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Magisterarbeit View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by OTHES MAGISTERARBEIT Titel der Magisterarbeit „Der Sport als propagandistisches Instrument. Eine Analyse der Zeitschrift ‚Politische Leibeserziehung’ 1936 bis 1939“ Verfasserin STEINER Nicole, Bakk. phil angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Philosophie (Mag. phil) Wien, März 2011 Studienkennzahl lt. A 066/841 Studienblatt: Studienrichtung lt. Publizistik- und Kommunikationswissenschaft Studienblatt: Betreuerin / Betreuer: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Duchkowitsch Danksagung Vorweg möchte ich mich kurz bei denjenigen Personen bedanken, die mir im Verlauf der Arbeit besonders geholfen haben. Allen voran möchte ich mich bei meinem Betreuer, Univ.-Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Duchkowitsch, bedanken: Vielen lieben Dank für Ihre konstruktive und positive Kritik. Ihr Interesse für meine Arbeit war eine besondere Motivation für mich. Ein großes Dankeschön möchte ich ebenso an meinen Vater richten: Danke vielmals, dass ich mich durch Deine Unterstützung ganz meinem Studium widmen konnte. Ich danke Dir für alles. Einen Dank möchte ich auch meinem Großvater aussprechen, der mir in letzter Minute eine große Hilfe war. Vielen Dank Nikolaus für Deine wertvollen Ratschläge und vor allem für Deine Geduld. Abkürzungsverzeichnis AHS („Adolf Hitler Schulen“) BDM („Bund Deutscher Mädel“) DRA („Deutscher Reichsausschuss für Leibesübungen“) DRL („Deutscher Reichsbund für Leibesübungen“) HJ („Hitlerjugend“) KdF („Kraft durch Freude“) KLV („Kinderlandverschickung“) NAPOLA („Nationalpolitische Erziehungsanstalten“) NSDAP („Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei“) NSLB („Nationalsozialistischer Lehrerbund“) NSRL („Nationalsozialistischer Reichsbund für Leibesübungen“) REM („Reichsministerium für Erziehung, Wissenschaft und Volksbildung“) SA („Sturmabwehr“) SS („Schutzstaffel“) Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung ....................................................................................................................... 1 2. Forschungsstand ............................................................................................................ 4 2.1. Forschungsleitende Fragestellungen für den Theorieteil.......................................8 3. Theoretischer Bezugsrahmen ........................................................................................9 3.1. Kommunikationstheoretischer Hintergrund..........................................................9 3.1.1. Die gesellschaftliche Bedeutung der Massenkommunikation.........................9 3.2. Autoritäre Medienpolitik - Propaganda als Instrument zur Meinungsbeeinflussung............................................................................................... 10 3.2.1. Zum Begriff Propaganda ................................................................................ 10 3.2.2. Techniken der Propaganda............................................................................ 12 3.2.3. Nationalsozialistische Propaganda................................................................ 14 3.2.4. Funktion von Massenmedien und -Veranstaltungen für den Propagandaapparat.................................................................................................. 16 4. Sporthistorischer Kontext.............................................................................................17 4.1. „Turnvater Jahn“....................................................................................................17 4.2. Sport in der Weimarer Republik .......................................................................... 19 4.2.1. Die Spaltung des Sports ................................................................................. 19 5. Sportpolitik im „Dritten Reich“ ................................................................................... 21 5.1.1. Die Geburtsstunde des „Deutschen Reichsbundes für Leibesübungen“ (DRL) ..................................................................................................................................22 5.1.2. Die Umbenennung des DRL in den NSRL..................................................... 25 6. Die Implementierung des Sports in die ideologischen Grundsätze............................ 27 6.1. Rasseprinzip .......................................................................................................... 27 6.2. Gemeinschaftsprinzip...........................................................................................29 6.3. Führerprinzip........................................................................................................30 6.4. Der „gesunde Volkskörper“ .................................................................................. 31 6.5. Wehrtüchtigkeit ....................................................................................................32 6.6. Massensport – Sport für alle ................................................................................32 6.7. Von der Zweckfreiheit zur Instrumentalisierung des Sports............................... 33 7. Erziehungspolitik im NS- Staat ...................................................................................34 7.1. Erziehungspolitische Grundsätze Adolf Hitlers.................................................... 35 7.2. Zum Problem von Erziehung und Pädagogik im Nationalsozialismus ............... 38 7.3. Alfred Baeumlers „Politische Leibeserziehung“................................................... 39 8. Sport in der Schule ...................................................................................................... 42 8.1. Die nationalsozialistische Schulpolitik................................................................. 43 8.2. Historischer Abriss............................................................................................... 44 8.3. Die Leibeserziehung im Schulsystem der NS-Diktatur....................................... 47 8.4. Geschlechterspezifische Richtlinien .................................................................... 48 8.4.1. „Richtlinien für Leibeserziehung an Jungenschulen“ .................................. 48 8.4.2. „Richtlinien für Leibeserziehung an Mädchenschulen“............................... 49 8.5. Geschlechterspezifische Leibeserziehung............................................................ 50 8.6. Zur Bedeutung der Schule im Vergleich mit Organisationen der NSDAP...........51 9. Körperliche Ertüchtigung im Rahmen außerschulischer Organisationen................. 53 9.1. „Hitlerjugend“ (HJ) .............................................................................................. 53 9.2. „Bund deutscher Mädel“ (BDM) .......................................................................... 54 9.3. „Sturmabteilung“ (SA)...........................................................................................57 9.4. „Schutzstaffel“ (SS)............................................................................................... 59 9.5. „Kraft durch Freude“ (KdF)...................................................................................61 9.6. „Nationalpolitische Erziehungsanstalten“ (NAPOLA) ........................................ 63 10. Zum Rollenverständnis der Frau im „Dritten Reich“ ............................................... 65 10.1. Der Stellenwert der Frau im NS-Sportsystem.................................................... 65 10.2. Das Frauenbild im Nationalsozialismus ............................................................ 65 10.3. Die Glorifizierung der Frau - der NS-Mutterkult............................................... 67 10.4. Schlussbetrachtung: Funktion des Frauensports für den deutschen Faschismus ...................................................................................................................................... 68 11. Empirische Untersuchung.......................................................................................... 69 11.1. Forschungsleitende Fragestellungen................................................................... 69 11.1.1. Quantitative Analyse ..................................................................................... 69 11.1.2. Qualitative Analyse ....................................................................................... 69 12. Methodische Herangehensweise ............................................................................... 70 12.1. Untersuchungsgegenstand.................................................................................. 70 12.1.1. Der Herausgeber............................................................................................ 71 12.1.2. Die Schriftleiter............................................................................................. 72 12.1.3. Untersuchungszeitraum ............................................................................... 73 12.2. Deskriptive Analyse............................................................................................. 73 12.2.1. Formale und inhaltliche Gestaltungskriterien............................................. 73 12.2.2. Zielgruppe..................................................................................................... 75 12.2.3. Ziele der Zeitschrift ...................................................................................... 75 13. Die Inhaltsanalyse ...................................................................................................... 75 13.1. Allgemeine Aspekte zur qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse
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