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LE MANAGEMENT INTÉGRÉ DES TRANSPORTS ALGÉROIS : LE PARTENARIAT PUBLIC-PRIVÉ JURY Pr. KECHAD Rabah, (ESC

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LE MANAGEMENT INTÉGRÉ DES TRANSPORTS ALGÉROIS : LE PARTENARIAT PUBLIC-PRIVÉ JURY Pr. KECHAD Rabah, (ESC ÉCOLEÉCOLE SUPÉRIEURE SUPÉRIEURE DE DE COMMERCE COMMERCE DE DE KOLÉA KOLÉA LELE MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT INTÉGRÉINTÉGRÉ DESDES TRANSPORTSTRANSPORTS ALGÉROISALGÉROIS :: LELE PARTENARIATPARTENARIAT PUBLICPUBLIC--PRIVÉPRIVÉ ////CasCas// Métro,Métro, Tramway, Tramway, Train, Train, Téléphérique, Téléphérique, Bus, Bus, Taxis Taxis ThèseThèse de de Doctorat Doctorat en en Sciences Sciences de de GESTION GESTION OptionOption:: MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT PrésentéePrésentée parpar : : BB E E N N N N O O U U RR Latifa Latifa EncadreurEncadreur :: Pr. Pr. DAHIADAHIA Abdelhafid Abdelhafid JURYJURY Pr.Pr. KECHADKECHAD RabahRabah, , (ESC (ESC KOLÉA) KOLÉA) ……………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………….. PrésidentPrésident Pr.Pr. YAHAYAHA AissaAissa,, (Université(Université Alger Alger 3) 3)…………………………………………………………Examinateur…………………………………………Examinateur Pr.Pr. CHABANICHABANI SmainSmain,, (Ecole(Ecole HEC HECKOLÉAKOLÉA))………………………………………………………Examinateur…………………Examinateur Dr.Dr. MEDAGHMEDAGH MohamedMohamed CherifCherif ,, (Ecole(Ecole HEC HECKOLÉA)KOLÉA) ……………Examinateur……………Examinateur Dr.Dr. BELAIDIBELAIDI Abdelaziz,Abdelaziz, (ESC(ESC KOLÉA) KOLÉA)……….……………………Examinateur……….……………………Examinateur 2015/2015/ 20162016 Remerciements Avant tout je remercie Dieu d’avoir permis à ce travail modeste de voir le jour Je tiens à remercier ceux qui ont nourri le parcours dont cette thèse. C’est au Professeur DAHIA Abdelhafid que va mon premier remerciement, pour la confiance qu'il m'a faite, son aide, ses conseils. Il fut un mentor exemplaire pour ce travail. Je remercie en particulier les membres de jury à qui il appartient d'évaluer cette modeste contribution. Ma gratitude va au Président du jury Pr. KECHAD Rabah. Je le remercie d’être aussi disponible pour les jeunes chercheurs de l'ESC, attentif et affable, tout en faisant preuve d’une exigence scientifique sans faille. Je remercie chacun des membres du jury : Pr. YAHA Aissa, Pr. CHABANI Smain, Dr. MEDAGH Mohamed Cherif et le Dr. BELAIDI Abdelaziz. J’ai beaucoup appris grâce à leurs travaux aussi bien à propos de mes recherches qu’à propos de la démarche scientifique en général, et je suis par conséquent très heureuse qu’ils aient accepté d’examiner les miens. Je remercie toute ma famille BENNOUR, HAMDANI et belle famille HIMRANE qui m’ont tant soutenue et encouragée en particulier mon père, ma mère mon mari et mes enfants qui ont partagé avec moi mes moments de stress et de joie, mon beau père, ma belle mère ; mes sœurs, mon frère ; mon beau frère et ma charmante petite belle sœur ; et tout ceux de ma famille qui m’ont aidée de prés ou de loin. Je remercie aussi toutes mes amies et collègues de leur soutien moral. Un remerciement spécial à mon père et ma mère, Mr Salhi du Ministère des transports et Mme Boudaoud de l’EMA. Résumé Depuis sa création à ce jour, le « Contrat de partenariat » a été promu comme une innovation managériale majeure dans la gestion de l’interface entre secteur public et privé, qui plus est encouragé par les pouvoirs publics car il représenterait la forme idéal-typique des Partenariats Public-Privé (PPP), eux-mêmes généralement présentés comme des outils pour améliorer l’efficacité économique des projets publics. Cette nouvelle forme de contrat passée entre personne publique et secteur privé, tisse des relations de très long terme (jusqu’à trente ans) entre personne publique et différents types d’acteurs privés pour la construction, la réalisation et l'exploitation des projets (Métro, Tramway, ...), l’entretien, la maintenance, mais également le financement des infrastructures de grande envergure (barrage, autoroutes, bâtiments publics, ...). Dans ce sens, avons-nous besoin de recourir aux expériences des pays développés en matière de développement des transports urbains pour démontrer qu'aucune volonté politique de les privatiser ne peut être expliquée que par la pénurie et/ou l’excédent de fonds publics ? La réponse appropriée à cette question nécessite le développement d'une Thèse, suivie d'une Antithèse et d'une Synthèse. Thèse : la bonne réponse est sensée être tant au sein des sciences économiques que des sciences de gestion. Lesquelles sciences supposées disposant d'un socle approprié d'une démarche incontournable pour le développement en général et du secteur des transports urbains en particulier. Antithèse : dans le cas contraire, serions-nous en mesure de confirmer l'existence d'une ressource productive dont on ne parle que par allusion et à laquelle peu de travaux ont été consacrés. À s'avoir que le résultat des relations économiques dépend du pouvoir de marchandage et des croyances des agents économiques sur leurs actions et réactions mutuelles. Synthèse : partant de là, il ressort que développement des transports urbains algérois ne peut échapper a un PPP dont la réussite passe nécessairement par le rejet de l'approche néo-classique, mais surtout le recours incontournable à un Système de Management Intégré. Enfin, pour s'en convaincre faut-il démontrer que ni l’État et/ou le Secteur Privé algérien(s) n'a pu (n'ont pu) faire rouler le Métro d’Alger et le Tramway en agissant isolément et en l'absence du Partenariat Public-Privé étranger ? Mots clés : Partenariat-Public-Privé- transport urbain - État- projet d’entreprise - responsabilité sociale et sociétale - Régulation. Subvention. Summary Since its inception to date, the "partnership contract" has been promoted as a major managerial innovation in the management of the interface between public sector and private sector, further encouraged by public authorities because it would be the ideal-typical form of Public-private partnerships (PPP), themselves usually presented as tools to improve the economic efficiency of public projects. This new form of contract passed between public and private sector, woven very long term (up to 30 years) relationships between public and different types of actors for the construction, the construction and operation projects (Metro, tram,...), servicing, maintenance, but also the financing of large-scale infrastructure (dam, motorways, public buildings,...). In this sense, we need to use the experiences of the countries developed in the development of urban transport to demonstrate that no political will to privatize them cannot be explained only by the shortage or overage of public funds ? The appropriate response to this question requires the development of a Thesis, followed by an Antithesis and Synthesis. Thesis : the correct answer is supposed be both in economics and Management Sciences. Which science supposed with an appropriate base a must for development in general approach and the sector of urban transport in particular. Antithesis : otherwise, would we be able to confirm the existence of a productive resource talked by reference and to which few works have been dedicated. To have only the result of economic relations depends on the power to bargain and the beliefs of economic agents on their actions and mutual reactions. Synthesis : from here, it is clear that the Algiers urban transportation development cannot escape has a PPP whose success requires the rejection of the neoclassical approach, but especially the unavoidable use of an integrated Management System. Finally, to be convinced should demonstrate that neither the State or sector private Algerian (s) could not (could not) roll the Algiers Metro and tram, acting alone and in the absence of the Foreign Public-private partnership ? key words : private-Public-Partnership - urban transport - State-enterprise - social responsibility and social - control project. Grant. ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻧﺸﺌﺎ هت إﻟﻰ ﯾﻮﻣﻨﺎ ھﺬا، "ﻋﻘﺪ ﺷﺮاﻛﺔ اﻟﻌﻢ ةوﻣﻲ و اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ" ﺗﻢ اﻹﺷﮭﺎر ﻟﮫ ﻛﺘﺠﺪﯾﺪ ﺗﺴﯿﯿﺮي ﻛﺒﯿﺮ و ﻣﮭﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺴﯿﯿﺮ اﻟﻮاﺟﮭﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻲ واﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﺨﺎص، و اﻟﺬي زﯾﺎدة ﻋﻦ ذاﻟﻚ ﻣﺸﺠﻊ ﻣﻦ طﺮف اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎت اﻟﻊﻣﻮم ةي ﺣﯿﺚ اﻧﮫ ﯾﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻨﻮع ا لﺷﺮاﻛﺎت اﻟﻊﻣﻮم ةي واﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ، اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ھﻢ ﻋﺎمة ﻣﻤﺜﻠﯿﻦ ﻛﺄدوات ﻣﻦ اﺟﻞ ﺗﺤﺴﯿﻦ اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﯾﻊ اﻟﻊ ةﻣﻮﻣﻲ. ھﺬا اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ لﻟﻌﻖود اﻟﻤﺒﺮمة ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﺦص عﻣﻮﻣﻲ واﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﺨﺎص، ﯾﻨﺴﺞ ﻋﻼﻗﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺪى اﻟﻄﻮﯾﻞ (ﺗﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ 30 ﺳﻨﺔ) ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺸﺦص اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻲ و ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ أﺷﻜﺎل أﻋﻮان اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﺨﺎص ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﻹﻧﺠﺎز، اﻟﺒﻨﺎء، و اﺳﺘﻐﻼل الﻣﺸﺎرﯾﻊ (اﻟﻤﺘﺮو واﻟﺘﺮاموى،...)، الﺧﺪﻣﺔ، الﺻﯿﺎﻧﺔ، اﻟﺘﺼﻠﯿﺢ و ﺣﺘﻰ الﺗﻤﻮﯾﻞ لﻟﺒﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺘﯿﺔ ذات الﺑﻌﺪ الﻛﺒﯿﺮ (اﻟﺴﺪود، واﻟﻄﺮقات اﻟﺴﺮﯾﻌﺔ، واﻟﻤﺸﺎءات اﻟﻊﻣﻮمية،...). ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻻﺗﺠﺎه، ھﻞ ﻧﺤﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻠﺠﻮء ﻟﺘﺠﺎرب اﻟﺒﻠﺪان اﻟﻤﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺑﺤﺼﺺ اﻟﺖطﻮر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﺤﻀﺮي ﻟﻺ ﺛﺒﺎت أﻧﮫ ﻻ إدارة ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﻟﺨﻮﺻﺼﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ أن ﺗﻔﺴﺮ إﻻ ﺑﻨﺪرة و أو ﻓﺎﺋﺾ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺰ ةﯾﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﯿﺔ ? لﻟﺮد اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ھﺬا اﻟﺴﺆال ﯾﺖوجب ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ وضع أطﺮوﺣﺔ، ﻣﺘﺒﻮﻋﺔ ﴿بﻧﻘﯿﺾ﴾ أطﺮوﺣﺔ مضادة و اﻟﺘﻮﻟﯿﻒ. اﻷطﺮوﺣﺔ: اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺤﺔ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻓﻲ الﻋﻠﻮم اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد ةي و ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﺘﺴﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﺎ؛ ﻋﻠﻮم ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺮض أن ﯾﻀﻤﻮا مﺟﻤﻮﻋﮫ ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺨﻄﻮات اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﻧﻘﺎ ش ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ أ ﺟﻞ اﻟﺘﻨﻤﯿﺔ ﺑﺼﻔﮫ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ وﺗﻨﻤﯿﺔ وﻗﻄﺎع اﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﺤﻀﺮي ﺧﺎﺻﺔ . ﻧﻘﯿﺾ: ﺧﻼف ذﻟﻚ، ھﻞ ﻧﺤﻦ ﻗﺎدرﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ أ اﻟﺖﻛﯿﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻮد ﻣﻮارد ﻣﻨﺘﺞة التي ﻻ ﻧﺖﺣﺪث ﻋﻨﮭﺎ إﻻ ﺑﺈﯾﺤﺎء واﻟﺘﻲ ةﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺧﺼﺼﺖ ﻟﮭﺎ ، ﺣﯿﺚ ﻧﺖاﺋﺞ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾﺔ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂة ﺑﺴﻠﻂة اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼت و اﻋﺘﻘﺎدات اﻷﻋﻮان اﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾﯿﻦ ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﯾﺨﺺ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل وردود اﻷ ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎدﻟﺔ. اﻟﺘﻮﻟﯿﻒ: إ ﻧﻄﻼ ﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ه ذا، ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ أن ﺗﻄﻮﯾﺮ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﺤﻀﺮي اﻟﺠﺰاﺋﺮي ﻻ يﺳﺘﻄﯿﻊ اﻟﮭﺮوب ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺮاﻛﺔ اﻟﻊﻣﻮم ةي ـ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ذات اﻟﻨﺠﺎح اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻖ ضرورة ﺑﺮفض ةاﻟﻤﻘﺎرب اﻟﻨﯿﻮﻛﻼﺳﯿﻜﯿﺔ و اﻟﻠﺠﻮء إﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم أﻟﺘﺴﯿﯿﺮي اﻟﻤﺪﻣﺞ ﺑﺎ ﻟﺾرورة۰ أﺧﯿﺮا ﻟﻼﻗﺘﻨﺎع ھﻞ ﯾﺠﺐ ا ﺛﺒﺎت اﻧﮫ ﻻ ةاﻟﺪول و أو اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﺨﺎص اﻟﺠﺰاﺋﺮي أﺳﺘﻄﺎع أن ﯾﻨﺠﺰ و ﯾﺴﺘﻐﻞ ﻣﺘﺮو اﻟﺠﺰاﺋﺮ أو ﺗﺮﻣﻮاي ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪا ﻓﻲ ﻏﯿﺎب اﻟﺸﺮاﻛﺔ اﻟﻊﻣﻮم ةي ـ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ةاﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ? اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﻲة : اﻟﺸﺮاﻛﺔ - اﻟﻌﺎم - اﻟﺨﺎص- ﺷﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﺤﻀﺮي- اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ-اﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﯿﺔ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ واﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﯿﺔ- ﻣﺸﺮوع ةاﻟﻤﺆﺳﺲ – اﻟﻀﺒﻂ - اﻟﺘﺪﻋﯿﻢ. 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