NASA/SP--2000-7501/SUPPL5
NASA THESAURUS SUPPLEMENT
A three-part cumulative update of the 1998 edition of the NASA Thesaurus
July 2000 The NASA STI Program Office... in Profile
Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected to the advancement of aeronautics and space papers from scientific and technical science. The NASA Scientific and Technical conferences, symposia, seminars, or other Information (STI) Program Office plays a key meetings sponsored or cosponsored by NASA. part in helping NASA maintain this important role. SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, technical, or historical information from The NASA STI Program Office is operated by NASA programs, projects, and missions, Langley Research Center, the lead center for often concerned with subjects having NASA's scientific and technical information. substantial public interest. The NASA STI Program Office provides access to the NASA STI Database, the largest collection TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. of aeronautical and space science STI in the English-language translations of foreign world. The Program Office is also NASA's scientific and technical material pertinent to institutional mechanism for disseminating the NASA's mission. results of its research and development activities. These results are published by NASA in the Specialized services that complement the STI NASA STI Report Series, which includes the Program Office's diverse offerings include following report types: creating custom thesauri, building customized databases, organizing and publishing research TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of results.., even providing videos. completed research or a major significant phase of research that present the results of For more information about the NASA STI NASA programs and include extensive data or Program Office, see the following: theoretical analysis. Includes compilations of significant scientific and technical data and • Access the NASA STI Program Home Page at information deemed to be of continuing http://www.sti.nasa.gov reference value. NASA's counterpart of peer- reviewed formal professional papers but has • E-mail your question via the Internet to less stringent limitations on manuscript length [email protected] and extent of graphic presentations. • Fax your question to the NASA STI Help TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM. Scientific Desk at (301) 621-0134 and technical findings that are preliminary or of specialized interest, e.g., quick release • Telephone the NASA STI Help Desk at reports, working papers, and bibliographies (301) 621-0390 that contain minimal annotation. Does not Write to: contain extensive analysis. NASA STI Help Desk CONTRACTOR REPORT. Scientific and NASA Center for AeroSpace Information 7121 Standard Drive technical findings by NASA-sponsored contractors and grantees. Hanover, MD 21076-1320 NASA/SP--2000-7501/SUPPL5
NASA THESAURUS SUPPLEMENT
A three-part cumulative update of the 1998 edition of the NASA Thesaurus
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
July 2000 Available from:
NASA Center for AeroSpace Information 7121 Standard Drive Hanover, MD 21076-1320 Table of Contents
Part I Hierarei{_{eai List_r_g ...... 1
A listing of new NASA Thesaurus terms and their hierarchies, supplementing the NASA Thesaurus Hierarchical Listing With Definitions.
Part 2 R_}_a_e_ Term Display ...... H
A listing of the postable and nonpostable terms found in Part 1, arranged in a KWlC (key-word-in-context) index.
Part 3
A list of deletions or changes to postable terms.
iii
Introduction
This Supplement is a cumulative update to the 1998 edition of the NASA Thesaurus (NASA/SP--1998-7501). The update includes all new terms and associated hierarchies added between the cut-off for the 1998 edition (December 1997) through June 30, 2000. Parts 1 and 2 of this Supplement correspond to Volumes 1 and 2 of the printed edition of the NASA Thesaurus. Supplements are normally published every six months.
Part 1 (Hierarchical Listing) contains the full hierarchical structure for each new term along with all new cross references and term definitions.
Display elements comprising the hierarchical listing are as follows:
Display Element Notation Generic Structure ...... GS Related Term ...... RT Use ...... USE Use For ...... UF Scope Note ...... SN Definition ...... DEF Array Terms ...... oo
For a fuller explanation, see the Introduction (pages viii-xi) in the printed version of the 1998 NASA Thesaurus, Volume 1.
Part 2 (Rotated Term Display) is a ready reference tool which provides additional 'access points' to the thesaurus terminology. It contains the postable terms and nonpostable cross references found in the Hierarchical Listing (Part 1) arranged in a KWIC (key-word-in-context) index.
Part 3 (Changes) is a listing of deletions or changes to postable terms or USE references made since the 1998 edition of the NASA Thesaurus. To control the size of the Supplement, only significant changes in term hierar- chies and related term lists are presented.
NOTE: Other resources and products related to the NASA Thesaurus can be found at the following URL: http://www.sti.nasa.gov/thesfrml.htm.
In addition to the above mentioned resources, a thesaurus listserv has been set up for submitting candidate terms and discussion of related lexicographical issues. A listing of candidate and accepted new terms is posted monthly. To subscribe to this listserv, send an e-mail message to [email protected]. Leave the subject line blank and in the message section, type SUBSCRIBE THESAURUS-L
Comments and suggestions regarding the NASA Thesaurus should be directed to:
Lexicographer E-mail: help@ sti.nasa.gov NASA Center for AeroSpace Information Fax: (301) 621_)134 7121 Standard Drive Telephone: (301) 621_)114 Hanover, MD 21076-1320
NASA THESAURUS SUPPLEMENT
PART 1 HIERARCHICAL LISTING
A AMS (spectrometer) content-addressable memory USE Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer GS memory (computers) • associative memory anisoplanatism RT associative processing (computers) ACE satellite (added May 1999) computer storage devices USE Advanced Composition Explorer DEF In adaptive optics (AO) systems, a neural nets performance-_deg rading effect that arises optical memory (data storage) Advanced Composition Explorer whenever light from the wave-front sensor beacon (added December 1999) and light from the target object sample different associative storage DEF Explorer spacecraft (launched August volumes of optical turbulence. This effect results USE associative memory 25, 1997) carrying six high-resolution sensors and in an increased value of the aperture-averaged three monitoring instruments for sampling residual phase variance after AO compensation, automatic indexing low-energy particles of solar origin and which causes an exponential decrease in system USE indexing (information science) high-energy galactic particles. From a vantage performance. point approximately 1/100 of the distance from the RT aberration bevel gears Earth to the Sun, the Advanced Composition adaptive optics (added May 1999) Explorer (ACE) can perform measurements over atmospheric correction GS gears a wide range of energy and nuclear mass, under atmospheric optics • bevel gears all solar wind flow conditions and during both large image resolution • . spiral bevel gears and small particle events including solar flares• optical correction procedure RT gear teeth When reporting space weather ACE can provide phase error biomass burning an advance warning of geomagnetic storms• telescopes UF ACE satellite (added December 1999) GS artificial satellites antenna gain DEF Burning of vegetation in forests, • scientific satellites (added June 1998) grasslands, and agricultural lands usually carried out to clear the land and change its use; a • . Explorer satellites GS amplification • . . Advanced Composition Explorer • antenna gain significant contributor to the global budgets of RT energetic particles RT antennas many radiatively and chemically active gases and galactic cosmic rays automatic gain control particulates in the atmosphere• GS combustion interplanetary medium directional antennas solar corpuscular radiation effectiveness • biomass burning solar cosmic rays high gain RT air pollution solar wind signal reception climate change space weather combustion products antiphase boundaries contaminants aeroshells (added March 1998) deforestation (added May 1999) UF antiphase domains environment pollution DEF Aerodynamic structural shells that attach APB (materials) forest fires GS boundaries to, or comprise a portion of, the exterior of an man environment interactions aerospace vehicle or space probe; especially such • antiphase boundaries smoke structures that support atmospheric entry, RT binary alloys aerobraking, aeroassist, or hypersonic flight. crystal dislocations Biot_Savart law GS aerodynamic configurations crystal lattices (added August 1998) • aeroshells crystal structure DEF Law describing the intensity of a RT aeromaneuvering grain boundaries magnetic field produced by a current carrying wire. nose cones interracial energy Also applied in fluid dynamics to describe the intermetallics reentry vehicles flow-velocity field induced by a vortex. microstructure GS laws spacecraft design order_disorder transformations • Biot-Savart law spacecraft shielding spacecraft structures solid solutions RT electromagnetism solid-solid interfaces flow velocity Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer superlattices magnetic fields (added June 1998) ternary alloys Maxwell equation UF AMS (spectrometer) vortices antiphase domains GS measuring instruments USE antiphase boundaries • spectrometers Boeing 717 aircraft (added October 1998) • . Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer APB (materials) RT antimatter GS Boeing aircraft USE antiphase boundaries Cerenkov counters • Boeing 717 aircraft commercial aircraft cosmic rays archaeomagnetism dark matter USE paleomagnetism • Boeing 717 aircraft International Space Station jet aircraft interstellar matter associative memory • turbofan aircraft magnetic spectroscopy (added December 1999) • . Boeing 717 aircraft space station payloads DEF A method or device for data storage in monoplanes spaceborne astronomy which data is identified by a par_ or properties of • Boeing 717 aircraft its content, rather than by an address or relative passenger aircraft AM-1 (EOS) spacecraft position. • Boeing 717 aircraft USE Terra spacecraft UF associative storage transport aircraft bohrium
• Boeing 717 aircraft chain reactions (nuclear physics) Cooper-Harper ratings RTco aircraft (added May 1999) (added August 1999) GS nuclear reactions GS flight characteristics bohrium • nuclear fission • pilot ratings (added May 1998) • . chain reactions (nuclear physics) • . Cooper-Harper ratings GS chemical elements RT fission products ratings • bohrium neutrons • pilot ratings RT hassium • . Cooper-Harper ratings seaborgium Chandra X Ray Astrophysics Facility RT aircraft performance USE X Ray Astrophysics Facility helicopter performance Bond number corrugated waveguides (added December 1999) clamped structures (added February 1998) DEF Dimensionless number representing the (added February 1998) GS waveguides ratio between gravitational force and the surface RT beams (supports) tension of a bubble, drop, or meniscus• clamps • corrugated waveguides GS dimensionless numbers composite structures RT gratings (spectra) • Bond number joints (junctions) optical waveguides waveguide antennas RT drops (liquids) laminates gravitational effects plates (structural members) cosmions interfacial tension shells (structural forms) menisci structural members USE weakly interacting massive particles structural vibration cost benefit analysis co structures carrier sense multiple access USE cost analysis (added April 2000) cost effectiveness DEF A data transmission protocol for cloud-to-cloud discharges multi-access networks where each node in the (added August 1999) critical current network senses traffic and waits for it to clear GS electric current (added December 1999) before transmitting; if two or more nodes transmit • electric discharges DEF A current value in a superconductive simultaneously, they wait a random interval before .. lightning material, at a particular constant temperature and attempting to re-transmit. • . . cloud-to-cloud discharges in the absence of a magnetic field, below which GS protocol (computers) the material is superconducting and above which • carrier sense multiple access cloud-to_Jround discharges the material behaves normally• telecommunication (added August 1999) GS electric current • multiple access GS electric current • critical current • . carrier sense multiple access • electric discharges RT critical temperature transmission .. lightning current density • signal transmission • . . cloud-to-ground discharges superconductivity • . data transmission RT elves superconductors (materials) • . . multiple access sprites (atmospheric physics) .... carrier sense multiple access cuprates RT communication networks cochannel interference (added April 1999) computer networks (added April 2000) GS copper compounds Ethernet DEF Interference caused by multiple, • cuprates local area networks simultaneous transmissions occurring in the same RT BSCCO superconductors packet transmission communication channel. copper oxides GS electromagnetic interference YBCO superconductors cascode devices • radio frequency interference cycloaddition (added August 1998) • . cochannel interference (added June 1998) DEF Amplifier devices consisting of a RT channel capacity DEF Pericyclic chemical reaction in which common grounded-emitter (cathode) or source channel noise unsaturated molecules combine to form a cyclic stage that drives a grounded-base output stage, intersymbolic interference compound under the influence of heat or light. resulting in high-impedance, high_jain, and phase shift keying GS chemical reactions low-noise, • cycloaddition GS amplifiers Comet Nucleus Tour • . Diels-Alder reactions • cascode devices (added February 1999) RT cyclic compounds electronic equipment DEF A NASA Discovery-class mission to photochemical reactions • solid state devices acquire imagery and comparative spectral maps of polymerization • . semiconductor devices comet nuclei and analyze comet dust flows• The synthesis (chemistry) • . . cascode devices mission spacecraft will fly to within 100 kilometers RT CMOS of at least three near-Earth comets including Darkstar unmanned aerial vehicle field effect transistors Comet Encke, Comet Schwassmann-Wachmann, USE pilotless aircraft high electron mobility transistors and Comet d'Arrest. reconnaissance aircraft switching circuits UF CONTOUR (mission) transistor amplifiers GS space missions data mining transistor circuits • flyby missions (added April 2000) transistors • . Comet Nucleus Tour DEF The extraction of patterns from large RT comet nuclei data sets in order to discover previously unknown cellular manufacturing Encke comet and potentially useful information• USE group technology (manufacturing) Schwassmann-Wachmann comet UF knowledge discovery swingby technique knowledge extraction chain reactions (chemistry) GS data processing (added May 1999) content-addressable memory • data mining GS chemical reactions USE associative memory information analysis • chain reactions (chemistry) • data mining RT chemical lasers CONTOUR (mission) RT cluster analysis combustion chemistry USE Comet Nucleus Tour data retrieval enantiomers
machine learning zero sum games electronic structure trend analysis (added April 1999) digital cameras SN (THE TERM "ATOMIC STRUCTURE" WAS Deep Space 1 Mission (added July 1998) USED FOR THIS CONCEPT PRIOR TO (added October 1998) MAY 1999) GS optical equipment RT atomic structure DEF First of several technology demonstra- • cameras band structure of solids tion missions supporting the NASA New Millen- • . digital cameras nium Program• Advanced technologies include an electron energy photographic equipment electron orbitals ion propulsion system, solar concentrator arrays, • cameras electron states autonomous navigation and control systems, an • . digital cameras energy bands integrated camera and imaging spectrometer, and RT CCD cameras energy gaps (solid state) several telecommunications and microelectronics digital systems energy levels devices• The mission plan includes a flyby of digital techniques Fermi liquids Asteroid 1992 KD. photogrammetry UF DS1 (space mission) television cameras electrosynthesis GS space missions video equipment USE electrochemical synthesis • Deep Space 1 Mission RT asteroid missions document indexing elves autonomous navigation USE indexing (information science) (added January 2000) flyby missions DEF Transient air glow events observed near interplanetary spacecraft DS1 (space mission) 90 km, nearly simultaneously with a strong ion propulsion USE Deep Space 1 Mission cloud-to_:jround lightning stroke. They often NASA space programs precede sprites, which may occur at lower solar electric propulsion dubnium altitudes a few milliseconds later. It is believed that (added May 1998) elves are the result of wave heating by very low deformable mirrors GS chemical elements frequency (VLF) radio pulses emitted by the (added May 1998) • dubnium lightning discharge current. GS mirrors RT rutherfordium GS atmospheric radiation • deformable mirrors seaborgium • sky radiation RT adaptive optics .. elves light modulation EAM (physical chemistry) electromagnetic radiation phase modulation USE embedded atom method • light (visible radiation) segmented mirrors .. sky radiation EAP (polymers) ... elves Delta 3 launch vehicle USE electroactive polymers RT atmospheric electricity (added October 1998) atmospheric ionization GS launch vehicles e-commerce cloud-to_:jround discharges • Delta launch vehicle USE electronic commerce lightning • . Delta 3 launch vehicle sprites (atmospheric physics) Delta 4 launch vehicle ekranoplanes thunderstorms USE wing-in_3round effect vehicles (added October 1998) e-marl GS launch vehicles electroactive polymers USE electronic mail • Delta launch vehicle (added June 2000) • . Delta 4 launch vehicle embedded atom method UF EAP (polymers) RT actuators (added February 1998) dielectric loss DEF A semiempirical calculation method (added April 2000) conducting polymers electromechanical devices developed by Daw and Baskes for determining the DEF The electric energy that is converted into electrorheological fluids energetics of atoms in a bulk environment• The heat in a dielectric material subjected to a electrostriction original form of the method was based on density changing electric field. functional theory and was intended primarily for microelectromechanical systems GS electrical properties tight-packed transition metals• More recent co polymers • dielectric properties modifications have extended the applicability of robot arms • . dielectric loss the method to a large number of elements in the losses electrochemical synthesis periodic table• • dielectric loss UF EAM (physical chemistry) RT dielectrics (added January 2000) DEF A chemical synthesis reaction that is MEAM (physical chemistry) energy dissipation modified embedded atom method induced by an electric current. permittivity RT alloys UF electrosynthesis crystal defects GS synthesis (chemistry) dielectric waveguides grain boundaries (added February 1998) • electrochemical synthesis interatomic forces RT electrochemistry GS waveguides metals • dielectric waveguides electrolysis RT dielectrics polymerization co methodology molecular dynamics microwave transmission potential energy optical waveguides electronic commerce waveguide antennas (added April 2000) enantiomeric compounds DEF The buying and selling of goods and waveguide filters USE enantiomers services via the Internet or other computer differential games communications network. enantiomers (added October 1998) UF e-commerce (added August 1998) GS games GS commerce DEF Isomeric pairs whose crystalline forms or • differential games • electronic commerce molecular structures are non-superimposable RT minimax technique RT computer information security mirror images• optimal control electronic mail UF enantiomeric compounds pursuit-evasion games Internet resources enantiomorphs stochastic processes World Wide Web GS isomers
3 environmental cleanup
• enantiomers FDTD (mathematics) electromagnetic scattering RT chirality USE finite difference time domain method flow noise crystal structure isomorphism ferroelastic materials (added March 2000) molecular structure (added June 1998) DEF Noise produced by the flow of fluids stereochemistry GS ferroelastic materials around or through a body; the pressure variations symmetry • shape memory alloys associated with a turbulent flow field. • . nitinol alloys GS elastic waves RT ceramics enantiomorphs • sound waves USE enantiomers ferroelasticity .. noise (sound) ferroelectric materials • . . flow noise environmental cleanup co materials .... aerodynamic noise (added February 1999) smart materials ..... blade slap noise GS cleaning ..... propeller noise ferroelasticity • environmental cleanup ..... screech tones (added June 1998) RT decontamination RT aeroacoustics GS mechanical properties environment management ducted flow • elastic properties environment protection nozzle flow • . ferroelasticity hazardous wastes pipe flow RT crystal structure underwater acoustics oil pollution domain wall oil slicks ferroelastic materials free-space optical communication pollution control ferroelectricity reclamation (added June 1998) phase transformations GS telecommunication soil pollution shape memory alloys • communication waste disposal smart materials • . optical communication waste treatment • . . free-space optical water pollution fiber pushout communication water treatment (added September 1999) RT high power lasers GS releasing laser beams EOS AM-1 spacecraft • fiber pushout satellite communication USE Terra spacecraft RT ceramic matrix composites space communication composite materials Ethernet debonding (materials) free-space optical interconnects (added January 2000) destructive tests (added June 1998) DEF Computer network protocol originally failure modes UF FSOI (integrated optics) developed in the 1970s for local area network fiber composites GS optical interconnects technology; uses carrier sense multiple access fiber pullout • free-space optical interconnects with collision detection (CSMA/CD), coaxial cable, fiber-matrix interfaces RT integrated optics and broadcast transmission• fibers interprocessor communication GS protocol (computers) interfacial energy optical computers • Ethernet co materials tests optical switching RT carrier sense multiple access metal matrix composites optoelectronic devices computer networks reinforcing fibers photonics local area networks field tests frequency domain analysis Euler-Bernoulli beam theory (added November 1998) (added April 1999) USE Euler-Bernoulli beams SN (EXCLUDES TESTS OF ELECTRIC, GS analysis (mathematics) MAGNETIC, OR ELECTROMAGNETIC • frequency domain analysis FIELDS) Euler-Bernoulli beams RT control systems design DEF Tests carried out in the actual setting in (added April 1998) dynamic response UF Euler-Bernoulli beam theory which the subject device is intended to operate• RT environmental tests frequency response GS structural members performance tests parameter identification • beams (supports) signal processing • . Euler-Bernoulli beams co tests FSOI (integrated optics) RT axial strain field-programmable gate arrays USE free-space optical interconnects bending (added April 2000) bending vibration GS circuits fullerides dynamic structural analysis • gates (circuits) (added February 1998) elastic properties • . field-programmable gate arrays mathematical models GS carbon compounds • integrated circuits • fullerides partial differential equations • . field-programmable gate arrays RTco alkali metal compounds structural analysis programmable logic devices qqmoshenko beams co chemical compounds • field-programmable gate arrays doped crystals fullerenes evanescent waves finite difference time domain method superconductors (materials) (added March 1998) (added April 1999) GS surface waves UF FDTD (mathematics) fuselage-wing stores • evanescent waves GS analysis (mathematics) USE wing-fuselage stores RT acoustic impedance • numerical analysis evanescence .. approximation fusion propulsion fiber optics • . . finite difference theory (added September 1999) internal waves .... finite difference time domain GS propulsion plane waves method • nuclear propulsion propagation modes • time domain analysis • . fusion propulsion reflected waves • . finite difference time domain RT inertial confinement fusion wave propagation method nuclear electric propulsion co waves RT computational electromagnetics nuclear fusion
4 head up tilt
nuclear rocket engines Godunov method H-infinity control plasma propulsion (added February 1998) linear quadratic Gaussian control spacecraft propulsion DEF Non-oscillatory finite-volume scheme that incorporates the exact or approximate solution Hale-Bopp comet Gabor filters to the Riemann initial-value problem, or a (added July 1998) (added February 1998) generalization of it. DEF Long-period comet discovered July 23, GS image filters GS analysis (mathematics) 1995; designated C/1995 O1. • Gabor filters • numerical analysis GS celestial bodies RT computer vision • . finite volume method • comets co filters • . . Godunov method • . Hale-Bopp comet Gabor transformation procedures RT Oort cloud image analysis • finite volume method Hall thrusters image processing • . Godunov method (added June 2000) low pass filters RT approximation GS engines neural nets Cauchy problem • rocket engines spatial filtering Cauchy-Riemann equations textures • . electric rocket engines computational fluid dynamics • . . electrostatic engines Euler equations of motion Gabor transformation .... Hall thrusters finite difference theory (added February 1998) shock wave interaction RT electric propulsion GS transformations (mathematics) Hall accelerators supersonic flow • Gabor transformation ion engines RT Fourier transformation GOES 10 plasma engines Gabor filters (added March 2000) spacecraft propulsion holography GS artificial satellites image processing halon meteorological satellites (added January 2000) signal analysis • GOES satellites DEF A bromofluorocarbon compound that wavelet analysis • . GOES 10 was widely used as an agent for fire suppression synchronous satellites games and explosion protection• After being recognized (added October 1998) • GOES satellites • . GOES 10 as an ozone_depleting substance, the U.S. GS games production and import of halons was banned in • differential games 1994. greedy algorithms • pursuit-evasion games GS carbon compounds (added March 2000) • war games • halocarbons DEF Any algorithm characterized by a • zero sum games .. halon RT control theory procedure that selects the most extreme element from a set to satisfy a given goal. A recursive halogen compounds game theory procedure for constructing a set of objects from • bromine compounds optimization .. halon the smallest possible elements• • halocarbons Genesis mission GS mathematical logic .. halon (added February 1999) • algorithms RT fire extinguishers DEF A space mission to collect solar wind • . greedy algorithms flame retardants samples from a halo orbit about the sun-Earth L1 RT graph theory fluorocarbons point for two years, returning those samples to heuristic methods minimax technique Earth in 2003 for analysis and examination. hardware-in-the-loop simulation optimization Analysis of the samples collected by the mission (added February 1999) will contribute to an understanding of the origins UF hardware-in-the-loop tests group technology (manufacturing) of the solar system. GS simulation (added April 2000) GS space missions • hardware-in-the-loop simulation • Genesis mission DEF A manufacturing methodology where RT computerized simulation production processes are organized into groups or RT solar system evolution control simulation cells based on similarities in the manufacturing solar wind performance tests requirements of product parts or production systems simulation glucocorticoids equipment capabilities• (added December 1999) UF cellular manufacturing hardware-in-the-loop tests DEF Adrenocortical steroid hormones that are GS manufacturing USE hardware-in-the-loop simulation involved in the metabolism of fats, proteins, and • group technology (manufacturing) carbohydrates, and have anti-inflammatory production engineering hassium properties. • group technology (manufacturing) (added May 1998) GS organic compounds RT computer aided manufacturing GS chemical elements • lipids industrial management • hassium • . steroids operations research RT bohrium • .. corticosteroids process control (industry) meitnerium .... glucocorticoids production management secretions head up tilt • endocrine secretions H-2 control (added March 1998) .. hormones (added February 1998) DEF Body posture while lying on a tilt table • .. corticosteroids GS automatic control with the head higher than the rest of the body. .... glucocorticoids • optimal control UF HUT (physiology) RT adrenal gland • . H-2 control GS posture atrophy optimization • head up tilt carbohydrate metabolism • optimal control RT aerospace medicine hormone metabolisms • . H-2 control bed rest hypokinesia RT control systems design bioastronautics lipid metabolism control theory cardiovascular system muscles controllers gravitational physiology protein metabolism feedback control head down tilt
5 heavy fermion superconductors
hemodynamic responses solubility information retrieval lower body negative pressure sorption terminology orthostatic tolerance surface properties terms physiological responses suffactants thesauri supine position waterproofing weightlessness simulation wettability inflight simulation wetting USE in-flight simulation heavy fermion superconductors (added April 1999) hypothetical particles in-flight simulation GS conductors (added November 1999) (added October 1998) • superconductors (materials) GS -ticles DEF The use of a specialized test aircraft to • . heavy fermion superconductors elementary particles simulate the flight characteristics of another intermetallics • hypothetical particles vehicle• The test aircraft is typically capable of • heavy fermion systems .. gluons duplicating the computed responses of the • . heavy fermion superconductors • . gravitinos simulated vehicle through special aerodynamic • . gravitons and control system features• heavy fermion systems .. partons UF inflight simulation (added April 1999) .. quarks GS simulation GS intermetallics • . tachyons • flight simulation • heavy fermion systems • . weakly interacting massive • . in-flight simulation • . heavy fermion superconductors particles RT aircraft control RT fermions flight characteristics superconductors (materials) hypothetical planets flight control (added June 1998) flight simulators heavy metals UF Phaethon (hypothetical planet) flight tests (added July 1999) planet X training simulators DEF Metals or alloys having a high specific transplutonic planets gravity; usually ones with a density greater than 5 GS celestial bodies information analysis grams per cubic centimeter. • planets (added April 2000) GS metals • . hypothetical planets GS information analysis • heavy metals RT comets • data mining RT cadmium extrasolar planets • indexing (information science) chromium planetary orbits • scientific visualization contaminants • . numerical flow visualization copper in vitro methods and tests • trend analysis industrial wastes (added May 1999) RT information resources management lead (metal) DEF Tests of, or methods related to, biological information retrieval mercury (metal) or biochemical processes occurring in an artificial natural language processing soil pollution environment or outside of a living cell or organism• toxic hazards RT bioassay Integrated Truss Structure Zl zinc biotechnology (added June 2000) conditions DEF An early exterior framework for the hindcasting culture techniques International Space Station to allow the first U.S. (added July 1999) cytology solar arrays to be temporarily installed on the DEF The process of reconstructing the time fertilization Unity module for early power. and space evolution of an atmospheric or oceanic histology GS space station structures phenomenon that has occurred in the past, in vivo methods and tests • Integrated Truss Structure Zl through an analysis of historical data, a co methodology RT International Space Station mathematical-model simulation of the processes co tests trusses involved, or a combination of data analysis and Unity connecting module in vivo methods and tests modeling. GS predictions (added May 1999) intelligent materials • hindcasting DEF Tests of, or methods related to, biological USE smart materials RT forecasting or biochemical processes occurring within a living intercalibration meteorological parameters cell or organism• (added January 1999) nowcasting RT bioassay DEF Calibration between two or more data oceanographic parameters biotechnology conditions sources, including (1) the comparison of data sets weather forecasting culture techniques acquired by different types of measurement HUT (physiology) cytology systems for the purpose of deducing the USE head up tilt histology calibration values for one of the measurement in vitro methods and tests systems; (2) the mutual calibration of data from hybrid-Trefftz finite element method intravenous procedures different measurement systems through the USE finite element method co methodology comparison of the data with model calculations; Trefftz method co tests and (3) the calibration of multiple detectors on a single instrument through the comparison of data hydrophobicity indexing (information science) from each detector. (added June 2000) (added April 2000) GS calibrating DEF The degree to which a substance is DEF The representation of document content • intercalibration insoluble in water, or resists wetting or hydration. in a systematic, organized form to support RT comparison GS hygral properties information location, retrieval, or analysis• correction • hydrophobicity UF automatic indexing multisensor applications RT adsorption document indexing standardization chemical properties machine aided indexing hydration GS information analysis intracloud discharges hygroscopicity • indexing (information science) (added August 1999) moisture resistance RT indexes (documentation) GS electric current co properties information management • electric discharges Mars Climate Orbiter
.. lightning kinking magnetars • . . intracloud discharges (added April 1998) (added January 2000) RT bending DEF Highly magnetized neutron stars ion optics buckling believed to emit quasi-steady x-rays along with (added June 1998) compression loads bursts of soft gamma rays-- emissions powered RT beam waveguides cracking (fracturing) by their magnetic energy. According to the beamforming deformation magnetar theory, these stars form in some fraction electron optics displacement of all supernovae. When they are young (with ion beams failure modes ages less than about 10,000 years) magnetars ion engines fiber composites may be observed as soft gamma repeaters ion propulsion folding (SGRs) or anomalous X-ray pulsars• mass spectrometers heaving GS celestial bodies co optics twisting • stars wrinkling • . magnetic stars Iridium network . .. magnetars (added December 1998) knowledge discovery • . neutron stars DEF A 66-satellite wireless personal USE data mining . .. magnetars telecommunications network designed to provide RT pulsars worldwide telephone, paging, facsimile and data knowledge extraction soft gamma repeaters services to handheld or mobile equipment• USE data mining supernova remnants UF Iridium satellites x ray sources GS networks Laves phases • communication networks (added August 1998) • . Iridium network magnetic nozzles GS solid phases (added September 1999) • satellite networks • Laves phases DEF Nozzle devices used in some nuclear • . satellite constellations RT alloys and plasma propulsion systems that utilize • . . Iridium network crystal lattices magnetic fields to direct and accelerate plasma RT communication satellites crystal structure flows, thereby providing thrust for propulsion. facsimile communication cubic lattices RT coaxial plasma accelerators mobile communication systems interstitials electric rocket engines satellite communication microstructure co nozzles telephony phase transformations nuclear propulsion wireless communication nuclear rocket engines leaders (meteorology) plasma acceleration Iridium satellites (added August 1999) plasma engines USE communication satellites GS electric current plasma propulsion Iridium network • electric discharges rocket nozzles .. lightning spacecraft propulsion ISS (space station) • . . leaders (meteorology) USE International Space Station .... stepped leaders magnetostratigraphy Java (programming language) lithium batteries (added April 1999) (added December 1998) (added December 1999) GS stratigraphy GS languages GS electrochemical cells • magnetostratigraphy • programming languages • electric batteries RT geochronology .. high level languages • . lithium batteries paleomagnetism • . . Java (programming language) • . . lithium sulfur batteries RT C++ (programming language) RT storage batteries markup languages client server systems USE document markup languages internets Long March launch vehicles object-oriented programming (added January 1999) World Wide Web GS launch vehicles Mars Climate Orbiter • Long March launch vehicles (added March 1999) Josephson effect RT Chinese space program DEF One of two spacecraft comprising the (added April 1999) Chinese spacecraft Mars Surveyor 98 program; launched December UF Josephson tunneling heavy lift launch vehicles 1998. After obtaining a polar, nearly circular orbit RT electron tunneling around Mars, the Orbiter will serve as a radio relay Josephson junctions Lunar Prospector during the Lander surface mission, then begin SIS (superconductors) (added February 1998) monitoring the atmosphere, surface, and polar superconducting devices GS artificial satellites caps for a complete Martian year. The Orbiter superconductors (materials) • lunar satellites carries two science instruments: the Pressure • . Lunar Prospector Modulated Infrared Radiometer and the Mars Josephson tunneling lunar spacecraft Color Imager. USE Josephson effect • lunar satellites UF Mars Surveyor 98 Orbiter • . Lunar Prospector GS interplanetary spacecraft kink bands RT lunar composition • Mars probes (added March 1998) lunar exploration • . Mars Climate Orbiter RT buckling lunar programs unmanned spacecraft compression loads lunar resources • space probes edge dislocations lunar surface .. Mars probes failure modes • . . Mars Climate Orbiter fiber composites machine aided indexing RT Mars atmosphere microstructure USE indexing (information science) Mars missions plastic deformation Mars Polar Lander reinforcing fibers MACHOs (astronomy) Mars surface single crystals USE massive compact halo objects Mars Surveyor 98 Program
Mars Global Surveyor Mars Surveyor 98 Program microsatellites (added March 1999) (added March 1999) nanosatellites DEF Spacecraft and related mission designed DEF Mars exploration program consisting of nanotechnology to orbit Mars over a two year period and collect two mission spacecraft--the Mars Climate Orbiter data on the surface morphology, topography, and the Mars Polar Lander• Two surface microsatellites composition, gravity, atmospheric dynamics, and penetrating microprobes (part of the associated (added October 1998) magnetic field• Launched November 1996. Deep Space 2 mission) for detecting water ice are DEF Satellites with a total mass between 10 UF MGS (spacecraft) also piggybacking on the Lander• and 100 kg often incorporating miniaturized GS interplanetary spacecraft GS programs electronic and mechanical systems. • Mars probes NASA programs UF microsats • . Mars Global Surveyor • NASA space programs GS artificial satellites unmanned spacecraft • . Mars Surveyor 98 Program • microsatellites • space probes space programs RT microelectromechanical systems • . Mars probes • NASA space programs microminiaturization • . . Mars Global Surveyor • . Mars Surveyor 98 Program microminiaturized electronic devices RT Mars atmosphere RT Mars atmosphere nanosatellites Mars missions Mars Climate Orbiter satellite constellations Mars Observer Mars missions satellite design Mars surface Mars Polar Lander small satellite technology Mars surface small scientific satellites
Mars missions Mars Surveyor 2001 Mission microsats (added February 1999) (added July 1999) USE microsatellites GS space missions GS space missions • Mars missions • Mars missions Mindlin plate theory • . manned Mars missions • . Mars Surveyor 2001 Mission USE Mindlin plates • . Mars sample return missions RT Mars environment • . Mars Surveyor 2001 Mission Mars surface Mindlin plates RT Earth-Mars trajectories Mars surface samples (added April 1998) Mars Climate Orbiter NASA space programs UF Mindlin plate theory Mars exploration Reissner-Mindlin plates Mars Global Surveyor Martian meteorites GS structural members Mars landing USE SNC meteorites • plates (structural members) Mars Observer • . Mindlin plates Mars Pathfinder massive compact halo objects RT dynamic structural analysis Mars Polar Lander (added November 1999) finite element method Mars probes DEF Objects, such as brown dwarfs, black free vibration Mars surface samples holes, and massive planets, hypothesized to plate theory Mars Surveyor 98 Program account for the dark matter in the halo of the Milky Reissner theory co missions Way. The signature of these objects is the shear strain return to Earth space flight occasional amplification of the light from structural analysis extragalactic stars by the gravitational lens effect• structural vibration UF MACHOs (astronomy) thick plates Mars Polar Lander GS celestial bodies (added March 1999) • massive compact halo objects mischmetal DEF One of two spacecraft comprising the RT brown dwarf stars (added June 1998) Mars Surveyor 98 program; launched January dark matter DEF An alloy consisting of a natural mixture 1999. After a soft landing near the Martian south galactic halos of rare-earth metals; used in electrode materials pole, the Lander will search for near-surface ice gravitational lenses and hydrogen-storage alloys, as a general alloy and possible surface records of cyclic climate Milky Way Galaxy addition, and in the production of some aluminum change, and characterize physical processes key missing mass (astrophysics) alloys and steels. to the seasonal cycles of water, carbon dioxide red dwarf stars GS alloys and dust on Mars. Prior to landing, the Deep • rare earth alloys Space 2 microprobes will be released as part of MEAM (physical chemistry) .. mischmetal a technology-validation mission related to USE embedded atom method RT alloying multiple-lander spacecraft. aluminum alloys UF Mars Surveyor 98 Lander meitnerium cathodic coatings GS interplanetary spacecraft (added May 1998) cerium • Mars probes GS chemical elements desorption • . Mars Polar Lander • meitnerium electrode materials unmanned spacecraft RT hassium intermetallics • space probes steels • . Mars probes MEMS (electromechanical devices) • . . Mars Polar Lander USE microelectromechanical systems modified embedded atom method RT Mars atmosphere USE embedded atom method Mars Climate Orbiter MGS (spacecraft) Mars missions USE Mars Global Surveyor mutagenesis Mars surface (added June 2000) Mars Surveyor 98 Program microelectromechanical systems DEF Induction or development of a genetic (added October 1998) mutation via a natural environmental mutagen or UF MEMS (electromechanical devices) through the methods of genetic engineering• Mars Surveyor 98 Lander GS electromechanical devices RT deoxyribonucleic acid USE Mars Polar Lander • microelectromechanical systems gene expression RT electroactive polymers genes microinstrumentation mutagens Mars Surveyor 98 Orbiter microminiaturization mutations USE Mars Climate Orbiter microminiaturized electronic devices radiation effects
8 pilot ratings
nacelle wing configurations • . Next Generation Space Telescope (FDTD) or finite element methods. The approach USE wing nacelle configurations project has also been extended to the analysis of some RT astronomical observatories problems in acoustics. nanosatellites infrared telescopes UF PML (electromagnetism) (added October 1998) NASA space programs GS conditions DEF Satellites with a total mass smaller than spaceborne telescopes • boundary conditions 10 kg incorporating miniaturized electronic and • . perfectly matched layers mechanical systems• NGST project RT computational electromagnetics UF nanosats USE Next Generation Space Telescope computational grids GS artificial satellites project electromagnetic absorption • nanosatellites electromagnetic scattering Nozomi Mars Orbiter RT microelectromechanical systems finite difference theory (added August 1998) microminiaturization finite element method DEF A Japanese Mars mission spacecraft microminiaturized electronic devices Maxwell equation designed to study the Mar_ian upper atmosphere microsatellites and its interaction with the solar wind, and to satellite constellations Phaethon (hypothetical planet) develop technologies for use in future planetary USE hypothetical planets satellite design missions• Specifically, instruments on the small satellite technology spacecraft enable the measurement of the Phobos spacecraft small scientific satellites structure, composition and dynamics of the (added August 1998) ionosphere; aeronomy effects of the solar wind; DEF Two Soviet spacecraft (Phobos 1 and 2, nanosats the escape of atmospheric constituents; the both launched in July 1988) designed to study the USE nanosatellites intrinsic magnetic field; and dust in the upper plasma environment in the Mar_ian vicinity, the atmosphere and in-orbit around Mars. surface and atmosphere of Mars, and the surface nanotechnology UF Planet-B spacecraft composition of the Mar_ian satellite Phobos. Other (added June 2000) GS interplanetary spacecraft mission objectives included the study of the DEF The creation of functional materials, • Mars probes interplanetary environment and solar observations. devices, and systems through control of matter on • . Nozomi Mars Orbiter GS interplanetary spacecraft the nanometer-length scale; exploitation of novel Japanese spacecraft • Mars probes phenomena and properties at the nanometer • Nozomi Mars Orbiter • . Phobos spacecraft scale• unmanned spacecraft Soviet spacecraft GS technologies • space probes • Phobos spacecraft • nanotechnology .. Mars probes unmanned spacecraft RT microelectromechanical systems • . . Nozomi Mars Orbiter • space probes microelectronics RT aeronomy .. Mars probes nanostructure (characteristics) Deimos • . . Phobos spacecraft nanostructures (devices) Phobos RT Mars atmosphere nanotubes planetary atmospheres Mars environment quantum dots solar planetary interactions Phobos quantum electronics quantum wires optical interconnects photoresists (added June 1998) (added June 2000) nanotubes GS optical interconnects DEF Photosensitive substances that are (added June 2000) • free-space optical interconnects either rendered soluble or insoluble to chemical DEF Nanostructures having a closed, tubular RT connectors etchants when exposed to light, and are used in morphology that can be single-walled or electric connectors transferring circuit patterns in the production of multi-walled The structures are believed to be integrated optics integrated circuits• defect free, leading to high strength despite their optical computers RT etching low density; and can be either electrically optical switching integrated circuits conductive or semiconductive, depending on their optoelectronic devices microelectronics helicity. photonics photolithography UF nanotubules photomasks orbit determination GS microstructure photopolymers • nanostructure (characteristics (added December 1998) photosensitivity .. nanotubes GS orbit determination RT fullerenes airborne range and orbit photothermal deflection spectroscopy determination graphite (added November 1998) orbit calculation nanostructures (devices) UF PDS (spectroscopy) • minimum variance orbit nanotechnology GS spectroscopy co tubes determination • photothermal deflection • orbital position estimation spectroscopy nanotubules RT Global Positioning System RT optical measurement USE nanotubes position errors photoacoustic spectroscopy satellite tracking thermal diffusivity space navigation thermal lensing Next Generation Space Telescope project spacecraft control (added December 1999) spacecraft position indicators pilot opinion ratings DEF Project in the NASA Origins program USE pilot ratings with the goal of developing a spaceborne PDS (spectroscopy) observatory to succeed the Hubble Space USE photothermal deflection pilot ratings Telescope after 2005. The telescope is foreseen spectroscopy (added August 1999) to have an aperture of 8 meters and be optimized DEF Subjective assessment of the handling for near infrared wavelengths (0.6-10+ microns) in perfectly matched layers and stability characteristics of an aircraft or other order to enable the exploration of the most remote (added July 1998) flight vehicle• high redshift universe. DEF In the area of computational UF pilot opinion ratings UF NGST project electromagnetism, an absorbing boundary GS flight characteristics GS programs condition used for terminating infinite domain • pilot ratings • projects calculations in the finite_difference time-domain • . Cooper-Harper ratings
9 Population III stars
ratings quantum communication red sprites • pilot ratings (added March 2000) USE sprites (atmospheric physics) • . Cooper-Harper ratings DEF Any form of communication that depends RT aircraft performance on coherent quantum-mechanical effects (quan- Reissner-Mindlin plates assessments tum interference or quantum entanglement) to USE Mindlin plates controllability transmit, protect or authenticate information, or to helicopter performance perform distributed computational tasks. renewable energy GS telecommunication (added December 1998) planet X • communication GS renewable energy USE hypothetical planets • . quantum communication • geothermal energy utilization RT communication theory • hydroelectricity Planet-B spacecraft optical communication • tidepower USE Nozomi Mars Orbiter quantum computation • waterwave energy • windpower utilization PML (electromagnetism) quantum computation RT bioconversion USE perfectly matched layers (added March 2000) biomass energy production DEF Any form of information processing that clean energy Population III stars depends on coherent quantum-mechanical effects energy policy (added July 1999) (quantum interference or quantum entanglement) co energy sources UF primordial stars to perform computational tasks. energy technology GS celestial bodies UF quantum computing geothermal energy conversion • stars GS computation hydrogen-based energy • . Population III stars • quantum computation ocean thermal energy conversion RT cosmology RT quantum communication solar energy conversion dark matter quantum computers waste utilization relic radiation quantum cryptography waterwave energy conversion stellar evolution quantum mechanics supermassive stars Turing machines Ringleb flow (added July 1998) preventive maintenance quantum computers GS fluid flow (added June 2000) (added March 2000) compressible flow GS maintenance DEF Devices capable of performing quantum • Ringleb flow • preventive maintenance computations. There are many proposals for the steady flow prevention physical basis of quantum computers. The 0 and • Ringleb flow • preventive maintenance 1 of a quantum bit (i.e., qubit) could be the ground two dimensional flow RT aircraft maintenance and excited states of an atom in a linear ion trap; • Ringleb flow failure analysis the polarizations of photons interacting in an RT critical flow inspection optical cavity; or the excess of one nuclear spin subsonic flow nondestructive tests state over another in a liquid sample in an NMR transonic flow reliability analysis machine. GS data processing equipment rocket-based combined-cycle engines primordial stars • computers (added August 1999) USE Population III stars • . quantum computers DEF Launch vehicle engines that integrate a RT quantum computation high specific impulse, low thrust-to-weight, proportional navigation airbreathing engine with a low-impulse, high (added July 1998) quantum computing thrust-to-weight rocket. The engines are often GS navigation USE quantum computation defined by four modes of operation in a • proportional navigation quantum cryptography single-stage-to-orbit configuration. In the first RT homing (added March 2000) mode, the engine functions as a rocket-driven interception DEF Any form of cryptography that depends ejector. When the rocket engine is switched off, line of sight for its security on coherent quantum-mechanical subsonic combustion (mode 2) is present in the missile control effects (quantum interference or quantum ramjet mode. As the vehicle continues to proportional control entanglement). accelerate, supersonic combustion (mode 3) rendezvous guidance GS cryptography occurs in the ramjet mode. Finally, as the edge of terminal guidance • quantum cryptography the atmosphere is approached and the engine RT computer information security inlet is closed off, the rocket is reignited and the proton-antiproton interactions final accent to orbit is undertaken in an all-rocket quantum computation (added June 1999) mode (mode 4). GS particle interactions Rayleigh fading UF RBCC engines • elementary particle interactions (added June 2000) GS engines • . proton-antiproton interactions DEF Rapid-fluctuation, small-scale fading • rocket engines RT annihilation reactions resulting from multipath effects, and typically • . rocket-based combined-cycle antiprotons occurring in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) engines high energy interactions environments• RT air breathing boosters matter-antimatter propulsion GS fading air breathing engines • signal fading hybrid propulsion pursuit-evasion games • . Rayleigh fading integral rocket ramjets (added October 1998) RT channels (data transmission) ramjet engines GS games mobile communication systems single stage to orbit vehicles • pursuit-evasion games multipath transmission spacecraft propulsion RT differential games phase shift keying supersonic combustion ramjet engines evasive actions radio signals interception reception diversity Rossi X Ray Timing Explorer optimal control USE X Ray Timing Explorer pursuit tracking RBCC engines trajectory optimization USE rocket-based combined-cycle RXTE (satellite) zero sum games engines USE X Ray Timing Explorer
10 space weather
scarf joints Service Module (ISS) nakhlites (added March 1998) (added March 1999) shergottites DEF A joint in which the overlapping parts are DEF Primary Russian component of the tapered to form a continuous length, with no International Space Station providing an early soft gamma repeaters increase in dimension at the joint• station living quarters and life support system (added January 2000) GS joints (junctions) functions to all early elements. Also provides DEF A class of x-ray source which emits • scarf joints propulsive attitude control and reboost capability repeating bright bursts of "soft" or low-energy RT bolted joints for the early station. gamma rays, along with steady x-ray pulsations• bonded joints UF Zvezda Service Module By the end of 1999 only a handful of these lap joints GS modules sources had been identified, in our galaxy and in metal joints • space station modules the Large Magellanic Cloud• They are associated scarfing • . Service Module (ISS) with supernova remnants and are thus apparently RT International Space Station some kind of young neutron star. One theory holds scene generation life support systems that these stars are young magnetars (added July 1998) (magnetically-powered neutron stars)• Bright SGR (astronomy) GS imaging techniques bursts occur when the evolving, ultra-strong USE soft gamma repeaters • scene generation magnetic field stresses the neutron star's solid simulation crust to breaking, in a sudden starquake, x-ray Shergotty Nakh/a Chassigny meteorites pulsations are due to the rotation of the star, with • scene generation USE SNC meteorites RT computer graphics it's hot surface bright in x-rays flight simulation Shuttle Super/ightweight Tank UF SGR (astronomy) image reconstruction USE external tanks GS celestial bodies scientific visualization propellant tanks • stars target simulators • . neutron stars signal-processing-in-the-element detectors • . . soft gamma repeaters USE infrared detectors screech tones • . x ray stars • . . soft gamma repeaters (added March 1998) slenderness ratio gamma ray sources (astronomy) DEF Discrete acoustic tones produced by USE aspect ratio imperfectly expanded supersonic jets. The • soft gamma repeaters phenomenon is a result of a resonant feedback SLWT (propellant tank) x ray sources • x ray stars condition involving downstream traveling USE external tanks • . soft gamma repeaters shear-layer disturbances and upstream traveling propellant tanks acoustic waves• RT gamma ray astronomy smart materials GS elastic waves gamma ray bursts • sound waves (added March 1998) magnetars DEF Engineered materials capable of supernova remnants . . noise (sound) • . . flow noise responding to their environment to a significant sonochemistry .... aerodynamic noise degree, by virtue of intrinsic properties and/or USE ultrasonic processing ..... screech tones built-in sensor/actuator elements• Applications of these materials include vibration suppression/ frequencies space station modules • acoustic frequencies isolation, precision positioning, damage detection, and tunable devices• (added November 1998) • . screech tones GS modules RT aeroacoustics UF intelligent materials • space station modules feedback RT actuators composite materials • . Kvant modules jet aircraft noise • . Priroda module electrorheological fluids jet mixing flow .. Service Module (ISS) nozzle flow electrostriction ferroelastic materials • . Unity connecting module shear layers • . Zarya control module supersonic jet flow ferroelasticity ferroelectric materials RT air locks supersonic nozzles ferromagnetic materials corn partments co materials International Space Station seaborgium piezoelectric ceramics Mir space station (added May 1998) co sensors orbital assembly GS chemical elements shape memory alloys space erectable structures • seaborgium smart structures space station structures RT bohrium spacecraft modules dubnium vibration damping SNC meteorites space tourism Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (added March 1998) (added April 1999) (added December 1998) DEF Meteorites with petrologic character- GS space industrialization UF Sea WiFS istics, isotopic signatures, trapped gas composi- • space tourism GS scanners tions, and relatively young crystallization ages tourism • ocean color scanner (less than 1.3 billion years), which together point • space tourism • . Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view to a Martian origin. The name of these meteorites RT space commercialization Sensor is derived from first three known examples-- space transportation RT chlorophylls Shergotty, Nakhla, and Chassigny. Coastal Zone Color Scanner UF Martian meteorites space weather ocean surface Shergotty Nakhla Chassigny meteorites (added June 1999) phytoplankton GS celestial bodies SN (FOR METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS remote sensors • meteorites RELATED TO THE MIDDLE AND LOWER ATMOSPHERES OF NON-EARTH PLANETS satellite-borne instruments • . stony meteorites USE "PLANETARY METEOROLOGY"•) water color ... achondrites DEF The dynamic, highly variable conditions .... SNC meteorites of the geospace environment that encompasses SeaWiFS RT chassignites the sun, the interplanetary medium, and the Earth USE Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Mars (planet) magnetosphere - ionosphere - thermosphere sys- Sensor Mars surface tem. Major contributing factors include variations
11 spiral bevel gears
in the solar wind, solar flares, and solar mass • electric discharges as a heat exchanger and in which heat is drawn ejections• Effects of space weather phenomena .. lightning away by a heat sink• include performance degradation of communica- ... leaders (meteorology) GS refrigerating machinery tion, navigation, and power systems on both .... stepped leaders • refrigerators spacecraft and ground-based systems; and • . thermoacoustic refrigerators potential health hazards during extravehicular superhumps (astronomy) RT cooling systems activity• (added October 1998) refrigerating RT Advanced Composition Explorer RT accretion disks thermoacoustic effects aerospace environments astronomical photometry aerospace safety binary stars thermocapillary migration Earth ionosphere cataclysmic variables (added September 1999) Earth magnetosphere dwan_ novae DEF Phenomenon where droplets (or Earth orbital environments eclipsing binary stars bubbles) in a host fluid with a uniform temperature geomagnetism stellar spectrophotometry gradient migrate to the hot end of the host fluid ionospheric disturbances because of the temperature dependence of the magnetic disturbances Terra spacecraft interracial energy of the droplets• magnetic storms (added June 1999) RT bubbles radiation hazards DEF First in a series of EOS (Earth Observing capillary flow solar activity effects System) spacecraft developed to advance the drops (liquids) solar terrestrial interactions understanding of the ways that the Earth's lands, electromigration space plasmas oceans, air, ice, and life function as a total interfacial tension weather environmental system• The spacecraft carries five Marangoni convection high-resolution instruments: the Advanced microgravity spiral bevel gears Spaceborne Thermal Emission Radiometer space processing (added May 1999) (ASTER), the Clouds and the Earth Radiant temperature gradients GS gears Energy System (CERES), the Multi-Angle Imaging thermomigration • bevel gears Spectroradiometer (MISR), the Moderate • . spiral bevel gears Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), time domain analysis and the Measurements of Pollution in the (added April 1999) SPRITE detectors Troposphere (MOPIqq-) instrument• GS analysis (mathematics) USE infrared detectors UF AM-1 (EOS) spacecraft • time domain analysis EOS AM-1 spacecraft • . finite difference time domain method sprites (atmospheric physics) GS artificial satellites RT control systems design (added January 2000) • Terra spacecraft dynamic response DEF Short-lived luminosities observed at high Earth Observing System (EOS) parameter identification altitudes above thunderstorms, apparently • Terra spacecraft signal processing associated with upward discharges of thunder- RT Earth observations (from space) co time response storm electricity. They appear as columnar diffuse remote sensing reddish glows between 30 km and 80 km above time synchronization ground, lasting tens of milliseconds, following thermal lenses (added December 1998) large positive cloud-to_jround lightning strokes. USE thermal lensing GS synchronism UF red sprites • time synchronization GS atmospheric radiation thermal lensing RT clocks • sky radiation (added November 1998) frequency standards • . sprites (atmospheric physics) UF thermal lenses frequency synchronization electromagnetic radiation GS thermal lensing Global Positioning System • light (visible radiation) • thermal blooming time measurement • . sky radiation RT atmospheric optics time signals • . . sprites (atmospheric physics) focusing universal time RT atmospheric electricity laser beams atmospheric ionization photothermal deflection spectroscopy Titan 4B launch vehicle cloud-to_jround discharges wave front deformation (added October 1998) elves GS launch vehicles lightning thermoacoustic effects • Titan launch vehicles thunderstorms (added May 2000) • . qqtan 4 launch vehicle DEF Phenomena associated with the • . . Titan 4B launch vehicle Stardust Mission combination of temperature, pressure and rocket vehicles (added March 1999) displacement oscillations caused by acoustic • multistage rocket vehicles DEF First U.S. mission launched to robotically waves interacting with solid boundaries, such as • . qqtan launch vehicles obtain samples in deep space and return them to the walls of a tube or a "stack". • . . qqtan 4 launch vehicle Earth. The NASA Discovery-class mission will RT acoustic excitation .... Titan 4B launch vehicle return dust samples collected from the debris acoustic instability RT Cassini mission cloud surrounding the nucleus of Comet Wild 2. acoustics laser gyroscopes Interstellar dust will also be collected. The mission acousto-optics spacecraft takes advantage of an Earth combustion stability total impulse gravity-assist maneuver to reach the comet, and co effects (added March 2000) uses an aerogel-based dust collector• heat transfer DEF The integral of thrust over a given GS space missions sound waves interval of time; the product of thrust and duration • flyby missions thermoacoustic refrigerators expressed in force-seconds; the total thrust • . Stardust Mission thermophysical properties produced by a rocket engine or motor over the RT comet nuclei entire time that its fuel is burning• interstellar matter thermoacoustic refrigerators GS impulses Wild 2 comet (added May 2000) • total impulse DEF Cooling devices in which intense sound RT propulsion system performance stepped leaders waves in pressurized resonant cavities are used propulsive efficiency (added August 1999) to generate temperature gradients in an array of spacecraft propulsion GS electric current parallel plates in the interior of a tube that serves specific impulse
12 wave rotors
thrust first dual deployment of a precipitation radar and • aerospace planes passive microwave radiometer on an • . VentureStar launch vehicle tourism Earth-viewing satellite• reentry vehicles (added April 1999) UF Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission sat • recoverable spacecraft GS tourism GS artificial satellites • . reusable spacecraft • space tourism • meteorological satellites • . . aerospace planes RT industries • . TRMM satellite .... VentureStar launch vehicle recreation • scientific satellites soft landing spacecraft transportation • . TRMM satellite • aerospace planes co travel RT atmospheric circulation • . VentureStar launch vehicle Earth radiation budget RT aerospike engines TRACE satellite equatorial atmosphere commercial spacecraft USE Transition Region and Coronal rain X-33 reusable launch vehicle Explorer tropical meteorology very large transport aircraft transition elements (chemistry) Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission sat (added November 1998) USE transition metals USE TRMM satellite DEF Aircraft capable of a maximum takeoff weight greater than 400 metric tons (881,600 Ibs) Transition Region and Coronal Explorer Ukrainian space program or having a seating capacity greater than 660. (added May 1998) (added January 1999) UF VLTA (aircraft) DEF Small Explorer Mission satellite GS programs GS transport aircraft supporting the investigation of the relationships • space programs • very large transport aircraft between fine-scale magnetic fields and their • . Ukrainian space program RT cargo aircraft associated plasma structures in the transition RT Ukraine passenger aircraft region and lower corona of the Sun. Zenit launch vehicles UF TRACE satellite VLTA (aircraft) GS artificial satellites ultrasonic processing USE very large transport aircraft • scientific satellites (added June 1998) • . Explorer satellites DEF The use of ultrasonic radiation to VOC (organic chemistry) • . . Transition Region and Coronal synthesize a compound or material, or alter the USE volatile organic compounds Explorer structure, properties, or form of a material. volatile organic compounds RT chromosphere UF sonochemistry SOHO Mission ultrasonic treatment (added March 2000) DEF Any compounds of carbon (excluding solar atmosphere RTco processing carbon oxides, carbonic acid, metallic carbonates solar corona ultrasonic cleaning solar magnetic field ultrasonics and carbides, and carbon-nitrogen compounds) solar observatories that are readily vaporizable; any of such solar physics ultrasonic treatment compounds that participate in atmospheric solar transition region USE ultrasonic processing photochemical reactions, or that are considered indoor, local, regional, or global contaminants. transplutonic planets uncertain systems UF VOC (organic chemistry) USE hypothetical planets (added June 2000) GS organic compounds RT control systems design • volatile organic compounds transverse momentum control theory RT air pollution (added June 1999) fuzzy systems air quality GS momentum linear systems contaminants • transverse momentum nonlinear systems exhaust emission RT angular momentum probability theory indoor air pollution elementary particle interactions co systems ozone particle motion photochemical reactions transverse acceleration undercooling USE supercooling water sampling Trefftz method (added March 1998) (added July 1998) Unity connecting module DEF The process of obtaining a DEF Boundary-type approximation scheme (added November 1998) representative sample of water from any natural or for the solution of boundary value problems for DEF Component of the International Space artificial environment. partial differential equations• Station providing six ports that serve as GS sampling UF hybrid-Trefftz finite element method connecting points for other station modules and • water sampling GS analysis (mathematics) framework elements. RT environmental monitoring • numerical analysis GS modules ground water • . approximation • space station modules pollution monitoring • . . boundary element method • . Unity connecting module sea water .... Trefftz method RT Integrated Truss Structure Z1 surface water RT bending theory International Space Station water boundary conditions spacecraft docking water pollution boundary value problems water quality finite element method VentureStar launch vehicle partial differential equations (added June 1999) wave rotors plate theory DEF Reusable single-stage-to-orbit launch (added March 1998) structural analysis vehicle employing linear aerospike engines, and DEF Rotor devices that use gasdynamic having a payload capacity roughly equivalent to waves to transfer energy rather than the motion of TRMM satellite that of the Space Shuttle; developed in solid surfaces. Typically, they consist of a series (added May 1998) coordination with the X-33 advanced technology of passages arranged on a drum which rotates DEF Satellite supporting the joint demonstrator vehicle. about an axis. Through rotation, the ends of the US_Japanese Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission GS aerospace vehicles passages are periodically exposed to various (TRMM) to explore tropical rainfall and its effects • aerospace planes circumferentially arranged ports which initiate the on the Earth energy budget, general circulation, • . VentureStar launch vehicle traveling expansion or compression waves within and climate. The TRMM satellite represents the maneuverable spacecraft the passages. The particular circumferential
13 weakly interacting massive particles
location of the ports determines the • ](-32 aircraft Zarya control module thermodynamic cycle of the working fluid• jet aircraft (added November 1998) GS rotating bodies • ](-32 aircraft DEF Component of the International Space • rotors research vehicles Station providing propulsion, steering, and • . wave rotors • research aircraft communications during the early assembly stages RT compression waves • . X-32 aircraft of the station; later serving as a docking port and energy transfer supersonic aircraft fuel tank. Zarya was built by Russia under contract engine parts • X-32 aircraft to the U.S. and is owned by the U.S. gas dynamics V/STOL aircraft GS modules gas generators • X-32 aircraft • space station modules gas turbine engines • . Zarya control module topping cycle engines RT International Space Station turbomachinery X-35 aircraft Zenit launch vehicles turboshafts (added October 1998) (added January 1999) wave generation DEF Experimental strike fighter incorporating GS launch vehicles a vertical lift fan for short takeoff/vertical landing weakly interacting massive particles • Zenit launch vehicles capability. Developed as part of the Joint Strike (added November 1999) RT sea launching Fighter (JSF) program. DEF Hypothetical elementary particles Ukrainian space program GS jet aircraft predicted by supersymmetry theories, that interact • X-35 aircraft only through gravity and weak-type interactions; zero sum games Lockheed aircraft (added October 1998) postulated to account for dark matter in the • X-35 aircraft Universe. GS games research vehicles UF cosmions • zero sum games • research aircraft WIMPs (astronomy) RT differential games • . X-35 aircraft Markov processes GS particles V/STOL aircraft • elementary particles optimal control • X-35 aircraft .. hypothetical particles pursuit-evasion games • . . weakly interacting massive saddle points (game theory) particles X-37 vehicle Zvezda Service Module RT dark matter (added March 2000) USE Service Module (ISS) missing mass (astrophysics) solar neutrinos DEF NASA/Boeing experimental space plane developed to demonstrate airframe, propulsion, WIG vehicles and operations technologies for reduced-cost USE wing-in-ground effect vehicles reusable launch vehicles• The unpiloted X-37 can be carried into orbit by the Space Shuttle or Wild 2 comet launched by an expendable rocket, and flies in (added March 1999) both orbital and reentry environments, operating at DEF Periodic comet, discovered January speeds up to 25 times the speed of sound• 1978, relatively new to the inner Solar System due GS aerospace vehicles to a shift in its orbit caused by the gravitational • aerospace planes influence of Jupiter• • . X-37 vehicle GS celestial bodies hypersonic vehicles • comets • X-37 vehicle • . Wild 2 comet maneuverable spacecraft RT Stardust Mission • aerospace planes • . X-37 vehicle WIMPs (astronomy) reentry vehicles USE weakly interacting massive particles • recoverable spacecraft wing-body and tail configurations • . reusable spacecraft USE body-wing and tail configurations • . . aerospace planes .... X-37 vehicle wing-body configurations research vehicles USE body-wing configurations • X-37 vehicle soft landing spacecraft wing-in.round effect vehicles (added December 1999) • aerospace planes • . X-37 vehicle DEF Vehicles designed to fly about half their RT reusable launch vehicles mean chord above the surface, taking advantage co spacecraft of the reduced drag and increased lift caused by ground effect• These vehicles, also known as WIGs or WlGEs, normally operate above a water surface. X-43 vehicle (added September 1999) UF ekranoplanes WIG vehicles DEF The experimental research vehicle of the GS ground effect machines NASA Hyper-X program designed to flight validate • wing-in_Jround effect vehicles key propulsion and related technologies for air-breathing hypersonic aircraft• RT ground effect (aerodynamics) surface effect ships GS aerospace vehicles • X-43 vehicle X-32 aircraft hypersonic vehicles (added October 1998) • X-43 vehicle DEF Experimental supersonic strike fighter research vehicles developed to be configured as a conventional or • X-43 vehicle short takeoff/vertical landing vehicle• Developed RT hypersonic flight as part of the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) program• Pegasus air-launched booster GS Boeing aircraft supersonic combustion ramjet engines
14 NASA THESAURUS SUPPLEMENT
PART 2 ROTATED TERM DISPLAY
NUMERALS antenna gain antiphase boundaries AM- 1 (EOS) spacecraft antiphase domains use Terra spacecraft use antiphase boundaries Deep Space 1 Mission proton- antiproton interactions EOS AM- 1 spacecraft APB (materials) use Terra spacecraft use antiphase boundaries Wild 2 comet archaeomagnetism H- 2 control use paleomagnetism Delta 3 launch vehicle field-programmable gate arrays Delta 4 launch vehicle associative memory Titan 4B launch vehicle associative storage GOES 10 use associative memory X- 32 aircraft MACHOs (astronomy) X- 35 aircraft use massive compact halo objects X- 37 vehicle SGR (astronomy) X- 43 vehicle use soft gamma repeaters Mars Surveyor 98 Lander superhumps (astronomy) use Mars Polar Lander WIMPs (astronomy) Mars Surveyor 98 Orbiter use weakly interacting massive use Mars Climate Orbiter particles Mars Surveyor 98 Program Chandra X Ray Astrophysics Facility Boeing 717 aircraft use X Ray Astrophysics Facility Mars Surveyor 2001 Mission sprites (atmospheric physics) embedded atom method modified embedded atom method A use embedded atom method automatic indexing use indexing (information science) carrier sense multiple access ACE satellite use Advanced Composition Explorer B content- addressable memory use associative memory Planet- B spacecraft Advanced Composition Explorer use Nozomi Mars Orbiter Darkstar unmanned aerial vehicle kink bands use pilotless aircraft rocket- based combined-cycle engines reconnaissance aircraft lithium batteries aeroshells Euler-Bernoulli beam theory machine aided indexing use Euler-Bernoulli beams use indexing (information science) Euler-Bernoulli beams Boeing 717 aircraft cost benefit analysis very large transport aircraft use cost analysis VLTA (aircraft) cost effectiveness use very large transport aircraft Euler- Bernoulli beam theory X-32 aircraft use Euler-Bernoulli beams X-35 aircraft Euler- Bernoulli beams greedy algorithms bevel gears Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer spiral bevel gears AM-1 (EOS) spacecraft biomass burning use Terra spacecraft Biot-Savart law EOS AM-1 spacecraft wing- body and tail configurations use Terra spacecraft use body-wing and tail AMS (spectrometer) configurations use Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer wing- body configurations cost benefit analysis use body-wing configurations use cost analysis Boeing 717 aircraft cost effectiveness bohrium frequency domain analysis Bond number information analysis Hale- Bopp comet time domain analysis antiphase boundaries anisoplanatism biomass burning
15 cameras
C cost benefit analysis use cost analysis cost effectiveness digital cameras critical current carrier sense multiple access cascode devices quantum cryptography cuprates cellular manufacturing critical current use group technology rocket-based combined- cycle engines (manufacturing) cycloaddition chain reactions (chemistry) chain reactions (nuclear physics) Chandra X Ray Astrophysics Facility D
use X Ray Astrophysics Facility Darkstar unmanned aerial vehicle Shergotty Nakhla Chassigny meteorites use pilotless aircraft use SNC meteorites recon naissance aircraft chain reactions (chemistry) data mining EAM (physical chemistry) Deep Space 1 Mission use embedded atom method photothermal deflection spectroscopy MEAM (physical chemistry) deformable mirrors use embedded atom method Delta 3 launch vehicle transition elements (chemistry) Delta 4 launch vehicle use transition metals signal-processing-in-the-element detectors VOC (organic chemistry) use infrared detectors use volatile organic compounds SPRITE detectors clamped structures use infrared detectors environmental cleanup orbit determination Mars Climate Orbiter cascode devices cloud-to- cloud discharges MEMS (electromechanical devices) cloud-to-ground discharges use microelectromechanical systems cochannel interference dielectric loss rocket-based combined-cycle engines dielectric waveguides Hale-Bopp comet finite difference time domain method Wild 2 comet differential games Comet Nucleus Tour digital cameras e- commerce cloud-to-cloud discharges use electronic commerce cloud-to-ground discharges electronic commerce intracloud discharges free-space optical communication knowledge discovery quantum communication use data mining massive compact halo objects document indexing Advanced Composition Explorer use indexing (information science) enantiomeric compounds frequency domain analysis time use enantiomers domain analysis finite difference time domain method volatile organic compounds antiphase domains quantum computation use antiphase boundaries quantum computers DS1 (space mission) quantum computing use Deep Space 1 Mission use quantum computation dubnium nacelle wing configurations use wing nacelle configurations wing-body configurations E
use body-wing configurations e-commerce wing-body and tail configurations use electronic commerce use body-wing and tail e-mail configurations use electronic mail Unity connecting module EAM (physical chemistry) content-addressable memory use embedded atom method use associative memory EAP (polymers) CONTOUR (mission) use electroactive polymers use Comet Nucleus Tour Josephson effect H-2 control wing-in-ground effect vehicles Zarya control module thermoacoustic effects Cooper-Harper ratings ekranoplanes Transition Region and Coronal Explorer use wing-in-ground effect vehicles corrugated waveguides electroactive polymers cosmions electrochemical synthesis use weakly interacting massive PML (electromagnetism) particles use perfectly matched layers
16 hypothetical
MEMS(electromechanicaldevices) free-space optical communication use microelectromechanical systems free-space optical interconnects electronic commerce frequency domain analysis electronic structure FSOI (integrated optics) electrosynthesis use free-space optical interconnects use electrochemical synthesis fullerides signal-processing-in-the- element detectors fuselage-wing stores hybrid-Trefftz finite element method use wing-fuselage stores use finite element method fusion propulsion Trefftz method transition elements (chemistry) use transition metals elves embedded atom method G modified embedded atom method use embedded atom method Gabor filters enantiomeric compounds Gabor transformation use enantiomers antenna gain enantiomers games enantiomorphs differential games use enantiomers pursuit-evasion games renewable energy zero sum games RBCC engines soft gamma repeaters use rocket-based combined-cycle field-programmable gate arrays engines bevel gears rocket-based combined-cycle engines spiral bevel gears environmental cleanup scene generation AM-1 (EOS) spacecraft Next Generation Space Telescope project use Terra spacecraft Genesis mission EOS AM-1 spacecraft Mars Global Surveyor use Terra spacecraft Ethernet glucocorticoids Godunov method Euler-Bernoulli beam theory GOES 10 use Euler-Bernoulli beams greedy algorithms Euler-Bernoulli beams cloud-to- ground discharges evanescent waves wing-in- ground effect vehicles pursuit- evasion games group technology (manufacturing) Advanced Composition Explorer Rossi X Ray Timing Explorer use X Ray Timing Explorer Transition Region and Coronal Explorer knowledge extraction use data mining H
I-I-2 control F Hale-Bopp comet Hall thrusters Chandra X Ray Astrophysics Facility massive compact halo objects use X Ray Astrophysics Facility halon Rayleigh fading hardware-in-the-loop simulation FDTD (mathematics) hardware-in-the-loop tests use finite difference time domain use hardware-in-the-loop simulation method Cooper- Harper ratings heavy fermion superconductors hassium heavy fermion systems head up tilt ferroelastic materials heavy fermion superconductors ferroelasticity heavy fermion systems fiber pushout heavy metals Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor hindcasting field-programmable gate arrays HUT (physiology) field tests use head uptilt Gabor filters hybrid-Trefftz finite element method finite difference time domain method use finite element method hybrid-Trefftz finite element method Trefftz method use finite element method hydrophobicity Trefftz method hypothetical particles in- flight simulation Phaethon (hypothetical planet) Ringleb flow use hypothetical planets flow noise hypothetical planets
17 III
I Long March launch vehicles Zenit launch vehicles Population III stars Laves phases total impulse Biot-Savart law automatic indexing perfectly matched layers use indexing (information science) stepped leaders document indexing leaders (meteorology) use indexing (information science) thermal lenses machine aided indexing use thermal lensing use indexing (information science) thermal lensing indexing (information science) lithium batteries inflight simulation Long March launch vehicles use in-flight simulation hardware-in-the- loop simulation information analysis hardware-in-the- loop tests indexing (information science) dielectric loss FSOI (integrated optics) Lunar Prospector use free-space optical interconnects Integrated Truss Structure Z1 intelligent materials M use smart materials weakly interacting massive particles machine aided indexing proton-antiproton interactions use indexing (information science) intercalibration MACHOs (astronomy) free-space optical interconnects use massive compact halo objects optical interconnects magnetars cochannel interference magnetic nozzles intracloud discharges Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer ion optics magnetostratigraphy Iridium network e- mail Iridium satellites use electronic mail use communication satellites preventive maintenance Iridium network cellular manufacturing Service Module (iss) use group technology ISS (space station) (manufacturing) use International Space Station group technology (manufacturing) Long March launch vehicles markup languages J use document markup languages Mars Climate Orbiter Java (programming language) Mars Global Surveyor scarf joints Mars missions Josephson effect Nozomi Mars Orbiter Josephson tunneling Mars Polar Lander use Josephson effect Mars Surveyor 98 Lander use Mars Polar Lander Mars Surveyor 98 Orbiter K use Mars Climate Orbiter Mars Surveyor 98 Program kink bands Mars Surveyor 2001 Mission kinking Martian meteorites knowledge discovery use SNC meteorites use data mining massive compact halo objects knowledge extraction weakly interacting massive particles use data mining perfectly matched layers APB (materials) use antiphase boundaries L ferroelastic materials intelligent materials Mars Polar Lander use smart materials Mars Surveyor 98 Lander smart materials use Mars Polar Lander FDTD (mathematics) Java (programming language) use finite difference time domain markup languages method use document markup languages MEAM (physical chemistry) very large transport aircraft use embedded atom method Delta 3 launch vehicle Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission sat Delta 4 launch vehicle use TRMM satellite Titan 4B launch vehicle meitnerium VentureStar launch vehicle associative memory
18 planet)
content-addressable memory nanosats use associative memory use nanosatellites MEMS (electromechanical devices) nanotechnology use microelectromechanical systems nanotubes heaw metals nanotubules Martian meteorites use nanotubes use SNC meteorites proportional navigation Shergotty Nakhla Chassigny meteorites Iridium network use SNC meteorites Next Generation Space Telescope SNC meteorites project leaders (meteorology) NGST project embedded atom method use Next Generation Space finite difference time domain method Telescope project Godunov method flow noise hybrid-Trefftz finite element method Nozomi Mars Orbiter use finite element method magnetic nozzles Trefftz method chain reactions (nuclear physics) modified embedded atom method Comet Nucleus Tour use embedded atom method Bond number Trefftz method in vitro methods and tests in vivo methods and tests O MGS (spacecraft) massive compact halo objects use Mars Global Surveyor pilot opinion ratings microelectromechanical systems microsatellites use pilot ratings free-space optical communication microsats optical interconnects use microsatellites free-space optical interconnects thermocapillary migration FSOI (integrated optics) Mindlin plate theory use free-space optical interconnects use Mindlin plates ion optics Mindlin plates orbit determination Reissner- Mindlin plates Mars Climate Orbiter use Mindlin plates Mars Surveyor 98 Orbiter data mining use Mars Climate Orbiter deformable mirrors Nozomi Mars Orbiter mischmetal VOC (organic chemistry) CONTOUR (mission) use volatile organic compounds use Comet Nucleus Tour volatile organic compounds Deep Space 1 Mission DSl (space mission) use Deep Space 1 Mission P Genesis mission Mars Surveyor 2001 Mission hypothetical particles Stardust Mission weakly interacting massive particles Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission sat PDS (spectroscopy) use TRMM satellite use photothermal deflection Mars missions spectroscopy modified embedded atom method perfectly matched layers use embedded atom method Phaethon (hypothetical planet) Unity connecting module use hypothetical planets Zarya control module Laves phases Zvezda Service Module Phobos spacecraft use Service Module (ISS) photoresists Service Module (ISS) photothermal deflection space station modules spectroscopy transverse momentum EAM (physical chemistry) carrier sense multiple access use embedded atom method mutagenesis MEAM (physical chemistry) use embedded atom method chain reactions (nuclear physics) sprites (atmospheric physics) N NUT (physiology) use head uptilt nacelle wing configurations pilot opinion ratings use wing nacelle configurations use pilot ratings Shergotty Nakhla Chassigny meteorites pilot ratings use SNC meteorites Phaethon (hypothetical planet) nanosatellites use hypothetical planets
19 Planet
Planet-B spacecraft RBCC engines use Nozomi Mars Orbiter use rocket-based combined-cycle planet X engines use hypothetical planets chain reactions (chemistry) hypothetical planets chain reactions (nuclear physics) transplutonic planets red sprites use hypothetical planets use sprites (atmospheric physics) Mindlin plate theory thermoacoustic refrigerators use Mindlin plates Transition Region and Coronal Explorer Mindlin plates Reissner-Mindlin plates Reissner-Mindlin plates use Mindlin plates use Mindlin plates renewable energy PML (electromagnetism) soft gamma repeaters use perfectly matched layers Ringleb flow Mars Polar Lander rocket-based combined-cycle EAP (polymers) engines use electroactive polymers Rossi X Ray Timing Explorer electroactive polymers use X Ray Timing Explorer Population III stars wave rotors preventive maintenance RXTE (satellite) primordial stars use X Ray Timing Explorer use Population III stars ultrasonic processi ng S signal- processi ng-in-the-element detectors Mars Surveyor 98 Program water sampling Ukrainian space program Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission sat field- programmable gate arrays use TRMM satellite Java (programming language) ACE satellite Next Generation Space Telescope project use Advanced Composition Explorer NGST project RXTE (satellite) use Next Generation Space use X Ray Timing Explorer Telescope project TRACE satellite SLWT (propellant tank) use Transition Region and Coronal use external tanks Explorer propellant tanks TRMM satellite proportional navigation Iridium satellites fusion propulsion use communication satellites Lunar Prospector Iridium network proton-antiproton interactions Biot- Savart law pursuit-evasion games scarf joints fiber pushout scene generation indexing (information science) screech tones Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Q Sensor seaborgium quantum communication SeaWiFS quantum computation use Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view quantum computers Sensor quantum computing carrier sense multiple access use quantum computation Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor quantum cryptography Service Module (ISS) Zvezda Service Module use Service Module (ISS) R SGR (astronomy) use soft gamma repeaters Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission sat Shergotty Nakhla Chassigny use TRMM satellite meteorites Cooper-Harper ratings use SNC meteorites pilot ratings Shuttle Superlightweight Tank pilot opinion ratings use external tanks use pilot ratings propellant tanks slenderness ratio signal-processing-in-the-element use aspect ratio detectors Chandra X Ray Astrophysics Facility use infrared detectors use X Ray Astrophysics Facility hardware-in-the-loop simulation Rossi X Ray Timing Explorer in-flight simulation use X Ray Timing Explorer inflight simulation Rayleigh fading use in-flight simulation
20 treatment
slendernessratio Mars Surveyor 98 Lander use aspect ratio use Mars Polar Lander SLWT (propellant tank) Mars Surveyor 98 Orbiter use external tanks use Mars Climate Orbiter propellant tanks Mars Surveyor 98 Program smart materials Mars Surveyor 2001 Mission SNC meteorites time synchronization soft gamma repeaters electrochemical synthesis sonochemistry heavy fermion systems microelectromechanical use ultrasonic processing systems uncertain Deep Space 1 Mission systems DSl (space mission) use Deep Space 1 Mission free- space optical communication T free- space optical interconnects wing-body and tail configurations Ukrainian space program use body-wing and tail ISS (space station) configurations use International Space Station Shuttle Superlightweight Tank space station modules use external tanks Next Generation Space Telescope project propellant tanks space tourism SLWT (propellant tank) space weather use external tanks AM-1 (EOS) spacecraft propellant tanks use Terra spacecraft group technology (manufacturing) EOS AM-1 spacecraft Next Generation Space Telescope project use Terra spacecraft Terra spacecraft MGS (spacecraft) field tests use Mars Global Surveyor hardware-in-the-loop tests Phobos spacecraft use hardware-in-the-loop simulation Planet-B spacecraft in vitro methods and tests use Nozomi Mars Orbiter in vivo methods and tests Terra spacecraft Euler-Bernoulli beam theory Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer use Euler-Bernoulli beams AMS (spectrometer) Mindlin plate theory use Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer use Mindlin plates PDS (spectroscopy) thermal lenses use photothermal deflection use thermal lensing spectroscopy thermal lensing photothermal deflection spectroscopy thermoacoustic effects spiral bevel gears thermoacoustic refrigerators SPRITE detectors thermocapillary migration use infrared detectors Hall thrusters tilt red sprites head up use sprites (atmospheric physics) time domain analysis finite difference time domain method sprites (atmospheric physics) Stardust Mission time synchronization Rossi X Ray Timing Explorer Population III stars use X Ray Timing Explorer primordial stars Titan 4B launch vehicle use Population III stars screech tones ISS (space station) total impulse use International Space Station Comet Nucleus Tour space station modules tourism stepped leaders space tourism associative storage TRACE satellite use associative memory use Transition Region and Coronal fuselage-wing stores Explorer use wing-fuselage stores Gabor transformation electronic structure transition elements (chemistry) Integrated Truss Structure Zl use transition metals clamped structures Transition Region and Coronal zero sum games Explorer heavy fermion superconductors transplutonic planets superhumps (astronomy) use hypothetical planets Shuttle Superlightweight Tank very large transport aircraft use external tanks transverse momentum propellant tanks ultrasonic treatment Mars Global Surveyor use ultrasonic processing
21 Trefftz
hybrid- Trefftz finite element method WIG vehicles use finite element method use wing-in-ground effect vehicles Trefftz method Wild 2 comet Trefftz method WIMPs (astronomy) TRMM satellite use weakly interacting massive Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission particles sat wing-body and tail configurations use TRMM satellite use body-wing and tail Integrated Truss Structure Zl configurations Josephson tunneling wing-body configurations use Josephson effect use body-wing configurations nacelle wing configurations U use wing nacelle configurations wing-in-ground effect vehicles Ukrainian space program fuselage- wing stores ultrasonic processing use wing-fuselage stores ultrasonic treatment use ultrasonic processing uncertain systems X undercooling use supercooling planet X Unity connecting module use hypothetical planets Darkstar unmanned aerial vehicle X-32 aircraft use pilotless aircraft X-35 aircraft reconnaissance aircraft X-37 vehicle head up tilt X-43 vehicle Chandra X Ray Astrophysics Facility V use X Ray Astrophysics Facility Darkstar unmanned aerial vehicle Rossi X Ray Timing Explorer use X Ray Timing Explorer use pilotless aircraft reconnaissance aircraft Delta 3 launch vehicle Delta 4 launch vehicle Z Titan 4B launch vehicle Integrated Truss Structure Z1 VentureStar launch vehicle Zarya control module X-37 vehicle Zenit launch vehicles X-43 vehicle zero sum games Long March launch vehicles Zvezda Service Module WIG vehicles use Service Module (ISS) use wing-in-ground effect vehicles wing-in-ground effect vehicles Zenit launch vehicles VentureStar launch vehicle very large transport aircraft Sea-viewing Wide Field-of- view Sensor Sea- viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor in vitro methods and tests in vivo methods and tests VLTA (aircraft) use very large transport aircraft VOC (organic chemistry) use volatile organic compounds volatile organic compounds W
water sampling wave rotors corrugated waveguides dielectric waveguides evanescent waves weakly interacting massive particles space weather Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor
22 NASA THESAURUS SUPPLEMENT
PART 3 CHANGES
No term changes or deletions were made during this period.
23 Report Documentation Page
1. Report No. / 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. NASA/SP--2000-7501/SUPPL5 J 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date NASA Thesaurus Supplement: A Three-Part Cumulative Update July 2000 of the 1998 Edition of the NASA Thesaurus 6. Performing Organization Code AO
7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No.
10. Work Unit No.
9. Performing Organization Name and Address
NASA Scientific and Technical Information Program Office 11. Contract or Grant No.
12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered National Aeronautics and Space Administration Special Publication
Langley Research Center 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Hampton, VA 23681
15. Supplementary Notes
16. Abstract The NASA Thesaurus Supplement is a cumulative update to the 1998 edition of the NASA Thesaurus (NASA/SP-1998-7501). The Supplement, published every 6 months, includes all new terms and associated hierarchies added since the cutoff for the 1998 edition (December 1997). Parts 1 and 2 (Hierarchical Listing and Rotated Term Display) correspond to Volumes 1 and 2 of the 1998 printed edition of the NASA Thesaurus. Definitions are included in Part 1; uppercase/lowercase forms are provided in both Parts 1 and 2. Part 3 is a list of deletions or changes to valid terms.
17. Key Words (Suggested by Author(s)) 18. Distribution Statement (Major) (Minor) Unclassified - Unlimited Thesauri Indexes (Documentation) Subject Category - 82 Terminology Information Retrieval Terms Hierarchies Aeronautics Supplements Aerospace Sciences Astronautics Astronomy Dictionaries
19. Security Classif. (of this report) Unclassified 20. UnclassifiedSecurity Classif. (of this page) 21. No.34of Pages I 22. PriceA03
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