which encouraged all Austrians in Rome to take this step; Hemetsberger followed a long harboured wish to join an Austrian legion which was, ac- cording to rumours at home, led by the former Heimwehrführer (Home Guard leader) Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg and would fight for the reinstallation of an independent Austria on the sides of the Allied Forces. Both were considerably surprised when they were met by American soldiers and taken into custody. Until recently, the building in the Via Perigolesi had been the re- gional headquarters of the foreign NSDAP. Two days after the liberation of Rome the building was occupied by a group of Aus- trians, among them Bishop Hudal and the last Austrian ambassa- dor in Italy and former foreign minister in the Schuschnigg government, Egon Berger-Waldenegg. They flagged the building with the red and white Austrian flag and the banner “Es lebe das freie und alliierte Österreich” (Long live the free and allied Austria).2 At the same time rumours were spread that the Allied Forces were already Bishop Alois Hudal envisaging Berger-Waldenegg as head of a future Austrian gov- ernment.3 After a couple of days, the Allied military police cleared the building after pro- tests from left-wing and middle-class exile organisations in Great Britain and the USA and harsh criticism of the British press. -
Klaus Barbie Pre-Trial Records
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt509nf111 No online items Inventory of the Klaus Barbie pre-trial records Finding aid prepared by Josh Giglio. Hoover Institution Archives 434 Galvez Mall Stanford University Stanford, CA, 94305-6010 (650) 723-3563 [email protected] © 2008, 2014 Inventory of the Klaus Barbie 95008 1 pre-trial records Title: Klaus Barbie pre-trial records Date (inclusive): 1943-1985 Collection Number: 95008 Contributing Institution: Hoover Institution Archives Language of the Materials : In French and German. Physical Description: 8 manuscript boxes(3.2 linear feet) Abstract: Trial instruction, including depositions and exhibits, in the case of Klaus Barbie before the Tribunal de grande instance de Lyon, relating to German war crimes in France during World War II. Photocopy. Physical Location: Hoover Institution Archives Creator: Barbie, Klaus, 1913- , defendant. Access Collection is open for research. The Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to copies of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible. Publication Rights For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives. Acquisition Information Acquired by the Hoover Institution Archives in 1995. Accruals Materials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at http://searchworks.stanford.edu/ . -
[email protected] Vichy, Crimes Against Humanity
Henry Rousso Institut d’histoire du temps présent (CNRS, Paris) [email protected] Vichy, Crimes against Humanity, and the Trials for Memory Department of French-Italian, Department of History The University of Texas at Austin Lecture given at 9/11/2003 I would like to begin this talk about the way France coped with its past by making some general statements. Why it may be interesting to study the Vichy legacy, except of course if you are impassionned by French History? Why the history of the memory of the “Dark Years”, the years of the Nazi Occupation, may have some interest for other periods or other situations, in contemporary history? Why to study preciseley how the representations of the past or the behaviour towards the past has evolved from 1944, the Liberation, to the present days, may have a universal meaning ? We can propose several answers : - We may learn a lot in studying the “Dark years” because it’s a period in which a great power, the second world power at that time in terms of political and economic influence, collapsed in six weeks, after a brutal and unexpected agression against its territory. The panic of the defeat, the disarray coming from the vanishing of the State and of other authorities, led to a strong support for a dictatorship, the Vichy Regime, which abolished most of the political rights. The new regime, using the fear of most of the population, declared that France was no more a Republic, and that she had a lot of ennemies : not the Nazi Occupiers, but the Jews, the Foreigners, the Free- Masons, all kind of opponents: in short, for Vichy, one of the result of the defeat, ennemies were at home. -
Hunt for Nazis
NIOD STUDIES ON WAR, HOLOCAUST, AND GENOCIDE Stahl Hunt for Nazis Hunt Daniel Stahl Hunt for Nazis South America’s Dictatorships and the Prosecution of Nazi Crimes Hunt for Nazis NIOD Studies on War, Holocaust, and Genocide NIOD Studies on War, Holocaust, and Genocide is an English-language series with peer-reviewed scholarly work on the impact of war, the Holocaust, and genocide on twentieth-century and contemporary societies, covering a broad range of historical approaches in a global context, and from diverse disciplinary perspectives. Series Editors Karel Berkhoff, NIOD Thijs Bouwknegt, NIOD Peter Keppy, NIOD Ingrid de Zwarte, NIOD and University of Amsterdam Advisory Board Frank Bajohr, Center for Holocaust Studies, Munich Joan Beaumont, Australian National University Bruno De Wever, Ghent University William H. Frederick, Ohio University Susan R. Grayzel, The University of Mississippi Wendy Lower, Claremont McKenna College Hunt for Nazis South America’s Dictatorships and the Prosecution of Nazi Crimes Daniel Stahl Amsterdam University Press Hunt for Nazis. South America’s Dictatorships and the Prosecution of Nazi Crimes is a translation of Daniel Stahl: Nazi-Jagd. Südamerikas Diktaturen und die Ahndung von NS-Verbrechen Original publication: © Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2013 Translation: Jefferson Chase Cover illustration: Beate Klarsfeld protesting in 1984/85 in front of the Paraguayan Court. The banner reads “Stroessner you are lying if you say that you don’t know were SS Mengele is.” Cover design: Coördesign, Leiden Typesetting: Crius Group, Hulshout isbn 978 94 6298 521 6 e-isbn 978 90 4853 624 5 (pdf) doi 10.5117/9789462985216 nur 689 © English edition: Daniel Stahl / Amsterdam University Press B.V., Amsterdam 2018 All rights reserved. -
Dossier Pédagogique
Dossier pédagogique 1 Lettre de Rolande Causse pour soutenir la représentation théâtrale de l’album « Ita- Rose » : ITA ROSE ou L'histoire d'une famille victime de la grande Histoire... L'Histoire de la seconde guerre mondiale doit être connue par tous et fait partie de notre patrimoine. Elle structure la pensée des enfants et des jeunes et leur donne des points d'appui, des références. Qu'y a-t-il de mieux qu'un spectacle pour montrer cette réalité du passé ? Cette famille juive a vécu, dans de dures conditions, onze mois dans les camps français, Nexon, Gurs, Rivesaltes. En octobre 43, le père a été arrêté, torturé et tué de dix-sept balles par Klaus Barbie. Léon, le fils aîné, est aussi déporté et meurt rapidement au camp d'Auschwitz. Les deux petites filles d'Ita Rose, Mina et Claudine, semblaient protégées dans le foyer d'Izieu mais elles seront arrêtées, déportées avec les quarante- deux autres enfants d'Izieu et assassinées à Auschwitz- Birkenau. Puis, véritable Mère-Courage, Ita Rose, âgée de soixante-neuf ans, accompagnera Beate Klarsfeld à La Paz en Bolivie afin de dénoncer Klaus Barbie, le chef de la Gestapo, bourreau de Lyon, vivant là sous un faux nom. Enfin, elle assistera à son procès et accusera celui qui a tué son mari et est responsable de la mort de trois de ses enfants. Cette histoire est le symbole de ce qui est arrivé à de nombreuses autres familles juives. Et cette pièce de théâtre inscrit ce récit dans la Grande Histoire. 2 La voyant, les jeunes spectateurs ressentiront des émotions fortes qui laisseront des traces inscrites au plus profond d'eux- mêmes. -
Dos Décadas Han Trascurrido Desde El Inicio De Un Acceso
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CONICET Digital Nazis Y charlatanes en Argentina. ACERCA DE Mitos E historia TERGIVersada IGNACIO KLICH (Universidad de Buenos Aires) CRISTIAN BUCHRUCKER (CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo) Dos décadas han trascurrido desde el currido ocasional y selectivamente a una inicio de un acceso más fluido a la docu- cantidad insignificante de documentos, mentación sobre los nazis acumulada en priorizando hallazgos personales de difícil distintos repositorios argentinos. Si bien consulta por terceros, salvo para quienes tardía, esta medida propicia, primero efec- se den por satisfechos con las copias facsi- tivizada no más que apenas, luego con milares ocasionalmente reproducidas por mayor amplitud, comenzó a verse imple- tales periodistas, y citando a los demás de mentada a partir de 1992. Desde entonces, manera indirecta y descontextualizada. el grueso de la producción sobre esta vasta Un caso más extremo de la misma falta es temática –básicamente la del periodismo el de quienes escriben con casi la más ab- investigativo local– ha dado pocas señales soluta prescindencia de la documentación de haberse servido del consecuente acreci- e historiografía, como si se pudiese lograr miento de la materia prima disponible. un texto de historia seria a puro artificio, La calidad de gran parte de esa produc- con asertos cuya validez está más allá del ción periodística revela, en todo caso, que aporte de evidencia firme en su apoyo. ella no ha abrevado demasiado en tan rica, Como posible justificación de tan limita- aún si incompleta, fuente. En rigor, tales do aprovechamiento de los registros dispo- escritos se produjeron mayormente con nibles, no escasean las alusiones a «miles y prescindencia de casi todo el material de miles de documentos» más, «guardados en archivos argentinos y extranjeros, como si inasibles archivos que nadie tiene interés estos papeles no existiesen o el acceso a en mostrar y que son difíciles de hallar»1. -
Tango Mortale
Tango mortale Eine Lange Nacht über Argentinien und die Schatten seiner Vergangenheit Autorin: Margot Litten Regie: die Autorin Redaktion: Dr. Monika Künzel SprecherInnen: Julia Fischer (Erzählerin) Christian Baumann Krista Posch Andreas Neumann Rahel Comtesse Sendetermine: 27. März 2021 Deutschlandfunk Kultur 27./28. März 2021 Deutschlandfunk __________________________________________________________________________ Urheberrechtlicher Hinweis: Dieses Manuskript ist urheberrechtlich geschützt und darf vom Empfänger ausschließlich zu rein privaten Zwecken genutzt werden. Jede Vervielfältigung, Verbreitung oder sonstige Nutzung, die über den in den §§ 45 bis 63 Urheberrechtsgesetz geregelten Umfang hinausgeht, ist unzulässig. © Deutschlandradio - unkorrigiertes Exemplar - insofern zutreffend. 1. Stunde Musik geht über in Atmo Menschenmenge vor Kongress Sprecher Eine wogene Menschenmenge vor dem Kongresspalast im Zentrum von Buenos Aires - Frauen mit grünen Halstüchern, dem Symbol ihres Kampfes für eine Legalisierung von Schwangerschaftsabbrüchen. Seit Jahren sorgt das Thema für heftige Debatten in dem katholisch geprägten Land. Nach zwölfstündiger Marathonsitzung stimmt der Senat tatsächlich für das Recht auf Abtreibung, obwohl sogar Papst Franziskus in letzter Minute per Twitter versucht hat, das Blatt zu wenden. Draußen brandet Jubel auf, die Frauen lachen, weinen, umarmen sich … ein historischer Tag, dieser 30. Dezember 2020. Eines der großen Tabus in Lateinamerika ist gebrochen. Atmo Menschenmenge nochmal kurz hoch / dann darüber: Auch