DOCSLIB.ORG

By Thomas Zawadzki* 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

by Thomas Zawadzki* 1. Literature of Germany after World War Two, far more inter- ntil now only a few attempts at research esting is the study of the time before the founding have been made to analyse the biography of of the German Empire as LEWALD was born 12 years UTheodor LEWALD. The first one to be mentioned is after the Revolution of 1848. Further viewpoints to Arnd KRÜGER who in 1975 issued the work Theodor be taken into consideration are LEWALD'S activities Lewald. Sportführer ins Dritte Reich [Sports Leader in German Sports (Con-) Federations, in interna- into the Third Reich]. It was published as the third tional umbrella organisations, and especially his volume of the series entitled 'Turn und Sportfuhrer efforts for the genesis of the Olympic Movement. im Dritten Reich" [Gymnastics and Sports Leaders For this purpose LEWALD'S official functions in the in the Third Reich] which was published by the IOC have to be studied, starting with his election German publishing house Bartels & Wernitz from into the IOC by postal vote in 1924 and his "with- 1970 till 1976. On 144 pages KRÜGER described drawal" after the Olympic Games of Berlin. the familiar life and career of the half-Jew. Other All this research leads to the inclusion of several personalities treated in this series are Edmund aspects, namely sports, politics, culture, media and NEUENDORFF1, Youth Leader of the Deutsche society, in combination with the name of Theodor Turnerschaft, Hans von TSCHAMMER und OSTEN2, LEWALD. The last point to mention but one of the 3 "Reichssportführer", Carl KRÜMMEL , President of first to study are the networks created and used by the Reichsakademie für Leibesübungen, and Guido LEWALD, maybe one of the most important ones: the 4 von MENGDEN , publicist and spokesman of the close collaboration and relation with Carl DIEM.9 Reichssportfuhrer.5 KRÜGER up-dated some of the results of the research together with Rolf PFEIFFER 2.2. Literature Analysis 6 and re-published them in 1995. It seems reasonable to start by studying the litera- At the German Sport University a diploma thesis ture on German history. This facilitates an objec- was delivered in 1984 by Thomas KESEBERG entitled tive access to the personality Theodor LEWALD in Die Lebensarbeit Theodor Lewalds in Dokumenten. On his time. It is impossible to analyse a person who 42 pages the author depicted LEWALD'S life's work lived over half a century ago by contemporary and added another 270 pages of documents to his benchmarks and norms. In connection with this lit- thesis. The consultants to this thesis were Liselott erature on foreign politics especially German poli- DIEM and Karl LENNARTZ.7 tics in the East (today territory of the Polish state) The first of these three works may be regarded in which Theodor LEWALD was involved has to be as the fundamental work on LEWALD, although it pre-processed. As he also had very good connec- seems that KRUGER did not have full access to the tions with the USA, the relationship between the records which were stored in the Central Archives German Empire and the Weimar Republic, respec- in Potsdam. tively, and the United States has to be analysed.10 One important aspect of research here is LEWALD'S 2. Fundamental methodological aspects involvement in the World's Fairs 1900 in Paris and 11 2.1. Biographical methods8 1904 in St. Louis. The aim of the research is to study Theodor Finally works by LEWALD have to be collected LEWALD'S life under certain standpoints as it has and studied in order to form a picture of his work become usual in the modern genre of biography- in politics and sport.12 writing (Biographik). This means that an analysis of LEWALD'S childhood and schooldays, his further 2.3. Archival Research education and professional career as well as his oth- Dealing with the networks which Theodor LEWALD er activities, has to be included. Special periods of maintained it will also be necessary to analyse the German history also have to be treated: the German letters he wrote to colleagues and other officials, es- Empire (1871-1918), the Weimar Republic (1919- pecially in and about sports. Important addresses 1933) and the National Socialist Third Reich (1933- to visit are here the Carl and Liselott Diem Archives 1945). Due to the fact that LEWALD died in 1947 it situated in Cologne which store the correspondence seems not necessary to analyse the founding period between Carl DIEM and Theodor LEWALD13, and the 58 JOURNAL OF OLYMPIC HISTORY 14(MARCH 2006)1 IOC Archives in Lausanne which possess copies of the letters written by IOC members and officials to LEWALD. Further Archives to visit are the (German) Federal Archives in Potsdam where material on LEWALD was collected. Furthermore private collec- tors have already been asked for support.14 3. B i o g r a p h y In the official publication of the Deutsche Olympische Gesellschaft [German Olympic Society]15 which bears the (labelling) title Olympisches Feuer [Olympic Fire]16 Carl DIEM published a commemorative arti- cle on Theodor LEWALD.17 This article owns a special power and a lot of information on the life and work of Theodor LEWALD18, which is why in the follow- ing an English translation of it is presented, which contains some annotations by the author. "Theodor Lewald - in commemoration 18 August 1860 - 15 April 1947 During the preparations of the celebration of the VI modern Olympiad conferred on Berlin (1916) the Reichsamt des Innern [the Reich's Department of the Theodor Lewald (from: Amtlicher Interior] provided the budget of the year 1915 with Bericht1936) a first rate of 40,000 Goldmark. To everyone's sur- prise the budget commission rejected the sum due area of responsibility and became an umbrella or- to political annoyance at something distant. Then ganisation for Turnen23 and Sport under the name the Ministerialdirektor [head of the ministry de- of "DRA für Leibesübungen" [German Reich's partment] and deputy commissioner of the Federal Committee for Physical Exercise], and LEWALD be- Council, LEWALD, gave reasons for this attempt to came its first President in 1919 after the adoption support physical exercise out of the Reich's budget of the constitution. At that time he was Secretary in front of the Parliament on February 14th, 1914 in of State in the Reich's Ministry of the Interior, an thrilling address which was characterized by his worked on the Weimar Constitution, headed the belief in the cultural values of sports and the power negotiations about the Rhineland statutes with the of the Olympic Idea, thus the sum was approved Allies and strove to add the sound traditions of the by an overwhelming majority in the plenum. Reich's administration to the construction of the In 1900 in Paris and in 1904 in St. Louis LEWALD new Reich which was still in the turmoil of political had been commissioner of the Reich's Cabinet at overthrow. the German department of the respective World's Still he had time for his new task. He accept- Fair and become familiar with the Olympic ed and executed it in a superior way. He tackled Games.19 Little as these events may have displayed the idea of the Playground Law24; he spoke on the the Olympic Idea, LEWALD'S historical education public-playground advertising day in front of the and his being aware of what was culturally funda- Reichstag building at the Bismarck monument, he 20 mental were strong enough to disclose the true led the negotiations on the founding of the Deutsche kernel in a poor shell: He supported the German Hochschule für Leibesübungen25, a private institu- participation and was a sophisticated assistant to tion, and gained the approval of the University 21 the team on the spot. of Berlin, of the Prussian Ministry of Culture, Thus people's confidence in him grew. The and of the Reich's Cabinet. He overcame the re- Deutscher Reichsausschuß für Olympische Spiele sistance to "Reichsjugendkampfe" [Reich's Youth [German Reichs Commission for Olympic Games] Competitions] (today Bundesjugendspiele [Federal asked the high-ranking official who had been ap- Youth Games])26 and inaugurated the Deutsche pointed to Sub-secretary of State in 1917 and soon Kampfspiele [All-German Championships] in 1922, to a Wirklich Geheimer Rat [Privy Councillor] namely the National Olympic Games for Germans with the title Excellency to succeed General von all over the world!27 PODBIELSKI22 in his presidency. In the meantime re- Meanwhile he had retired from the Ministry of forms had been prepared. The Reich's Committee the Interior after thirty years of duty in the Reich which had arisen with the Olympics extended its and led as the plenipotentiary the negotiations JOURNAL OF OLYMPIC HISTORY 14(MARCH 2006)1 59 All these activities were connected with his Olympic Activity. Courage was necessary to bring the All-German Championships into being in the post-war turmoil, as well as the National Olympia demanded in vain by so many men ever since the times of the Zentral-Ausschuß für Volks und Jugendspiele [Central Commission for People's and Youth' Games]. And superior humaneness was needed to pull the Turnerschaft and other Sports Federations out of their offside position, for the Turnerschaft was worried about its Turnfeste [Gymnastics Celebrations] and - some of the federa- tions - about their other sources of income. Nobody really wanted to do anything about it, and yet - and LEWALD knew this - it was only through such a joint challenge that the feeling of one united cultural movement, absolutely necessary for the participa- tion in the international Olympia [sic!], could arise.
Recommended publications
  • The German North Sea Ports' Absorption Into Imperial Germany, 1866–1914

    The German North Sea Ports' Absorption Into Imperial Germany, 1866–1914

    From Unification to Integration: The German North Sea Ports' absorption into Imperial Germany, 1866–1914 Henning Kuhlmann Submitted for the award of Master of Philosophy in History Cardiff University 2016 Summary This thesis concentrates on the economic integration of three principal German North Sea ports – Emden, Bremen and Hamburg – into the Bismarckian nation- state. Prior to the outbreak of the First World War, Emden, Hamburg and Bremen handled a major share of the German Empire’s total overseas trade. However, at the time of the foundation of the Kaiserreich, the cities’ roles within the Empire and the new German nation-state were not yet fully defined. Initially, Hamburg and Bremen insisted upon their traditional role as independent city-states and remained outside the Empire’s customs union. Emden, meanwhile, had welcomed outright annexation by Prussia in 1866. After centuries of economic stagnation, the city had great difficulties competing with Hamburg and Bremen and was hoping for Prussian support. This thesis examines how it was possible to integrate these port cities on an economic and on an underlying level of civic mentalities and local identities. Existing studies have often overlooked the importance that Bismarck attributed to the cultural or indeed the ideological re-alignment of Hamburg and Bremen. Therefore, this study will look at the way the people of Hamburg and Bremen traditionally defined their (liberal) identity and the way this changed during the 1870s and 1880s. It will also investigate the role of the acquisition of colonies during the process of Hamburg and Bremen’s accession. In Hamburg in particular, the agreement to join the customs union had a significant impact on the merchants’ stance on colonialism.
  • The Berlin Olympics: Sports, Anti-Semitism, and Propaganda in Nazi Germany Nathan W

    The Berlin Olympics: Sports, Anti-Semitism, and Propaganda in Nazi Germany Nathan W

    Student Publications Student Scholarship Spring 2016 The Berlin Olympics: Sports, Anti-Semitism, and Propaganda in Nazi Germany Nathan W. Cody Gettysburg College Follow this and additional works at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/student_scholarship Part of the European History Commons, Political History Commons, Social History Commons, and the Sports Studies Commons Share feedback about the accessibility of this item. Cody, Nathan W., "The Berlin Olympics: Sports, Anti-Semitism, and Propaganda in Nazi Germany" (2016). Student Publications. 434. https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/student_scholarship/434 This is the author's version of the work. This publication appears in Gettysburg College's institutional repository by permission of the copyright owner for personal use, not for redistribution. Cupola permanent link: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/student_scholarship/ 434 This open access student research paper is brought to you by The uC pola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of The uC pola. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Berlin Olympics: Sports, Anti-Semitism, and Propaganda in Nazi Germany Abstract The aN zis utilized the Berlin Olympics of 1936 as anti-Semitic propaganda within their racial ideology. When the Nazis took power in 1933 they immediately sought to coordinate all aspects of German life, including sports. The process of coordination was designed to Aryanize sport by excluding non-Aryans and promoting sport as a means to prepare for military training. The 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin became the ideal platform for Hitler and the Nazis to display the physical superiority of the Aryan race. However, the exclusion of non-Aryans prompted a boycott debate that threatened Berlin’s position as host.
  • The Story of the Olympic Hymn: the Poet and His Composer

    The Story of the Olympic Hymn: the Poet and His Composer

    The Story of the Olympic Hymn: the poet and his composer By Volker Kluge The Olympic Hymn by Thereafter a jury made up of IOC and US representatives Richard Strauss was would choose the winner. In fact, the prize jury consisted recognised by the only of Americans. Their countryman, pianist Walter IOC in 1936 as official. Bradley Keeler 4 was awarded first prize.5 As the Organising Bradley Keeler’s work, written in the style of an Anglo- Committee of the American church hymn, was played on 30th July 1932 at XI Olympiad was not the opening ceremony of the Games of the Xth Olympiad, in the position of as the Olympic flag rose to the top of the mast. For this the paying Strauss the Organising Committee had assembled a band with 300 10,000 marks he musicians: the Olympic choir – 1200 women and men demanded, it had the – sang the lyrics composed by Louis F. Benson. The text, score printed in large which called on the athletes no longer to fear the hand quantities and sold of the tyrant and to keep faith with liberty, was printed them for one mark. in the day’s programme so many spectators sang along.6 The profit benefited The hymn proved popular, which is why the poet the composer, but Alfred von Kessel translated it into German.7 The the lyricist was left translation was probably intended for the IOC Session empty-handed. in Vienna, but when this was opened on 7th June 1933 in the Academy of Sciences, the choir did not perform Photos: Deutsches Literatur- archiv Marbach, Volker Kluge Kessel’s text but a revised version which was one verse Archive shorter.
  • 78-5890 MECHIKOFF, Robert Alan, 1949- the POLITICALIZATION of the XXI OLYMPIAD

    78-5890 MECHIKOFF, Robert Alan, 1949- the POLITICALIZATION of the XXI OLYMPIAD

    78-5890 MECHIKOFF, Robert Alan, 1949- THE POLITICALIZATION OF THE XXI OLYMPIAD. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1977 Education, physical University Microfilms International,Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 © Copyright by Robert Alan Mechikoff 1977 THE POLITICALIZATION OF THE XXI OLYMPIAD DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Robert Alan Mechikoff, B.A., M.A. The Ohio State University 1977 Reading Committee Approved By Seymour Kleinman, Ph.D. Barbara Nelson, Ph.D. Lewis Hess, Ph.D. / Adviser / Schoc/l of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation This study is dedicated to Angela and Kelly Mechikoff; Alex and Aileen Mechikoff; Frank, Theresa, and Anthony Riforgiate; and Bob and Rosemary Steinbauer. Without their help, understanding and encouragement, the completion of this dissertation would not be possible. VITA November 7, 1949........... Born— Whittier, California 1971......................... B.A. , California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach California 1972-1974....................Teacher, Whittier Union High School District, Whittier, California 1975......................... M.A. , California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, California 1975-197 6 ....................Research Assistant, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1976-197 7....................Instructor, Department of Physical Education, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Physical Education Studies in Philosophy of Sport and Physical Education. Professor Seymour Kleinman Studies in History of Sport and Physical Education. Professor Bruce L. Bennett Studies in Administration of Physical Education. Professor Lewis A. Hess TABLE OF CONTENTS Page DEDICATION................................................. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.......................................... iii VITA........................................................ iv Chapter I.
  • Vom Erscheinungsbild Zum „Corporate Design“: Beiträge Zum Entwicklungsprozess Von Otl Aicher

    Vom Erscheinungsbild Zum „Corporate Design“: Beiträge Zum Entwicklungsprozess Von Otl Aicher

    Vom Erscheinungsbild zum „Corporate Design“: Beiträge zum Entwicklungsprozess von Otl Aicher Nadine Schreiner Als Dissertation eingereicht bei der Bergischen Universität Wuppertal Fachbereich F: Architektur-Design-Kunst Wuppertal, im Juni 2005 Die Dissertation kann wie folgt zitiert werden: urn:nbn:de:hbz:468-20050270 [http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn%3Anbn%3Ade%3Ahbz%3A468-20050270] Mein ausdrücklicher Dank gilt, Prof. Dr. phil. Dr. h. c. Siegfried Maser und Prof. Dr. phil. Burghart Schmidt, für die äußerst wertvolle Unterstützung und Zusammenarbeit. Inhalt Einleitung 1 1. Kapitel Frühe Projekte 1.0 Frühe Projekte 4 1.1 Plakate Ulmer Volkshochschule 1945-62 4 1.2 Firma Max Braun, (Elektrogeräte) 1954-62 12 1.3 Deutsche Lufthansa 1962-64 21 1.4 Resümee 39 2. Kapitel XX. Olympische Spiele 1972 in München 2.0 Einleitung 40 2.1 Farbkodierung 43 2.2 Emblem 48 2.3 Eine humane Schrift – die Univers 54 2.4 Münchner Verkehrsschrift – Traffic 56 2.5 Typografisches System – Ordnungsprinzipien 60 2.6 Plakate 64 2.7 Piktogramme 67 2. 8 Urbanes Gestaltungskonzept – Fahnen 74 2. 9 Einkleidung 77 2.10 Olympia-Souvenirs 78 2.11 Architektur 84 2.12 Resümee 86 3. Kapitel Die Zeit nach Olympia – die 70er Jahre 3.0 Einleitung 89 3.1 Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen 95 3.2 Studioausstattung 95 3.3 Visuelle Konstanten und Elemente – Farbkodierung 98 3.4 Hausschrift und Logogramm 100 3.5 Senderkennzeichen 101 3.6 Bildschirm – Raster und Anwendungen 103 3.7 ZDF-Uhr – analog oder digital 104 3.8 Satzspiegel und Typografie 104 3.9 Beschilderung und Information 106 3.10 Objekte und Fahrzeuge 108 3.11 Resümee über ein neues Selbstverständnis 109 3.12 Re-Design Stufen im Erscheinungsbild ZDF 110 3.13 Zum Vergleich: 112 Das visuelle Erscheinungsbild des Südwestfunks von Herbert W.
  • Magisterarbeit

    Magisterarbeit

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by OTHES MAGISTERARBEIT Titel der Magisterarbeit „Der Sport als propagandistisches Instrument. Eine Analyse der Zeitschrift ‚Politische Leibeserziehung’ 1936 bis 1939“ Verfasserin STEINER Nicole, Bakk. phil angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Philosophie (Mag. phil) Wien, März 2011 Studienkennzahl lt. A 066/841 Studienblatt: Studienrichtung lt. Publizistik- und Kommunikationswissenschaft Studienblatt: Betreuerin / Betreuer: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Duchkowitsch Danksagung Vorweg möchte ich mich kurz bei denjenigen Personen bedanken, die mir im Verlauf der Arbeit besonders geholfen haben. Allen voran möchte ich mich bei meinem Betreuer, Univ.-Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Duchkowitsch, bedanken: Vielen lieben Dank für Ihre konstruktive und positive Kritik. Ihr Interesse für meine Arbeit war eine besondere Motivation für mich. Ein großes Dankeschön möchte ich ebenso an meinen Vater richten: Danke vielmals, dass ich mich durch Deine Unterstützung ganz meinem Studium widmen konnte. Ich danke Dir für alles. Einen Dank möchte ich auch meinem Großvater aussprechen, der mir in letzter Minute eine große Hilfe war. Vielen Dank Nikolaus für Deine wertvollen Ratschläge und vor allem für Deine Geduld. Abkürzungsverzeichnis AHS („Adolf Hitler Schulen“) BDM („Bund Deutscher Mädel“) DRA („Deutscher Reichsausschuss für Leibesübungen“) DRL („Deutscher Reichsbund für Leibesübungen“) HJ („Hitlerjugend“) KdF („Kraft durch Freude“) KLV („Kinderlandverschickung“) NAPOLA („Nationalpolitische
  • German Historical Institute London Bulletin Vol 29 (2007), No. 1

    German Historical Institute London Bulletin Vol 29 (2007), No. 1

    German Historical Institute London Bulletin Volume XXIX, No. 1 May 2007 CONTENTS Seminars 3 Articles Hitler’s Games: Race Relations in the 1936 Olympics (David Clay Large) 5 The Long Shadows of the Second World War: The Impact of Experiences and Memories of War on West German Society (Axel Schildt) 28 Review Articles Prussian Junkers (William W. Hagen) 50 Flirting with Hitler: Biographies of the German and British Nobility in the Interwar Years (Karina Urbach) 64 Book Reviews Dieter Berg, Die Anjou-Plantagenets: Die englischen Könige im Europa des Mittelalters (1100–1400) (Karsten Plöger) 75 Lyndal Roper, Witch Craze: Terror and Fantasy in Baroque Germany (Johannes Dillinger) 79 Helke Rausch, Kultfigur und Nation: Öffentliche Denkmäler in Paris, Berlin und London 1848–1914 (Matthew Jefferies) 85 Sonja Levsen, Elite, Männlichkeit und Krieg: Tübinger und Cambridger Studenten 1900–1929 (Thomas Weber) 89 Zara Steiner, The Lights that Failed: European International History 1919–1933 (Eckart Conze) 97 (cont.) Contents Michael Kater, Hitler Youth (Sybille Steinbacher) 101 James J. Barnes and Patience P. Barnes, Nazis in Pre-War London, 1930–1939: The Fate and Role of German Party Members and British Sympathizers (Lothar Kettenacker) 107 Dieter Kuntz and Susan Bachrach (eds.), Deadly Medicine: Creating the Master Race (Winfried Süß) 112 Kazimierz Sakowicz, Ponary Diary, 1941–1943: A Bystander’s Account of a Mass Murder; Rachel Margolis and Jim G. Tobias (eds.), Die geheimen Notizen des K. Sakowicz: Doku- mente zur Judenvernichtung in Ponary (Helmut Walser Smith) 115 Bastian Hein, Die Westdeutschen und die Dritte Welt: Entwick- lungspolitik und Entwicklungsdienste zwischen Reform und Revolte 1959–1974 (Armin Grünbacher) 119 Conference Reports Chivalric Heroism or Brutal Cruelty—How Violent were the Middle Ages? (Hanna Vollrath) 122 The Holy Roman Empire, 1495–1806 (Michael Schaich) 125 Fifth Workshop on Early Modern German History (Michael Schaich) 135 Royal Kinship: Anglo-German Family Networks 1760–1914 (Matthew S.
  • Steroids a New Look at Performance Enhancing Drugs

    Steroids a New Look at Performance Enhancing Drugs

    STEROIDS STEROIDS A New Look at Performance-Enhancing Drugs Rob Beamish Copyright 2011 by Rob Beamish All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Beamish, Rob. Steroids : a new look at performance-enhancing drugs / Rob Beamish. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978–0–313–38024–2 (hard copy : alk. paper) — ISBN 978–0–313–38025–9 (ebook) 1. Anabolic steroids. 2. Doping in sports. 3. Olympics—Political aspects. 4. Olympics— Social aspects. I. Title. RC1230.B454 2011 362.2909—dc22 2011010791 ISBN: 978–0–313–38024–2 EISBN: 978–0–313–38025–9 15 14 13 12 11 1 2 3 4 5 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook. Visit www.abc-clio.com for details. Praeger An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC ABC-CLIO, LLC 130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911 This book is printed on acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America Contents Preface vii Introduction xi 1. Coubertin’s Olympic Project 1 2. Sports, Spectacles, and the Nation-State: The Nazi Olympics 25 3. The Olympic Games’ Fundamental Principle: The Spirit of Olympism 41 4. The Social Construction of Steroids in Sports 73 5. Interests of the Nation-State, Sports, and Steroids 101 6.
  • Examining the German Ledigenheim

    Examining the German Ledigenheim

    Examining the German Ledigenheim: Development of a Housing Type, Position in the Urban Fabric and Impact on Central European Housing Reform By Erin Eckhold Sassin B.A., The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 2000 M.A., The University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 2004 Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Program in the History of Art and Architecture at Brown University Providence, Rhode Island May 2012 © Copyright Erin Eckhold Sassin, 2012 This dissertation by Erin Eckhold Sassin is accepted in its present form by the Department of History of Art and Architecture as satisfying the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Date __________ ________________________ Dietrich Neumann, Advisor Recommended to the Graduate Council Date __________ ________________________ Carol Poore, Reader Date __________ ________________________ Eve Blau, Reader Approved by the Graduate Council Date __________ ________________________ Peter Weber, Dean of the Graduate School iii Erin Eckhold Sassin 6 Lincoln Avenue, Pawcatuck, CT 02790 [email protected] EDUCATION Ph.D. Filing Dec. 2011 History of Art and Architecture Department, Brown University Providence, Rhode Island Dissertation: Examining the German Ledigenheim: Development of a Housing Type, Position in the Urban Fabric and Impact on Central European Housing Reform Dissertation Director: Dietrich Neumann Colloquium Committee: Dietrich Neumann (Brown), Carol Poore (Brown), Eve Blau (Harvard/GSD) Oral Examination Fields: (Major) European and American Architecture and Urbanism, 1850-1950 (Minor) German Reform Architecture and Design, 1870-1914 (Minor) German History 1870-1993, with a Focus on the City and its Discontents A.M. 2004 University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts Concentrations: (1) Nineteenth Century Architecture (2) Northern and Italian Renaissance Art B.A.
  • Berlin in 1936: Old and New Work on the Nazi Olympics Bill Murray a a La Trobe University Published Online: 08 Jun 2010

    Berlin in 1936: Old and New Work on the Nazi Olympics Bill Murray a a La Trobe University Published Online: 08 Jun 2010

    This article was downloaded by: [University of Miami] On: 03 January 2015, At: 09:59 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK The International Journal of the History of Sport Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/fhsp20 Berlin in 1936: old and new work on the nazi olympics Bill Murray a a La Trobe University Published online: 08 Jun 2010. To cite this article: Bill Murray (1992) Berlin in 1936: old and new work on the nazi olympics, The International Journal of the History of Sport, 9:1, 29-49, DOI: 10.1080/09523369208713778 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523369208713778 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content.
  • GERMANY from 1896-1936 Presented to the Graduate Council

    GERMANY from 1896-1936 Presented to the Graduate Council

    6061 TO THE BERLIN GAMES: THE OLYMPIC MOVEMENT IN GERMANY FROM 1896-1936 THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of the North Texas State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science By William Gerard Durick, B.S. Denton, Texas May, 1984 @ 1984 WILLIAM GERARD DURICK All Rights Reserved Durick, William Gerard, ToThe Berlin Games: The Olympic Movement in Germany From 1896-1936. Master of Science (History), May, 1984, 237epp.,, 4 illustrations, bibliography, 99 titles. This thesis examines Imperial, Weimar, and Nazi Ger- many's attempt to use the Berlin Olympic Games to bring its citizens together in national consciousness and simultane- ously enhance Germany's position in the international com- munity. The sources include official documents issued by both the German and American Olympic Committees as well as newspaper reports of the Olympic proceedings. This eight chapter thesis discusses chronologically the beginnings of the Olympic movement in Imperial Germany, its growth during the Weimar and Nazi periods, and its culmination in the 1936 Berlin Games. Each German government built and improved upon the previous government's Olympic experiences with the National Socialist regime of Adolf Hitler reaping the benefits of forty years of German Olympic participation and preparation. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 0 0 - LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS....... ....--.-.-.-.-.-. iv Chapter I. ....... INTRODUCTION "~ 13 . 13 II. IMPERIAL GERMANY AND THE OLYMPIC GAMES . 42 III. SPORT IN WEIMAR GERMANY . - - IV* SPORT IN NAZI GERMANY. ...... - - - - 74 113 V. THE OLYMPIC BOYCOTT MOVEMENTS . * VI. THE NATIONAL SOCIALISTS AND THE OLYMPIC GAMES .... .. ... - - - .- - - - - - . 159 - .-193 VII. THE OLYMPIC SUMMER . - - .- -. - - 220 VIII.

  • Otto Von Bismarck

    Otto von Bismarck For other uses, see Bismarck (disambiguation). port, against the advice of his wife and his heir. While Germany’s parliament was elected by universal male suf- frage, it did not have real control of the government. Bis- Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg (1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898), known as marck distrusted democracy and ruled through a strong, well-trained bureaucracy with power in the hands of a tra- Otto von Bismarck, was a conservative Prussian states- man who dominated German and European affairs from ditional Junker elite that comprised the landed nobility of the 1860s until 1890. In the 1860s he engineered a se- the east. Under Wilhelm I, Bismarck largely controlled ries of wars that unified the German states (excluding domestic and foreign affairs, until he was removed by Austria) into a powerful German Empire under Prussian young Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1890. leadership. With that accomplished by 1871 he skillfully Bismarck, an aristocratic Junker himself, had an ex- used balance of power diplomacy to preserve German tremely aggressive and domineering personality. He dis- hegemony in a Europe which, despite many disputes and played a violent temper and kept his power by threat- war scares, remained at peace. For historian Eric Hobs- ening to resign time and again. He possessed not only bawm, it was Bismarck, who “remained undisputed world a long-term national and international vision, but also champion at the game of multilateral diplomatic chess for the short-term ability to juggle many complex develop- almost twenty years after 1871, [and] devoted himself ex- ments simultaneously.