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Albina KIRAN Yüksek Lisans Tezi Türk Dili Ve Edebiyatı Anabilim Dalı Doç

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Albina KIRAN Yüksek Lisans Tezi Türk Dili Ve Edebiyatı Anabilim Dalı Doç ALIŞTIRMA VE ÖRNEKLERLE BAŞLANGIÇ SEVİYESİNDE ÇUVAŞÇA GRAMERİ Albina KIRAN Yüksek Lisans Tezi Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Anabilim Dalı Doç. Dr. Funda KARA 2013 Her Hakkı Saklıdır T.C. ATATÜRK ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TÜRK DİLİ VE EDEBİYATI ANABİLİM DALI Albina KIRAN ALIŞTIRMA VE ÖRNEKLERLE BAŞLANGIÇ SEVİYESİNDE ÇUVAŞÇA GRAMERİ YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ TEZ YÖNETİCİSİ Doç. Dr. Funda KARA ERZURUM - 2013 I İÇİNDEKİLER ÖZET ......................................................................................................................... IV ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ V İŞARET VE KISALTMALAR .................................................................................... VI ÖN SÖZ.................................................................................................................... VIII GİRİŞ ........................................................................................................................... 1 BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM ÇUVAŞ TÜRKÇESİNİN GENEL SES ÖZELLİKLERİ ve KONUŞMA İFADELERİ 1.1. ÇUVAŞ TÜRKÇESİNİN GENEL SES ve ŞEKİL ÖZELLİKLERİ ..................... 8 1.2. KONUŞMA BECERİSİ KAZANMA .................................................................. 9 1.2.1. Selamlaşma ve Vedalaşma ......................................................................... 10 1.2.2. Tanışma ..................................................................................................... 10 1.2.3. Aileyi Tanımaya Yönelik İfadeler .............................................................. 11 1.2.4. Sıradan Bir Günün Nasıl Geçirildiğine Dair Soru ve Cevaplar .................... 12 1.2.5. Hasta ile Doktor Diyalogu .......................................................................... 13 1.2.6. Günlerle İlgili Diyalog ................................................................................ 14 İKİNCİ BÖLÜM ÇUVAŞÇA ŞEKİL BİLGİSİ 2.1. FİİL (Mastar) .................................................................................................... 15 2.1.1. Zaman ve Kip Ekleri ................................................................................... 15 2.1.1.1. Zaman Ekleri ....................................................................................... 15 2.1.1.1.1. Öğrenilen Geçmiş Zaman ............................................................... 15 2.1.1.1.2. Görülen Geçmiş Zaman ................................................................. 16 2.1.1.1.3. Şimdiki-Geniş Zaman ................................................................... 19 2.1.1.1.4. Gelecek Zaman .............................................................................. 23 2.1.1.2. Tasarlama Kip Ekleri ............................................................................ 25 2.1.1.2.1. Emir Kipi ....................................................................................... 25 2.1.1.2.2. Şart Kipi ....................................................................................... 27 2.1.1.2.3. İstek Kipi ...................................................................................... 29 2.1.1.2.4. Gereklilik Kipi .............................................................................. 31 II 2.1.1.3. Cevher (i-) Fiilinin Kipleri (Rivayet, Hikâye, Şart, Geniş) .................... 34 2.1.1.4. Fiillerde Soru ...................................................................................... 41 2.2. İSİM ................................................................................................................. 41 2.2.1. Dil Bilgisi Ulamları Bakımından İsimler ..................................................... 41 2.2.2. İsimlerde Sayı ............................................................................................. 43 2.2.3. İsimlerde Cins ............................................................................................ 44 2.2.4. İsimlerde Soru ........................................................................................... 45 2.2.5. İsimlerde İyelik .......................................................................................... 45 2.2.6. İsimlerde Hâl ............................................................................................. 46 2.2.6.1. Těp Padej (Yalın Hâl) ......................................................................... 47 2.2.6.2. Kamănlăh Padejě (İlgi Hâli) ................................................................. 47 2.2.6.3. Paru Padejě (Yönelme / Belirtme Hâli) ................................................ 48 2.2.6.5. Tuhu Padejě (Ayrılma Hâli) ................................................................. 50 2.2.6.6. Pěrlelěh Padejě (Vasıta Hâli) ............................................................... 51 ăh Padejě (Yokluk Hâli) .............................................................. 52 2.2.6.8. Pirke Padejě (Sebep Hâli) .................................................................... 53 2.3. ZAMİRLER ...................................................................................................... 53 2.3.1. Şahıs Zamirleri ........................................................................................... 53 2.3.2. İşaret Zamirleri ........................................................................................... 54 2.3.3. Dönüşlülük Zamirleri .................................................................................. 55 2.4. SIFATLAR ...................................................................................................... 56 2.4.1. Niteleme Sıfatları ...................................................................................... 56 2.4.2. Belirtme Sıfatları ........................................................................................ 57 2.4.3. Gösterme Sıfatları ...................................................................................... 57 2.4.4. Soru Sıfatları .............................................................................................. 57 2.4.5. Belgisiz Sıfatları ......................................................................................... 58 2.4.6. Sayı Adlarının Sıfat Olarak Kullanılması ................................................... 58 2.4.6.1. Asıl Sayı Sıfatları ................................................................................ 58 2.4.6.2. Üleştirme Sıfatları .............................................................................. 58 2.4.6.3. Kesir Sayı Sıfatları .............................................................................. 59 2.4.6.4. Sıra Sayı Sıfatları ................................................................................. 59 2.5. ZARF ............................................................................................................... 61 2.5.1. Durum Zarfları ........................................................................................... 61 III 2.5.2. Miktar Zarfları............................................................................................ 62 2.5.3. Zaman Zarfları ........................................................................................... 62 2.5.4. Yer-Yön Zarfları ........................................................................................ 63 2.5.5. Sebep Zarfları ............................................................................................. 63 2.5.6. Soru Zarfları ............................................................................................... 64 2.5.7. Karşılaştırma Zarfları ................................................................................. 64 2.6. EDATLAR, BAĞLAÇLAR, ÜNLEMLER ...................................................... 65 2.6.1. Edatlar ........................................................................................................ 65 2.6.2. Bağlaçlar .................................................................................................... 66 2.6.3. Ünlemler .................................................................................................... 66 ÜÇÜNCÜ BÖLÜM ÇUVAŞÇA BİR METNİN İNCELENMESİ 3.1. METNİN TRANSKRİPSİYONU ..................................................................... 68 3.2. METNİN TÜRKİYE TÜRKÇESİNDEKİ KARŞILIĞI ...................................... 69 3.3. METNİN DİLBİLGİSEL ÇÖZÜMÜ ................................................................. 71 SONUÇ ...................................................................................................................... 76 KAYNAKÇA.............................................................................................................. 78 EKLER ....................................................................................................................... 80 Ek 1: CEVAPLAR .................................................................................................. 80 Ek 2: SÖZLÜK ........................................................................................................ 91 ÖZGEÇMİŞ .............................................................................................................. 100 IV ÖZET YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ ALIŞTIRMA VE ÖRNEKLERLE BAŞLANGIÇ SEVİYESİNDE ÇUVAŞÇA GRAMERİ Albina KIRAN Tez Danışmanı: Doç. Dr. Funda KARA 2013, Sayfa: 115 Jüri: Doç. Dr. Funda KARA (Danışman) Prof. Dr. Avni GÖZÜTOK Yrd. Doç. Dr. Süleyman EFENDİOĞLU Bu çalışma, Çuvaş Türkçesini öğrenmek isteyenler için başlangıç seviyesinde hazırlanmıştır.
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