Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 957 2.4.2009 8:55pm

Index

Note: This index aims to provide a guide to the complex interconnections within human geography. References to particular topics will be found most easily by looking up that particular topic, but extensive sets of subheadings also indicate the various aspects of more general headings. In addition, a network of see and see also references indicates alternative headings and related topics. Alphabetical arrangement is word-by-word. References to particular authors are included only where their work is quoted or discussed in some detail. Page numbers in bold type indicate the main discussion of a topic that is also treated in less detail on the other pages cited. Page numbers in italics refer to diagrams.

Aay, H. 297 acculturation 768 critical human abduction 1 accumulated sunk costs 733 geography 123 data mining 143 accumulation 3–4 deep ecology 149 deduction 149 agrarian question 15 environmental justice 201–2 geocomputation 275 agricultural geography 17 epistemology 206 induction 375 base and superstructure 43 ethics 212 Abercrombie, N. 368 creative destruction 119 interviews and abjection 1 crisis 121 interviewing 393 body 52 feudalism 250 radical geography 620 gender 268 fiscal crisis 255 secularism 671 homophobia and flexible accumulation 256–7 social geography 693 heterosexism 344 global cities/world cities 304 social justice 694 subject/subjectivity 729 human geography 351 third space 754 aboriginality 1–2 integration 388 urban social movement 790, Austral(as)ia, idea of 40 labour theory of value 407 791 census 74 plantation 543 actor-network theory film 253 political ecology 546 (ANT) 6–7 social geography 693 political geography 550 animals 29 Abramson, A. 408 power 575 ethnomethodology 219, 220 Absolute Poverty Line 574 primitive accumulation 580–1 geographical imagination 285 absolute rent 644 privatization 585 geography 293 absolute space 708 redistribution 625 geography, history of 298 abstraction 2 regime of accumulation 630 human agency 348 Cartesianism 65 rural geography 659 humanistic geography 358 colonialism 97 state 724 industrial geography 378 Grand Theory 315 tariff 741 landscape 411 internal relations 390 transnational corporations law 414 model 468 (TNCs) 771 locality 425 realism 622 vertical theme 798 location theory 428 region 631 violence 799 network(s) 499 structuration theory 726 war 804 non-representational trialectics 776 World Trade Organization theory 503, 504 Abu-Lughod, Janet 304 (WTO) 813 ontology 513 academy COPYRIGHTEDworld-systems analysis 813 MATERIALplace 541 activism 5–6 acid rain 4, 551 political ecology 545 situationists/situationism 685 ACORN 276 posthumanism 564 accessibility 2–3 action research 4–5 post-structuralism 572 Alonso model 23 activism 6 power-geometry 576 centrifugal and centripetal applied geography 34 science/science studies 667 forces 78 economic geography 180 situated knowledge 684 education 186 feminist geographies 245 social network 696 gravity model 317 interviews and society 701 macrogeography 433 interviewing 394 subject/subjectivity 728 mobility 467 qualitative methods 604 text 750 spatial mismatch 713, 714 activism 5–6 time-geography 757 transport geography 773 collective consumption 94 transculturation 768

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INDEX adaptation 7–8 racial districting 617 growth pole 320 Darwinism 143 section 671 Hotelling model 345 subsistence agriculture 731 segregation 674 investment 396 administrative principle 76, 77 spatial mismatch 713 just-in-time production 398 Adorno, Theodor underclass 779 learning regions 416 Cartesianism 65 African National Congress linkages 419 critical theory 125 (ANC) 33 localization 425 ideology 367 Afro-Latin Americans 413 location theory 426 leisure 417 Afton, B. 20 outsourcing 516 mimesis 466 Agamben, G. post-Fordism 564 modernity 473 bare life (‘naked life’) 41–2 production complex 589 social theory 699 camp 57–8 quadrat analysis 603 travelling theory 775 ethics 213 resort life-cycle model 647 advantage exception, space of 225–6 transaction costs 768 comparative advantage 105 geography 290 aggregate complexity 105 competitive advantage 105 holocaust 338–9 aggregate travel model 14 Aegean Seminars 290 homo sacer 344 Aglietta, Michel 640 aerotropolis 8 indistinction, zone of 375 Agnew, John affect 8–9 nomos 502 electoral geography 187 epistemology 208 sovereign power 705–6 flows 258 geographical imaginary 282 violence 799 agrarian question 14–16 geographical imagination 284 Agar, J. 667 agricultural geography 17 governable space 312 age agro-food system 21 human geography 354 home 342 farming 241 music 485 household 346 peasant 525 post-structuralism 573 age composition primitive accumulation 580 sport(s) 718 dependency ratio 154 substitutionism 731 subject/subjectivity 731 mortality 481 Agreement on Trade-Related time–space compression 757 Age of Discovery 231 Aspects of Intellectual topophilia 763 Age of Exploration 232 Property Rights war 806 ageing 12–13 (TRIPS) 388 affirmative action. See positive demographic transition 152 agribusiness 16–17, 542 discrimination demography 153 agricultural geography 17–19, 18 Afghanistan dependency ratio 154 agribusiness 17 military geography 465 life course/life-cycle 418 commodity chain/filiere 101 patriarchy 522 population geography 553 farming 241 Africa population pyramid 555–6 industrial district 376 Boserup thesis 54 society 702 rural geography 659 continents 112 ageism von Thu¨nen model 803 decolonization 145–7 body 51 agricultural involution 19 Europe, idea of 222, 223 as discrimination 13 agricultural rent 498 exploration 233 feminist geographies 247 Agricultural Revolution 19–20 historical geography 334 social geography 693 Brenner thesis 56 homeland 342 agency. See human agency enclosure 191–2 hunger 359 agent-based modelling 13–14 field system 251 imperialism 373 cellular automata 74 agriculture. See also farming national parks 488 cybernetics 138 biotechnology 50 North–South 506 decision-making 144 Boserup thesis 53–4 place names 541–2 geocomputation 275 city 85 poverty 573 geography 293 core–periphery model 115–16 refugees 629 mean information field cultural hearth 133 regional geography 633 (m.i.f.) 449 factors of production 237 Africa, idea of 9–12 microsimulation 459 fair trade 238 African-Americans population geography 553 feudalism 250 blockbusting 50 simulation 683 field system 250–1 census 74 Agger, B. 123, 124 frontier thesis 265 ecological fallacy 174 agglomeration 14 game theory 267 education 187 centrifugal and centripetal global warming 308 environmental racism 203 forces 78 green belt 317 film 252 Chinatown 82 Green Revolution 317–19 ghetto 303 city 86 industrial district 376 memory 454 communication(s) 102 intensive agriculture 389 modifiable areal unit problem entrepreneurship 195 landscape 410 (maup) 476 external economies 235 limits to growth 419

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INDEX

location theory 426 postmodernism 567 macrogeography 433 pastoralism 521 qualitative methods 604 American Indians peasant 524–5 Alker, H.R. 174 census 74 proto-industrialization 595 Allaire, G. 21 environmental racism 203 rent 644 Allen, J. 802 frontier thesis 265 resource management 650 Allen, John wilderness 811 sharecropping 681 power 576 Ames, Herbert 384 shifting cultivation 681–2 space 707 Amin, Ash subsistence agriculture 731 Allen, P. 106 capitalism 62 transhumance 770–1 Allen, R.C. 20 ethnicity 214 transport costs 773 allometry 271 industrial district 376 world-systems analysis 813 Alonso, William 644 institutional economics 386 agro-food system 20–1 Alonso model 23, 23–4 locality 425 agrarian question 15 bid-rent curve 46 location theory 428 agribusiness 16 Chicago School 79 science/science studies 667 commodity chain/filiere 101 density gradient 154 social exclusion 691 food 259 rent 644 urban geography 787 substitutionism 731 von Thu¨nen model 803 Amin, Shahid 727 Aguilar, Alonso 413 alterity 24 Amnesty International 32 aid 21–2 body 51 analogue 26 famine 240 post-structuralism 573 analysis. See under specific food 259 alternative economies 24 heading, e.g. Bayesian International Monetary Fund alternative food networks analysis (IMF) 391 (AFNs) 259 analytical Marxism 26–7 redistribution 626 Althusser, Louis functionalism 266 restructuring 652 base and superstructure 42 Marxism 444 Third World 754 essentialism 210, 211 methodological underdevelopment 780 identity 364, 365 individualism 457 AIDS 22 ideology 367–8 rational choice theory 621 Africa, idea of 12 Marxism 444 analytical philosophy 578 diffusion 161 mode of production 468 anarchism 27–8 inequality, spatial 380 naturalism 492 critical human medical geography 451 philosophy 531 geography 123 pandemic 517 social formation 692 Darwinism 143 sexuality 680 spatiality 716 liberalism 417 virus 800 structuralism 725 postmodernity 570 air pollution 4 subject/subjectivity 729 radical geography 619 Aitken, S. Amedeo, D. 586 socialism 700 film 253 America(s) territory 747 urban geography 787 continents 112 Anatolia 789 Akerloff, George 440 Europe, idea of 222, 223 Anderson, Benedict Albanians 213 exploration 233 identity 365 alchemy 670 frontier thesis 265 nationalism 488 Alderman, D. 454 historical geography 334 Anderson, Kathryn 394 Alembert, Jean Le Rond d’ 90 homeland 342–3 Anderson, Kay J. algorithm 22 Lamarck(ian)ism 408 Chinatown 82 complexity theory 105–6 Latin America 412, 413 community 103 data mining 143 nationalism 488 geo-body 274 digital cartography 163 nomos 502 subject/subjectivity 730 districting algorithm 169 North–South 506 Anderson, Perry general linear model regional geography 633 capitalism 63 (GLM) 271 ribbon development 656 climate 91 genetic algorithm 271–2 America(s) (idea of) 24–5 feudalism 250 heuristic 330 American empire 25–6. See also market 442, 443 model 469 Pax Americana androcentricity 28 neural networks 499 area studies 35 Anglo-American Convention for regional geography 634 critical geopolitics 123 the Protection of Migratory sequence analysis 677 geopolitics 301 Birds 108 alienation 22–3 globalization 310 Anglocentrism 28–9 communism 103 market 442 Eurocentrism 221 critical theory 125 stages of growth 721 language 412 everyday life 224 American Geographical Society Anglophone literature 596 home 340 (AGS) Anglo-Saxons 678 placelessness 542 geographical societies 286 Animal Liberation Front 149

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INDEX animals 29 anti-realism 623 economy 184 capture–recapture methods 64 anti-Semitism environmental carrying capacity 65 deconstruction 148 determinism 197 cultural geography 132 holocaust 337 metaphor 456 cultural landscape 133 apartheid 33–4 ontology 511 cyborg 140 development 156 political economy 547 deep ecology 149 ethnic cleansing 213 science/science studies 666 domestication 171 ethnicity 215 scientific revolution(s) 669 feminist geographies 247 ghetto 303 teleology 742 human agency 348 homeland 342 Armistice line 317 nature 494 Appadurai, Arjun Armstrong, Marc 278 rural geography 659 consumption 109 Army, U.S. 487 transhumance 770 ethnography 218 Arnold, Benedict 516 urban geography 786 flows 258 Arnold, David urban nature 788 immigration 372 colonialism 95 values 797 material culture 448 subaltern studies 727 wilderness 811 applied geography 34 art 36–7 zoos 816–17 action research 5 alienation 23 animism 661 human geography 352 cultural geography 131 Annales School 29–30 public geographies 599 exploration 232 cultural geography 130 public policy, geography geographical imagination 282, global cities/world cities 304 and 600 285 historical geography 332 qualitative methods 604 geography 289 world-systems analysis 813 quantitative methods 611 human geography 353 Anselin, Luc relevance 642 humanistic geography 357 spatial autocorrelation 712 appropriationism image 369 spatial econometrics 712 cultural ecology 128 literature 420 ANT. See actor-network theory farming 241 mimesis 466 anthropocentrism 356 limits to growth 419 music 485 anthropogeography 30 substitutionism 731 postmodernism 567 Berkeley School 45 Aquinas, St Thomas 742 vision and visuality 801 Darwinism 142 architecture 567, 568 artificial intelligence 37 diffusion 160 ARC/INFO program 281 data mining 143 geography 290 Arctic Climate Impact decision-making 144 Geopolitik 302 Assessment (ACIA) 509 geocomputation 276 historical geography 332 Ardao, Arturo 412 artisan 595 human geography 350 area 539 Asad, Talal 468 informal sector 381 area studies 34–5 Asdal, K. 200 language 411 geography 291 Ashe, Arthur 478 anthropology 519–20 Middle East, idea of 460 Asheim, Bjorn 386 anti-colonial radicalism 156 military geography 465 Ashkenazim 401 anti-development 30–1 regional geography 634 Asia empowerment 191 war 804 historical geography 334 post-development 562 areal differentiation 35–6 national parks 488 anti-essentialism 210–11 chorology/chorography 82 North–South 506 anti-foundationalism 577 complementarity 105 Pacific Rim 517 anti-globalization 31–2 geography 291 Asia (idea of) 37–8 Africa, idea of 12 geography, history of 298 Austral(as)ia, idea of 39 capitalism 62 human geography 350 continents 112 economic integration 182 integration 388 Europe, idea of 222, 223 Green Revolution 319 modernism 470 historical demography 332 International Monetary Fund place 539 Malthusian model 434 (IMF) 391 quantitative revolution 611 Occidentalism 507 social justice 694 regional geography 633 regional geography 633 urban social movement 791 space 707 Asian economic crisis World Social Forum(WSF) 811 Arendt, Hannah (1997–1998) 497 anti-humanism 32–3 human rights 354 Asian miracle/tigers 38 humanism 356 violence 798 capitalism 62 Orientalism 514 Argentina 345, 355 development 156 production of space 592 Arib, M.A. 456 industrialization 380 subject/subjectivity 729–30 Aristotelianism 666 neo-liberalism 497 symbolic interactionism 739 Aristotle NIDL 500, 501 Antipode (journal) 619, 620 biophilosophy 47 Asian Social Forum 812 anti-rationalism 519 ecology 176 assemblage 38

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INDEX

nation-state 490 Ayres, Clarence 385 Barth, Fredrik performance 526 azimuth 40 ethnicity 216 place 540 territoriality 745 post-structuralism 573 Bachelard, Gaston 341 Bartheld, Harald 386 region 631 Back, Les 810 Barthes, Roland spatial structure 715 back-to-the-city movement 41, discourse analysis 168 spatiality 717 343 everyday life 225 subject/subjectivity 730 backward linkages 419 image 369 assimilation 38–9 Bacon, Francis material culture 448 ethnicity 216 chorology/chorography 83 structuralism 725 ethnoburb 217 exploration 230 Barton, A. 101 immigration 372 science/science studies 666 Barvaria 331 invasion and succession 395 scientific revolution(s) 669 base and superstructure 42–3 migration 464 Baden School 400 historical materialism 335–6 multiculturalism 481 Baden-Wu¨rttemberg 378 infrastructure 383 segregation 674 Badiou, Alain Bassin, M. 30 transnationalism 772 ethics 213 Basso, K. 676 urban and regional geography 290 Bataille, Georges 770 planning 782 Bagrow, Leo 69 Bateson, Gregory 8 Association of American Bains, W. 49 Bateson, William 142 Geographers (AAG) Bakan, J. 208 Batty, M. 787 education 187 Bakhtin, Mikhail Baudelaire, Charles-Pierre geographical societies 286 chronotope 83, 84 flaneur/flanerie 256 geography 290 literature 420 modernism 470 humanities 359 rhetoric 655 psychogeography 597 relevance 642 Bales, K. 687, 688 Baudrillard, Jean socialism 701 Balibar, Etienne cyberspace 139 values 797 border 52, 53 simulacrum 682 Association of American mode of production 468 social theory 699 Geographers’ Commission nation 487 Bauer, Peter on College Geography 797 nationalism 489 market 443 astrolabe 668 racism 618 Third World 754 asylum 39, 629 balkanization 41, 633 Bauman, Z. Athens, Greece Balzac, Honore´ de 84 consumption 109 nomos 502 Bandung Conference 37 holocaust 337 participatory democracy 520 Banerjee, B. 78 modernity 471 attachment 342 Banks, Joseph 231, 232 Baxter, J. 606 Atwood, Margaret 766 bare life (‘naked life’) 41–2 Bayart, J.F. 10 Auge´, Marc 503 camp 57 Bayes, Thomas 43 Augean Period 612 exception, space of 226 Bayesian analysis 43–4 Auletta, K. 779 holocaust 337 endogeneity 192 Auschwitz 226 homo sacer 344 remote sensing (RS) 644 Austin, Gilbert 655 humanism 356 simulation 683 Austin, J.L. 148 indistinction, zone of 375 Beakhurst, Graheme 545 Austral(as)ia, idea of 39–40 philosophy 531 Beauvoir, Simone de assimilation 39 Barker, Martin 618 body 51 census 74 Barnbrock, J. 803 Other/Otherness 515 continents 112 Barnes, Trevor Beaverstock, J. Enlightenment 194 analytical Marxism 27 metageography 456 geographical imaginary 282 critical human geography 124 urban geography 786 imaginative geographies 371 genius loci 272 Beazley, C.R. 297 immigration 371, 372 geography, history of 298 Beck, Ulrich multiculturalism 481 Grand Theory 315 cosmopolitanism 117–18 public–private partnership institutional economics 386 modernization 475 (PPPs) 601 law (scientific) 415 risk 658 refugees 629 locational analysis 429 risk society 658 Austria 478 military geography 465 security 673 authenticity 40 science/science studies 667 social theory 698 autocorrelation, spatial. See space-economy 710 Becker, Gary 621 spatial autocorrelation Barnett, C. 618 Beckett, J.V. 20 autoethnography 604 barrio 42 behaviour Ayer, A.J. Barrows, Harlan H. catastrophe theory 73 logical positivism 430 human ecology 349 contextual effect 110 positivism 558 physical geography 534 cycle of poverty 141

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INDEX behaviour (cont’d) Berger, Mark T. 413 Bill and Melinda Gates geodemographics 277 Berger, Peter L. Foundation 22 life course/life-cycle 418 lifeworld 418 bin Laden, Osama questionnaire 613 social construction 690 commodity 101 reductionism 626–7 Bergmann, Gustav oil 511 satisficing behaviour 664 exceptionalism 227 biodiversity 46 search behaviour 670 logical positivism 430 biogeography 46 behavioural geography 44–5 Bergson, Henri 47 bioprospecting 48 crime 120 Berkeley School 45–6 conservation 108 cultural geography 131 biogeography 47 genetic geographies 272 decision-making 144 cultural geography 130 global commons 306 environmental psychology 203 cultural hearth 133 law of the sea 416 human geography 351 cultural landscape 133 wetlands 810 humanism 356 culture 135 wilderness 811 idealism 364 diffusion 160 zoos 816–17 imaginative geographies 370 environmental Biodiversity Action Plans 46 Kantianism 400 determinism 197 biogeography 46–7 location theory 427 historical geography 333, 334 biosecurity 49 mental maps/cognitive human geography 351 Darwinism 142 maps 455 Landschaft 411 genetic geographies 272 ontology 512 music 485 geography 293 population geography 553 nature 493 geography, history of 297 process 586 possibilism 560 biometrics 48 quantitative methods 609 sport(s) 718 biophilosophy 47 revealed preference Berlin, Treaty of (1895) 10 biogeography 47 analysis 655 Berlin Conference (1884–85) ecofeminism 174 satisficing behaviour 664 264 biopiracy 49 thick description 753 Berlin Wall biopolitics, biopower 48 urban geography 785 Cold War 93 affect 9 Bell, Daniel market 442 bare life (‘naked life’) 41 cultural economy 129 Berman, M. 470 camp 58 information economy 382 Berners-Lee, Tim 392 critical geopolitics 123 post-industrial society 566 Bernstein, Eduard 444 disciplinary power 165 time–space compression 757 Bernstein, Jay M. empire 190 Bell, W. 689 camp 57 genocide 273 Bellah, R. 104 intensive agriculture 389 governable space 312 Bellarmine, Cardinal Robert 362 Bernstein, Richard homo sacer 344 Bellis, M. 64 Cartesianism 65 modernity 473 belonging 153 falsification 239 philosophy 531 Below Poverty Line 574 hermeneutics 329 post-structuralism 572 Benhabib, S. 285, 795 pragmatism 578 prostitution 594 Benjamin, Walter Berry, B.J.L. 426–7 race 616 commodity 99, 100 Bertalanffy, Ludwig von 271 security 673 critical theory 125, 126 Bertin, Jacques sovereign power 705 dialectic(s) 158 cartography 68 subject/subjectivity 729 dialectical image 158 map 435–6 terrorism 748 everyday life 224 Besio, K. 604–6 war 804 film 253 Best, N. 671 bioprospecting 48–9 flaneur/flanerie 256 BEYESX (software) 703 bioregionalism 49 literature 420 Bhabha, Homi K. biosecurity 49 modernism 470 mimesis 466 pandemic 517 modernity 472, 473 subject/subjectivity 729 security 672 space 709 tricontinentalism 776 biotechnology 49–50 Benko, G. 699 Bhadra, Gautam 727 cyborg 140 Bennett, R.J. Bhaskar, Roy domestication 171 process 586 naturalism 492 farming 242 public finance 598, 599 realism 622 genetic geographies 272 Bentham, Jeremy Bialasiewicz, L. 401 image 369 disciplinary power 165 bias 662 resource 648 Panopticon 517, 518 Bible Bird, J.H. 125 utilitarianism 794 historical geography 332 Birmingham Centre for Benvenisti, E. 508 religion 643 Contemporary Cultural Berg, Lev Semyonovich 142 bid-rent curve 23, 46 Studies 131 Berger, John 410 Bilbao, Francisco 412 bisexuality 680

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INDEX

Black, Duncan 598 qualitative methods 605 Postan thesis 560 Black Country 260 representation 646 Bosetti, V. 198 Black Power movement 215 rural geography 659 Bosnia-Herzegovina 213 black sites 65 scale 664 Boudeville, J.R. 320 Blackburn, R. 687 sovereign power 705 Bougainville, Louis Antoine Blaikie, Piers topography 762 de 231 diffusion 161 transgression 770 boundary 55 intensive agriculture 389 vision and visuality 801 bioregionalism 49 political ecology 545, 546 Boeke, J.H. 173 border 52 Blainey, G. 39 Bolivar, Simon 412 cadastral mapping 57 Blair, Tony 754 Bonaparte, Napoleon cartographic reason 66 Blake, William 597 Middle East, idea of 460 colonialism 97 Blakemore, Michael 70 Orientalism 513 ethics 212 Blanchot, Maurice 324 Bondi, L. ethnicity 216 Blanqui, A. 378 gender 269 Geographic Information Blaut, James M. interviews and Science (GISc) 277 children 80, 81 interviewing 393–4 law 414 diffusion 161 subject/subjectivity 731 modernization 475 Kantianism 399 Bonnett, Alastair multilateralism 483 process 586, 587 anarchism 28 political geography 550 Bloch, Marc Occidentalism 507 private and public Annales School 29 whiteness 810 spheres 583 retrogressive approach 654 Bono 12 regional geography 634 blockbusting 50, 395 Bonpland, Aime´ 231 state 722 Blomley, Nicholas K. Bookchin, Murray 149 subject/subjectivity 729 law 414 Booth, Charles territoriality 744, 745 retailing 654 geodemographics 276 territorialization 746 violence 799 inner city 384 topographic map 762 blood diamonds 107 Booth, William 384 transgression 770 Bloor, David 667 border 52–3 transnationalism 772 Bluestone, B. 182 borderlands 53 Bourdieu, Pierre Blumenbach, Johann boundary 55 class 89 Friedrich 616 cartographic reason 66 cultural capital 127 Blumer, Herbert 739 citizenship 84 exchange 228 Blunt, A. domination 172 habitus 323 anarchism 28 ethnic cleansing 214 political geography 551 home 341–2 flows 257 social capital 689, 690 subject/subjectivity 730 frontier 264 social reproduction 697 Boal, Fred 785 globalization 310 taken-for-granted world 741 Boas, Franz 130 human geography 354 Bovine Spongiform body 50–2 irredentism 396 Encephalopathy (BSE) abjection 1 local–global relations 425 farming 242 affect 8 nation 487 intensive agriculture 389 AIDS 22 nation-state 489 Bowden, R.J. 387 consumption 110 political geography 549 Bowen, M. 297 cyborg 140 regional alliance 632 Bowers, J. 663 disability 164 sovereignty 706 Bowlby, S. 246 disciplinary power 165 territory 746 Bowles, Samuel 445 everyday life 225 trade 764 Bowman, Isaiah feminist geographies 247 transnationalism 772 empire 190 habitus 323 war 805 geography, history of 296 heteronormativity 329 world-systems analysis 814 geopolitics 301 homophobia and borderlands 53 political geography 549 heterosexism 344 nation-state 489 Boyd, W. 389 human geography 354 spatial identity 712 Boyer, Robert idealism 364 Borges, Jose´ Luis 330 agro-food system 21 liberalism 417 Borlaug, Norman 317 regulation theory 640 medical geography 452 Boserup, Esther Boyle, Robert 669 moral landscapes 479 Boserup thesis 54–5 Boyle’s Law 415 performance 525, 526 gender and Brah, Avtar 159 political geography 550 development 269 Brandt, Willy 704 post-structuralism 572, 573 Boserup thesis 53–5 Brandt Commission power 576 Africa, idea of 12 North–South 506 production of space 590 agricultural involution 19 South, the 704

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INDEX

Braudel, Fernand central place theory 76 values 797 Annales School 30 children 80 Butz, D. 604 cultural geography 130 geography 290 Byres, Terry 15 integration 388 logical positivism 430 Braun, Bruce metaphor 456 CACI 276 environmental history 200 radical geography 619 cadastral mapping 57 process 587 science/science studies 667 governable space 312 Braverman, H. spatial separatism 715 map 437 labour process 406 urban exploration 784 California 373 Taylorism 742 Burawoy, Michael Callard, Felicity Brazil ethnography 218 psychoanalytic theory 596 industrial district 376 participant observation 520 subject/subjectivity 728 World Social Forum Bu¨rger, P. 470 Callinicos, A. 698 (WSF) 812 Burgess, Ernest Callon, Michel Brenner, N. 304 Chicago School 79 actor-network theory Brenner, Robert human ecology 349 (ANT) 6, 7 Brenner thesis 55, 56 segregation, measurement science/science studies 667 Marxist economics 445 of 675 Cambridge Group for the History Brenner thesis 55–6 Sjoberg model 685, 686 of Population 332 feudalism 250 zonal model 815 Cambridge School 727 Postan thesis 560 Burgess, Jacquelin Cambridge University 498 Breton, Andre´ 597 environmental economics 198 Cameron, A. 691 Bretton Woods system psychoanalytic theory 596 camp 57–8 Africa, idea of 11 values 797 bare life (‘naked life’) 42 growth theory 321 Burke, Edmund holocaust 337 International Monetary Fund culture 136 refugees 629 (IMF) 390 mimesis 466 sovereign power 706 multilateralism 482 Burke, Kenneth 655 Campbell, Donald T. 225 NIDL 500 Burt, T. 369 Campbell, George Douglas, tariff 741 Burton, I. Duke of Argyll 407 World Trade Organization idiographic 368 Campbell Collaboration 225 (WTO) 812 quantitative methods 607 Canada Bridge, G. 50 resource 648 assimilation 39 Briggs, J. 374 Buruma, I. 508 human rights 355 Brigham, Albert 408 Bush, George W. and immigration 371, 372 British colonies 145 administration multiculturalism 481 British Dominions 488 conflict 106 rights 656 British Garden City geopolitics 301 settler society 679 Movement 267 multilateralism 483 Canada Geographical British Household Panel nomos 502 Information System Survey 670 patriarchy 522 (CGIS) 281 British National Party 242 Pax Americana 523 Canada–USA Free Trade Brock, W. 110 power 576 Agreement 766 Brookfield, H. 44 territorial integrity 744 Canadian Ministry of Brosseau, M. 420 business Agriculture 281 Brosses, Charles de 39 agribusiness 16–17 Canadian Mounties 782 Brown, Gordon 12 central business district capital 58–9 Brown, M. 680 (CBD) 75–6 accumulation 3 Brundson, C. outsourcing 515–6 agricultural geography 17 Bayesian analysis 44 Butler, Judith capitalism 59 geographically weighted body 51 class 89 regression (GWR) 286–7 epistemology 206 community 104 Brundtland Commission 738 foundationalism 262 convergence, regional 114 Brundtland Report 739 gender 268–9 core–periphery model 116 Brunhes, Jean 199 hazard 325 cost structure 118 B’Tselem. See Israeli Center for identity 365 cultural capital 127 Human Rights performativity 526 economic growth 182 Buchanan, James 598 post-structuralism 572 economic integration 182 Buddhism 661 space 709 equilibrium 209 buffer states 326 Butler, R.W. 647 factors of production 237–8 Buffon, Georges-Louis butterfly effect 78 flows 257 Leclerc 616 Buttimer, Anne gentrification 274 Bunge, William humanistic geography 357 global cities/world cities 305 activism 5 lifeworld 418 growth theory 321–2

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INDEX

habitus 323 empire 189 private and public spheres 583 industrialization 380 enclosure 192 production of nature 589–90 labour process 406 exchange 227 production of space 590 leisure 416, 417 external economies 235 property 594 neo-liberalism 497 factors of production 238 proto-industrialization 595 NIDL 500, 501 farming 241 public policy, geography power 576 feminist geographies 246 and 600 resistance 647 feudalism 249 radical geography 619 restructuring 651 fiscal crisis 255 regional geography 635 social capital 689–90 gender 268 regulation theory 640 social reproduction 697 gender and development 269 rent 644 stages of growth 720 geography 290 resource 648 transnational corporations global cities/world cities 304 restructuring 651 (TNCs) 771 globalization 308–11 scale 665 Capital (Marx) glocalization 312 settler society 679 Marxism 444 governmentality 314 sexuality 680 mode of production 468 health and health care 326 situationists/situationism 685 naturalism 492 home 341 slavery 687 primitive accumulation 580 human geography 350, 351 social formation 692 capitalism 59–64, 63 ideology 366–8 socialism 700 abstraction 2 imperialism 373 South, the 704 accumulation 3–4 industrial geography 377 space 708 agrarian question 15 industrial revolution 378, 379 space-economy 710–11 agricultural geography 17 industrialization 380 spatiality 716 alienation 23 inheritance systems 383 stages of growth 720, 721 alternative economies 24 internal relations 390 structuralism 725 American empire 25 Kantianism 400 terms of trade 743 analytical Marxism 26 knowledge economy 401 territoriality 745 anti-globalization 31 Kondratieff waves 403 territorialization 745 areal differentiation 35 labour process 406 Third World 754 bare life (‘naked life’) 41 labour theory of value 407 time 755 base and superstructure 43 literature 420 time–space compression 757 Brenner thesis 55 local knowledge 422 time–space distanciation 760 cadastral mapping 57 local state 423 time–space expansion 761 capital 58–9 local–global relations 425 trade 764 citizenship 84 location theory 427 transnationalism 772 civil society 87 market 442 underclass 779 Cold War 93 Marxism 444 underdevelopment 780 collective consumption 93–4 Marxist economics 445–6 uneven development 780–2 colonialism 94 Marxist geography 446 urban ecology 783 command economy 98 migrancy 462 vertical theme 798 commodity 99, 100 migration 463 vision and visuality 801 commodity chain/filiere 101 mode of production 468 von Thu¨nen model 803 communism 103 modernism 469 welfare geography 807 community 103, 104 modernity 471 West, the 808 conflict 106 modernization 474–5 World Social Forum convergence, regional 114–15 money and finance 476 (WSF) 812 core–periphery model 115 narco-capitalism 486 world-systems analysis 813 creative destruction 119 nation 487 capture–recapture methods 64, crisis 120–1 neo-classical economics 496 663 critical theory 125–7 NIDL 500 CAQDAS (Computer-Assisted cultural economy 128 oil 510 Qualitative Data cultural turn 135 peasant 524 Analysis) 703–4 deindustrialization 150 petro-capitalism 527–8 carceral geographies 64–5, 583 dependency theory 154 philosophy 531 Carnap, Rudolf dialectic(s) 157 plantation 543 logical empiricism 430 disability 165 political ecology 547 logical positivism 430 domesticity 171 political economy 548 carrying capacity 65 ecological imperialism 175 populism 556 Boserup thesis 54 economic geography 179, postmodernity 569, 570 limits to growth 419 181 post-socialism 571 overpopulation 516 economic growth 182 power 576 population geography 552 economic integration 183 power-geometry 576 resort life-cycle model 648 economy 185 primitive accumulation 580–1 shifting cultivation 682

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INDEX

Carson, Rachel deconstruction 148 data archive 143 ecology 176 exploration 233 demography 153 pollution 551 historical geography 335 domestic labour 171 cartels 486 iconography 363 ecological inference 175 Carter, P. map 434 ethnicity 216 cartography, history of 71 map reading 439 family reconstitution 239 imaginative geographies 371 space 707 fertility 249 Cartesianism 65–6 text 750 geodemographics 276 animals 29 case study 72 Geographic Information cartographic reason 66 Casetti, E. 286 Systems (GIS) 281 cultural geography 132 Cassirer, E. 400 historical demography 331 cybernetics 138 caste 72–3 interviews and cyborg 140 gender and development 269 interviewing 393 epistemology 207 subaltern studies 728 metropolitan area 459 Euclidean space 220 Castells, Manuel modifiable areal unit problem naturalism 491 collective consumption 93, 94 (maup) 476 objectivity 507 cultural economy 129 population geography 553 cartogram 66 flows 258 redistricting 626 cartographic imaginary 274 informational city 382 sampling 661 cartographic reason 66 network society 498 social space 697 Africa, idea of 10 production of space 592 text 750 Cartesianism 65 restructuring 652 census tract 75 cartography, history of 70 spatiality 716 census 75 epistemology 207 urban geography 786 choropleth 83 governable space 312 urban social movement 790–1 digital cartography 162 modernity 473 Castoriadis, Cornelius 282 factorial ecology 237 positivism 559 Castree, Noel geodemographics 276 science/science studies 668 critical human geography 123, modifiable areal unit problem cartography 66–9 124 (maup) 475 Africa, idea of 10 dialectic(s) 158 neural networks 499 Austral(as)ia, idea of 39 environmental history 200 social area analysis 689 cadastral mapping 57 production of nature 590 Center for Maize and Wheat chorology/chorography 83 C¸ atal Hoyuk 789 Improvement colonialism 96–7 Catalan language 631 (CIMMYT) 318 commercial geography 98 catastrophe theory 73 central business district continents 112 chaos theory 78 (CBD) 75–6 cyberspace 139 complexity theory 105 aerotropolis 8 digital cartography 162–3 catchment 331 Chicago School 79 epistemology 207 categorical data analysis 73–4 exopolis 229 Euclidean space 220 capture–recapture methods 64 inner city 383 exploration 230 general linear model Central Intelligence Agency geo-body 274 (GLM) 271 (CIA) 523 Geographic Information logit regression models 431 central limit theorem 662 Systems (GIS) 280 log-linear modelling 431 central place theory 76, 77 geographical societies 286 measurement 450 general systems theory 271 geography 288–90 multi-level models 483 geography 292 geography, history of 296 Poisson regression models 544 hinterland 331 geo-informatics 299 quadrat analysis 603 holocaust 338 governable space 312 software for quantitative location theory 426 historical geography 333 analysis 704 locational analysis 428 human geography 353 survey analysis 735 periodic market systems 527 land-use survey 411 Catlin, George 487 point pattern analysis 544 map 434–6 causal analysis 735 quadrat analysis 603 map reading 439 causality quantitative methods 607 military geography 465 positivism 558 retailing 653 neo-geography 496 significance test 682 time–space convergence 758 quantitative methods 607 CBD. See central business district urban geography 785 scale 664 cellular automata 74 urban system 791 science/science studies 668 genetic algorithm 272 Centre for Contemporary scientific instrumentation 668 geocomputation 275 Cultural Studies 618 virtual geographies 799 microsimulation 459 centrifugal and centripetal cartography, history of 69–72 census 74–5 forces 76, 78 cadastral mapping 57 cadastral mapping 57 Alonso model 23 cosmography 117 census tract 75 decentralization 143

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INDEX

Certeau, Michel de metaphor 456 quantitative revolution 611 everyday life 224, 225 mobility 467 trend surface analysis 775 taken-for-granted world 741 moral geographies 479 chorology/chorography 82–3 Ce´saire, Aime´ 96 neighbourhood 494 areal differentiation 35 Chadwick, A. 201 participant observation 519 cultural geography 130 chain migration 78 political economy 548 geography 288 Chinatown 82 quantitative revolution 611 morphology 479 ethnicity 216 red-light districts 625 philosophy 530 invasion and succession 395 segregation 673, 674 regional geography 632 migration 463 segregation, measurement sequent occupance 677 Chakrabarty, Dipesh of 675 war 804 case study 72 Sjoberg model 685 choropleth 83 subaltern studies 727 urban ecology 783 cartogram 66 Chakravorty, S. 786 urban geography 784, 785, cartography 68 Chambers, J.D. 20 787 class interval 89 Chambers, R. 374 urban nature 788 information theory 382 Chang, Ha-Joon 238 urbanism 791 map 437 Changing Urban and Regional urbanization 793 Chou En-lai 795 System (CURS) 425 zonal model 815 Chouinard, Vera chaos theory 78 Chidester, D. 661 critical rationalism 125 catastrophe theory 73 Childe, Vere Gordon 788, 789 law 415 complexity theory 105 children 80–1 Chrisman, Nicholas 281 environmental history 200 ageing 13 Christaller, Walter fractal 263 demography 153 central place theory 76, 77 Grand Theory 316 education 186–7 holocaust 338 chaotic conception 2 equality 208 location theory 426 Chari, S. 604–6 mental maps/cognitive locational analysis 428 Charlton, M. maps 455 Christianity geocomputation 275 social geography 693 Europe, idea of 222 geographically weighted Chile 442 just war 397 regression (GWR) 286–7 China race 615 Chase-Dunn, Christopher 304 acid rain 4 religion 642–3 Chatterjee, Partha agrarian question 16 chronotope 83–4 post-development 563 anti-development 31 Churchill, Winston subaltern studies 727 Asia (idea of) 37 Cold War 93 Chatterton, P. 28 development 156 Middle East, idea of 460 Chavez, Cesar 201 economic integration 183 c.i.f. (cost, insurance, Chavez, Hugo 414 industrialization 380 freight) 579 Chavis, Ben 203 neo-liberalism 497 circuit of culture 136 Chayanov, A.V. 16 post-socialism 571 circulation 273 Cheˆng Ho 230 regional geography 633 cities Chernobyl nuclear disaster 658 slavery 687 rural–urban continuum 660 Chicago Boys (Chilean socialism 700 sectoral model 671 economists) 442 suburb/anization 732 citizenship 84–5 Chicago School 78–80 Chinatown (general) 81–2 alterity 24 capitalism 63 Chinatown (Vancouver, British barrio 42 case study 72 Columbia) 730 boundary 55 city 86 Chirol, Valentine 460 carceral geographies 65 community 103 Chisholm, George colonialism 97 crime 120 commercial geography 98 decolonization 146 cultural ecology 128 economic geography 178–80 ethnic democracy 214 cultural geography 131 industrial geography 377 gated communities 268 ethnicity 214, 216 Chisholm, M. 271 home 341 ethnoburb 217 choice immigration 372 ethnography 218 public choice theory 598 liberalism 417 geodemographics 276 rational choice theory 620–1 local–global relations 424 geography, history of 299 cholera 517 militarism 464 ghetto 303 Chomsky, Noam 570 multiculturalism 481 human ecology 349 Chorley, Richard nationalism 488 immigration 372 abstraction 2 nation-state 490 inner city 383, 384 ecosystem 186 public space 602 invasion and succession 395 Grand Theory 315, 316 radical democracy 618 Kantianism 400 model 468 rights 657 Los Angeles School 432 physical geography 535–6 shadow state 681

967 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 968 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX citizenship (cont’d) applied geography 34 difference 159, 160 social exclusion 691 capitalism 60 diffusion 161 sovereignty 707 Enlightenment 193 disability 165 subject/subjectivity 729 labour geography 404 domesticity 172 topography 762 NGO 501 egalitarianism 187 transnationalism 772 radical democracy 618 empire 190 city 85–6. See also town; urban regional policy 638 environmental justice 201 entries slavery 687 epistemology 206 adaptation 8 social capital 689 ethnicity 216, 217 back-to-the-city movement 41 social reproduction 697 famine 240 bid-rent curve 46 society 701 farming 241 capitalism 62 South, the 705 feminist geographies 246, 247 catastrophe theory 73 state 723 film 253 central business district civil wars 804 gender and development 269 (CBD) 75–6 civilization 87–8 gentrification 274 centrifugal and centripetal Europe, idea of 222 Green Revolution 319 forces 77 genocide 273 growth theory 322 Chicago School 79 geographical imaginary 282 health and health care 325 Chinatown 81–2 imaginative geographies 371 hegemony 327 collective consumption 93 market 441 historical geography 335 compact city 104–5 primitivism 581 home 342 conflict 106 race 615 homo sacer 344 consumption 109 stages of growth 720 household 346 critical theory 126 terrorism 748 housing class 346 domination 172 Claritas 276 human geography 351 edge city 186 Clark, G.L. identity 365 entropy-maximizing money and finance 477 imperialism 374 models 196 sunk costs 733 industrial revolution 379 factorial ecology 237 Taylorism 742 inequality, spatial 381 family reconstitution 239 Clark, J. 198 institutional economics 385 feminist geographies 246 Clark, John Bates 548 interviews and film 252 Clark, Nigel 198 interviewing 393 garden city 267 Clark University 619 Kantianism 399 gentrification 273–4 Clarke, David 213 labour geography 404 geocomputation 275 Clasewitz, Carl von 804 labour market 405 geography, history of 299 class 88–9 landscape 410 global cities/world cities 304–6 ageing 13 market 443 governable space 312 AIDS 22 Marxist economics 445 growth coalitions 320 analytical Marxism 27 migrancy 462 informational city 382 apartheid 33 minor theory 467 inner city 383–4 back-to-the-city movement 41 mode of production 468 invasion and succession 395 base and superstructure 43 moral geographies 479 megacities 453 Boserup thesis 55 neighbourhood 494 memory 453 Brenner thesis 55 neo-liberalism 497 post-industrial city 565 capital 58 Other/Otherness 515 pre-industrial city 579 capitalism 59, 61 peasant 525 primate city, the law of 580 census 74 policing 545 rank-size rule 620 Chicago School 79 political ecology 546 red-light districts 625 children 81 populism 556 society 702 Chinatown 82 post-Marxism 566 town 764 classification and postmaterialism 566 urban nature 788 regionalization 90 post-structuralism 572 urban origins 788–90 colonialism 95 power-geometry 576 urbanism 791–2 communism 103 property 594 urbanization 792–4 conflict 106 public space 602 urbicide 794 consumption 109 radical geography 619 whiteness 810 contextual effect 110 rent 644 world city 811 cosmopolitanism 117 resistance 647 zonal model 815 critical geopolitics 122 rights 657 city-state 502 cultural capital 127 rural planning 660 civil citizenship 84 cultural geography 131 segregation 674 civil rights 656 cycle of poverty 141 Sjoberg model 685–6 civil society 86–7 development 155 slum 688 anti-globalization 32 diaspora 159 social formation 692

968 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 969 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

social geography 692 survey analysis 736 military geography 465 social justice 694 clusters 91–2 nation-state 489 social reproduction 697 communication(s) 102 post-development 563 society 702 crime 120 refugees 628, 629 space-economy 711 external economies 235 regional alliance 632 subaltern studies 727 flexible accumulation 257 remote sensing (RS) 643 subject/subjectivity 728 geocomputation 275 resource wars 650 taken-for-granted world 741 geodemographics 277 Second World 670 trust 778 geographical analysis machine security 672 underclass 779–80 (GAM) 281 South, the 704, 705 universalism 782 growth pole 320 stages of growth 720 urban geography 785 innovation 384 Third World 754 urban social movement 790, investment 395 war 804 791 knowledge economy 401 Cole, J.P. 608 whiteness 810 learning regions 416 Cole, Juan 460 world-systems analysis 813 Los Angeles School 432 Coleman, A. 149 class formation 335 post-Fordism 564 Coleman, James 689 class interval 83, 89–90 producer services 587 collective consumption 93–4 class-divided societies 760 production complex 589 city 86 classical age transaction costs 768 local state 423 episteme 206 world-systems analysis 814 public finance 598 representation 646 Coase, Ronald public services 601 classification and capitalism 63 urban social movement 790 regionalization 90 location theory 427 collective socialization 111 geocomputation 276 market 440, 443 Collier, Paul 107 geodemographics 276–7 cocaine 486 collinearity 94 Geographic Information Cochrane, Archie 225 general linear model Science (GISc) 279 Cochrane Collaboration 225 (GLM) 271 heuristic 331 Cockburn, Alex 545 principal components analysis Kantianism 399 Cockburn, C. 423 (pca) 582 neural networks 499 co-evolution 92 Collingwood, R.G. 364 race 615–16 co-fabrication 92 colonial expansion regional geography 633 Cohen, George 27 exploration 233 sequence analysis 677 Cohen, Gerald A. 42 uneven development 781 structuration theory 726 Cohen, J. 664 Colonial Offices 146 Claval, Paul 35 Cohen, S. 302 colonialism 94–8 Clawson, D. 413 Cohendet, P. 667 aboriginality 1 Clements, Frederic E. coherence 662 Africa, idea of 10–11 Darwinism 142 cohort 92–3 apartheid 33 ecology 176 life table 418 Asia (idea of) 37 Clementsian ecology 128 longitudinal data analysis barrio 42 Cliff, Andrew D. (LDA) 431, 432 carceral geographies 64 diffusion 160 population projection 555 cartography, history of 69 regional geography 633 COHORT measures 249 caste 72 spatial autocorrelation 712 Coker, C. 805 Chinatown 82 Clifford, J. 218 Coker, John 420 city 86 climate 90–1 Colby, C.C. 76 civilization 87 colonialism 97 Cold War 93 climate 91 cultural geography 130 area studies 35 contrapuntal geographies 113 empire 190 Asian miracle/tigers 38 critical geopolitics 123 explanation 229 border 52 cultural landscape 133 global warming 308 development 155 decolonization 145–7 imperialism 373 domination 172 division of labour 170 tropicality 777 emigration 188 domestication 171 water 807 environmental hazard 198 dual economy 173 climatology 49 environmental security 204 empire 190 Clinton, Bill 754 existentialism 228 enclosure 192 Cloke, P. 643 geopolitics 301 epistemology 207 Closed Circuit Television Green Revolution 317 ethnicity 216 (CCTV) 734 growth theory 321 Eurocentrism 220 Cloud, J. 69 heartland 326 existentialism 228 Club of Rome 418 Internet 391 exploration 232 cluster design Kantianism 401 frontier thesis 265 sampling 663 Middle East, idea of 460 genocide 273

969 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 970 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX colonialism (cont’d) Committee of Public Safety communal housing geographical societies 286 (France) 747 projects 584–5 geography 290 commodity 99–101 communication(s) 102 geopolitics 301 agro-food system 21 cartography 68 governable space 312 capital 59 cartography, history of 70 historical geography 334 commercial geography 98 critical theory 125 holocaust 337 commodity chain/filiere 101 cybernetics 138–9 immigration 371 conflict commodities 107 text 750 imperialism 373 consumption 108 time–space compression 757 instrumental variables 387 economic geography 179 communism 103 integration 388 investment 395 anarchism 27 Lamarck(ian)ism 408 labour market 405 Cold War 93 land tenure 408 labour theory of value 406, convergence, regional 115 Latin America 412 407 democracy 151 literature 420 market 440 fascism 242 migrancy 461 mimesis 466 globalization 309 modernism 469 mode of production 468 mode of production 468 modernity 471 money and finance 476 political economy 548 nation 487 place names 542 refugees 629 Occidentalism 507 pricing policies 579–80 Second World 670 Orientalism 513–14 South, the 705 socialism 700 place names 541 spatial fetishism 712 South, the 704 plantation 542 squatting 719 stages of growth 721 pluralism 543 subsistence agriculture 731 tariff 741 political ecology 546 tariff 741 Communist manifesto, the (Marx population geography 553 trade 764, 766 and Engels) 500 post-colonialism 561–2 transculturation 768 Communist Party of the Soviet post-development 563 transferability 770 Union 103 primitive accumulation 581 transnationalism 772 communitarianism 103 primitivism 581 value-added 797 community 104 property 594 World Trade Organization liberalism 417 race 615 (WTO) 813 radical democracy 618 racialization 617 commodity chain/filiere 101–2 community 103–4 self-determination 676 agribusiness 16 action research 5 settler society 679 agro-food system 21 alterity 24 slavery 687 commodity 100 anarchism 27 space 710 consumption 110 Chicago School 79 stages of growth 720 economic geography 180, Chinatown 82 subaltern studies 728 181 citizenship 84 terra nullius 743 food 259 collective consumption 94 territorialization 745 globalization 310 common property regimes 102 time–space expansion 761 human geography 351 communication(s) 102 transculturation 768 industrial district 376 communitarianism 103 tricontinentalism 776 industrial geography 378 cyberspace 139 tropicality 777 just-in-time production 398 ethnic cleansing 213 violence 799 labour process 406 famine 240 vision and visuality 801 location theory 428 garden city 267 war 804 production complex 589 gated communities 267–8 West, the 808 retailing 654 Geographic Information Columbus, Christopher services 677–8 Systems (GIS) 280 America(s) (idea of) 24 trade 764 labour geography 404 exploration 230 commodity fetishism 100 lifeworld 418 Comaroff, J. Common Agricultural Policy moral landscapes 480 ethnography 218 (CAP) 16 nationalism 488 exploration 233 Common crisis (Brandt neighbourhood 494 command economy 98 Commission) 506 neighbourhood unit 495 commercial geography 98–9 common pool resources 102, new town 501 economic geography 178 630 participatory democracy 520 geographical societies 286 common property regimes 102 peasant 524 human geography 350 common pool resources 102 rural geography 659 political geography 549 global commons 306 rural planning 660 Commission for Racial Justice common rights 191 rural–urban continuum 660 (United Church of Commons, John 385 shadow state 681 Christ) 203 communal enquiry 577 social capital 690

970 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 971 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

social reproduction 697 simulation 683 community 104 suburb/anization 732 Comte, August 558 conservation 108 turf politics 778 concentration camp crisis 120 urban and regional camp 57 cultural capital 127 planning 783 exception, space of 226 cultural economy 128 urban ecology 783 holocaust 337, 338 cultural geography 132 community food security confirmatory data analysis energy 193 (CFS) 259 exploratory data analysis environmentalism 205 community policing 545 (EDA) 234 food 258–9 commuting 104 post-normal science gentrification 274 census 75 (PNS) 570–1 geodemographics 277 city 86 sampling 664 globalization 310 counter-urbanization 119 significance test 682 habitus 323 green belt 317 simulation 683 heritage 328 labour market 405 survey analysis 734 household 346 mobility 467 conflict 106–7 leisure 416 spatial mismatch 713 cultural geography 131 placelessness 542 suburb/anization 732 environmental security 204 recreation 624, 625 system 740 immigration 372 retailing 654 compact city 104–5, 816 partition 520–1 social geography 693 comparative advantage 105 public goods 600 social space 698 competitive advantage 105 conflict commodities 107 trade 764 complementarity 105 petro-capitalism 527 urban geography 786 dependency theory 154 war 806 contextual effect 110–11 growth theory 321 Congdon, Peter 44 ecometrics 177 neo-liberalism 497 Conrad, Joseph education 187 opportunity costs 513 Africa, idea of 9 electoral geography 187 Postan thesis 560 tropicality 777 friends-and-neighbours pricing policies 579 consequentialism effect 264 proto-industrialization 595 ethics 211 neighbourhood effect 495 regionalism 639 utilitarianism 794 public policy, geography staples theory 722 conservation 107–8 and 600 sunbelt/snowbelt 732 Africa, idea of 10 reductionism 627 trade 766 cadastral mapping 57 social network 696 compass 668 ecosystem 186 contextuality 111–12 competition models national parks 488 relativism 641 contextual effect 111 NGO 501 spatiality 716 game theory 267 physical geography 536 contextualization 289 competitive advantage 105 preservation 579 contiguous zone 90, 112 growth pole 321 rural planning 660 continental shelf 112 sunbelt/snowbelt 732 tragedy of the continents 112–13 tariff 741 commons 766–7 Austral(as)ia, idea of 39 Tiebout model 755 wetlands 810 Eurocentrism 220 transnational corporations wilderness 811 geographical imaginary 282 (TNCs) 771 zoos 816–7 metageography 456 complementarity 105, 105 Conservation Foundation 108 contingent valuation 198 complexity theory 105–6 Conservation International 108 contrapuntal geographies 113–14 analytical Marxism 27 consolidation 647–8 place 541 catastrophe theory 73 Constant (situationist artist) 685 power-geometry 577 chaos theory 78 constitution 716 regional geography 634 geography 293 constructionist theory 215–16 time–space distanciation 760 Grand Theory 316 Consultative Group of transculturation 768 morphogenesis 480 International Agriculture ‘Contribution to the Critique of post-structuralism 573 Research (CGIAR) 318 Political Economy, A’ compositional effect consumer 677 (Marx) 335–6 contextual effect 110 consumer culture 327 conurbation 114 contextuality 111 consumer services 587 Convention of Biological compositional theory 627 consumerism 739 Diversity (CBD) 49 CompuServe 392 consumption 108–10 Convention on the Elimination of computer accumulation 4 Discrimination against digitizing 163 agro-food system 21 Women (CEDAW) 355 e-social science 209–10 children 81 Convention on the Prevention neural networks 499 class 88 and Punishment of the pixel 539 collective consumption 93–4 Crime of Genocide 273

971 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 972 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

Convention on the Regulation of correlation 116 friends-and-neighbours Aerial Navigation 798 categorical data analysis 73 effect 264 Convention on the Rights of the ecological fallacy 174 Coylton, East Devon 331 Child (CRC) 355 factor analysis 237 Craft, A.W. 275 Convention on Trade in general linear model Cramer’s V 73 Endangered Species (GLM) 271 Crang, M. 604–6 (CITES) 108 location theory 426 creative destruction 119 Convention Related to the Status longitudinal data analysis creative field 416 of Refugees 628–9 (LDA) 432 ‘creole nationalisms’ 488 convergence, regional 114–15 modifiable areal unit problem Cresswell, T. equilibrium 209 (maup) 475 film 253 uneven development 780 multi-level models 483 transgression 770 convergence rate 758 quantitative methods 608 Crewe, L. 654 conversation regression 639 crime 120 hermeneutics 329 significance test 682 camp 57 neighbourhood effect 495 correspondence networks 667 carceral geographies 64 pragmatism 578 Cosgrove, Denis Chicago School 79 conversation analysis cartography 69 class 88 (CA) 219–20 everyday life 223 conflict commodities 107 conversion through geographical defensible space 149 conversation 495 imagination 282 domination 172 Conzen, M.R.G. 764 landscape 409 famine 240 Cook, I. model 469 ghetto 303 anarchism 27 cosmography 116–17 policing 544 situated knowledge 684 globe 311 prisons 582–3 Cook, James spatial science 715 rational choice theory 621 Austral(as)ia, idea of 39 cosmology 642 social geography 693 exploration 231, 232 cosmopolitanism 117–18 urban and regional falsification 239 border 53 planning 782 situated knowledge 684 diaspora 159 welfare geography 807 Cooke, Phil 386 ethics 212 Crime Prevention Through Cooper, Frederick Europe, idea of 223 Environmental Design decolonization 146 globalization 310 (CPTED) 149 ethnography 218 globe 311 crisis 120–1, 121 subaltern studies 728 humanism 356 capitalism 64 co-operative 115 Kantianism 400 city 86 agrarian question 16 multilateralism 483 development 156 fair trade 238 philosophy 531 feudalism 250 populism 556 spatial identity 713 fiscal crisis 255 Cope, Edward 407 cost Green Revolution 318 Copernicus, Nicolaus opportunity costs 513 limits to growth 418 cosmography 117 sampling 662 restructuring 651 science/science studies 666 sunk costs 733 tariff 741 Copjec, J. 701 transaction costs 767–8 time–space compression 757 Coppock, J.T. 642 transport costs 773 Crissman, Lawrence 81 Corbridge, Stuart 62 cost structure 118, 769 Critical Discourse Analysis core 138 cost-benefit analysis 118–19 (CDA) 167 core–periphery model 115–16 economies of scale 183 critical geography agrarian question 16 economies of scope 184 American empire 25 commodity chain/filiere 101 externalities 235 feminist geographies 245 convergence, regional 115 Couclelis, H. 275, 276 social justice 695 dependency theory 154 Council of the Indies 97 topography 762 development 156 counterfactuals 119 critical geopolitics 121–3 division of labour 170 counter-urbanization 119 Cold War 93 gender and development 269 back-to-the-city movement 41 conflict 106 global cities/world cities 305 centrifugal and centripetal cultural geography 132 political ecology 546 forces 78 deconstruction 148 post-development 563 decentralization 144 empire 190 world-systems analysis 814 green belt 317 geography 295 Coronil, Fernando rural planning 660 human geography 351, 353 Occidentalism 508 Covenant on Economic, Social political geography 550 transculturation 768 and Cultural Rights 355 post-structuralism 572 corporate reformation 733 Cox, K.R. security 672 corporatization 116, 241 electoral geography 187 territorial integrity 744

972 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 973 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX critical human geography 123–4 animals 29 urban geography 785 Anglocentrism 28 Berkeley School 45 vision and visuality 801 Cartesianism 66 cultural landscape 133 visual methods 802 cosmopolitanism 118 environmental history 200 cultural hearth 133 critical theory 126 geography 292 Berkeley School 45 equality 209 Marxist geography 447 cultural geography 130, 131 ethics 212 nomadism 501 home 341 Eurocentrism 221 pastoralism 521 urban origins 788 geography 295 peasant 525 cultural landscape 133–4, 134 geopolitics 301 political ecology 545 Berkeley School 45 hermeneutics 329 probabilism 585 body 50 human geography 352 subsistence agriculture 731 cultural geography 130 philosophy 531 cultural economy 128–9 cultural hearth 133 population geography 552 cultural geography 132 heritage 327 radical geography 620 cultural turn 135 hermeneutics 328 critical problematics 97 economic geography 180 historical geography 334 critical rationalism 124–5 cultural evolutionism 501 homeland 343 critical theory 126 cultural genocide human geography 351 falsification 239 holocaust 337 metaphor 456 logical positivism 430 political geography 550 place 540 critical realism cultural geography 129–33 post-structuralism 572 industrial geography 377 ageing 13 cultural materialism 136 naturalism 492 art 36 cultural politics 134 realism 622 Berkeley School 45 language 411 critical theory 125–7, 126 biogeography 47 music 485 Cartesianism 66 border 52 radical geography 620 cartography 68 complexity theory 106 resistance 647 culture 136 cultural landscape 133 cultural relativism 520 Eurocentrism 221 cultural politics 134 cultural reproduction 346 existentialism 229 cultural turn 134 cultural studies 617 geodemographics 277 diffusion 160 cultural turn 134–5 Grand Theory 315 ecumene 186 complexity theory 106 historical geography 333–4 Enlightenment 194 cultural geography 129, 132 human geography 352 ethnomethodology 219 culture 135 ideology 367 existentialism 228 economic geography 179–80 Kantianism 400 feminist geographies 245 geography 293 leisure 417 fieldwork 251 hermeneutics 329 lifeworld 418 historical geography 333 human agency 348 Marxism 444 historicism 336 human geography 352 modernism 470 homeland 342–3 humanities 359 positivism 559 human geography 350, 352 hybridity 361 posthumanism 564 humanistic geography 358 industrial revolution 379 private and public spheres 583 indistinction, zone of 375 location theory 428 theory 752 innovation 384 methodological Croix de Feu 242 landscape 409, 410 individualism 457 Cronon, William language 411 military geography 465 environmental history 199, literature 420 music 485 200 locality 425 non-representational wilderness 811 media 450 theory 503 Crosby, Alfred 175 music 485 political geography 550 Crouch, Stanley 9 non-representational post-structuralism 571 crude birth rate 249 theory 503, 504 relevance 642 Crulai, Normandy 331 place 539, 540 resistance 647 Crusades pluralism 543 services 678 just war 397 process 586 space-economy 711 Pirenne thesis 539 quantitative methods 609 war 806 Cuban Missile Crisis 93 radical democracy 619 cultural violence 798–9 cultural capital 127 reductionism 627 culture 135–8 habitus 323 relativism 641 aboriginality 1 tourism 764 retailing 653 affect 9 cultural diversity 481 retrospective approach 654 Berkeley School 45 cultural ecology 127–8 sexuality 680 body 51 adaptation 8 social geography 693 Chinatown 82 Africa, idea of 10 sport(s) 718 colonialism 95, 97

973 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 974 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX culture (cont’d) hybridity 361 sampling 661–4 community 103 subject/subjectivity 730 scientific consumption 109 cycle(s) instrumentation 668–9 contrapuntal geographies 113 life course/life-cycle 418 secondary data analysis 670–1 critical human geography 123 product life cycle 587–9 sequence analysis 676–7 critical theory 125 profit cycle 593 survey analysis 734–7 cultural economy 128–9 regional cycles 632 data analysis, confirmatory. See cultural landscape 133 resort life-cycle model 647–8 confirmatory data analysis cultural turn 134 Cycle of Fear 523 data archive 143 environmental cycle of poverty 141 digitizing 164 determinism 196–7 ghetto 303 secondary data analysis 670 ethnicity 214 underclass 779 Data Archive (UK) Europe, idea of 222 data archive 143 fieldwork 251 da Gama, Vasco 230 secondary data analysis 671 flows 258 da Orta, Garcia 230 data mining 143, 276 gender 268 Dachau 337 database, relational. See relational genius loci 272 Dada 685 database genocide 272 Dahl, Robert Davidson, J. geography, history of 297 pluralism 543 gender 269 heritage 328 power 575 subject/subjectivity 730 home 341 Dahlman, Carl 213–14 Davis, David Brion 687 human agency 347 Dalby, S. Davis, J. 16 human geography 351 critical geopolitics 122 Davis, Mike immigration 372–3 security 672 genocide 273 landscape 409 Daniels, Stephen slum 688 law 414 landscape 409 urbanization 793 literature 420 moral landscapes 479 war 806 local–global relations 424 Darby, H.C. Davis, William M. map reading 439 geography 288 cultural landscape 133 material culture 448–9 historical geography 332–3 Darwinism 142 morphology 480 literature 420 geography 291 nature 493 process 586 geography, history of 296 Orientalism 514 vertical theme 798 Lamarck(ian)ism 408 place 540 Darwin, Charles Davos World 523 post-industrial society 566 Darwinism 142 De Angelis, Massimo 581 postmodernism 567 domestication 171 de Man, Paul 148 post-structuralism 572 ecology 176 De Soto, Hernando 719 probabilism 585 race 616 Dear, Michael regional geography 633–5 Darwinism 142–3 Grand Theory 315 relativism 641 adaptation 7–8 relevance 642 Sjoberg model 686 affect 8 urban geography 787 society 701 Africa, idea of 10 D’Eaubonne, Franc¸ois 174 thick description 753 anthropogeography 30 Debord, Guy tourism 763 Chicago School 79 commodity 100 transculturation 768–9 development 156 modernity 473 transgression 770 Europe, idea of 223 psychogeography 597 transnationalism 772 functionalism 265, 266 situationists/situationism 685 transport geography 773 Geopolitik 302 spectacle 717–8 travel writing 774 invasion and succession 395 Debt Crisis 156 virtual geographies 800 Lamarck(ian)ism 407, 408 decentralization 143–4 wilderness 811 Lebensraum 416 agglomeration 14 culture area 133, 138 naturalism 491 Alonso model 23 cybernetics 138–9, 140 political geography 549, 550 central business district cyberspace 139–40 pragmatism 577 (CBD) 75 cybernetics 139 race 616 centrifugal and centripetal cyborg 140 data analysis forces 78 geodemographics 276 categorical data analysis 73–4 core–periphery model 115 Internet 392 exploratory data analysis product life cycle 588 territorialization 745 (EDA) 234 decision-making 144–5 virtual geographies 799 longitudinal data analysis agent-based modelling 13 virtual reality 800 (LDA) 431–2 algorithm 22 cyborg 140–1 post-normal science artificial intelligence 37 body 52 (PNS) 571 behavioural geography 44 cybernetics 139 primary data analysis 580 cost-benefit analysis 118

974 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 975 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

game theory 267 minor theory 466 mortality 481 governance 313 naturalism 492 nuptuality 506 post-normal science nomadology 502 population density 552 (PNS) 570 ontology 512–13 population geography 553 quantitative methods 609 post-structuralism 573 population projection 555 search behaviour 670 process 587 tragedy of the commons 766 decollectivization 525 rhizome 655 urbanization 792 decolonization 145–7 space 709 Deng Xiao Ping 700 colonialism 96 spatiality 717 Denoon, D. 679 development 155 territorialization 745 density gradient 154 growth theory 321 Deleuzian philosophy Denton, N.A. 675 imperialism 373 cultural geography 133 Department of Homeland mode of production 468 culture 138 Security 343 self-determination 676 deliberative mapping 150, 437 department stores 654 state 723 della Dora, V. 69 dependence, zone of. See zone of territorial integrity 744 Demangeon, Albert 199 dependence tricontinentalism 776 Demeritt, David dependency ratio 154 deconstruction 147–9 environmental history 200 dependency theory 154–5 animals 29 science/science studies 667 core–periphery model 115 cartography 68 democide 273 development 156 critical geopolitics 121 democracy 150–2 dual economy 173 cultural geography 131 agrarian question 14 industrialization 380 dialectic(s) 158 civil society 87 mode of production 468 gender 268 Cold War 93 NIDL 500 human geography 354 electoral geography 188 political ecology 546 literature 422 ethnic democracy 214 post-development 563 Marxism 445 liberalism 417 underdevelopment 780 metaphor 456 market 442 world-systems analysis 813 posthumanism 564 modernity 471 deportation 213 post-structuralism 572 nation-state 490 Derrida, Jacques subaltern studies 727 nomos 502 animals 29 subject/subjectivity 729 participatory democracy 520 anti-humanism 33 text 750 Pax Americana 523 assemblage 38 textuality 751 peasant 525 critical geopolitics 121 deduction 149 pluralism 543 deconstruction 147–9 classification and populism 556 discourse analysis 168 regionalization 90 quango 607 epistemology 206 geocomputation 275 radical democracy 618–19 ethics 213 geodemographics 277 restructuring 652 geography 290 induction 375 social well-being 700 literature 420 deep ecology 149 West, the 809 Marxism 445 environmentalism 205 World Trade Organization mimesis 466 geopiety 300 (WTO) 813 phenomenology 529 defensible space 149–50 Democritus 449 philosophy 530 deindustrialization 150 demographic transition 152, postmodernism 568 economic geography 179 152–3 post-socialism 571 gentrification 274 ageing 12 post-structuralism 571, 572 inner city 384 Boserup thesis 53 social theory 699 location theory 427 fertility 249 socialism 700 restructuring 653 nuptuality 506 subaltern studies 727 deinstitutionalization 343 population geography 553 text 750 Delaney, David world-systems analysis 814 textuality 751 difference 159 demography 153–4 Descartes, Rene´ law 414 Chicago School 80 Cartesianism 65 Deleuze, Gilles cohort 92 chorology/chorography 83 actor-network theory (ANT) 6 crime 120 foundationalism 262 affect 8 demographic transition 152 identity 364 assemblage 38 fertility 249 modernity 473 epistemology 207 geodemographics 276–7 scientific revolution(s) 669 ethics 213 historical demography 331–2 descriptive cosmography 116 film 253 interviews and desertification 155 flows 257 interviewing 393 desire geographical imagination 283 life expectancy 418 human geography 354 Marxism 445 life table 418 structuralism 725

975 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 976 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

Desmond, Jane 764 social capital 689 holocaust 337 deterministic complexity 105 stages of growth 721 home 341 de-territorialization sustainability 737–8 homeland 342 geography 289 sustainable development 739 identity 366 globalization 310 terms of trade 743 immigration 372 territorialization 745, 746 Third World 754 memory 455 time–space expansion 761 transnational corporations population geography 554 Detroit Geographical (TNCs) 772 spatial identity 712 Expedition 80 transport geography 773 subaltern studies 728 Deutsche, R. tropicality 777 war 806 geographical imagination 284 underclass 779 Dicken, Peter vision and visuality 801 underdevelopment 780 economic geography 181 development 155–6 uneven development 780–2 industrial geography 378 Africa, idea of 10 urban geography 787 investment 395 agricultural involution 19 West, the 808 transfer pricing 769 aid 21 World Social Forum Dickens, Charles 688 AIDS 22 (WSF) 812 Dickinson, R. anti-development 30–1 World Trade Organization anthropogeography 30 applied geography 34 (WTO) 813 regional geography 634 colonialism 96 Development Assistance Diderot, Denis 90 commodity chain/filiere 101 Countries (DAC) 21–2 Dietz, M.G. 243 conflict commodities 107 devolution 156–7 difference 159–60 core–periphery model 115 regional policy 637 children 81 deindustrialization 150 subsidiarity 731 communication(s) 102 dependency theory 154–5 DeVries, Hugo 142 equality 208–9 dual economy 173 Dewey, John ethnicity 214 economic geography 181 actor-network theory (ANT) 7 ethnoburb 217 empowerment 191 institutional economics 385 ethnocentrism 217 enterprise zone 195 pragmatism 577, 578 minor theory 467 entrepreneurship 195 Dexter, H. 806 post-structuralism 573 environmental Dhareshwar, V. 221 public space 602 determinism 197 dialectic(s) 157–8 race 617 environmental history 200 analytical Marxism 27 rural geography 659 environmentalism 205 dialectical image 158 social justice 695 ethics 212 environmentalism 205 topography 762 farming 241, 242 ethnography 219 differential shift 681 food 259 geography 294 diffusion 160–2, 162 gender and glocalization 312 AIDS 22 development 269–70 imaginative geographies 370 anthropogeography 30 geography 290 internal relations 390 Berkeley School 45 growth theory 321 local–global relations 424 cellular automata 74 indigenous knowledge 374 Marxism 444 colonialism 94 information economy 382 moral landscapes 479 contextual effect 110 International Monetary Fund non-place 503 cultural geography 130 (IMF) 390 ontology 512 demographic transition 152 mode of production 468 philosophy 531 demography 153 modernization 474 political ecology 546 density gradient 154 nation-state 489 post-structuralism 573 disease, diffusion of 168 NIDL 500 production of space 590 geocomputation 275 pastoralism 521 scale 665 geography 288, 292 population geography 553 space-economy 711 Green Revolution 318 populism 556 teleology 742 historical geography 333 post-development 562–4 time–space expansion 761 home 341 poverty 574 transculturation 769 human geography 352 power 576 trialectics 776 innovation 384 primitive accumulation 581 dialectical image 158, 158 Kondratieff waves 403 private interest developments Diamond, Jared mean information field (m.i.f.) (pids) 584–5 biogeography 47 449 reconstruction 623–4 probabilism 585 media 450 restructuring 651 Dias, Bartholomew 230 medical geography 451 ribbon development 656 diaspora 158–9 music 485 rural geography 659 Chinatown 82 population geography 553 rural planning 660 conflict 106 profit cycle 593 social area analysis 688 cultural geography 132 quantitative methods 608

976 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 977 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

regional cycles 632 human geography 354 apartheid 33 simulation 683 idealism 364 primitive accumulation 581 social network 696 ideology 368 distance decay 168–9, 169 sport(s) 718 imperialism 374 Alonso model 23 time–space convergence 758 industrial district 376 bid-rent curve 46 digital cartography 162–3 interviews and density gradient 154 analogue 26–7 interviewing 394 diffusion 160 cartography 67 landscape 410 friction of distance 264 Geographic Information language 411 gravity model 317 Systems (GIS) 280 Middle East, idea of 460 intervening opportunities 393 map 434 Orientalism 513 population potential 554 digital elevation models outsourcing 516 process 586 (DEMs) 162, 163 philosophy 531 public goods 600 digitizing 163–4 populism 556 public services 601 digital cartography 162 positivism 559 quantitative methods 607–8 geocoding 275 post-colonialism 562 retailing 654 Internet 392 post-development 562 transport costs 773 Dilthey, Wilhelm 328, 329 post-Marxism 566 von Thu¨nen model 803 Dion, Roger 654 post-structuralism 572 districting algorithm 169 direct violence 798 power 576 classification and directly productive activity primitivism 581–2 regionalization 90 (DPA) 382 qualitative methods 605 electoral geography 188 disability 164–5 queer theory 613 gerrymandering 303 behavioural geography 45 structuralism 725 districts, districting body 51, 52 text 750, 751 central business district cultural geography 132 textuality 751 (CBD) 75–6 difference 159 theory 751 gerrymandering 303 medical geography 452 Third World 754 industrial district 375–6 recognition 623 travel writing 774 racial districting 617 social geography 693 urban geography 787 redistricting 626 society 702 vision and visuality 801 red-light districts 625 subject/subjectivity 728 visual methods 802 diversity urban geography 785 discourse analysis 167–8 biodiversity 46 disability geography 13 economic geography 180 environmental disciplinary power 165–6 performativity 527 determinism 197 bare life (‘naked life’) 41 post-structuralism 572 rural geography 659 genealogy 270 discovery view 422 division of labour 169–70 governmentality 314 discrepant areal differentiation 35 ideology 367 cosmopolitanisms 310 capitalism 60 Panopticon 517 discrete choice model 795 city 85 post-structuralism 572 discrimination competitive advantage 105 sport(s) 718 equality 208 economic growth 182 surveillance 733 ghetto 303 exchange 227 war 804 labour market 405 household 346 discourse 166–7 prisons 583 human geography 351 American empire 25 underclass 779 industrialization 380 anti-development 31 discrimination, positive. See knowledge economy 401 colonialism 95 positive discrimination labour process 406 critical geopolitics 122 disease, diffusion of 168 New International Division of critical human geography 123 biosecurity 49 Labour 500–1 cultural economy 129 climate 91 NIDL 500–1 Enlightenment 194 diffusion 161–2 peasant 524 epistemology 207 epidemic 205–6 proto-industrialization 595 exploration 232 epidemiology 206 regional geography 635 fertility 249 friction of distance 264 restructuring 653 film 254 medical geography 451–2 social area analysis 689 focus group 258 Poisson regression models 544 sunbelt/snowbelt 732 gender 268 regional cycles 632 Taylorism 742 geographical space-time forecasting transaction costs 768 imagination 283–4 models 711 urban system 791 geography 292 virus 800 urbanism 791 geography, history of 296, 297 Disneyfication 168, 682 divorce 621 globalization 308 Disneyland 168 Dixon, D.P. 207 human agency 348 dispossession DNA 349, 350

977 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 978 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

Dodgshon, R.A. 760–1 exchange 228 urban ecology 783 Doel, Marcus functionalism 265 ecometrics 177, 483 deconstruction 148 geographical imagination 283 econometrics, spatial. See spatial ethnic cleansing 213 human geography 350 econometrics literature 421 morphology 480 Economic and Social Research domain 138 social capital 689 Council Domesday Book 333 social movements 695 e-social science 210 domestic labour 170–1 social theory 698, 699 Geographic Information division of labour 170 Durlauf, S. 110 Systems (GIS) 281 domesticity 171 Durrell, Lawrence 272 locality 425 feminism 243 Dust Bowl (US) economic base theory 177–8 feminist geographies 245, 246 conservation 108 location quotient 426 home 341 water 807 staples theory 721 domestication 171 Dutailly, J.C. 101 economic capital 127 animals 29 duties 656 Economic Commission on Latin wilderness 811 dystopia 523 America (ECLAC) 154 domesticity 171–2 economic development 237 domicide 342 Eagleton, Terry 420 economic efficiency 519 domination 172, 723 Earth economic geography 178–81 domino theory 173, 633 environmentalism 204–5 ageing 13 Domosh, M. 394 surface 733 agricultural geography 17 Dorn, M. 452 surveying 737 climate 91 Douglas, Mary Earth First! 149 commercial geography 98 exchange 228 Earth Summit (Rio de Janeiro, communication(s) 102 risk 658 1992). See Rio Conference consumption 108 Dowling, R. 341–2 East Friesland 331 cultural geography 132 Downs, Roger Easterlow, D. 452 deconstruction 148 children 80 Eastern Europe externalities 235 mental maps/cognitive heartland 326 feminist geographies 245 maps 455 post-socialism 571 game theory 267 Drake, E.L. 510 Eastern Question 460 geographical imagination 283 Driver, Felix ecofeminism 174 geography 290 exploration 230 ecological fallacy 174 geography, history of 298 fieldwork 251 ecological inference 175 hermeneutics 329 moral geographies 478–9 electoral geography 188 human geography 350, 351 trust 778 modifiable areal unit problem industrial geography 376 Drucker, P. (maup) 475 innovation 384 knowledge economy 401 multi-level models 483 institutional economics 385, urban exploration 784 neighbourhood effect 495 386 Drummond, I. 738 quantitative methods 610 local knowledge 423 dry farming 173 scale 665 location theory 426, 428 dual economy 173 social space 697 media 450 core–periphery model 115 territorial justice 744 New Economic growth theory 322 ecological imperialism 174–5, Geography 500 informal sector 381 811 positivism 559 dualism 491 ecological inference 175 post-industrial city 565 Dubai 792 Bayesian analysis 44 process 586 Ducatel, K.J. 654 ecological fallacy 174 producer services 587 Duhem, Pierre 229 electoral geography 188 qualitative methods 603 Duncan, James S. modifiable areal unit problem rational choice theory 621, culture 135, 138 (maup) 475, 476 639 landscape 410 quantitative methods 610 reductionism 627 structuralism 725 ecology 175–7 regional policy 637 thick description 753 bioregionalism 49 regulation theory 641 Duncan, N. Boserup thesis 54 restructuring 652 culture 138 cultural ecology 127–8 retailing 653 landscape 410 deep ecology 149 sexuality 680 structuralism 725 factorial ecology 237 trade 766 Dunn, K. human ecology 348–9 transaction costs 767 ethnicity 214 invasion and succession 395 trust 777 food 259 music 485 utilitarianism 795 Dunning, J. 395 political ecology 545–7 economic growth 182 Durkheim, E´ mile quadrat analysis 603 Asian miracle/tigers 38 communitarianism 103 system 740 growth coalitions 320

978 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 979 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

Marxist economics 446 global cities/world cities 304, Third World 754 poverty 573 305 welfare state 808 regime of accumulation 630 globalization 309 efficiency shift-share model 681 gross domestic product productivity 592 sustainable development 739 (GDP) 319 sampling 662 Third World 754 gross national product egalitarianism 187 transnational corporations (GNP) 320 Egypt 460 (TNCs) 772 growth pole 320 Eichler, M. 28 economic integration 182–3 industrial revolution 378 Einstein, Albert geopolitics 302 information economy 382 chronotope 83 social well-being 700 input-output 385 critical rationalism 124 economic production 346 knowledge economy 401, 403 time 755 Economic Restructuring, Social market 440–3 Eisenhower, Dwight D. 464 Change and the place 539 Eisenstein, Z. 246 Locality 425 political economy 547–9 El Tor cholera strain 517 economics Postan thesis 560 Elden, S. 401 capital 58 public space 602 electoral geography 187–8 class 88 regional policy 638 contextual effect 110 conservation 108 services 678 democracy 150–1 co-operative 115 social construction 691 friends-and-neighbours cost-benefit analysis 118 society 701 effect 264 environmental space-economy 710–11 gerrymandering 303 economics 197–8 urban origins 789 human geography 353 game theory 267 ecosystem 185–6 institutionalism 386 institutional economics 385–6 adaptation 8 modifiable areal unit problem liberalism 417 feedback 243 (maup) 476 Marxist economics 445–6 global warming 308 neighbourhood effect 495 neo-classical economics 495–6 pastoralism 521 political geography 550 neo-liberalism 497–8 political ecology 545 public choice theory 598 neo-Ricardian economics 498 resource 648 quantitative methods 609, 610 resource economics 649 system 740 social network 696 terms of trade 743 urban ecology 783 Eliade, Mircea 661 transport geography 773 wilderness 811 Elias, Norbert 87 world-systems analysis 814 ecumene 83, 186 Elliott, John 24 economies of scale 183 EDA. See exploratory data Elson, Diane 407 agglomeration 14 analysis Elster, Jon complementarity 105 Edensor, T. 801 analytical Marxism 27 energy 193 edge city 186 capitalism 61 flexible accumulation 256 Alonso model 23 ideology 367 Fordism 260 central business district methodological industrial organization 378 (CBD) 76 individualism 457 transnational corporations counter-urbanization 119 E-mapping 360, 361 (TNCs) 771 exopolis 229 embeddedness 179, 180 economies of scope 184 post-industrial city 565 embodiment 684 agglomeration 14 sprawl 719 Emel, J. 324 economies of scale 184 suburb/anization 732 Emerson, F.V. 532 flexible accumulation 256–7 urban fringe 784 emigration 188, 213 transnational corporations urban geography 785 emotional geography 188–9 (TNCs) 771 Edinburgh school 423 affect 9 economy 184–5 Edinburgh ‘strong children 81 alternative economies 24 programme’ 667 cultural geography 131 base and superstructure 42–3 education 186–7 geo-body 274 co-evolution 92 children 80 health and health care 325 command economy 98 contextual effect 111 home 340 commodity 99 cultural capital 127 idealism 364 core–periphery model 115 cycle of poverty 141 music 485 cultural economy 128–9 geographical societies 286 non-representational domestic labour 171 geography 287, 288 theory 504 domesticity 172 geography, history of 298 rural geography 659 dual economy 173 literature 422 sport(s) 718 economic geography 179 migration 463 emotions 347 equilibrium 209 public services 601 empire 189–90 exchange 228 social geography 693 America(s) (idea of) 25 external economies 234–5 subject/subjectivity 729 American empire 25–6

979 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 980 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX empire (cont’d) base and superstructure 42 quantitative revolution 611 colonialism 94, 96 class 88 entropy-maximizing models 196 conflict 106 globalization 309 ecological inference 175 domination 172 historical materialism 335 economic geography 179 Enlightenment 194 ideology 366 entropy 195 hegemony 327 inner city 384 gravity model 316–17 historical geography 334 Marxism 444 information theory 382 home 341 mode of production 468 prediction 579 identity 365 NIDL 500 quantitative methods 608 imperialism 373–4 segregation 674 environment memory 453 slum 688 human geography 350 military geography 465 stages of growth 720 population geography 552 occupation, military 508 terms of trade 743 environmental audit 196 partition 520 England Environmental Design Research slavery 687 enclosure 191–2 Association 45 trust 778 historical demography 331 environmental war 806 Malthusian model 433–4 determinism 196–7 empiricism 190–1 place names 541 anthropogeography 30 cartography, history of 70 political economy 547 Berkeley School 45 case study 72 political geography 549 biogeography 47 critical human geography 123 Postan thesis 560 climate 90 economic geography 180 English language 28–9 co-evolution 92 extensive research 234 Enlightenment 193–5 colonialism 96 foundationalism 262 Asia (idea of) 37 continents 113 geographical explanation economy 184 cultural landscape 133 machine (GEM) 282 epistemology 206, 207 environmentalism 205 geography 290 Eurocentrism 220 Europe, idea of 223 Grand Theory 315 Europe, idea of 222 explanation 229 hermeneutics 329 fieldwork 251 geography, history of 297–8 historical geography 333 geography 288 hazard 324 logical empiricism 429–30 geography, history of 296 human agency 347 population geography 553 hermeneutics 329 human geography 350 positivism 558 historical geography 335 Lamarck(ian)ism 408 quantitative revolution 611 identity 364 local knowledge 422 realism 622 Kantianism 400 nature 493 science/science studies 667 mimesis 466 nomadism 501 values 797 modernity 471, 473 physical geography 533, 534 employment 177–8 population geography 552, probabilism 585 empowerment 191 553 religion 643 action research 5 primitivism 581 social geography 693 activism 6 race 615 environmental economics 197–8 gender and representation 645 externalities 235 development 269–70 rhetoric 655 global warming 308 enclave 191 scientific instrumentation 669 intensive agriculture 389 exclave 228 secularism 671 limits to growth 419 free port 263 slavery 687 natural resources 490 ghetto 303 social theory 699 environmental hazard 198–9 regional geography 633 welfare state 808 behavioural geography 44–5 segregation 673 enterprise zone 195, 263 hazard 324 enclosure 191–2 Entfernung 337 pollution 551 field system 251 entitlement environmental history 199–200 intensive agriculture 389 hunger 360, 361 diffusion 161 primitive accumulation 580 pastoralism 521 geography 292–3 endogeneity 192 entrepreneurship 195 historical geography 335 Bayesian analysis 44 informal sector 381 music 485 contextual effect 110 squatting 719 Environmental Impact instrumental variables 387 urban Assessment 200–1 spatial econometrics 712 entrepreneurialism 783–4 environmental justice 201–2 energy 193 Entrikin, J.N. 400 ecofeminism 174 petro-capitalism 527–8 entropy 195–6 environmentalism 205 pollution 551 entropy-maximizing geography 294 recycling 625 models 196 human geography 351 transport geography 773 general systems theory 271 political ecology 547 Engels, Friedrich information theory 382 pollution 551–2

980 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 981 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

social justice 694 diffusion 160 situated knowledge 683, 684 urban nature 788 disease, diffusion of 168 subject/subjectivity 731 environmental management epidemiology 206 territorialization 745 systems (EMS) 196 pandemic 517 territory 746 environmental movement 202 point pattern analysis 543–4 trialectics 776 conservation 108 Postan thesis 560 universalism 782 cost-benefit analysis 118 regional cycles 632 EPSEM sampling 662 deep ecology 149 space-time forecasting EPZ. See export processing zone ecosystem 186 models 711 equality 208–9 energy 193 epidemic effects 111 convergence, regional 114–15 environmental audit 196 epidemiology 206 egalitarianism 187 environmental economics 197 agent-based modelling 14 inequality, spatial 380–1 physical geography 536 Bayesian analysis 44 law of the sea 415 political ecology 545 Brenner thesis 56 liberalism 417 pollution 551 diffusion 161 social justice 695 environmental perception 202–3 point pattern analysis 543–4 Equator 506 behavioural geography 44 stochastic process 724 equilibrium 209 human geography 351 virus 800 feedback 243 imaginative geographies 370 episteme 206 game theory 267 mental maps/cognitive Cartesianism 65 growth theory 322 maps 455 genealogy 270 uneven development 780 place 539 epistemology 206–8 equity environmental policy 630 abstraction 2 ethnicity 217 environmental politics body 51 Green Revolution 319 ecology 176 Cartesianism 65 Eratosthenes 311 environmental justice 201 cartographic reason 66 Ermarth, E. Deeds 656 environmental psychology 45, contextuality 112 error 662–4 203 critical geopolitics 122 Escobar, Arturo environmental racism 203–4 critical human geography 123 indigenous knowledge 374 environmental refugees 204, 204 cultural turn 134 post-development 562–3 Environmental Research Systems cybernetics 138 Third World 754 Inc. (ESRI) 281 decision-making 144 e-social science 209–10, 276 environmental security 204 deconstruction 148 Essay (Malthus) 332 limits to growth 419 essentialism 210 essentialism 210–11 security 672 Euclidean space 220 authenticity 40 environmentalism 204–5 fieldwork 251 body 51 children 80 flows 257 contrapuntal geographies 113 cosmopolitanism 117 foundationalism 262 existentialism 228 cultural ecology 128 gentrification 274 explanation 230 deep ecology 149 Geographic Information foundationalism 262 ecology 175–7 Science (GISc) 277 Grand Theory 316 ethics 212 Geographic Information local knowledge 423 farming 241 Systems (GIS) 280 Marxism 445 film 253 geographical imagination 284 nomadism 501 global commons 306 geography 295 Orientalism 514 global warming 308 hermeneutics 329 philosophy 530 globe 311 human geography 353 post-structuralism 573 hazard 324 ideology 368 product life cycle 588 historical geography 335 image 369 profit cycle 593 land use and land-cover change masculinism 448 queer theory 612 (LULC) 409 metaphor 456 radical democracy 619 liberalism 417 methodology 457, 458 Esteva, G. 31 limits to growth 418 mimesis 466 ethics 211–13 moral geographies 478 naturalism 491 affect 9 moral landscapes 479 ontology 511, 512 commodity chain/filiere 101 nature 494 population geography 552 cosmopolitanism 118 postmaterialism 566 postmodernity 569 deconstruction 148 sustainability 738 post-socialism 571 exploration 230 tropicality 777 post-structuralism 572, 573 fair trade 238 values 797 qualitative methods 604 food 260 wilderness 811 region 630 geography 295 zoning 816 representation 645 hazard 325 Epicurus 449 rhetoric 655 just war 397 epidemic 205–6 scale 665 law 415

981 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 982 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX ethics (cont’d) continents 112 racialization 617 methodology 458 critical theory 126 refugees 628 moral geographies 478 democracy 151 situated knowledge 684 performance 526 Eurocentrism 221 theory 752 philosophy 531 geographical imagination 285 time–space distanciation 760 positivism 559 Kantianism 400 tricontinentalism 776 postmodernity 568 Marxism 445 Europe qualitative methods 604 Middle East, idea of 461 empire 189 regional geography 636 primitivism 582 enclosure 191 relativism 641 situated knowledge 684 Enlightenment 193–4 religion 643 stages of growth 721 Eurocentrism 220 subject/subjectivity 729 theory 752 historical demography 331–2 values 797 ethnocracy 217 historical geography 332 ethnic cleansing ethnography 217–19 humanities 358 ethnicity 215 adaptation 8 Middle East, idea of 460 fascism 243 Chicago School 79 military geography 465 genocide 273 cultural ecology 128 modernity 471 terrorism 747 cultural geography 131 multilateralism 482 urbicide 794 economic geography 180 nomos 502 ethnic democracy 214, 217 ethnomethodology 219 Postan thesis 560 ethnicity 214–17 globalization 311 Europe, idea of 222–3 ageing 13 humanistic geography 357 Africa, idea of 10 body 51 industrial geography 378 America(s) (idea of) 24, 25 census 74 intensive research 389 Asia (idea of) 37 Chicago School 79 local knowledge 423 Austral(as)ia, idea of 39 contextual effect 110 participant observation 520 biopolitics, biopower 48 cultural geography 132 qualitative methods 603–5 Brenner thesis 56 diaspora 159 rhetoric 655 Cold War 93 disability 165 taken-for-granted world 741 continents 112 division of labour 170 text 750 contrapuntal geographies 113 egalitarianism 187 thick description 753 critical theory 127 entrepreneurship 195 travel writing 774 falsification 239 environmental justice 201 ethnomethodology 219–20 fascism 242 ethnic democracy 214 human agency 348 feudalism 249–50 exploration 233 humanistic geography 357 field system 251 federalism 243 performance 526 genocide 273 feminist geographies 247 qualitative methods 605 industrialization 380 Fourth World 263 vision and visuality 802 inheritance systems 383 frontier 264 Etzioni, Amitai integration 388 genocide 272 communitarianism 103 situated knowledge 684 ghetto 303 community 104 stages of growth 720 health and health care 325 EU underclass 779 household 346 border 52 European Bank for human geography 351 free trade area (FTA) 264 Reconstruction and ideology 367 Euclid 220 Development (EBRD) 624 invasion and succession 395 Euclidean space 220 European Community (EC) 223 labour market 405 eugenics 616 European Community life expectancy 418 Euler, Leonhard 316 Household Panel 670 neighbourhood 494 Eurocentrism 220–2 European Economic Community pastoralism 521 Anglocentrism 28 (EEC) 223 population geography 553 colonialism 94 European Union (EU) quantitative methods 609 democracy 151 devolution 157 recognition 623 development 155 Europe, idea of 223 rural geography 659 genocide 273 integration 388 social geography 692, 693 geographical imagination 285 neo-liberalism 497 society 702 geography 289 post-socialism 571 subject/subjectivity 728 governmentality 314 regime theory 630 urban geography 785 Malthusian model 434 regionalism 639 urban village 791 modernity 471, 473 Second World 670 whiteness 810 nation 487 subsidiarity 731 zoning 816 nationalism 488 Evans, Estyn 199 ethnoburb 217 Occidentalism 508 Evans, T. 630 ethnocentrism 217 Other/Otherness 515 Evans-Pritchard, E. 519 Anglocentrism 28 psychoanalytic theory 596 event history analysis 432

982 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 983 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX everyday life 223–5 exemplar methodology 458 cultural geography 130 neural networks 499 sampling 661, 663 cyberspace 140 paradigm 518 survey analysis 734 geography 291 existentialism 228–9 external economies 234–5 hegemony 327 humanism 356 agglomeration 14 minor theory 466 Marxism 444 economies of scale 183 music 485 nature 493 externalities 235 social construction 691 space 709 growth pole 320 taken-for-granted world 741 spatiality 716 product life cycle 588 evidence-based policy 225 values 797 production complex 589 longitudinal data analysis exit, voice and loyalty 229, 733 external sovereignty 706 (LDA) 431 exogenous effects 110 externalities 235–6 secondary data analysis 671 exopolis 229 cost-benefit analysis 118 simulation 683 edge city 186 decentralization 144 evolution suburb/anization 732 environmental economics 197 co-evolution 92 urban fringe 784 external economies 234 Darwinism 142, 143 explanation 229–30 game theory 267 development 155 law (scientific) 415 growth theory 321 domestication 171 location theory 426 negative 235 Lamarck(ian)ism 407 logical empiricism 430 NIMBY 501 naturalism 491 logical positivism 430 positive 235 territoriality 744 proto-industrialization 595 private interest developments exception, space of 225–6 Explanation in geography (pids) 585 American empire 26 (Harvey) 353 public services 601 bare life (‘naked life’) 41 explanatory models (EMs) 325 zoning 816 camp 57–8 exploration 230–4 extinction 46 empire 190 art 36 extractive economy 527 geopolitics 302 continents 112 extraordinary rendition 516 globalization 310 epistemology 207 Eyles, J. 606 holocaust 339 fieldwork 251 homo sacer 344 geographical explanation Fabian Society 700 human rights 355 machine (GEM) 282 Fabianism 443 humanism 356 geographical societies 286 factor analysis 237 imaginative geographies 371 geography 290 ecometrics 177 indistinction, zone of 375 laboratory 404 factorial ecology 237 just war 397 military geography 465 general linear model modernity 473 regional geography 633 (GLM) 271 nomos 502 resort life-cycle model 647 multidimensional scaling occupation, military 508 situated knowledge 684 (MDS) 482 philosophy 531 travel writing 774 principal components analysis refugees 629 tropicality 777 (pca) 582 sovereign power 706 trust 778 factorial ecology 237 space 709 urban exploration 784 census 75 terrorism 748 visualization 803 factor analysis 237 exceptionalism 226–7 exploratory data analysis principal components analysis chorology/chorography 83 (EDA) 234 (pca) 582 explanation 229 categorical data analysis 73 quantitative revolution 611 geography 288 data mining 143 social area analysis 689 geography, history of 298 factor analysis 237 urban geography 785 geopolitics 302 geographically weighted zonal model 815 idiographic 368 regression (GWR) 286–7 factors of production 237–8 Kantianism 399 quantitative methods 607 convergence, regional 114 nomothetic 502 sequence analysis 676 equilibrium 209 Pax Americana 524 significance test 682 location theory 426 positivism 559 software for quantitative rent 644 space 708 analysis 704 failed state 486 spatial science 715 export processing zone fair trade 238 exchange 227–8, 312 (EPZ) 234 co-operative 115 exchange value 649 fiscal migration 256 food 259 exclave 191, 228 free port 263 Faleiro, Francesco 230 exclusion extensive research 234 fallibilism 577 human geography 351 intensive research 389 false consciousness 366, 367 Panopticon 517, 518 longitudinal data analysis falsification 238–9 exclusivity 746 (LDA) 431 critical rationalism 124

983 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 984 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX falsification (cont’d) subsidiarity 731 West, the 809 deduction 149 feedback 243 feminist geographies 244–8, 248 logical positivism 430 complexity theory 105 activism 5 positivism 558 cybernetics 138 anarchism 28 family system 740 androcentricity 28 heteronormativity 330 Feigl, Herbert 430 body 51 nuptuality 506 Feld, S. 676 critical geopolitics 122 post-development 562 Fels, J. 439 cultural geography 131 family reconstitution 239, 331 feminism 243–4 diffusion 161 famine 239–40 AIDS 22 domestic labour 170 desertification 155 Anglocentrism 29 emotional geography 189 environmental hazard 198 art 36 entrepreneurship 195 food 259 body 50, 51 ethics 212, 213 Fourth World 263 conflict 106 ethnicity 217 Green Revolution 319 critical geopolitics 122 Eurocentrism 221 hunger 360 critical human geography 123 everyday life 224 Malthusian model 434 cyborg 140 feminism 244 Postan thesis 560 domestic labour 170 fieldwork 251 Fanon, Frantz domesticity 171–2 gender 268 colonialism 94, 96, 97 ecofeminism 174 gender and development 270 decolonization 146 economic geography 180 geographical imagination 284 development 155–6 epistemology 206, 207 geography 295 race 616 equality 208 home 341 racialization 617 ethics 212, 213 homophobia and racism 618 feminist geographies 244 heterosexism 344 travelling theory 775 flows 257 human geography 351 Farinelli, F. 30 Geographic Information humanism 356 Farish, M. 464 Science (GISc) 279 humanistic geography 358 farming 240–2 household 346 masculinism 448 agricultural geography 17, 18 human agency 348 methodology 458 agro-food system 20 hybridity 362 nationalism 488 biosecurity 49 identity 365 ontology 512 commodity chain/filiere 101 ideology 367 place 540 co-operative 115 International Relations political ecology 545 dry farming 173 (IR) 391 political geography 550 Green Revolution 317–19 liberalism 417 population geography 554 peasant 524 local–global relations 424 positionality 556 plantation 542 migrancy 461 post-structuralism 573 rural planning 660 minor theory 467 power 576 shifting cultivation 681–2 non-representational private and public spheres 584 World Trade Organization theory 503 public space 602 (WTO) 813 objectivity 507 qualitative methods 603 fascism 242–3 Other/Otherness 515 queer theory 613 camp 57 patriarchy 522 radical geography 619–20 critical theory 125, 127 phallocentrism 527 reductionism 627 genocide 272 political economy 548 relevance 642 Geopolitik 302 political geography 554 resistance 647 holocaust 337 positionality 556 settler society 679 homeland 342 positivism 559 social geography 693 liberalism 417 post-structuralism 573 society 703 location theory 426 private and public spheres 584 state 723 market 442 realism 623 subject/subjectivity 728 postmodernity 569 recognition 623 third space 754 Fatherland 342 rural geography 659 topography 762 Fay, B. 123 sex 679 trade 766 Febvre, Lucien situated knowledge 684 violence 799 Annales School 29 social reproduction 697 West, the 809 possibilism 560 social theory 699 Ferguson, Adam 314 fecundity 243 space 709 Ferguson, James family reconstitution 239 spatial identity 713 ethnography 218 historical demography 331 third space 754 post-development 563 federalism 243 travel writing 774 Ferguson, Niall devolution 156 urban geography 785 counterfactuals 119 regime theory 630 welfare geography 807 empire 189

984 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 985 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX fertility 249 Firey, Walter 685 nation-state 490 cohort 92 First International Conference of network society 498 demographic transition 152–3 American states 412 trade 765 demography 153 First Intifada 394 transport geography 773 family reconstitution 239 First Law of Geography 559 f.o.b. (free on board) 579 fecundity 243 First Nation focus group 258 historical demography 331 forestry 261 fieldwork 251 mortality 481 Fourth World 263 qualitative methods 605 nuptuality 506 first nature 493 questionnaire 613 population geography 553 First Philosophy 491 rhetoric 655 population projection 555 First World Folch-Serra, M. 84 population pyramid 556 Cold War 93 food 258–60 fetishism 683–4 Green Revolution 319 agribusiness 16–17 feudalism 249–50 narco-capitalism 486 agro-food system 20–1 Brenner thesis 55–6 NIDL 500 consumption 109 capitalism 61, 62 North-South 506 famine 239–40 ecological imperialism 175 South, the 705 farming 241 frontier 264 urban geography 786 Green Revolution 317–19 governmentality 314 First World War hunger 359–61 Marxist economics 445 decolonization 145 intensive agriculture 389 mode of production 468 International Relations Malthusian model 433 peasant 524 (IR) 391 place names 542 plantation 543 Middle East, idea of 460 Postan thesis 560 primitive accumulation 580 military geography 465 regime 21 Sjoberg model 685 modernism 469 rural planning 660 slavery 687 multilateralism 482 food, geography of 17 social formation 692 population pyramid 556 Food and Agriculture time–space distanciation 760 Firstspace 776 Organization (FAO) vertical theme 798 first-wave feminism 243 domestication 171 Feyerabend, Paul 65 fiscal crisis 255 hunger 359 Feyrer, James 387 redistribution 626 Foord, J. 246, 268 field system 250–1 restructuring 652 footloose industry 119, 260 field trials 668 fiscal migration 255–6 Forbes, Stephen 176 fieldwork 251–2 fiscal crisis 255 Ford, Henry 260 Berkeley School 45 Tiebout model 755 Ford, R.T. 414 Darwinism 143 Fisher, Peter 278 Ford Foundation 318 geography 292 Fisher, R.A. 142 Fordism 260–61 geography, history of 298 fisheries management 107–8 agricultural geography 17 land-use survey 411 Flanders 331 crisis 121 regional geography 634 flaneur/flanerie 256, 597 division of labour 169 vision and visuality 801–2 flat ontology 666 economic geography 179 film 252–4 Flaubert, Gustave 621 economic growth 182 art 36 Fleure, Harold J. flexible accumulation 256, 257 children 81 Darwinism 142 global cities/world cities 304 consumption 109 environmental history 199 industrial geography 377 cultural geography 131 Lamarck(ian)ism 408 leisure 417 culture 135 possibilism 560 nation 487 Fordism 260–1 flexible accumulation 256–7 nation-state 489 geography 289 division of labour 169 political economy 548 human geography 353 external economies 235 post-Fordism 564 image 369 industrial geography 377 postmodernity 569 imaginative geographies 370 just-in-time production 398 regime of accumulation 630 literature 421 post-Fordism 564 regulation theory 640 modernity 472 postmodernity 569 tariff 741 vision and visuality 801 regulation theory 640 Taylorism 742 filtering 254 time–space compression 757 time–space convergence 759 invasion and succession 395 flow resources 490, 491 forecast 261 sectoral model 671 flows 257–8 prediction 579 finance. See money and finance clusters 91 spacetime forecasting finance capital 442 commodity chain/filiere 101 models 711 financial exclusion 254–5, 477 cyberspace 139 foreign direct investment (FDI) financial markets 183 gravity model 316 investment 395 Fincher, R. 125 linkages 419 transnational corporations Fine, B. 21 nation 487 (TNCs) 771

985 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 986 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX foreland 331 surveillance 733 French School Forer, P. 758 sustainability 738 possibilism 560 forestry 108, 261 territoriality 745 probabilism 585 Formula 1 376 war 804 frequency distribution 682 Fortes, Meyer 265 foundationalism 261–2 Freud, Sigmund forward linkages 419 Grand Theory 316 critical theory 125 Fotheringham, A. Stewart hermeneutics 329 deconstruction 147 geographically weighted local knowledge 423 identity 365 regression (GWR) 286–7 philosophy 530 Marxism 445 intervening opportunities 393 post-structuralism 572 Other/Otherness 515 quantitative methods 611 pragmatism 578 psychoanalytic theory 595–7 Foucauldianism 802 Foundations of economic analysis subject/subjectivity 729 Foucault, Michel (Samuelson) 495 Frey, A. 633 actor-network theory (ANT) 6 Fourth World 262–3 friction of distance 264 bare life (‘naked life’) 41 fractal 263, 271 accessibility 3 biopolitics, biopower 48 France Alonso model 23 body 50, 51 Africa, idea of 9, 11 geography 294 boundary 55 agrarian question 14 human geography 351 carceral geographies 64 historical demography 331 population potential 554 cartography, history of 70 historical geography 332 quantitative methods 608 contextuality 112 industrial district 376 search behaviour 670 critical geopolitics 121 post-industrial society 565 time–space convergence 758 critical theory 126 Francisco de Barros e Sousa, Friedland, W. 101 culture 137 Manuel 67 Friedman, Milton disciplinary power 165–6 Franco-Prussian War (1870–1) capitalism 60, 63 discourse analysis 168 military geography 465 market 443 episteme 206 multilateralism 482 neo-liberalism 497 epistemology 206 Frank, Andre Gunder. See political economy 548 ethnomethodology 220 Gunder Frank, Andre World Social Forum flows 257 Frank, Phillip 430 (WSF) 812 genealogy 270 Frankfurt School Friedman, Susan Stanford 713 geographical imagination 283 critical theory 125 Friedman, Thomas 308–9, 310 geography 290 hegemony 327 Friedmann, H. governable space 312 Marxism 444 agro-food system 21 governmentality 314–15 postmodernity 569 intensive agriculture 389 health and health care 326 social theory 698 Friedmann, John heterotopia 330 Fraser, A. 589 global cities/world cities 304, historical geography 334 Fraser, N. 305 historicism 336 private and public spheres 584 urbanization 792, 793 ideology 367 recognition 623 friends-and-neighbours labour market 405 Frazier, E.F. 79 effect 264 landscape 410 free markets frontier 264–5 literature 420 development 155 agrarian question 14 Marxism 445 economic integration 182 colonialism 97 Orientalism 514 economy 184 heartland 326 Panopticon 517–18 equilibrium 209 kibbutz 401 philosophy 530, 531 free port 263–4 war 804 political geography 551 free trade frontier thesis 265 population geography 553 comparative advantage 105 frontier 264 post-development 563 farming 241 Lamarck(ian)ism 408 power 576 neo-liberalism 498 sequent occupance 677 prisons 583 tariff 741 FTA. See free trade area production of space 592 terms of trade 743 Fuller, D. 6 representation 645 World Social Forum functional region. See nodal resistance 647 (WSF) 812 region science/science studies 667 World Trade Organization functionalism 265–6 security 673 (WTO) 813 base and superstructure 42 sex 679 free trade area (FTA) 264 culture 135 social theory 699 Freeman, C. 424 feminist geographies 247 sovereign power 705, 706 French Physiocrats 406 ideology 367 space 709 French Revolution media 450 spatiality 717 cosmopolitanism 117 modernism 470 subaltern studies 727 health and health care 326 patriarchy 522 subject/subjectivity 729, 730 Malthusian model 433 Sjoberg model 686

986 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 987 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

social movements 695 urban geography 787 flaneur/flanerie 256 structural functionalism 725 urbanization 792–3 focus group 258 system 740 Gaza Strip Fordism 261 time–space distanciation 759 intifada 394 Fourth World 263 Funtowicz, Silvio 570 Middle East, idea of 460 genocide 272 Furnivall, J.S. 543 prisons 583 gentrification 274 Fuss, D. 210 GB Profiles 277 geography, history of 297 fuzzy sets/fuzzy logic 266 GDP. See gross domestic product health and health care 325 classification and Geary, C. 711–12 home 342 regionalization 90 Geddes, Patrick homo sacer 344 clusters 92 conurbation 114 household 346 Geographic Information cultural geography 130, 131 identity 365 Systems (GIS) 280 global cities/world cities 304 ideology 367 neural networks 499 Lamarck(ian)ism 408 imperialism 374 megalopolis 453 industrial revolution 379 G8 32 possibilism 560 inequality, spatial 381 Gadamer, Hans-Georg 329 urban and regional institutional economics 385 Gaines, T. 786 planning 782 interviews and Galbraith, John Kenneth 385 Geertz, Clifford interviewing 393 Galilei, Galileo agricultural involution 19 labour geography 404 chorology/chorography 83 historicism 336 labour market 405 cosmography 117 local knowledge 422 leisure 416 hypothesis 362 relativism 641 locality 425 science/science studies 666 text 750 minor theory 467 scientific revolution(s) 669 thick description 753 money and finance 477 Galileo system 307 GEM. See geographical Orientalism 514 Gall-Peters projection 438–9 explanation machine Other/Otherness 515 Galton, Francis 616 Gemeinschaft patriarchy 522 Galtung, Johann 798 rural–urban continuum 660 performativity 526–7 GAM. See geographical analysis society 702 phallocentrism 527 machine gender 268–9 political ecology 545, 547 Gamble, C. 233 accessibility 3 political economy 548 game theory 267 ageing 13 political geography 550 agent-based modelling 13 AIDS 22 population geography 553 decision-making 144 body 51 post-industrial city 565 prisoner’s dilemma 582 Boserup thesis 55 poverty 574 public choice theory 598 children 81 power-geometry 576 rational choice theory 621 class 88 private and public spheres 584 Gandhi, Indira 727 colonialism 95 psychoanalytic theory 597 Gandhi, Mohandas contextual effect 110 public space 602 anti-development 31 critical geopolitics 122 quantitative methods 609 post-development 562 cultural geography 131 queer theory 612, 613 Gandy, M. cultural turn 134 recognition 623 indistinction, zone of 375 cyberspace 139 retailing 654 urbanization 793 cycle of poverty 141 rights 657 Gans, H.J. 791 diaspora 159 sex 679 garden city 267 difference 159, 160 slavery 687 green belt 317 diffusion 161 social construction 691 neighbourhood unit 495 disability 165 social geography 693 new town 501 division of labour 170 social justice 694 urban and regional domestic labour 170 social reproduction 697 planning 782 domesticity 172 society 702 Garfinkel, Harold domination 172 sovereign power 705 actor-network theory (ANT) 6 egalitarianism 187 sport(s) 718 ethnomethodology 219 empire 190 subaltern studies 728 Garnham, N. 450 entrepreneurship 195 subject/subjectivity 728 Garreau, J. 186 environmental justice 201 suburb/anization 732 Garrison, William L. equality 208 topography 762 location theory 426–7 ethnicity 217 travel writing 774 quantitative methods 607 famine 240 trust 778 quantitative revolution 611 farming 241 underclass 779 gated communities 267–8 fascism 242 universalism 782 privatization 585 feminism 243–4 urban geography 785 suburb/anization 732 feminist geographies 244–8 whiteness 810

987 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 988 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX gender (cont’d) rent gap 645 digital cartography 162 wilderness 811 sexuality 680 digitizing 163 world-systems analysis 813 skid row 686 empire 190 Gender, Place and Culture squatting 719 fractal 263 (journal) 245 topography 762 geocoding 275 gender and development 269–70, urban geography 785 geocomputation 276 545 urban renewal 790 Geographic Information genealogy 270–1 vision and visuality 801 Science (GISc) 277–9 discourse analysis 168 visual methods 802 geography 290 episteme 206 geo-body 70, 274–5 geography, history of 299 family reconstitution 239 GeoBUGS 703 geo-informatics 299 geography, history of 296, 299 geocoding 275 human geography 352–3 historicism 336 census 74 instrumentalism 387 phenomenology 529 digitizing 163 interoperability 392 post-structuralism 572 Geographic Information land-use survey 411 situated knowledge 684 Systems (GIS) 280 map 434 General Agreement on Tariffs geographical analysis machine medical geography 451 and Trade (GATT) (GAM) 281 methodology 458 tariff 741 geo-informatics 299 model 469 World Trade Organization Global Positioning Systems morphology 480 (WTO) 813 (GPS) 307 neo-geography 496 General Geography 83 point pattern analysis 543 physical geography 535, 537 general linear model (GLM) 271 geocomputation 275–6 point pattern analysis 544 collinearity 94 cellular automata 74 policing 545 correlation 116 data mining 143 positivism 559 endogeneity 192 e-social science 210 public policy, geography human geography 352 geographical analysis machine and 600 measurement 450 (GAM) 281 quadtree 603 quantitative methods 608 geo-informatics 299 qualitative methods 603, 604 regression 640 microsimulation 459 quantitative methods 608 general systems theory point pattern analysis 544 raster 620 (GST) 271 spatial analysis 711 relational database 641 ecosystem 186 GEODA 703 situated knowledge 684 physical geography 535, 536 geodemographics 276–7 space syntax 710 system 740 classification and spatial analysis 711 genetic algorithm 271–2 regionalization 90 spatial science 715 genetic geographies 272 data mining 143 surveillance 734 biodiversity 46 demography 153 time-geography 756 human genome 349–50 geocomputation 276 topology 762 genius loci 131, 272 population geography 553 urban and regional genocide 272–3 quantitative methods 611 planning 782 ethnic cleansing 213 geo-economics 311 urban geography 787 ethnicity 215 Geoffroy St-Hilaire, Isidore 407 vector data 798 Europe, idea of 223 Geographic Information Science virtual geographies 799 fascism 242–3 (GISc) 277–9 vision and visuality 801 holocaust 337 cartography 67 visualization 803 occupation, military 509 Geographic Information geographical analysis machine terrorism 747 Systems (GIS) 280 (GAM) 281 urbicide 794 geo-informatics 299 data mining 143 genre de vie 130, 273 historical geography 333 geocomputation 275 gentrification 273–4 population geography 553 geographical explanation Alonso model 24 region 631 machine (GEM) 281–2 back-to-the-city movement 41 Geographic Information Systems point pattern analysis 544 centrifugal and centripetal (GIS) 279–81 quantitative methods 610 forces 78 accessibility 3 Geographical Association children 81 analogue 26 education 187 city 86 cadastral mapping 57 geographical societies 286 homelessness 343 cartography 67 geographical explanation housing studies 347 cellular automata 74 machine (GEM) 281–2 inner city 384 colonialism 96 data mining 143 neighbourhood 494 complexity theory 105 point pattern analysis 544 post-industrial city 565 crime 120 quantitative methods 610 postmodernism 567–8 deliberative mapping 150 geographical imaginary 282 prostitution 594 demography 153 contrapuntal geographies 113

988 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 989 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

geographical imagination 284 ecumene 186 verticality, politics of 798 geography 291 empire 190 war 805 globalization 311 Enlightenment 194 Geopolitik 302 metageography 456 epistemology 207 fascism 242 oil 511 Eurocentrism 221 holocaust 337 policing 545 exploration 230 Lebensraum 416 process 586 geography 287, 289 political geography 549 regional geography 633 historicism 336 George, Henry 61 terrorism 748 human geography 350 geostrategic realms 302–3 geographical imagination 282–5 imperialism 373 Gereffi, Gary 101 Austral(as)ia, idea of 39 Lamarck(ian)ism 408 German location school geography 295 local knowledge 423 location theory 426 home 341 military geography 465 locational analysis 428 region 631 philosophy 530 Germany. See also Nazism socialism 701 place 539 agrarian question 14 spatiality 717 relativism 641 development 155 topography 762 science/science studies 666, Europe, idea of 223 geographical 667 heartland 326, 327 phenomenology 529 scientific revolution(s) 669 historical geography 332 geographical societies 285–6 travel writing 774 political geography 549 education 187 war 804 regional geography 635 geography 290 geography, philosophy of 531 Ge´roˆme, Jean-Le´on 232 geography, history of 296 Geography Markup Language gerontological geography 13 macrogeography 433 (GML) 392 Gerry, Elbridge 303 geographically weighted geo-informatics 299–300 gerrymandering 303 regression (GWR) 286–7 geomorphology boundary 55 e-social science 210 bioregionalism 49 electoral geography 188 general linear model historical geography 333 modifiable areal unit problem (GLM) 271 geopiety 300 (maup) 476 local statistics 424 geopolitics 300–2 racial districting 617 multi-level models 483 America(s) (idea of) 24 redistricting 626 point pattern analysis 544 anthropogeography 30 Gerschenkron, Alexander quadrat analysis 603 balkanization 41 growth theory 321 quantitative methods 610 biopolitics, biopower 48 stages of growth 721 regression 640 biosecurity 49 Gertler, Meric software for quantitative cartography 68 flexible accumulation 257 analysis 704 Cold War 93 institutional economics 386 geography 287–95 colonialism 94 Gesellschaft continents 112 conflict 106 rural–urban continuum 660 Enlightenment 194 continents 112 society 702 epistemology 207 critical geopolitics 121–3 Gesler, W.M. 451, 453 ethics 212 development 155 ghetto 303–4 Eurocentrism 221 domination 172 blockbusting 50 humanities 358–9 domino theory 173 Chicago School 79 idiographic 368 exception, space of 226 ethnicity 216 Kantianism 399 feminist geographies 248 holocaust 338 militarism 464 food 259 migration 463 military geography 465 frontier 264 segregation 673, 674 philosophy 530 geography 291 slum 688 realism 623 Geopolitik 302 zone of dependence 816 science/science studies 666–7 geostrategic realms 302 Gibbs, Lois 201 scientific globalization 310 Gibson, Kathy 245 instrumentation 668–9 human geography 350 Gibson, William 139 situated knowledge 684 just war 397 Gibson-Graham, J.-K. society 703 Middle East, idea of 460 base and superstructure 43 Geography, Department of militarism 464 feminist geographies 245, 247 (University of Washington) NIDL 500 Marxist geography 447 quantitative methods 607 nomos 502 time–space compression 757 quantitative revolution 611 occupation, military 508 Giddens, Anthony geography, history of 295–9 oil 510 contextuality 111 cartography, history of 69 Pax Americana 523 geographical imagination 283 colonialism 96 political geography 550 globalization 310 cosmography 117 post-development 563 lifeworld 418 cosmopolitanism 118 post-Marxism 566 locale 424

989 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 990 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

Giddens, Anthony (cont’d) water 807 resistance 647 risk society 658 Global Witness 107 restructuring 651 social theory 698, 699 globalization 308–11 risk society 658 society 701, 702 aboriginality 1–2 rural geography 659 structuration theory 725–7 agrarian question 15 sense of place 676 time–space agricultural geography 17 services 678 distanciation 759–60 AIDS 22 sexuality 680 gift economy 228 American empire 26 slavery 687 Gigerenzer, G. 664 anarchism 28 sovereignty 706–7 Gilroy, Paul anti-globalization 31–2 state 723 contrapuntal geographies 114 apartheid 33 structuration theory 727 diaspora 159 borderlands 53 subject/subjectivity 730 race 615 children 81 sunk costs 733 GIMMS 281 citizenship 84–5 territorialization 745 Gine´s de Sepu´lveda, Juan 615 civil society 87 territory 746 Gintis, Herbert 445 civilization 87 time 755 GIS. See Geographic Information commodity chain/filiere 101 time–space distanciation 760 Systems consumption 109 time–space expansion 761 GISc. See Geographic contrapuntal geographies 113 trade 764 Information Science core–periphery model 116 transfer pricing 769 Glacken, Clarence cosmopolitanism 117 transnational corporations environmental democracy 151 (TNCs) 772 determinism 197 diaspora 159 transnationalism 772 environmental history 199 economic geography 180–1 travel writing 775 environmentalism 204–5 economic integration 182 urban geography 786 geography, history of 297 empire 190 war 805 Glasmeier, Amy 386 ethnography 218 West, the 809 glasnost 651 Eurocentrism 221 World Social Forum Glass, Ruth 274 feminist geographies 245 (WSF) 812 glass ceiling 55 film 253 World Trade Organization Glasson, J. 201 flows 257 (WTO) 813 GLM. See general linear model food 259 Globalization and World Cities global cities/world cities 304–6 free trade area (FTA) 264 (GaWC) 306 Chinatown 82 geography 291 globe 311–12, 664 city 86 geopolitics 302 Globe Theatre 421 gentrification 274 globalization 311 glocalization 22, 312 labour market 405 globe 311 GM crops 50 population geography 553 glocalization 312 GNP. See gross national product producer services 587 industrial district 376 God urban geography 785 industrial geography 378 anti-humanism 33 urbanization 793 industrialization 380 religion 643 Global Commission on integration 388 secularism 671 International Migration 462 labour geography 404 Go¨del, Kurt 430 global commons 306–7 labour market 405 Godelier, Maurice 468 property 594 local–global relations 424–5 Godwin, William 433 regime theory 630 locality 425 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang Global Navigation Satellite localization 425 global cities/world cities 304 System (GLONASS) 307 location theory 428 morphology 480 global pandemic 517 memory 454 Goffman, Erving Global Positioning Systems mobility 467 ethnomethodology 219 (GPS) 307–8 modernity 471, 472 performance 525 digital cartography 162 nation-state 490 Goin, P. 801 geo-informatics 299 neo-liberalism 497–8 Gold, J. 797 neo-geography 496 network society 498 Gold Standard 183 global warming 308 NIDL 501 Goldberg, R. 16 climate 90 North-South 506 Goldblatt, D. 310 cost-benefit analysis 118 outsourcing 516 Goldman, Emma 28 energy 193 Pax Americana 523, 524 Golledge, R. environmental economics 198 place 540–1 behavioural geography 45 geography 293 population geography 554 process 586 global commons 306 poverty 574 Good Governance 151 multilateralism 482 regional geography 635 Goodchild, Michael oceans 509 regional policy 638 Geographic Information pollution 551 regionalism 639 Science (GISc) 278

990 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 991 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

Geographic Information disciplinary power 165 Middle East, idea of 460 Systems (GIS) 281 genealogy 270 settlement continuity 678–9 Goode’s projection 435 geo-body 274 slum 688 Goodman, David governable space 312 Great Chain of Being 615 agricultural geography 19 human geography 351 Great Depression agro-food system 21 ideology 367, 368 neo-liberalism 497 farming 241 liberalism 417 NIDL 500 substitutionism 731 nation-state 489 political economy 548 Goodman, M. 259 policing 545 restructuring 652 Google Book Search 392 political ecology 547 suburb/anization 732 Google Maps 496 political economy 548 tariff 741 Gorbachev, Mikhail 103 post-development 563 Great Map of Mankind 194 Gore, Charles 361 post-structuralism 572 Great Society 60 Gottmann, Jean regional policy 637 Great Transformation 184 iconography 363 subaltern studies 728 Greece megalopolis 453 territoriality 745 race 615 Go¨tz, W. time–space distanciation 760 regional policy 637 commercial geography 98–9 war 804 religion 642 economic geography 178 Gowan, Peter 183 green belt 317, 501 Gould, Peter GPS. See Global Positioning green consumerism 739 behavioural geography 44 Systems Green Line 317 game theory 267 Grabher, Gernot 386 Green Party 202 mental maps/cognitive Graff, G. 751 Green political parties 149 maps 455 Graham, Julie 245 Green Revolution 317–19 qualitative methods 609 Graham, S. development 156 quantitative revolution 612 imaginative geographies 370 farming 241 Gould, Stephen J. 617 surveillance 734 poverty 574 Gouldner, A. 444 verticality, politics of 798 primitive accumulation 581 Gourou, Pierre 777 Gramsci, Antonio Greenhough, B. 50 governable space 312 capitalism 63 greenhouse effect. See global governance 312–13 civil society 87 warming border 52 domination 172 Greenwich Mean Time city 86 hegemony 327 (GMT) 755 community 104 ideology 367 Gregersen, B. 401 film 252 power 576 Gregory, Derek gated communities 268 social construction 690 American empire 26 liberalism 417 state 723 Cartesianism 65–6 local state 423 subaltern studies 727, 728 cartographic reason 66 multiculturalism 481 Grand Theory 315–16 colonialism 96 nation-state 489 hermeneutics 329 diffusion 161 Pax Americana 523 human geography 352 empire 190 political geography 551 local knowledge 423 epistemology 207 private interest developments Grano, J.G. 485 Eurocentrism 221, 222 (pids) 584 graph theory 316 geographical privatization 585 quantitative revolution 612 imagination 284 redistribution 626 remote sensing (RS) 644 geopolitics 302 regime theory 630 social network 696 Grand Theory 315 regional policy 637 spatial analysis 711 imaginative geographies 370, regionalism 639 system 739 371 regulation theory 640–1 grassroots globalization 31–2 indistinction, zone of 375 rural geography 659 gravity model 316–17 instrumentalism 387 rural planning 660 agent-based modelling 13 Other/Otherness 515 secularism 671 catastrophe theory 73 production of space 590–2 shadow state 681 distance decay 169 settler society 679 stages of growth 721 entropy-maximizing situated knowledge 684 state 723–4 models 196 social theory 699 subsidiarity 731 macrogeography 433 spatial science 715 urban and regional migration 462 structuralism 725 planning 782, 783 population potential 555 thick description 753 governmentality 314–15 quantitative methods 608 third space 754 bare life (‘naked life’) 41 quantitative revolution 611 time–space expansion 761 biopolitics, biopower 48 Great Britain vision and visuality 801 border 52 Austral(as)ia, idea of 39 Gregory, S. 608 culture 137 economy 184 Gregson, N. 268, 294

991 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 992 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

Greimas, Algirdas 6 Gulf War (1990–1) ecosystem 186 Griffin, K. 318 Middle East, idea of 460 geocomputation 275 Grigg, D. multilateralism 482 Grand Theory 315, 316 region 631–2 virtual geographies 800 location theory 427 regional geography 633 Gunder Frank, Andre´ locational analysis 428 gross domestic product core–periphery model 116 model 468 (GDP) 319–20 dependency theory 154 quantitative methods 610 agricultural geography 17 NIDL 500 quantitative revolution 611 economic growth 181 underdevelopment 780 regional geography 633 gross national product Gupta, A. 218 trend surface analysis 775 (GNP) 319 Guthman, J. 259 Hahn, Eduard 45 quality of life 606 Guyot, Arnold 532 Hajnal, J. 332 trade 765 GWR. See geographically Halbwach, Maurice gross national product weighted regression memory 454 (GNP) 320 gynesis 527 morphology 480 domestic labour 171 Haldane, J.B.S. 142 economy 185 Habermas, Ju¨rgen Haldrup, M. 515 gross domestic product abstraction 2 Hall, E. 190 (GDP) 320 Cartesianism 65, 66 Hall, Sir Peter quality of life 606 critical theory 125–7 free port 263 Grossman, Henryk 446 geography 290 global cities/world cities 304 Grosz, E. hermeneutics 329 urban and regional body 51 Kantianism 400 planning 782, 783 gender 269 lifeworld 418 Hall, Stuart recognition 623 modernity 474 culture 138 grounded theory objectivity 507 identity 366 case study 72 private and public mode of production 468 theory 751 spheres 583–4 Halley, Edmund 668 Group of 77 506 public space 602 Hamnett, C. 786 Grove, Richard social theory 699 Hannah, M. Africa, idea of 10 structural functionalism 725 structuration theory 727 environmental theory 752 terrorism 748 history 199–200 habitus 323 Hansen, Thomas Blom 799 growth taken-for-granted world 741 Hanson, Susan economic growth 182 time–space compression 757 everyday life 224 limits to growth 418–19 Hacking, Ian 617 relevance 642 Pareto optimality 519 Hackworth, J. 630 Haraway, Donna regime theory 630 Haeckel, Ernst 176 cyborg 140 stages of growth 720–1 Hage, Ghassan ecofeminism 174 growth coalitions 320 multiculturalism 481 economic geography 180 growth pole 320–1 whiteness 810 ethics 213 external economies 234 Ha¨gerstrand, Torsten gender 268 science park 668 cellular automata 74 local knowledge 422 growth theory 321–2 contextual effect 110 objectivity 507 Guanta´namo Bay, Cuba contextuality 111 participant observation 520 exception, space of 226 diffusion 160–2 race 617 prisons 583 disease, diffusion of 168 science/science studies 667 Guattari, Fe´lix everyday life 224 situated knowledge 683–4 assemblage 38 geography 292 Hardiman, David 727 flows 257 historical geography 333 Hardin, Garrett Marxism 445 innovation 384 global commons 307 minor theory 466 Kantianism 399 tragedy of the nomadology 502 mean information field commons 766–7 process 587 (m.i.f.) 449 Harding, Sandra 667 rhizome 655 quantitative revolution 611 Hardt, Michael spatiality 717 rhythmanalysis 656 empire 190 territorialization 745 simulation 683 regional geography 635 Guba, E. 458, 459 social space 697 socialism 700 Guelke, Leonard spatiality 716 World Social Forum idealism 363–4 time 755 (WSF) 812 logical positivism 430 time-geography 756 Hardy, Thomas 420 guerilla war 670 Haggett, Peter Harg, Ian 280 Guha, Ramachandra 199–200 demographic transition 152 Harley, Brian Guha, Ranajit 727 diffusion 160, 161 cartography, history of 70, 71

992 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 993 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

map reading 439 logical positivism 430 hazard 323–5 Harley, J.B. market 442 cadastral mapping 57 cartography 68 Marxism 444, 445 children 80 map 434 Marxist economics 446 environmental hazard 198 Harre´, Rom 655 Marxist geography 446, 447 geography 293 Harris, Chauncey metaphor 456 pollution 551 multiple nuclei model 484 model 469 risk 658 urban geography 784 modernism 470 security 673 Harris, Laurence 651 modernity 473 Head Count Index 574 Harrison, B. 182 money and finance 476 health and health care 325–6 Harrison, C. 198 monuments 478 AIDS 22 Harriss-White, Barbara 381 philosophy 531 collective consumption 94 Hart, Gillian political geography 550 decision-making 145 capitalism 62 postmodernity 569 disability 165 development 156 power 575 epidemiology 206 globalization 311 power-geometry 576 evidence-based policy 225 glocalization 312 process 586, 587 fecundity 243 local–global relations 424 production of space 592 Geographic Information Hart, J.F. 634 property 594 Systems (GIS) 280 Hart, Keith 381 public policy, geography medical geography 451–3 Hart, Roger 80 and 600 pandemic 517 Hartshorne, Richard quantitative revolution 611, policing 544 areal differentiation 35 612 public services 601 chorology/chorography 83 radical geography 619 recreation 624 economic geography 179, 180 reconstruction 624 sexuality 680 exceptionalism 226, 227 redistribution 625 Third World 754 functionalism 266 relevance 642 health geography geography 288, 290, 291 rent 644 mortality 481 geography, history of 298 social geography 692 qualitative methods 603 Kantianism 399 social justice 694 social geography 693 landscape 409 socialism 701 heartland 326–7 logical positivism 430 space 708 imperialism 373 space 707–8 space-economy 710 political geography 549 spatial science 715 structuralism 725 Heasman, M. 21 time 755 theory 752 Hecataeus of Miletus Harvey, David time–space compression 757, areal differentiation 35 base and superstructure 43 758 chorology/chorography 82 capitalism 62, 63 time–space expansion 760 Heckscher-Ohlin model 588 city 86 uneven development 781 Hegel, G.W.F. creative destruction 119 urban geography 785 creative destruction 119 crisis 121 utopia 795–6 deconstruction 147 dialectic(s) 157, 158 values 797 dialectic(s) 157 difference 159 vision and visuality 801 governmentality 314 economic geography 179, 181 Haughton, Samuel 90 historicism 336 economic integration 183 Haushofer, Karl Marxism 444 ethics 212 geopolitics 301 Other/Otherness 515 explanation 230 Geopolitik 302 phenomenology 528 flexible accumulation 256–7 political geography 549 production of space 592 functionalism 266 Haussmannization 790 teleology 742 geographical imagination Havel, Vaclav 441 trialectics 776 283–5 Hawley, J.C. 783 Hegelianism 10 geography 294, 295 Hay, A.M. 586, 587 hegemony 327 globalization 310 Hayden, D. 454 American empire 26 Grand Theory 315, 316 Hayek, Friedrich von Anglocentrism 28 historical materialism 336 capitalism 60, 63 cartography 68 human geography 353 market 441–3 Chinatown 82 imperialism 373 methodological civil society 87 integration 388 individualism 457 cultural geography 131 internal relations 390 neo-liberalism 497 culture 137 Kantianism 400–1 political economy 548 decolonization 147 labour theory of value 407 post-socialism 571 domination 172 limits to growth 419 World Social Forum economic geography 181 location theory 427 (WSF) 812 epistemology 206 logical empiricism 430 Hays-Mitchell, M. 799 Eurocentrism 221

993 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 994 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX hegemony (cont’d) memory 454 economic integration 182 geography 290 preservation 579 globalization 309 globalization 311 hermeneutics 328–9 war 804 historical geography 334 Cartesianism 66 Hispanics 217 human geography 353 climate 91 historical demography 331–2 ideology 368 critical theory 125 demography 153 kibbutz 401 epistemology 207 family reconstitution 239 language 412 geography 293 historical geography 333 Latin America 414 geography, history of 296 place names 541 liberalism 417 historical geography 334 historical geography 332–5 local state 423 iconography 363 Brenner thesis 56 market 443 lifeworld 418 census 75 nation-state 490 objectivity 507 civilization 87 neo-liberalism 498 qualitative methods 603 climate 91 policing 545 realism 622 counterfactuals 119 populism 556 science/science studies 667 cultural geography 130 power 576 text 750 democracy 150 primate city, the law of 580 thick description 753 enclosure 191 resistance 647 Herod, A. 404 existentialism 228 Sjoberg model 686 Herodotus 112 feminist geographies 245 slavery 687 Hesse, M.B. 456 feudalism 249 social construction 690 heteronormativity 329–30 field system 251 world-systems analysis 814 feminism 243–4 geographical imagination 283 Heidegger, Martin gender 268 geography 288, 290 anti-humanism 33 homophobia and geography, history of 297 contextuality 112 heterosexism 344 historicism 336 deconstruction 147, 148 patriarchy 522 human geography 352 environmental perception 203 performativity 527 industrial revolution 379 existentialism 228 prostitution 594 language 412 genealogy 270 sexuality 681 morphogenesis 480 geography 290 situated knowledge 683 morphology 480 hermeneutics 329 subject/subjectivity 729 process 586 landscape 410 heterosexism. See homophobia retrogressive approach 654 non-representational and heterosexism retrospective approach 654 theory 503 heterotopia 330 settlement continuity 678 phenomenology 528, 529 place 540 settler society 679 process 587 placelessness 542 time 755 production of space 592 Hetherington, K. 330 vertical theme 798 representation 645–6 Hettner, A. historical materialism 335–6 spatiality 716, 717 cultural geography 130 abstraction 2 urbicide 794 Kantianism 399 cultural geography 132 Heimat 342 space 708 dialectic(s) 157 Held, D. 310 heuristic 330–1, 682–3 Eurocentrism 221 Helgerson, R. Hickman, H. 64 geography, history of 298 cartography, history of 71 Higgins, V. 64 historical geography 334 geo-body 275 Highmore, B. 224 historicism 336 Hempel, C.G. 229 Hilferding, R. 58 human agency 347 Henry, J. 64 Hill, S. 368 human geography 352 Henry, Louis Hinduism ideology 366 family reconstitution 239 Hindutva 331 infrastructure 383 historical demography 331 religion 643 Marxism 444 Henry, N. 376 sacred and profane space 661 methodological Henry the Navigator (prince of Hindutva 331 individualism 457 Portugal) 230 hinterland 331 model 469 Herb, G.H. 68 central place theory 76, 77 Orientalism 514 Herbert, S. Hotelling model 345 postmodernism 568 community 104 nodal region 501 production of space 590 qualitative methods 605 Hippocrates 451 scale 665 Herbertson, Andrew Hirschman, Albert O. space 708 genius loci 272 exit, voice and loyalty 229 stages of growth 720 Lamarck(ian)ism 408 growth theory 321, 322 structuration theory 726 heritage 327–8 institutional economics 385 tricontinentalism 777 citizenship 84 stages of growth 721 world-systems analysis 813 historical geography 334 Hirst, P. historicism 336–7

994 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 995 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

Grand Theory 315 Homi K. Bhabha housing class 346 post-Marxism 566 third space 753 urban managers and history of geography. See time–space expansion 761 gatekeepers 788 geography, history of West, the 808 Howard, Ebenezer Hitler, Adolf homo sacer 343–4 garden city 267 fascism 242 bare life (‘naked life’) 41 urban and regional heartland 326 sovereign power 706 planning 782 holocaust 337 homonormativity 330 Howitt, R. 282 political geography 549 homophobia and Hoy, David 126 HIV/AIDS. See AIDS heterosexism 344–5 Hoyt, Homer Hobbes, Thomas abjection 1 Chicago School 79 Kantianism 401 body 51 sectoral model 671 metaphor 456 feminist geographies 247 zonal model 815 power 575 gender 269 Hubbard, P. 123 state of nature 724 heteronormativity 329 Hudson, A. 777–8 Hobson, J.A. 373 phallocentrism 527 Hudson, P. 378, 379 Hodges, William 232 queer theory 612 Hudson, Ray Hodgson, G. 386 sexuality 681 institutional economics 386 Holborn, L. 390 subject/subjectivity 729, 730 social exclusion 691 Hollywood 378 Honneth, A. 623 Huerta, Delores 201 Holmberg, S.C. 300 Hook, J.C. 426 Huguenots 628 holocaust 337–9, 339, 340 Hope, V. 64 human agency 347–8 ethnic cleansing 213 Hopkins, T. 101 actor-network theory (ANT) 7 fascism 242–3 Horkheimer, Max areal differentiation 35 genocide 272, 273 critical theory 125 Brenner thesis 56 modernity 473 ideology 367 cultural geography 132 postmodernity 569 leisure 417 ethnicity 217 race 616 modernity 473 gender 269 refugees 629 social theory 699 habitus 323 sovereign power 706 Horrabin, J.F. 700 historical geography 334 terrorism 747 Hoskins, W.G. 131 human geography 351 Holocaust and Genocide hot money 345 humanism 356 Studies 338 money and finance 477 humanistic geography 358 Holyoake, George Jacob 671 transnational corporations idealism 364 home 339–42 (TNCs) 771 performance 525 consumption 109 Hotelling, Harold 345 performativity 527 domestic labour 170 Hotelling model 345, 345, 598 phenomenology 529 domesticity 171–2 House, J.W. 600 psychoanalytic theory 596 everyday life 224 household 345–6 qualitative methods 604 household 346 demography 153 quantitative methods 609 human geography 354 electoral geography 188 realism 622 lifeworld 418 fertility 249 social geography 692 memory 453 inheritance systems 383 spatiality 716 public space 602 intensive agriculture 389 subject/subjectivity 729 radical democracy 618 modifiable areal unit problem time–space compression 757 social reproduction 697 (maup) 475 human body. See body homeland 342–3 nuptuality 506 human capital 689 diaspora 159 patriarchy 522 human ecology 348–9 exclave 228 peasant 525 adaptation 8 heartland 326 political geography 550 Africa, idea of 10 imaginative geographies 370 population geography 554 Chicago School 79 memory 455 post-industrial city 565 geography, history of 297 security 672 proto-industrialization 595 hazard 324 spatial identity 712 social reproduction 697 political ecology 545 terrorism 748 housing 601 Sjoberg model 685 homelessness 343 housing class 346 system 740 Chicago School 79 inner city 384 urban ecology 783 children 81 land tenure 408 human genome 272, 349–50 public space 602 social geography 693 human geography 350–4 skid row 686 urban managers and abstraction 2 squatting 719 gatekeepers 787–8 affect 8 homeostasis 8 housing studies 346–7 Annales School 30 Homer 774 defensible space 149–50 anthropogeography 30 Homero Villa, Rau´l42 filtering 254 anti-humanism 33

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INDEX human geography (cont’d) spatial fetishism 712 postmodernism 568 asylum 39 spatial science 715 qualitative methods 603 chronotope 84 spatial structure 715 quantitative methods 609 conflict 106 structuration theory 726 quantitative revolution 612 critical human system 740 social construction 691 geography 123–4 uneven development 780 social geography 692–3 culture 135 human rights 354–6 social space 697 Darwinism 142, 143 emigration 188 society 703 deep ecology 149 environmental justice 201 subject/subjectivity 728 democracy 150 ethics 213 taken-for-granted world 741 dialectic(s) 157, 158 Europe, idea of 222 topophilia 763 discourse 166–7 homo sacer 344 universalism 782 economic geography 178 humanism 356 values 797 emotional geography 189 modernity 471 humanities 358–9 epistemology 207, 208 multilateralism 482 epistemology 206 essentialism 210 quality of life 606–7 geography 289, 293 ethics 212 rogue state 658 geography, history of 297 ethnography 218 slavery 687 memory 454 Euclidean space 220 social well-being 700 metaphor 456 existentialism 228 transnational corporations place 539 functionalism 266 (TNCs) 772 realism 621 geographical imagination 284 human sciences 328 teleology 742 geography 292 human trafficking 687 theory 751 heritage 327 humanism 356 thick description 753 hermeneutics 329 anti-humanism 32–3 travel writing 774 historical geography 332 cartography, history of 70 Humboldt, Alexander von iconography 363 environmental ecology 176 imaginative geographies 370 determinism 197 exploration 231, 233 innovation 384 humanistic geography 357 geography 290 labour geography 404 Lamarck(ian)ism 408 geography, history of 296 literature 420 nature 493 Kantianism 399 Marxism 445 posthumanism 564–5 literature 420 material culture 448 humanistic geography 356–8 scientific instrumentation 668 media 450 art 36 space 708 memory 453 behavioural geography 44 tropicality 777 methodological body 51 Hume, David individualism 457 cultural geography 131 mimesis 466 military geography 466 environmental perception 203 positivism 558 mobility 467 epistemology 207 Humean epistemology 492 modernism 470–1 everyday life 224 Hunger Program 240 modernity 471 feminist geographies 245 hunger 359–61 money and finance 476 genius loci 272 famine 239–40 morphology 480 geographical imagination 284 food 259 nature 493 geography 293 Green Revolution 317–19 normative theory 505 geopiety 300 poverty 573 ontology 511 hermeneutics 329 Huntington, Ellsworth Orientalism 513 historical geography 334 Darwinism 143 Panopticon 518 home 341 geography, history of 296, phenomenology 528, 529 human agency 347 297 place 539 human geography 351 Lamarck(ian)ism 408 positivism 559 humanism 356 Huntington, Samuel postmodernism 568 idealism 363–4 civilization 87–8 postmodernity 569 Kantianism 400 underdevelopment 780 quantitative methods 608, 610 landscape 409 Hurricane Katrina 203 rational choice theory 639 lifeworld 418 Husserl, Edmund realism 622 literature 420 deconstruction 148 region 631 metaphor 456 everyday life 224 regional geography 632 moral geographies 479 phenomenology 528, 529 regional science 638 ontology 512 representation 645 resource management 650 phallocentrism 527 spatiality 716 scale 665 phenomenology 529 Hutchins, Robert 63 sexuality 679 philosophy 530 Hutnyk, J. 159 social construction 690 place 539 Huxley, Thomas Henry space 707 placelessness 542 Darwinism 142

996 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 997 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

physical geography 533 nomothetic 502 recognition 623 Huxtable, Ada Louise 794 von Thu¨nen model 803 resistance 647 Huyssen, A. 470 idealism 363–4 retailing 654 Hyatt, Alpheus 407 cultural geography 132 rural geography 659 hybridity 361–2 discourse 166 security 672 animals 29 environmental sexuality 680 borderlands 53 determinism 197 slavery 687 colonialism 95 human agency 347 spatial identity 712–13 consumption 109 human geography 351 subject/subjectivity 728–30 cultural landscape 133 humanistic geography 357 territoriality 745 diaspora 159 ideology 366 territorialization 745 economic geography 181 materialism 449 territory 746 feminist geographies 247 identity 364–6 third space 753 identity 366 abjection 1 transgression 770 indigenous knowledge 374 aboriginality 2 transnationalism 772 integration 388 authenticity 40 travel writing 774 limits to growth 419 body 51 urban geography 786 music 485 cartography, history of 71 urban social movement 791 nation 487 children 81 vision and visuality 801 physical geography 537 chronotope 84 West, the 808 resistance 647 citizenship 84 whiteness 810 resource 648 civilization 87 identity politics rural geography 659 colonialism 95 decolonization 146 space 710 communication(s) 102 difference 160 spatial identity 713 community 103 ethnicity 214, 217 sport(s) 718 conflict 106 hybridity 361 subject/subjectivity 730 consumption 108 Ideological State Apparatuses third space 753 cosmopolitanism 117 (ISAs) 367 transculturation 768–9 critical geopolitics 122 ideology 366–8 virus 800 critical theory 125 Cold War 93 West, the 808 cultural geography 132–3 critical theory 126 Hyndman, J. 754 cultural politics 134 culture 136, 137 hyperspace 299, 362 cyberspace 139 Eurocentrism 221 hypothesis 362 domesticity 172 fascism 242–3 case study 72 empire 189 genius loci 272 critical rationalism 124 ethnic cleansing 213 geopolitics 301 data mining 143 ethnicity 216 human agency 348 deduction 149 ethnoburb 217 humanism 356 economy 184 feminist geographies 247 market 441 empiricism 191 genealogy 270 militarism 464 factor analysis 237 genetic geographies 272 neo-classical economics 496 focus group 258 geo-body 274 objectivity 507 positivism 558 geography, history of 296 populism 556 quantitative methods 607 historical geography 334 social construction 690 science/science studies 666 home 341, 342 stages of growth 721 significance test 682 human geography 350 state 723 simulation 683 inner city 384 subject/subjectivity 729 survey analysis 734 labour geography 404 universalism 782 theory 751 local–global relations 424 idiographic 368–9 visualization 803 locality 425 case study 72 memory 454, 455 economic geography 179 IBM 771 moral landscapes 479 epistemology 207 Ibn Battuta 230 multiculturalism 481 exceptionalism 226 iconography 363 music 485 geography 288 cartography, history of 70 nation-state 490 Kantianism 400 cultural landscape 133 network society 498 nomothetic 502 culture 135 pastoralism 521 philosophy 530 monuments 478 place 540 quantitative revolution 611 visual methods 802 placelessness 542 region 631 ideal type 363 place names 542 IGU (International Geographical abstraction 2 positionality 557 Union ) 451 decision-making 144 post-structuralism 573 Illich, Ivan 31 ethnography 219 psychoanalytic theory 597 illiteracy model 468 radical democracy 619 ecological fallacy 174

997 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 998 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX illiteracy (cont’d) global cities/world cities 306 Hindutva 331 modifiable areal unit problem heteronormativity 330 Middle East, idea of 460 (maup) 475 multiculturalism 481 NIDL 501 image 369 population geography 554 partition 520, 521 digitizing 163 segregation 674 poverty 573 map 437 social geography 692 refugees 628 pixel 539 underclass 779 regional geography 633 imaginative geographies 369–71 zonal model 815 subaltern studies 727–8 art 36 Imperial Preferences 238 indigenous knowledge 374–5 border 52 imperialism 373–4 post-colonialism 561 borderlands 53 Africa, idea of 10 scientific instrumentation 669 Chinatown 82 Austral(as)ia, idea of 39 indigenous peoples 650 civilization 87 capitalism 61 indistinction, zone of 226, 375 Cold War 93 colonialism 94 individualism colonialism 95 critical geopolitics 123 communitarianism 103 contrapuntal geographies 113 culture 137 cultural economy 129 Eurocentrism 221 decolonization 145 feminism 244 exploration 233 ecological imperialism 174–5 individualism, methodological. feminist geographies 247 empire 189, 190 See methodological geographical imaginary 282 Eurocentrism 220 individualism geographical imagination 284 Europe, idea of 223 Indonesia 173 geography 291 genocide 273 induction 375 geopolitics 301 geographical societies 286 abduction 1 just war 397 geography 290 classification and Latin America 413 geography, history of 298 regionalization 90 literature 420 geopolitics 301 deduction 149 memory 453 globalization 309 factorial ecology 237 Middle East, idea of 460 Green Revolution 317 geocomputation 275 militarism 464 historical geography 334 geodemographics 277 nation 487 integration 388 industrial district 375–6 nationalism 489 Latin America 413 capital 59 Occidentalism 507 migrancy 462 clusters 92 Orientalism 513 mode of production 468 communication(s) 102 Pax Americana 523 modernism 469 external economies 235 post-development 563 Occidentalism 507 growth pole 320 primitivism 581 Orientalism 514 industrial geography 378 regional geography 633 phallocentrism 527 knowledge economy 401 security 672 place names 541 location theory 427 slum 688 political geography 549 product life cycle 588 space 709 power 576 production complex 589 terrorism 748 primitive accumulation 581 transaction costs 768 time–space compression 757 recognition 623 industrial ecology 551 travel writing 774 self-determination 676 industrial geography 376–8 tropicality 777 settler society 679 agricultural geography 17 war 804 sovereignty 706 economic growth 182 ‘imagined communities’ 488 tariff 741 flexible accumulation 257 Imago Mundi 69 transnational corporations learning regions 416 IMF. See International Monetary (TNCs) 772 linkages 419 Fund tricontinentalism 776 retailing 654 immigration 371–3 urbicide 794 transaction costs 767 assimilation 38–9 violence 799 industrial organization 378 balkanization 41 water 807 industrial revolution 378–80 camp 57 World Social Forum Agricultural Revolution 19 carceral geographies 65 (WSF) 812 city 85 chain migration 78 import substitution communism 103 Chinatown 82 dependency theory 154 consumption 109 citizenship 84 nation-state 489 farming 241 contiguous zone 112 Independent World Commission historical geography 334 demographic transition 152 on the Oceans (IWOC) 509 industrialization 380 demography 153 Index of Dissimilarity 675–6 Kondratieff waves 403 emigration 188 Index of Segregation 675–6 labour theory of value 406 ethnicity 215, 216 India modernity 471 exception, space of 226 anti-development 31 political economy 547 fascism 242 Asia (idea of) 37 pre-industrial city 579

998 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 999 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

proto-industrialization 595 Geographic Information Institute of British Geographers regional geography 634 Science (GISc) 279 (IBG) 286 Sjoberg model 685 informational city 382 institutional economics 385–6 industrialization 380 Infosys 516 institutionalism 387 Africa, idea of 11 infrastructure 382–3 location theory 427 agrarian question 15 agglomeration 14 methodological Agricultural Revolution 19 agricultural geography 17 individualism 457 agro-food system 21 cadastral mapping 57 pragmatism 578 blockbusting 50 fiscal crisis 255 space-economy 711 communitarianism 103 friction of distance 264 institutional models 111 community 104 governmentality 314 institutionalism 386–7 core–periphery model 115 growth pole 321 market 440 deindustrialization 150 neighbourhood 494 segregation 674 famine 240 network(s) 499 institutionalization (travelling farming 241 plantation 542 theory) 775 financial exclusion 254 quantitative methods 608 instrumental variables 192, flexible accumulation 257 restructuring 652 387 growth theory 321 stages of growth 720 instrumentalism 387 historical demography 332 state 723 culture 137 historical geography 335 Third World 754 ethnicity 216 household 346 urban and regional local knowledge 422 intensive agriculture 389 planning 782 relevance 642 just-in-time production 397–8 Ingold, Tim integration 387–8 modernism 469 animals 29 agrarian question 15 petro-capitalism 527 environmental agribusiness 16 post-industrial city 565 perception 203 economic integration 182–3 post-industrial society 565–6 landscape 410, 411 linkages 419 pre-industrial city 579 inheritance systems 383 restructuring 653 profit cycle 593 inner city 383–4 social geography 693 proto-industrialization 595 financial exclusion 255 intellectual property regional geography 634 gentrification 273–4 patenting 522 rustbelt 660 ghetto 303 place names 542 sense of place 676 invasion and succession 395 Intellectual Property Rights time–space distanciation 760 new town 501 (IPR) 388–9, 594 urban and regional post-industrial city 565 intensive agriculture 389 planning 782, 783 red-light districts 625 agricultural involution 19 industry zone of dependence 816 farming 241, 242 biotechnology 50 Innis, Harold A. shifting cultivation 682 critical theory 125 environmental history 199 intensive research 234, 389 factors of production 237 staples theory 722 interaction growth pole 320 innovation 384–5 cyberspace 139 labour geography 404 cellular automata 74 spatial interaction 713 inequality, spatial 380–1 clusters 92 symbolic interactionism 739 egalitarianism 187 communication(s) 102 Intercontinental Caravan 766 equality 208 creative destruction 119 Intergovernmental Panel on information theory 382 cyberspace 139 Climate Change (IPCC) Los Angeles School 432 entrepreneurship 195 climate 90 public finance 598 industrial district 376 global warming 308 redistribution 625 mode of production 468 internal relations 389–90 welfare geography 807 product life cycle 588 abstraction 2 welfare state 807 profit cycle 593 ontology 512 infant mortality 331–2 science park 668 internal sovereignty 706 inflation 500 simulation 683 internally displaced persons informal recreation 624 staples theory 722 (IDPs) 629 informal sector 156, 381–2 input-output 385 International Association of information economy 382 economic base theory 178 Geomorphologists 290 location theory 428 economies of scale 183 International Bank for post-industrial society 565 economies of scope 184 Reconstruction and information technology feedback 243 Development (IBRD) bioprospecting 48 multipliers 484 market 442 network society 498 productivity 592 reconstruction 624 information theory 382 Institut National d’E´ tudes International Conference for cartography 68 De´mographique the Exploration of the entropy 195 (INED) 331 Sea 107

999 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1000 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

International Conference on neo-liberalism 497 intifada 394–5 Population and post-socialism 571 ethnicity 215 Development privatization 585 Middle East, idea of 460 demography 153 restructuring 652 intra-corporate trade 765 fertility 249 structural adjustment 725 invasion and succession 395 International Conferences of World Trade Organization Chicago School 79 Critical Geography (WTO) 813 ecology 177 Anglocentrism 28 International Organization for filtering 254 radical geography 620 Migration 464 neighbourhood 494 International Covenant of International Relations (IR) 391 regionalism 639 Economic, Social and critical geopolitics 121, 122 sectoral model 671 Cultural Rights 359 security 672 urban ecology 783 International Covenant on Civil International Rice Research zonal model 815 and Political Rights Institute (IRRI) 317 investment 395–6 emigration 188 International Seminar on Urban fiscal migration 256 human rights 355 Form hot money 345 refugees 629 morphology 480–1 metaphor 456 International Criminal townscape 764 IPR. See Intellectual Property Court 483 International Trade Organization Rights International Criminal Tribunal (ITO) 390 IR. See International Relations for Rwanda (ICTR) 273 International Union for the Iran International Criminal Tribunal Conservation of Nature and petro-capitalism 527 for the Former Yugoslavia Natural Resources resource wars 651 (ICTY) 273 (IUCN) 488 Iraq International Crisis Group 599 International Whaling Middle East, idea of 460, International Critical Geography Commission 108 461 Group Internet 391–2 military geography 465 critical human geography 124 cadastral mapping 57 multilateralism 482 geography 290 cartography 69 remote sensing (RS) 644 International Decade for Natural census 75 resource wars 651 Disaster Reduction 198 communication(s) 102 Iraq War (2003-) 523 International Development cyberspace 140 Iraq–Iran War (1980–8) 460 Association (IDA) 624 digital cartography 163 Irigarary, L. 269 International Energy Agency 510 geo-informatics 299 Iron Curtain 468 International Federation of Data map 437 Iron Guard 242 Organizations 671 neo-geography 496 irredentism 396 International Food Policy territoriality 745 Isard, Walter Research Institute 360 time 756 location theory 426 International Geographical transport geography 773 locational analysis 428 Union (IGU) virtual geographies 799 regional science 638–9 Geographic Information virus 800 space-economy 710 Science (GISc) 278 interoperability 392 Islam geography 290 geocomputation 276 caste 72 International Geographical geo-informatics 299 civilization 88 Union MegaCity Task Global Positioning Systems just war 397 Force 453 (GPS) 307 oil 510 International Geosphere- interpretation 328 religion 643 Biosphere Programme 409 Inter-University Consortium for Islamic Empire 538, 539 International Labour Political and Social isolation 372 Organization (ILO) Research 671 isolines 396 informal sector 381 intervening opportunities 317, cartography 68 slavery 688 392–3 class interval 89 International Monetary Fund interviews and scientific instrumentation 668 (IMF) 390–1 interviewing 393–4 topographic map 761 Africa, idea of 11 children 81 Israel aid 21 extensive research 234 ethnic democracy 214 anti-globalization 31, 32 fieldwork 251 Green Line 317 capitalism 62, 64 focus group 258 homeland 342 economic integration 182, positionality 556 indistinction, zone of 375 183 qualitative methods 605 intifada 394 fair trade 238 questionnaire 613 Middle East, idea of 460 globalization 310 rhetoric 655 sovereignty 706 governance 313 software for qualitative urbicide 794 market 442 research 703 verticality, politics of 798

1000 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1001 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

Israeli Center for Human film 253 American empire 26 Rights 394 urban geography 785 domesticity 172 Iyer, P. 635 Jones, M. 639 Kaplinsky, R. 101 Joseph, Keith 442 Kariel, H.G. 702 Jack, D.C. 394 Joseph, M. 103, 104 Kariel, P.E. 702 Jackson, C. 671 Jourdain, Molie`re M. 287 Kasarda, J.D. 8 Jackson, J.B. 409 Journal of Biogeography 47 Kates, Robert Jackson, P. 136 Journal of Economic behavioural geography 44 Jacobs, Jane Geography 500 resource 648 inner city 384 Journal of Historical Katodrytis, G. 792 urban origins 789 Geography 333, 335 Katz, Cindi urban renewal 790 Joyce, James 420 contrapuntal Jacome, Mestre 230 Judaism geographies 114 James, C.L.R. 718 fascism 242 everyday life 224 James, Henry 621 kibbutz 401 Grand Theory 315 James, William 577 race 615 time–space expansion 761 Jameson, Frederic Jung, Carl 596 topography 762 contrapuntal geographies 113 just war 397 Kaur, R. 159 geographical ethics 211 Kautsky, Karl imagination 283 nomos 502 agrarian question 14–16 literature 420 religion 643 Marxism 444 Janelle, Douglas 758 terrorism 747 Kearns, G. 420 Jefferson, Mark war 805 Kearns, R.A. 451 geography, history of 296 justice Keil, R. 304 primate city, the law of 580 environmental justice 201–2 Keith, M. 646 Jeffreys, H. 43 equality 208 Kennan, George 301 Jeffries, M. 46 fair trade 238 Kennedy, B.A. 292 Jencks, C. 111 feminism 244 Kennedy, John F. Jenkins, Simon 668 Green Revolution 319 Pax Americana 523 Jessop, Bob social justice 694–5 stages of growth 721 governance 313 territorial justice 744 Kepler, Johannes 669 internal relations 390 just-in-time production 397–8 Kerridge, E. 20 regulation theory 640 post-Fordism 564 Kerry, John 516 Jevons, William Stanley 495 production complex 589 Kessler, Karl 143 Jews Taylorism 742 Key, V.O. Jr. 264 diaspora 158 Keynes, John Maynard ethnic cleansing 213 Kafka, Franz 466 capitalism 61 ethnicity 215 Kain, John 713 development 155 Europe, idea of 223 Kaldor, Mary 32 market 443 holocaust 337 Kaldor, Nicholas 385 political economy 548 sovereign power 706 Kalra, V.S. 159 poverty 574 jihad Kant, Immanuel Keynes, John Neville 505 just war 397 commercial geography 98 Keynesian economics Pax Americana 523 cosmopolitanism 117 capitalism 63 Johannesburg Plan of episteme 206 growth theory 321, 322 Implementation 739 Kantianism 399 International Monetary Fund Johnson, B. 401 modernity 471 (IMF) 390 Johnson, Harry 443 philosophy 530 market 442, 443 Johnson, Lyndon B. 721 physical geography 532 neo-liberalism 497 Johnston, R.J. space 708 political economy 548 exploratory data analysis time 755 redistribution 626 (EDA) 234 Kantianism 399–401 regime of accumulation 630 modifiable areal unit problem animals 29 regulation theory 640 (maup) 476 exceptionalism 226 restructuring 652 process 586, 587 geography 288 World Social Forum Johnston, Samuel 297 idiographic 368 (WSF) 812 Joint Academic Network 392 naturalism 491 Khomeini, Ayatollah Jones, Clarence Fielden 179 nomothetic 502 Ruhollah 511 Jones, E.L. 20 philosophy 530 kibbutz 401 Jones, Emrys possibilism 560 Kimberly Process Certification environmental history 199 process 586 Scheme 107 social geography 692 space 707 Kimble, G.H.T. 634–5 Jones, J.P., III spatiality 717 King, Anthony 304 epistemology 207 Kaplan, Amy King, Clarence 407

1001 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1002 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

King, G. Kobayashi, Audrey communism 103 modifiable areal unit problem difference 159 cost structure 118 (maup) 476 social justice 695 division of labour 169–70 secondary data analysis 671 Koch snowflakes 263 domestic labour 170–1 King, Martin Luther, Jr. 454 Koefoed, L. 515 export processing zone kinship Koelsch, W. 83 (EPZ) 234 heteronormativity 329 Koestler, Arthur 627 factors of production 237 patriarchy 522 Kohl, Helmut farming 241 Kissinger, Henry 301 market 443 flexible accumulation 257 Kitchin, Rob World Social Forum (WSF) 812 Fordism 260 activism 6 Kohler, R. 667 Green Revolution 319 critical human geography 123 Kola´c¸ny´, Antonı´n68 informal sector 381 cyberspace 139 Kondratieff, Nikolai 403 knowledge economy 401, 403 Kjellen, Rudolf 302 Kondratieff waves 402, 403 labour geography 404 Klein, Melanie 596 industrial revolution 378 labour market 404–6 Kniffen, Fred B. 160 regional cycles 632 labour theory of value 407 Knopp, L. 680 restructuring 651 leisure 416 knowledge Kong, L. 643 locality 425 action research 5 Korea, South migrancy 461, 462 behavioural geography 45 NIDL 500 NIDL 500 Cartesianism 65 South, the 705 proto-industrialization 595 case study 72 Kosek, J. 454 sharecropping 681 colonialism 95 Kosovo 213 slavery 687–8 contextuality 112 Kristeva, Julia Taylorism 742 critical geopolitics 122 geography 290 labour force 696–7 critical rationalism 124 psychoanalytic theory 596 labour geography 404 cultural economy 129 Kroeber, A.L. 45 labour process 406 Enlightenment 194 Krog, A. 33 Taylorism 742 episteme 206 Kropotkin, Pyotr labour market 404–6 epistemology 206–8 anarchism 27 chain migration 78 essentialism 211 critical human geography 123 class 89 ethics 213 Darwinism 143 external economies 234–5 geography, history of 296, geography 294 externalities 235 298, 299 Lamarck(ian)ism 408 labour geography 404 governmentality 314 radical geography 619 migration 463 humanities 358 socialism 700 multiculturalism 481 indigenous knowledge 374–5 Krugman, Paul post-industrial city 565 local knowledge 422–3 institutional economics 385 production complex 589 participant observation 520 New Economic restructuring 652 philosophy 530 Geography 499–500 transnational corporations post-industrial society 565 Kuhn, Thomas (TNCs) 771 relativism 641 Cartesianism 65 underclass 779 representation 646 critical rationalism 125 labour process 406 risk 657 falsification 239 division of labour 169 science/science studies 666–8 geography, history of 297 industrial revolution 379 scientific instrumentation 669 local knowledge 423 Kondratieff waves 403 services 678 paradigm 518 labour market 405 situated knowledge 683–5 science/science studies 666, peasant 524 social construction 690 667 plantation 542 subject/subjectivity 728, 731 scientific revolution(s) 669 restructuring 652 text 750 Kulturlandschaft 133 Taylorism 742 third space 753–5 Kwan, M.-P. 353 labour theory of value 406–7 trust 777, 778 Kyoto Protocol capitalism 61 vision and visuality 801 global warming 308 exchange 227 knowledge clusters 668 multilateralism 483 factors of production 237 knowledge economy 401, 403 universalism 782 clusters 92 Labor Movement 401 Lacan, Jacques information economy 382 laboratory 404 geographical imaginary 282 Intellectual Property Rights labour identity 365 (IPR) 388 body 51 ontology 512 post-industrial society 566 capitalism 61 Other/Otherness 515 services 678 collective consumption 93 psychoanalytic theory 596, 597 Knox, D.S. 426 commodity 99 space 709 Knrumah, Kwame 11 commodity chain/filiere 101 Lacan, Paul 681

1002 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1003 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

Laclau, Ernesto holocaust 338 Las Casas, Bartolome´ de 615 discourse 166 human geography 353 Latham, A. 605 post-Marxism 566 humanism 356 Latin America 412–14 rights 656 humanistic geography 357 America(s) (idea of) 24 Lacoste, Yves 804 iconography 363 barrio 42 Lacoue-Labarthe, P. 466 imaginative geographies 371 Berkeley School 45 Ladurie, Le Roy 130 land tenure 408 Boserup thesis 54 laissez-faire Landschaft 411 dependency theory 154 market 443 law 414 narco-capitalism 486 socialism 700 literature 420 neo-liberalism 497 Lakatos, Imre modernity 473 North-South 506 Cartesianism 65 moral geographies 479 South, the 704 critical rationalism 125 moral landscapes 479–80 squatting 719 science/science studies 666 morphogenesis 480 stages of growth 721 Lal, Deepak 443 morphology 480 transculturation 768 Lamarck, Jean Baptiste de 407–8 music 485 Latinos 779 Lamarck(ian)ism 407–8 nation 487 Latour, Bruno adaptation 7–8 place 539 actor-network theory (ANT) 6 anthropogeography 30 place names 541 economic geography 180 Darwinism 142 placelessness 542 geography, history of 298 possibilism 560 post-structuralism 572 hybridity 361 land qualitative methods 603 local knowledge 423 cadastral mapping 57 regional geography 633, 634 modernity 473 capital 58 social geography 692 science/science studies 667 factors of production 237 space 710 scientific instrumentation 669 green belt 317 spatial analysis 711 Laudan, Larry 666 land tenure 408–9 structuralism 725 Laurier, E. 219–20 terra nullius 743 suburb/anization 731–2 law 414–15 land tenure 408–9 text 750 aboriginality 2 Boserup thesis 54 textuality 751 Austral(as)ia, idea of 39 field system 251 theory 752 camp 58 Green Revolution 319 townscape 764 contiguous zone 112 property 593 travel writing 774 difference 159 land use and land-cover change tropicality 777 enclosure 192 (LULC) 409 urban renewal 790 equality 208 agent-based modelling 14 vertical theme 798 exception, space of 225 land-use survey 411 violence 799 exceptionalism 226 remote sensing (RS) 644 vision and visuality 801 explanation 230 rural planning 660 wilderness 810 genocide 273 landscape 409–11 Landschaft 411 governance 313 areal differentiation 35 cultural geography 130 homo sacer 344 art 36 historical geography 333 human rights 354 Berkeley School 45 land-use survey 411 induction 375 cartography, history of 69 Geographic Information liberalism 417 chronotope 84 Systems (GIS) 281 market 442 cultural geography 130–1 von Thu¨nen model 803 occupation, military 508 cultural landscape 133–4 Lang, Fritz 472 place names 542 culture 135 Langton, J. 378–9 policing 544 dialectic(s) 158 language 411–12 property 593 difference 159 cultural geography 130 prostitution 594 Disneyfication 168 discourse 166 race 616 ecology 177 discourse analysis 167–8 refugees 628 enclosure 192 gender 269 social justice 694 fieldwork 251 geography 289–90, 293 terra nullius 743 flows 257 humanistic geography 357 territorial integrity 744 forestry 261 process 586 violence 799 genocide 273 qualitative methods 605 Law, John 6–7 geographical imagination rhetoric 655 law (scientific) 415 282 text 749–51 epistemology 207 geography 288, 290–1 language mapping 411 explanation 229 geography, history of 298 Laplace, Pierre-Simon 558 logical positivism 430 growth pole 321 large-scale maps 664 ontology 512 hegemony 327 Larkham, Peter J. 764 positivism 558 historical geography 332, 334 Larner, W. 401, 403 realism 622

1003 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1004 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX law of the sea 415–16 recreation 624 property 593 Laws, G. 452 sport(s) 718 radical democracy 618 layers of investment 652 tourism 763 rights 656 LDA. See longitudinal data Lemansky, C. 732 Lichty, R.W. 291 analysis Lemert, C. 699 life Le Corbusier 783 Lemkin, Raphael 272 bare life (‘naked life’) 41–2 le Guin, Ursula 174 Lenin, V.I. biophilosophy 47 le Play, Fre´de´ric 130 imperialism 373 biopolitics, biopower 48 Le Play Society 130 informal sector 381 everyday life 223–5 League of Nations Marxism 444 quality of life 606–7 demography 153 uneven development 781 risk society 658 multilateralism 482 Lenovo 771 life course/life-cycle 418 learning regions 416 Leontieff, Wassily 385 children 81 clusters 92 leprosy 517 demography 153 information economy 382 lesbians 680 household 346 innovation 385 Leslie, D. 101 longitudinal data analysis knowledge economy 401 Lesotho 563 (LDA) 431 Leavis, F.R. 136 Letchworth 267 metaphor 456 Lebensraum 416 Letterist International 597 population geography 553 anthropogeography 30 Levene, M. 273 resort life-cycle model 647–8 fascism 242 Levinas, Emmanuel social geography 693 geopolitics 301 deconstruction 148 life-cycle. See life course/life-cycle Geopolitik 302 ethics 213 life expectancy 418 holocaust 337 Le´vi-Strauss, Claude demography 153 political geography 549 deconstruction 147 life table 418 LeConte, Joseph 407 exchange 228 mortality 481 Lees, L. 274 structuralism 725 population pyramid 555–6 Lefebvre, Henri Lewis, Bernard life sciences 648 abstraction 2 civilization 88 life table 418 body 51 Middle East, idea of 461 demography 153 capitalism 62 Lewis, J. 246 life expectancy 418 critical theory 127 Lewis, M.W. 456 population geography 553 dialectic(s) 158 Lewis, Oscar lifeworld 418 ethnography 218 cycle of poverty 141 abstraction 2 Euclidean space 220 underclass 779 critical theory 126 everyday life 223–5 Lewis, P. 634 cultural landscape 133 film 254 Lewis, W. Arthur human agency 347 geography 290 dual economy 173 humanistic geography 357 heterotopia 330 growth theory 321, 322 land tenure 408 modernism 470 Lewontin, Richard 616–17 ontology 512 production of nature 589 Ley, David social construction 690 production of space 590, 592 Grand Theory 315 Likert scales 73 rhythmanalysis 655–6 moral landscapes 479 Limerick, P.N. 265 rights 657 urban geography 785, 786 limits to growth 418–19 social space 697–8 Leyes, Nancy Stephan 617 overpopulation 516 space 708 Li, W. 217 population geography 552 spatiality 716, 717 Liben, Lynn 80 Lincoln, Y. 458, 459 sport(s) 718 liberal arts 358 linear programming 419 taken-for-granted world 741 Liberal International 442 opportunity costs 513 third space 754 liberalism 416 optimization models 513 trialectics 776 citizenship 84 transportation problem 773 urbanism 792 civil society 87 Linenthal, E.T. 661 urbanization 793 communitarianism 103 Lingis, Alphonso 717 Lega Nord (political development 155, 156 linguistic geography 411 movement) 639 equality 208 linkages 419 Leib, J.I. 478 ethnicity 214 external economies 234 Leibniz, G.W. feminism 244 production complex 589 biophilosophy 47 human rights 355 Linnaeus, Carolus ontology 512 market 441, 442 ecology 176 process 587 modernity 471 exploration 231 leisure 416–17 neo-liberalism 497–8 race 615–16 consumption 108 political economy 547, 548 Lipietz, Alain 640 moral landscapes 479 post-industrial city 565 Lipton, David 624 post-industrial city 565 pragmatism 578 Lipton, Michael

1004 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1005 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

dual economy 173 industrial geography 377 cartography 67 Green Revolution 318, 319 location theory 427 critical rationalism 124 LISA 712 metaphor 456 exceptionalism 227 Lisle, D. 775 political ecology 546 falsification 239 List, Friedrich 184 society 702 logical empiricism 429 literature 419–22 topography 762 positivism 558 cartography, history of 70 world-systems analysis 814 science/science studies 666 chronotope 84 localization 425 scientific revolution(s) 669 colonialism 98 glocalization 312 spatial science 714 contrapuntal post-Fordism 564 logit regression models 431 geographies 113 location quotient 425–6 categorical data analysis 73 counterfactuals 119 economic base theory 178 general linear model cultural geography 131 segregation, measurement (GLM) 271 culture 135 of 675 regression 640 geography, history of 296 location strategy 345 log-linear modelling 431 global cities/world cities 306 location theory 426–8 logocentrism 527 image 369 behavioural geography 44 Lohia, R. 72 imperialism 374 dialectic(s) 157 London, City of realism 621 economic geography 179 industrial district 376 travel writing 774 entropy-maximizing inner city 384 tropicality 777 models 196 money and finance 477 living standards 380–1 human geography 351 London Stock Exchange Livingstone, D. industrial geography 377 (LSE) 443 geographical societies 286 locational analysis 428 Long, J. 1 geography 287 neo-classical economics 496 Longhurst, R. 52 relativism 641 New Economic longitudinal data analysis text 750 Geography 500 (LDA) 431–2 travelling theory 775 normative theory 505 categorical data analysis 73 trust 778 political economy 548 census 75 Lloyd, Genevieve 492 quantitative methods 607 multi-level models 483 Lobeck, A.K. 533 quantitative revolution 611 sequence analysis 676 Local Economic Trading rational choice theory 639 survey analysis 736 Systems (LETS) space-economy 710 Loos, A. 472 alternative economies 24 spatial science 715 Lorde, Audre 699 informal sector 381–2 time–space convergence 758 Lorimer, H. 605 local knowledge 422–3 transaction costs 767 Los Angeles School 432 indigenous knowledge 375 transport costs 773 postmodernism 568 law (scientific) 415 urban geography 785 urban geography 787 locational analysis 429 locational analysis 428–9, 428 Lo¨sch, August postmodernism 568 economic geography 179 central place theory 76 science/science studies 667 location theory 427 dialectic(s) 157 situated knowledge 684 nodal region 501 location theory 426 local state 423–4 process 586 locational analysis 428 enterprise zone 195 quantitative methods 608 normative theory 505 secession 670 regional geography 633–4 space-economy 710 local statistics 424 science/science studies 667 Lotka-Volterra equations 176 general linear model spatial analysis 711 Louis XIV, king of (GLM) 271 transport costs 773 France 311 geographical analysis machine Locke, John Loukaki, A. 272 (GAM) 281 America(s) (idea of) 25 Loury, Glen 689 point pattern analysis 544 empiricism 190 Love Canal, New York 201 quadrat analysis 603 identity 364 Lowe, M. 654 quantitative methods 610 labour theory of value 406 Lowenthal, David surface 733 nature 492 behavioural geography 44 locale 424 state of nature 724 environmental contextual effect 110 Lockean liberalism 547, 548 history 199–200 contextuality 111 Lo¨fgren, O. 764 Lowie, R.H. 45 tourism 763 logical empiricism 429–30 Lozovsky, N. 297 local–global relations 424–5 Cartesianism 65 Lucas, Robert 182 complexity theory 106 logical positivism 430 Luce, Henry 26 urban ecology 783 positivism 558 Luckmann, Thomas locality 425 spatial science 714 lifeworld 418 economic geography 179 logical positivism 430–1 social construction 690 industrial district 375, 376 Cartesianism 65 Lucretius 449

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INDEX

Luhmann, Niklas functionalism 265 analogue 26 functionalism 266 participant observation 519, artificial intelligence 37 structural functionalism 725 520 cadastral mapping 57 Luka´cs, Gyo¨rgy 366 Mall (Washington, D.C.) 478 cartographic reason 66 Luke, Timothy malls 654 cartography 66 deep ecology 149 Malmberg, Anders 386 cartography, history of 69 urbanism 792 malnutrition 359–60 children 80, 81 Lukes, Steven 575 Malthus, Thomas choropleth 83 LULC. See land use and land- Boserup thesis 54 class interval 89 cover change economic growth 181 colonialism 97 Lund School 697 historical demography 332 deliberative mapping 150 Lunn, E. 469, 470 Malthusian model 433–4 diffusion 161 Lupton, D. 658 Postan thesis 560 digital cartography 162, 163 Luxemburg, Rosa 781 Malthusian model 433–4 digitizing 163 Lyde, Lionel 178 Africa, idea of 12 economic geography 178 Lynch, Kevin Boserup thesis 54 geo-body 275 environmental Darwinism 142 geocoding 275 perception 202 economic growth 182 Geographic Information mental maps/cognitive environmental hazard 198 Science (GISc) 277–9 maps 455 Green Revolution 317 Geographic Information urban geography 785 historical demography 332 Systems (GIS) 279–81 Lyotard, J.F. 699 hunger 360 iconography 363 Lysenko, T.D. 408 population density 552 imaginative geographies 370 population geography 552 isolines 396 Ma, L.J.C. 732 Postan thesis 560 map projection 437–9 MacCannell, D. 763 resource 649 neo-geography 496 Machiavelli, Niccolo` 391 resource wars 651 point pattern analysis 543 machines 684 Mamdani, M. probability map 586 MacKenzie, S. 247 apartheid 33 raster 620 Mackinder, Halford decolonization 146 scale 664 environmental Middle East, idea of 461 science/science studies 666 determinism 197 religion 643 space 710 geography, history of 296 South, the 705 spatial analysis 711 geopolitics 301 management text 750 Geopolitik 302 class 89 topographic map 761–2 heartland 326–7 Fordism 260 verticality, politics of 798 political geography 549, 550 governance 312 vision and visuality 801 Mackinder’s Heartland 301 labour process 406 map projection 437–, 438 MacLeod, G. 639 resource management 650 analogue 26 Macmillan, B. 469 urban managers and cartogram 66 Macnaghten, P. 658 gatekeepers 787–8 digital cartography 163 macrogeography 433 Manchester 384 graph theory 316 general systems theory 271 Mandel, Ernest map 434, 435 population potential 554 Kondratieff waves 403 quantitative methods 607 regional geography 634 Marxist economics 446 map reading 439, 465 Maddison, A. 403 Mandelbrot, Benoıˆt 263 Marble, D.F. 426–7 Maddox, Conroy 628 Manichean divide 140 Marburg School 400 Madres de Plaza de Mayo 355 Mann, Michael Marchand, B. 157 Madsen, R. 104 ideology 368 Marcus, G.E. 218 Maegraith, B. 452 state 722–3 Marcuse, Herbert Magellan, Ferdinand 230 territoriality 745 critical theory 125 magnetic north 40 Mannheim, Karl 112 existentialism 228–9 magnetism 668 Manson, S. ideology 367 Magnusson, Warren 791 complexity theory 106 Marcuse, Peter 306 Magritte, Rene´ 330 Grand Theory 316 Margalit, A. 508 Mahan, Alfred Thayer 460 manufacturing marijuana 486 Make Poverty History 238 post-industrial city 565 marine science 50 maladaptation 8 services 677 market 439–3 malapportionment 433 Manufacturing Belt (USA) capitalism 59 districting algorithm 169 588 commodity 99 electoral geography 188 Mao Zedong 103 competitive advantage 105 redistricting 626 Maoism 670 co-operative 115 Malecki, E. 195 Maori 1 cultural economy 129 Malinowski, Bronislaw map 434–7 economic integration 183

1006 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1007 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

environmental economics 197, Marshall, T.H. 84 rent 644 198 Marshall Plan 321 situationists/situationism 685 exchange 227, 228 Marston, S.A. 665 slum 688 feudalism 249 Marston, S.K. social capital 689 financial exclusion 255 film 253 social construction 690 footloose industry 260 urban geography 785 social formation 692 game theory 267 Martin, D. 276 social theory 698, 699 globalization 309 Martin, Ron space 708 gross domestic product institutional economics 386 spatial fetishism 712 (GDP) 319 knowledge economy 401 spatiality 717 growth theory 321 relevance 642 stages of growth 720 Hotelling model 345 Marx, Karl teleology 742–3 housing class 346 accumulation 3–4 terms of trade 743 labour market 404–6 alienation 23 time–space compression 757 local–global relations 424 analytical Marxism 26–7 trialectics 776 modernity 473 base and superstructure 42 tricontinentalism 777 neo-liberalism 497 capital 59 uneven development 781 normative theory 505 capitalism 59, 61 Marxism 444–5 periodic market systems 527 class 88 Africa, idea of 11 plantation 543 commodity 99, 100 analytical Marxism 26–7 Postan thesis 560 communism 103 anarchism 28 public services 601 community 104 base and superstructure 42–3 squatting 719 cosmopolitanism 117 Brenner thesis 56 staples theory 722 creative destruction 119 capital 58–9 state 723 crisis 121 collective consumption 93 tariff 741 critical human geography 123 conflict 106 trade 764 cultural economy 129 crisis 121 transaction costs 767, 768 deconstruction 147 critical human geography 123 transnational corporations dialectic(s) 157, 158 critical theory 125 (TNCs) 771 ecological imperialism 175 culture 135–6 welfare state 808 economic growth 182 development 156 world-systems analysis 813 everyday life 224 dialectical image 158 market area analysis 714 geographical imagination 283 division of labour 170 market efficiency 496 geography 294 domestic labour 171 market share 345 globalization 309 ecological imperialism 175 marketing principle 76, 77 historical materialism 335, economic geography 179–81 Markov process/Markov 336 economy 185 chain 443–4 human geography 351 environmental Bayesian analysis 43–4 humanism 356 determinism 197 simulation 683 ideology 366 epistemology 207 stochastic process 724 industrial geography 377 essentialism 210, 211 Markusen, Ann 593 infrastructure 383 ethnicity 214–16 marriage labour theory of value 406–7 existentialism 228 historical demography 332 location theory 427 feminist geographies 246 nuptuality 506 Marxism 444, 445 flows 257 Marsden, Terry K. Marxist economics 446 functionalism 266 biotechnology 50 metaphor 456 geographical imagination 283 locality 425 methodological geography 295 sustainability 738 individualism 457 hegemony 327 Marsh, C. mode of production 468 historical geography 335 questionnaire 613–14 modernism 470 historical materialism 335–6 survey analysis 736 modernity 472 historicism 336 Marsh, George Perkins money and finance 476 human agency 347 environmental history naturalism 492 human geography 351, 352 199–200 NIDL 500 humanistic geography 357 geography, history of 296 peasant 524 identity 364 Marshall, Alfred philosophy 531 ideology 366–8 clusters 92 political economy 548, 549 infrastructure 382–3 external economies 234–5 political geography 550 institutional economics 385 industrial district 375 primitive accumulation 580, internal relations 390 industrial geography 378 581 International Relations learning regions 416 production of space 592 (IR) 391 location theory 426, 427 rational choice theory 621 labour process 406 neo-classical economics 495 regional geography 635 Lamarck(ian)ism 408

1007 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1008 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

Marxism (cont’d) restructuring 653 subject/subjectivity 729 liberalism 417 retailing 654 theory 752 limits to growth 419 subsistence agriculture 731 time-geography 756 location theory 427 value-added 797 time–space compression 757 methodological welfare geography 807 vision and visuality 801 individualism 457 Marxist geography 446–8 Maskell, Peter 386 migrancy 461, 462 activism 5 Massey, Doreen minor theory 467 body 51 capitalism 62 mode of production 468 creative destruction 119 case study 72 modernism 470 crisis 121 contextuality 112 money and finance 476 cultural geography 131 decision-making 144–5 nation 487 domestic labour 171 division of labour 170 nature 493 environmental hazard 198 economic geography 179 normative theory 505 feminist geographies 246 essentialism 211 objectivity 507 flows 257 ethnography 218–19 phenomenology 529 geographical imagination 283 geographical imaginary 282 political ecology 547 homophobia and industrial geography 377 political geography 551 heterosexism 344 labour process 406 post-industrial society 566 Marxism 445 location theory 427 post-Marxism 566 materialism 449 Marxist economics 446 power 575 philosophy 531 place 540–1 production of space 590, 592 political ecology 545 power-geometry 576–7 quantitative revolution 612 power 575 segregation, measurement radical democracy 619 quantitative methods 608 of 675 radical geography 619, 620 realism 623 sense of place 676 rational choice theory 621 resistance 647 social theory 699 realism 623 retailing 653–4 space 709 regulation theory 640 scale 665 time–space compression 757, Second World 670 social geography 692 758 social justice 694 society 703 material culture 448–9 social movements 695 uneven development 781 cultural geography 130 social reproduction 697 universalism 782 culture 135 socialism 700, 701 violence 799 hermeneutics 328 society 703 masculinism 448 home 341 space 708, 709 androcentricity 28 text 750 space-economy 710 cyborg 140 visual methods 802 spatial fetishism 712 economic geography 180 materialism 449 spatiality 716, 717 ethnicity 217 creative destruction 119 spectacle 717 fascism 242 cultural geography 132 stages of growth 720 feminism 243–4 culture 136–7 state 723 feminist geographies 245, 246 discourse 166 structuralism 725 fieldwork 251 epistemology 207 structuration theory 726 gender 268 historical materialism 335–6 subaltern studies 727 geographical imagination 284 human geography 351 subject/subjectivity 728, 729 geography 295 idealism 363 territoriality 745 globalization 311 internal relations 390 theory 752 home 341 landscape 410 uneven development 781 homophobia and postmaterialism 566 urban geography 785 heterosexism 344 social space 697 vision and visuality 801 industrial geography 377 transculturation 768 West, the 809 landscape 410 world-systems analysis 813 world-systems analysis 813 literature 422 mathematics Marxist economics 445–6 local knowledge 422 chaos theory 78 accumulation 3 local–global relations 425 complexity theory 105 class 88 methodology 458 cosmography 116 economic growth 182 militarism 465 Euclidean space 220 economy 185 money and finance 477 factor analysis 237 exchange 227 ontology 512 fractal 263 factors of production 238 Other/Otherness 515 graph theory 316 intensive agriculture 389 phallocentrism 527 gravity model 316 neo-Ricardian economics 498 qualitative methods 605–6 location quotient 426 political economy 548 quantitative revolution 612 Malthusian model 433 productivity 592 sexuality 681 optimization models 513 rent 644, 645 situated knowledge 683 quantitative methods 607, 608

1008 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1009 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

topology 762 cyberspace 139, 140 environmental perception 202 visualization 802 geopolitics 301 imaginative geographies 370 Matless, David memory 454 map reading 439 landscape 410 mental maps/cognitive psychogeography 597 moral geographies 479 maps 455 quantitative methods 609 moral landscapes 479 postmodernism 567 urban geography 785 Mato, Daniel 413 terrorism 748 Mercator projection maup. See modifiable areal unit time–space convergence 758 map 435 problem war 806 map projection 438 Maury, Matthew Fontaine 669 World Social Forum Merleau-Ponty, Maurice Mauss, Marcel 228 (WSF) 812 body 50 Maxey, Ian 6 medical geography 451–3 environmental Mayer, S. 111 ageing 13 perception 203 Mayhew, R. 297 AIDS 22 everyday life 224 Mbeki, Thabo 33 asylum 39 landscape 410 Mbembe, Achille 10 climate 90–1 process 587 McCarthy, Thomas 126 contextual effect 111 Merrifield, A. McCarthyism diffusion 161 situated knowledge 684 science/science studies 667 disease, diffusion of 168 social justice 694, 695 stages of growth 720 epidemiology 206 urban exploration 784 McCarty, Harold fertility 249 urbicide 794 location theory 426 health and health care 325 Merton, R.K. 698–9 quantitative revolution 611 human geography 351 Mesopotamia 788, 789 McDowell, L. inequality, spatial 380 mestizaje 413 feminist geographies 246 mortality 481 metageography 113, 456 qualitative methods 606 population geography 553 metaphor 456 radical geography 620 quantitative methods 610 abstraction 2 McGee, Terry medicalization Chicago School 79 urban geography 786 biopolitics, biopower 48 complexity theory 106 urbanization 793 security 673 cyberspace 139 McGrew, A. 310 medicine 50 discourse analysis 167 McKibben, Bill 492, 493 Mediterranean Social geographical imaginary 282 McLafferty, S. 713 Forum 812 geography, history of 298 McLung, Nellie 208 megacities 86, 453 literature 422 McManus, P. 50 megalopolis 453 pragmatism 578 McMichael, P. city 86 prisoner’s dilemma 582 agro-food system 21 conurbation 114 rhetoric 655 intensive agriculture 389 Meillassoux, Claude 468 situated knowledge 683 McMillan, John 440, 441 Meinig, D. 138 territorialization 746 MDS. See multidimensional Mellaart, James 789 text 750 scaling memory 453–5 time–space compression 757 Mead, G.H. Austral(as)ia, idea of 39 values 797 identity 364 cultural landscape 134 metaphysics lifeworld 418 genocide 273 naturalism 491 social theory 698 habitus 323 positivism 558 symbolic interactionism 739 historical geography 334 post-structuralism 573 Mead, Margaret 519 holocaust 338 metaphysics of presence mean information field (m.i.f.) home 340 deconstruction 147 449 human geography 354 materialism 449 contextual effect 110 monuments 478 Methodenstreiten 65 diffusion 160 place 539 methodological innovation 384 rural geography 659 individualism 457 simulation 683 time–space distanciation 760 neo-classical economics 496 measurement 449–50 topophilia 763 reductionism 626 categorical data analysis 73 urbicide 794 society 701 general linear model war 804 methodology 457–9 (GLM) 271 Mendelian genetics Chicago School 79 Global Positioning Systems Green Revolution 318 children 81 (GPS) 307 Lamarck(ian)ism 408 critical human geography 123 log-linear modelling 431 Mendels, Franklin 595 fieldwork 251 multi-level models 483 Mene´ndez Pidal, Ramo´n 413 Geographic Information media 450 Menger, Carl 495 Systems (GIS) 280 community 103 mental maps/cognitive maps 455 phenomenology 529 cultural geography 131 behavioural geography 44 positivism 558

1009 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1010 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX methodology (cont’d) famine 240 sampling 663 science/science studies 666 fertility 249 secondary data analysis 671 subject/subjectivity 731 fiscal migration 255–6 Millennium Development metropolitan area 459 friction of distance 264 Goals 739 census 75 gravity model 316 Miller, A. 534 conurbation 114 Green Revolution 319 Mills, C. Wright micropolis 459 home 341 geographical imagination 283 post-industrial city 565 homophobia and Grand Theory 315 system 740 heterosexism 344 Milne, D. 721 urban and regional identity 366 mimesis 466 planning 782 immigration 371–3 Cartesianism 65 urban fringe 784 informal sector 381 vision and visuality 801 Mexican-Americans 42 intervening opportunities 392 visual methods 802 Mexico 318 invasion and succession 395 Mingay, G.E. 20 micropolis 459 labour geography 404 Minkowski, Hermann 755 microsimulation 459 labour market 405 minor theory 466–7 ecological inference 175 Lamarck(ian)ism 408 postmodernity 570 e-social science 210 life course/life-cycle 418 post-structuralism 573 population geography 553 life table 418 theory 752 simulation 683 mean information field (m.i.f.) Mirabeau, Victor Riqueti, Middle Ages 191 449 marquis de 406 Middle East mental maps/cognitive Mirowski, P. 621 empire 190 maps 455 Mises, Ludwig von 441 geostrategic realms 302 mobility 467 missing at random (MAR) 736 historical geography 332 mortality 481 missing completely at random holocaust 338 peasant 524 (MCAR) 736 imperialism 373 population geography 553, Mitchell, Don oil 510 554 culture 136–7 Orientalism 514 population projection 555 dialectic(s) 158 regional geography 633 qualitative methods 603 landscape 410 resource wars 651 quantitative methods 607 public space 602 security 672 social geography 693 relevance 642 Middle East, idea of 459–61 social reproduction 697 rights 657 Middle East Command 460 spatial identity 712 social justice 694 Middle East Department 460 squatting 719 urban geography 787 m.i.f. See mean information field system 740 violence 799 migrancy 461–2 time–space expansion 761 Mitchell, James 324 labour market 405 tourism 763 Mitchell, K. 623 population geography 553 transculturation 768 Mitchell, Timothy migration 462–4 transnationalism 772 boundary 55 adaptation 8 Mikesell, M.W. 45 economy 185 anthropogeography 30 milieu 273 epistemology 207 assimilation 38 militarism 464–5 geographical imagination 284 Austral(as)ia, idea of 39 cyborg 141 Mitchell, W.J.T. 410 back-to-the-city movement 41 feudalism 249 Mitchell, Wesley 385 behavioural geography 44 geographical societies 286 MLwiN (software) 703 blockbusting 50 military geography 465–6 mobility 467–8 Brenner thesis 56 empire 190 accessibility 3 carceral geographies 65 geographical imagination 284 Chicago School 79 chain migration 78 geography 287 children 80 Chicago School 80 map reading 439 life course/life-cycle 418 children 81 militarism 465 modernity 471 cohort 92 security 672 neighbourhood 494 conflict 106 virtual geographies 800 nomadism 501–2 contrapuntal geographies 113 war 804 spatial mismatch 713–14 counter-urbanization 119 military occupation. See transport geography 773 demographic transition 152 occupation, military urban ecology 783 demography 153 military rule 508 mode of production 468 diaspora 158–9 Mill, H.R. 532–3 base and superstructure 42 domesticity 172 Mill, John Stuart feudalism 249 dual economy 173 plantation 543 historical materialism 335 emigration 188 resource 648 internal relations 390 ethnicity 215 utilitarianism 794 labour process 406 family reconstitution 239 Millennium Cohort (UK) labour theory of value 407

1010 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1011 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

production of space 590 crisis 121 restructuring 651 slavery 687 critical theory 126 risk 657 social formation 692 Kantianism 400 stages of growth 720 social space 698 literature 420 state of nature 724 stages of growth 720 model 469 surveillance 733 teleology 743 ontology 512 time 755 welfare geography 807 phenomenology 529 time–space compression 757 world-systems analysis 813 philosophy 530 time–space convergence 758 model 468–9 postmodernism 566–8 time–space distanciation 760 abstraction 2 time–space compression 757 time–space expansion 761 analogue 26 time–space convergence 759 urban geography 787 cellular automata 74 urban and regional war 804 Chicago School 79 planning 783 West, the 809 complexity theory 105 West, the 808 whiteness 810 cybernetics 138 modernity 471–4 modernization 474–5 diffusion 160, 161 aboriginality 1 Africa, idea of 11 digitizing 163 abstraction 2 agricultural involution 19 disease, diffusion of 168 actor-network theory (ANT) decolonization 146 economic geography 179 7 development 155 endogeneity 192 bare life (‘naked life’) 41 globalization 308 entropy-maximizing body 50 industrial revolution 378 models 196 camp 57 industrialization 380 forecast 261 citizenship 84 informal sector 381 general linear model civilization 87 political ecology 547 (GLM) 271 colonialism 94 post-development 563 geocomputation 275 communitarianism 103 risk society 658 Geographic Information community 104 stages of growth 720 Science (GISc) 277 consumption 109 teleology 743 Geographic Information contrapuntal transnational corporations Systems (GIS) 279 geographies 113 (TNCs) 772 geographically weighted cosmopolitanism 117 underdevelopment 780 regression (GWR) 286 critical theory 125–7 uneven development 780 geography 289, 292 domesticity 172 urban renewal 790 geo-informatics 299–300 dual economy 173 urbanization 793 globe 311 epistemology 207 modes of production glocalization 312 everyday life 224, 225 analytical Marxism 26 governable space 312 feminist geographies 245 spatiality 716 governmentality 314 feudalism 249 modest theory 752 gravity model 316 flaneur/flanerie 256 modifiable areal unit problem human geography 351 genocide 273 (maup) 475–6 ideal type 363 geography 291 classification and innovation 384 hegemony 327 regionalization 90 instrumental variables 387 heterotopia 330 ecological fallacy 174 location theory 426 historical geography 334 electoral geography 188 log-linear modelling 431 holocaust 338 quantitative methods 610 Malthusian model 433 Kantianism 400 Moi, T. 51 Markov process (or Markov literature 420 Mol, Annemarie 7 chain) 443–4 local–global relations 424 money and finance 476–8 neighbourhood effect 495 market 441 capital 59 Pirenne thesis 538–9 memory 454 commodity 99 profit cycle 593 modernism 469 hot money 345, 345 quantitative methods 607 nation 487 property 593 regional cycles 632 nationalism 489 public finance 598–9 stages of growth 720 Occidentalism 507 trade 764 trade 766 Other/Otherness 515 transnational corporations transaction costs 767 peasant 524 (TNCs) 771 transport geography 773 place 540 Monk, J. 247 transportation problem 773–4 placelessness 542 monopoly, spatial. See spatial von Thu¨nen model 803 place names 542 monopoly model prison 517 post-colonialism 561 monopoly rent 645 modern age 206 postmodernity 568–70 Mont Pelerin Society modernism 469–71 primitivism 581 market 442 cartographic reason 66 race 615 World Social Forum city 86 regional geography 635 (WSF) 812

1011 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1012 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

Monte Carlo simulation population geography 553 Mumford, Lewis geocomputation 275 population projection 555 megalopolis 453 simulation 683 population pyramid 556 urban and regional spatial science 715 Postan thesis 560 planning 782 Montesquieu, C.L. quantitative methods 610 urban origins 788 environmental Moses, Robert 790 Mu¨nkler, H. determinism 197 Mosley, Oswald 242 terrorism 748 territory 747 Moss, P. 458 war 806 Montfort, M.J. 101 Mosse, G. 478 Murchison, Roderick 231 Montreal 384 Mother Theresa 782 Murdoch, J. 425 monuments 454, 478 motor sport valley 376 music 484–5 Moore, Barrington 525 Motorsport Valley 257 art 36 moral geographies 478–9 Mouffe, Chantal consumption 109 climate 91 discourse 166 film 252 moral landscapes 479 post-Marxism 566 geography 289 pollution 551 rights 656 literature 421 relativism 641 Mountz, A. 604 Muslims social geography 693 Muir, John 107 ethnic cleansing 213 universalism 782 multiculturalism 481 market 442 values 797 assimilation 39 Mussolini, Benito 242 war 806 diaspora 159 Mutersbaugh, T. 260 moral landscapes 479–80 ethnicity 214 mutual recognition 746 moral turn 212 ethnoburb 217 MVRDV 764 morality 213 immigration 372 Myrdal, Gunnar 721 Moran, I. 711–12 pluralism 543 More, Sir Thomas recognition 623 Naess, Arne 149 urban and regional social geography 693 NAFTA planning 782 spatial identity 713 border 52 utopia 795 Multiculturalism Act free trade area (FTA) 264 Morehouse, Scott 281 (Canada) 481 Latin America 414 Moretti, F. 421 multidimensional scaling Nagar, R. 604 Morgan, Kevin (MDS) 482, 654 Nagel, Ernest 430 innovation 385 multilateralism 482–3, 813 naked life. See bare life institutional economics 386 multi-level models 483–4 Nancy, Jean Luc 213 Morgan, T.H. 142 Bayesian analysis 44 Nandy, Ashis 31 Morgenstern, O. 267 ecometrics 177 Napoleon Bonaparte 326 Morishima, M. 27 education 187 Napoleon III 412 morphogenesis 480, 480, 481 general linear model narco-capitalism 486 morphology 480–1 (GLM) 271 Nash, C. 605 Berkeley School 45 geographically weighted Nash, John 267 centrifugal and centripetal regression (GWR) 286 Nash, Roderick 199 forces 78 governance 313 nation 486–7 cultural geography 130 logit regression models 431 borderlands 53 exceptionalism 227 Poisson regression models 544 children 81 fractal 263 quantitative methods 610 community 103 geocomputation 275 regression 640 geo-body 274 Landschaft 411 sampling 663 home 341 Pirenne thesis 539 simulation 683 homeland 342 representation 645 software for quantitative identity 365 Sjoberg model 685 analysis 704 lifeworld 418 structuralism 725 survey analysis 736 literature 421 townscape 764 multinational corporations. See memory 453 Morrill, R.L. 427 transnational corporations nationalism 488 Morris, M. 244 (TNCs) partition 520 Morris, R.J. 378–9 multiple nuclei model 484, 484 rights 656 mortality 481 sectoral model 671 slavery 687 demographic transition 152 zonal model 815 sovereign power 705 demography 153 multipliers 484 spatial identity 712 family reconstitution 239 chain migration 78 transnationalism 772 famine 239–40 economic base theory 178 vision and visuality 801 fertility 249 feedback 243 whiteness 810 life expectancy 418 growth pole 320 National Action Committee on life table 418 input-output 385 the Status of Women Malthusian model 433 multi-stage designs 663 (NAC) 122

1012 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1013 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

National Air Traffic Services nation-state 489–90 West, the 809 (NATS) 601 border 52 wetlands 810 National Center for Geographic borderlands 53 natural sciences 328 Information Analysis 281 boundary 55 naturalism 491–2 National Centre for E-Social citizenship 84 environmental Science 210 city 86 determinism 197 National Council for Geographic core–periphery model 115 geography 293 Education 286 devolution 157 time-geography 756, 757 National Council of Labour economy 185 nature 492–4 Colleges 700 emigration 188 alienation 23 National Environmental Policy ethnicity 214 authenticity 40 Act (NEPA) 201 fascism 242 body 51 National Geographic Society flows 258 Cartesianism 65 exploration 231 free trade area (FTA) 264 crisis 121 geographical societies 286 frontier 264 cultural ecology 127 National Intelligence Council globalization 309 cultural landscape 133 (NIC) 523, 524 imperialism 373 deep ecology 149 national opinion polls 662–3 local state 423 dialectic(s) 158 national parks 487–8 memory 454 ecofeminism 174 conservation 108 modernity 471 ecology 177 rural planning 660 multiculturalism 481 economic geography 181 wilderness 811 nation 487 ecosystem 186 National Science Foundation pastoralism 521 environmental Geographic Information Pax Americana 523 determinism 197 Systems (GIS) 281 redistribution 626 environmental hazard 198, Internet 392 regulation theory 640 199 nationalism 488–9 society 702 environmentalism 205 abjection 1 South, the 705 farming 241–2 citizenship 84 territoriality 745 feminist geographies 247 colonialism 96, 98 transnational corporations fieldwork 251 cosmopolitanism 117–18 (TNCs) 772 fractal 263 cultural geography 130 transnationalism 772 gender 268 decolonization 145–7 water 807 genetic geographies 272 egalitarianism 187 West, the 809 geographical imaginary 282 ethnic cleansing 213 world-systems analysis 814 geographical imagination 282, ethnicity 214, 215 Native Americans. See American 285 fascism 242 Indians geography 289, 292 feminism 244 NATO geography, history of 297 geographical societies 286 occupation, military 508 global commons 306–7 geography 288 regional alliance 632 heteronormativity 329 growth theory 321 Second World 670 home 341 heritage 328 Natter, W. 30 human geography 350 Hindutva 331 natural disaster 324 imaginative geographies 370 human geography 350 natural history 49 Lamarck(ian)ism 407 Latin America 413 natural resources 490–1, 491 law 414 law 414 cadastral mapping 57 local knowledge 423 literature 421 common pool resources 102 Marxism 445 memory 454 conservation 107 Marxist geography 447 monuments 478 domestication 171 materialism 449 multiculturalism 481 energy 193 mode of production 468 nation 486, 487 famine 240 modernity 471 nation-state 489 forestry 261 moral landscapes 479 political geography 550 historical geography 335 music 485 populism 556 inequality, spatial 380 nomos 502 security 672 law of the sea 415–16 oil 510–11 self-determination 676 limits to growth 419 ontology 511 subaltern studies 727, 728 oceans 509 Orientalism 514 tariff 741 oil 511 phallocentrism 527 territory 747 resource 648 philosophy 530 transnationalism 772 resource evaluation 649 political ecology 545, 547 water 807 resource management 650 population geography 553 West, the 809 transnational corporations posthumanism 564 nationality 346 (TNCs) 771 post-structuralism 572 nations 363 water 806–7 probabilism 585

1013 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1014 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX nature (cont’d) electoral geography 188 normative theory 505 process 587 enclave 191 opportunity costs 513 production of nature 589–90 friends-and-neighbours Pareto optimality 519 regional geography 634 effect 264 political economy 548 representation 645 geodemographics 277 public choice theory 598 rural geography 659 ghetto 303 quantitative methods 607 sacred and profane space 661 housing studies 346 rational choice theory 621 social construction 690, 691 invasion and succession 395 regional science 638 social geography 692 memory 453 rent 644 state of nature 724 positive discrimination 557 resource economics 649 tourism 763 raster 620 retailing 653 transport geography 773 redlining 626 space-economy 710 underdevelopment 780 rent gap 645 staples theory 722 uneven development 781 segregation 673 uneven development 780 urban and regional Sjoberg model 686 utilitarianism 795 planning 783 social area analysis 688 utility theory 795 urban ecology 783 turf politics 778 welfare geography 807 urban nature 788 urban renewal 790 neo-colonialism values 797 urban village 791 colonialism 96 vision and visuality 801 neighbourhood effect 495 decolonization 146 West, the 809 contextual effect 110 nation 487 wilderness 811 cycle of poverty 141 neo-conservatism nature, production of. See diffusion 160 neo-liberalism 498 production of nature ecometrics 177 socialism 700 Nature Conservancy 108 education 187 neo-Darwinism 142 Nazism electoral geography 188 neo-geography 496 camp 57 logit regression models 431 neo-Kantianism 400 cartography 69 multi-level models 483 neo-liberalism 497–8 deconstruction 148 sampling 663 aboriginality 1 ethnicity 214, 215 social network 696 Africa, idea of 11 Europe, idea of 223 Neighbourhood Statistics 671 agrarian question 16 fascism 242 neighbourhood unit 495 aid 21 Geopolitik 302 garden city 267 AIDS 22 holocaust 337–9 new town 501 American empire 26 Lebensraum 416 Nelson, Lise anti-globalization 31, 32 location theory 426 body 51 apartheid 33 modernity 473 feminist geographies 245 applied geography 34 race 616 topography 762 Asian miracle/tigers 38 racism 618 neo-classical economics 495–6, bare life (‘naked life’) 42 slavery 687 496 biotechnology 49 sovereign power 706 analytical Marxism 27 border 52 negative feedback 243 capitalism 60, 61 borderlands 53 Negri, Antonio convergence, regional 114 capitalism 62, 63 empire 190 creative destruction 119 civil society 87 naturalism 492 decision-making 144 collective consumption 94 regional geography 635 dependency theory 154 communism 103 socialism 700 dialectic(s) 157 community 104 World Social Forum economic geography 179 crime 120 (WSF) 812 economy 185 development 156 Nehru, Jawaharlal 754 environmental economics 197 diaspora 159 neighbourhood 494–5 equilibrium 209 economic geography 180 ageing 13 exchange 227 economic growth 182 anarchism 28 factors of production 238 economic integration 183 back-to-the-city movement 41 growth theory 321 education 187 barrio 42 human geography 351 enclosure 192 census 74 industrial geography 377 environmental economics 197 census tract 75 location theory 427 exit, voice and loyalty 229 Chicago School 79 market 440 fair trade 238 children 80 Marxist economics 445 feminism 244 community 103 methodological feudalism 249 contextual effect 110 individualism 457 gentrification 274 convergence, regional 115 neo-Ricardian economics 498 geodemographics 277 domination 172 New Economic geography 295 education 187 Geography 499 geopolitics 302

1014 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1015 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

globalization 308, 311 network(s) 498–9 music 485 growth theory 322 actor-network theory neo-classical economics 496 imperialism 374 (ANT) 6–7 quantitative methods 609 inequality, spatial 381 chain migration 78 rational choice theory 639 International Monetary Fund communication(s) 102 space-economy 710 (IMF) 390, 391 contextuality 111 spatial science 715 labour geography 404 contrapuntal New Farmers Movement 319 liberalism 417 geographies 113–14 New Geography 714 local state 423 entrepreneurship 195 New Historicism market 441–3 flows 257–8 historicism 336, 337 modernity 473 globalization 309 thick description 753 money and finance 477 governance 313 New International Division of multiculturalism 481 graph theory 316 Labour (NIDL) 500–1 nation-state 490 human agency 348 division of labour 170 NIDL 501 laboratory 404 economic geography 181 participatory democracy 520 locality 425 global cities/world cities 304 political economy 548 location theory 427 investment 395 population geography 554 metageography 456 restructuring 653 post-development 563 mobility 467–8 transnational corporations postmodernity 570 neural networks 499 (TNCs) 771 post-socialism 571 place 541 New International Economic power 576 proto-industrialization 595 Order primitive accumulation 581 quantitative revolution 612 North-South 506 prisons 583 rhizome 655 Third World 754 privatization 585 scale 665 new public administration public services 602 science/science studies 667 (NPA) 563 public-private partnership social network 696 New Right (PPPs) 601 subject/subjectivity 730 local state 423 redistribution 626 territory 746 neo-liberalism 497 regime theory 630 terrorism 749 privatization 585 regionalism 639 topology 762 redistribution 626 regulation theory 640 transport geography 773 new social movements shadow state 681 travelling theory 775 (NSMs) 695 slum 688 urban geography 786 new town 501 social geography 693 network society 498 garden city 267 socialism 700 social network 696 neighbourhood unit 495 South, the 705 territorialization 746 New Towns Act 1946 501 squatting 719 time–space compression New Western Historians 265 state 723 758 New World state apparatus 724 Neumann, J. von 267 decolonization 145 structural adjustment 725 Neumann, Roderick 200 exploration 232 terms of trade 743 neural networks 499 New York City urban and regional artificial intelligence 37 defensible space 149 planning 783 genetic algorithm 272 inner city 384 violence 799 heuristic 331 New York Zoological war 804 Neurath, Otto Society 108 World Social Forum falsification 239 New Zealand 653 (WSF) 812 logical positivism 430 newly industrializing countries World Trade Organization New Caliphate, The 523 (NICs) (WTO) 813 new communism 700 Asian miracle/tigers 38 neo-Malthusianism New Cultural Geography South, the 705 limits to growth 419 Berkeley School 45–6 transnational corporations overpopulation 516 cultural geography 131 (TNCs) 771 neo-Marxism culture 135 Newman, Oscar 149 city 86 New Cultural Historians 753 Newton, Sir Isaac overpopulation 516 New Deal 569 cosmography 117 population geography 552 new ecology 490 critical rationalism 124 neo-Orientalism 515 New Economic globe 311 neo-pragmatism 329 Geography 499–500 gravity model 316 neo-Ricardian economics 427, central place theory 76 hypothesis 362 498 economic geography 178 metaphor 456 neo-Weberianism locational analysis 428, 429 philosophy 530 city 86 methodological quantitative methods 607–8 location theory 427 individualism 457 science/science studies 666

1015 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1016 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

Newton, Sir Isaac (cont’d) cultural geography 132 North-South 86, 506 scientific revolution(s) 669 dialectic(s) 158 North-South (Brandt Neyman, Jerzy 362 emotional geography 189 Commission) 506 NGO 501 epistemology 208 Nostrand, R. 343 anti-globalization 32 ethnomethodology 219 not missing at random institutional economics 386 everyday life 225 (NMAR) 736 social movements 695 explanation 230 NSFNet 392 South, the 705 feminist geographies 245 NUD*ist (Non-numerical squatting 719 film 254 Unstructured Data) 703 Nicolson, Marjorie 199 geography 293 Nuer 265 Nieboer, H.J. 543 Grand Theory 315 Nun˜es, Pedro 230 Nietschmann, B. 8 human agency 348 nuptuality 506 Nietzsche, Friedrich interviews and interviewing demographic transition 152 anti-humanism 33 393 Malthusian model 434 creative destruction 119 model 469 Nurkse, Ragnar 321, 322 ethics 213 ontology 513 NViVo 703 genealogy 270 Pax Americana 524 Nystuen, J. 426–7 production of space 592 performance 525, 526 Nyungah community, Nieuwenhuys, Constant performativity 527 Australia 253 Anton 685 phenomenology 529 Nigeria philosophy 531 O´ Tuathail, Gearoid economic geography 181 place 540 critical geopolitics 122 restructuring 652 pragmatism 578 environmental Nightingale, A. process 587 determinism 197 interviews and qualitative methods 605 ethnic cleansing 213–14 interviewing 394 recreation 625 Oakeshott, Michael 442 methodology 459 regional geography 635 objectivity 507 qualitative methods 606 representation 646 cartographic reason 66 Nijman, Jan social space 698 commodity 100 urban geography 787 society 701 fieldwork 251 NIMBY 501 spatiality 717 methodology 458 prostitution 594 structuration theory 727 ontology 512 zone of dependence 816 subject/subjectivity 728 participant observation 520 1984 (George Orwell) 734 text 750 phenomenology 529 Nixon, Richard and textuality 751 positionality 556 administration 183 time-geography 757 post-structuralism 572 Nkrumah, Kwame 96 urban geography 787 situated knowledge 683, 684 nodal region 501 visual methods 802 observation 558 region 631 Nora, Pierre 454 Occidentalism 507–8, 513–14 regional geography 634 Nordstrom, C. 805 occupation, military 508–9 nomadism 501–2 Norfolk Broads (eastern Cold War 93 pastoralism 521 England) 479 Green Line 317 transhumance 770 Norman, G. 395 intifada 394 nomadology 502, 573 Normandy 331 Latin America 413 nomos 222, 502 normative theory 505–6 Middle East, idea of 460 nomothetic 502–3 central place theory 76 military geography 465 case study 72 critical rationalism 125 place names 541 epistemology 207 ethics 211 terrorism 747 exceptionalism 226 location theory 426 time–space expansion 761 geocomputation 275 positivism 559 verticality, politics of 798 geography 288 rational choice theory 620 war 804 idiographic 368 North, Douglass 385 Occupying Powers 508 Kantianism 400 North, the oceans 509–10 Non-Aligned Movement 754 dependency theory 154 law of the sea 415–16 Non-Governmental domestic labour 170 territorial sea 744 Organization. See NGO Eurocentrism 221 O’Connor, James non-place 503, 540 multiculturalism 481 fiscal crisis 255 non-representational time–space compression 758 Marxist economics 446 theory 503–5, 504 urbanization 793 production of nature 590 affect 8–9 North America 492 ODA. See AIDS animals 29 North Atlantic Treaty Oden, Svente 4 biophilosophy 47 Organization (NATO) Odum, Howard T. 185 body 52 Cold War 93 Office of Naval Research Cartesianism 66 multilateralism 482 (USA) 465

1016 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1017 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

Office of Population time-geography 756 Middle East, idea of 460 Research 153 trialectics 776 nationalism 489 Office of Special Operations 318 visualization 803 Occidentalism 507 Official Development Aid OPEC. See Organization of Other/Otherness 515 (ODA) 21 Petroleum Exporting Pax Americana 523 oil 510–11 Countries situated knowledge 684 conflict commodities 107 Open Geospatial 392 subject/subjectivity 729 development 156 open systems 622 textuality 751 economic geography 181 Openshaw, Stan travel writing 774 economic integration 183 data mining 143 travelling theory 775 energy 193 fuzzy sets/fuzzy logic 266 tropicality 777 geopolitics 302 geocomputation 275 origination (travelling petro-capitalism 527–8 geographical analysis machine theory) 775 power 575 (GAM) 281 O’Riordan, T. 205 oil crisis (1973) modifiable areal unit problem Ortiz, Fernando 768–9 energy 193 (maup) 475, 476 Orwell, George 734 Fordism 260 Ophir, A. 667 Oslender, U. 599 North-South 506 Oppenheim, P. 229 Oslo accords 394 O’Keefe, P. 198 opportunity costs 513 O’Sullivan, D. Old World 175 optimization models 513 complexity theory 106 Olds, Chris 386 complexity theory 105 Grand Theory 316 Olds, K. 180 genetic algorithm 271–2 spatial analysis 711 Ollman, Bertell 23 graph theory 316 Other/Otherness 515 Olmsted, Frederick Law 783 heuristic 331 action research 4 Olson, Mancur linear programming 419 adaptation 8 institutional economics 385 quantitative methods 608 alterity 24 social movements 695 satisficing behaviour 664 civilization 87 Olsson, Gunnar Ord, J.K. colonialism 95 cartographic reason 66 diffusion 160 critical geopolitics 122 dialectic(s) 158 spatial autocorrelation 712 cultural geography 132 internal relations 390 Ordnance Survey 67 ethics 213 literature 421 O’Reilly, K. 84 ethnic cleansing 214 modernism 470 Organisation for African Unity ethnicity 214 process 586 (OAU) 629 ethnocentrism 217 space 708 Organisation for Economic Co- geographical imagination 284 Olund, E. 253 operation and Development heterotopia 330 Olwig, K. 409 (OECD) 20 holocaust 337 Olympic Games Organization of Petroleum humanistic geography 358 spectacle 717 Exporting Countries identity 365 sport(s) 718 (OPEC) imaginative geographies 370 ONS Longitudinal Study 662 development 156 imperialism 374 ontology 511–13 economic integration 183 Latin America 413 abstraction 2 energy 193 partition 520 critical geopolitics 122 Fordism 260 primitivism 581 critical human geography 123 North-South 506 psychoanalytic theory 596 culture 136–7 Organization of Solidarity of the racism 618 cybernetics 138 Peoples of Africa, Asia, and rural geography 659 epistemology 206 Latin America 776 segregation 673 Geographic Information Orientalism 513–15 social exclusion 692 Science (GISc) 277 American empire 26 space 709, 710 geography 291, 294 civilization 88 state of nature 724 hermeneutics 329 colonialism 95 tourism 763 human agency 348 critical geopolitics 122 West, the 809 methodology 457 domination 172 Ottoman Empire 460 phenomenology 529 epistemology 207 outsourcing 515–16 postmodernity 568 Eurocentrism 221 Overfishing Convention 108 post-structuralism 572, 573 exploration 232 overpopulation 516 process 587 geography, history of 298 famine 240 qualitative methods 604 geopolitics 301 Malthusian model 434 region 630 historical geography 335 political ecology 546 scale 665 imaginative geographies 370 population geography 552 space 708, 709 imperialism 374 Overton, M. 19, 20 spatiality 716 Latin America 413 Owen, Richard 231 territorialization 745 literature 420 Owens, Charles 69

1017 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1018 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

Oxfam 238 Pareto principle 227 peasant 524–5 Oxford handbook of economic Paris, France adaptation 8 geography, the (Clark, flaneur/flanerie 256 Africa, idea of 10 Gertler, and Feldman) 500 monuments 478 agrarian question 14 Paris Peace Conference agricultural geography 17 Paasi, A. 639 (1919) 264 anti-globalization 32 Pacific Rim 517 Park, Robert E. Boserup thesis 55 Paelinck, Jean 712 Chicago School 79 Brenner thesis 56 Pahl, R.E. 660 ethnicity 216 co-operative 115 Pakistan 628 human ecology 349 decolonization 146 Palestine Kantianism 400 ecological imperialism 175 diaspora 158 Parliament 433 enclosure 192 ethnic democracy 214 parliamentary enclosure 191–2 farming 241 exception, space of 226 Parsons, Talcott feudalism 249 Green Line 317 functionalism 266 food 259 indistinction, zone of 375 Grand Theory 315 genre de vie 273 intifada 394 social theory 698 GreenRevolution 317, 318, 319 Middle East, idea of 460 structural functionalism 725 inheritance systems 383 partition 520 participant observation 519–20 intensive agriculture 389 urbicide 794 action research 5 land tenure 408 Palestinian National applied geography 34 memory 454 Authority 394 children 81 political ecology 546 Pan-American Center for Earth economic geography 180 populism 556 and Environmental qualitative methods 605 primitive accumulation 580 Studies 300 participatory democracy 520 proto-industrialization 595 Pan-American Union 412 participatory geography 554 resource management 650 pandemic 517 partition 520–1 shifting cultivation 682 disease, diffusion of 168 passports 188 subsistence agriculture 731 epidemic 205–6 pastoralism 521–2 underdevelopment 780 virus 800 anti-development 31 Peck, Jamie Pandey, Gyanendra 727 migrancy 461 institutional economics 386 Panel Study of Income nomadism 501 knowledge economy 403 Dynamics 670 transhumance 770 labour geography 404 Panofsky, Erwin 363 Pateman, C. 244 labour market 405 Panopticon 517–18 patenting 171, 522 Peet, Richard disciplinary power 165 patriarchy 522 anarchism 28 post-structuralism 572 AIDS 22 capitalism 62 subject/subjectivity 734 conflict 106 Eurocentrism 221 surveillance 733 division of labour 170 hazard 324 paradigm 518–19 domesticity 172 model 469 camp 57 domination 172 philosophy 531 cartography 67 equality 208 structuralism 725 cartography, history of 71 everyday life 224 People’s Republic of China 103 central place theory 76 feminist geographies 246 Perec, Georges 225 critical rationalism 125 gender 268 perestroika 651–2 dialectic(s) 157, 158 hegemony 327 performance 525–6 economic geography 180 home 341 affect 8 exception, space of 226 property 594 art 36 falsification 239 resistance 647 chronotope 84 geography 289 social formation 692 cultural geography 132 geography, history of 297–8 social geography 693 culture 138 global cities/world cities 305 squatting 719 ethnomethodology 219 local knowledge 423 underclass 779 everyday life 225 metaphor 456 Pavlov, I. 627 film 254 model 469 Pawson, Ray 225 focus group 258 positivism 559 Pax Americana 26, 522–4 geography 289 post-normal science (PNS) 570 Pax Romana 523 geography, history of 299 quantitative revolution 612 pca. See principal components homophobia and relativism 641 analysis heterosexism 344 scientific revolution(s) 669 Peach, Ceri imaginative geographies 371 Sjoberg model 685 social geography 692 interviews and paradigm shift 518 urban geography 785 interviewing 394 Pareto, V.F.D. 519 Pearce, D. 198 landscape 410–11 Pareto optimality 519, 519 Pearson, Egon 362 literature 421

1018 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1019 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

memory 455 Cartesianism 65 rhetoric 655 performativity 526 contextuality 112 social theory 698 post-structuralism 572 cultural landscape 133 spatial science 715 process 587 ethnomethodology 219 teleology 742–3 qualitative methods 604, 605 everyday life 224 time 755 radical democracy 618 habitus 323 utilitarianism 794–5 recreation 625 human geography 354 Philpott, T. security 672 humanism 356 Chicago School 79 space 709 humanistic geography 357 ghetto 303 structuration theory 727 landscape 410 photography 353 subject/subjectivity 730 lifeworld 418 physical geography 531–8, 534, performativity 526–7 music 485 535, 537, 538 community 104 ontology 512 Darwinism 142 discourse 166 philosophy 530 deep ecology 149 emotional geography 189 place 539 geography 292 exception, space of 226 placelessness 542 human geography 350, 351 feminist geographies 247 qualitative methods 603 map 435 gender 268 representation 645 philosophy 530 geographical imagination 284 sense of place 676 positivism 559 geography 291 social construction 690, 691 poverty 574 heteronormativity 329 space 709 realism 623 homophobia and spatiality 716 region 631 heterosexism 344 taken-for-granted world 741 resource management 650 human geography 354 time-geography 756 scale 665 image 369 values 797 system 740 imaginative geographies 371 Phenomenology of Spirit physiography 532–3 performance 525 (Hegel) 528 Piaget, Jean pragmatism 578 Philbrick, A. 634 children 80 process 587 Philippines 355 structuralism 725 queer theory 613 Philo, C. time 755 rural geography 659 rural geography 659 Pick, Georg 426 sexuality 680 society 702 Pickles, J. social construction 691 philosophy 530–1 cartographic reason 66 subject/subjectivity 730 biophilosophy 47 cartography 68 terrorism 749 counterfactuals 119 geography 291 vision and visuality 801 critical rationalism 124–5 space 708–9 periodic market systems 76, 527 critical theory 125 spatiality 716 Pe´rouse, Jean Franc¸ois, Comte deconstruction 147 pids. See private interest de la 231 discourse 166 developments Perraton, J. 310 Enlightenment 193 Piercy, Marge 174 Perroux, Franc¸ois epistemology 207 Piernne, Henri 538 external economies 234 essentialism 210–11 Pile, S. 646 growth pole 320 ethics 211–13 Pincetl, S. 783 institutional economics 385 existentialism 228 Pinch, S. Perry, Clarence 495 explanation 229 collective consumption 94 Persian Gulf War (1990–1). See foundationalism 261–2 industrial district 376 Gulf War geography 290, 293 Pinchot, Gifford 107 Petchenik, B.B. 434 holocaust 338 Pinder, D. Petri, Franz 131 human geography 354 modernism 470 petro-capitalism 527–8 humanism 356 moral landscapes 479 economic geography 181 idealism 363 Pinochet, Augusto 497 economic integration 183 idiographic 368 Pinter, Harold 25 Petty, William 666 literature 420 Piore, M.J. 416 phallocentrism 528 logical empiricism 429 Pirenne thesis 250, 538–9 feminism 243–4 logical positivism 430 Pittsburgh Survey 384 gender 268 Marxism 444 pixel 539 literature 422 modernity 473 neural networks 499 masculinism 448 naturalism 491 remote sensing (RS) 644 quantitative revolution 612 phallocentrism 527 place 539–41 subject/subjectivity 729 phenomenology 528–9 aboriginality 1 pharmaceuticals 49 positivism 557–9 affect 9 Phelan, John 412 pragmatism 577–8 areal differentiation 35 phenomenology 528–9 production of space 590 children 80 body 51 realism 622 co-evolution 92

1019 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1020 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX place (cont’d) topophilia 763 general linear model collective consumption 93 tourism 763 (GLM) 271 colonialism 95 vision and visuality 801 quadrat analysis 603 communication(s) 102 place names 541–2 regression 640 contextual effect 110 cartography 68 Poland 213 contrapuntal geographies 113 exploration 232 Polanyi, Karl cultural politics 134 map 436 capitalism 60, 64 dialectic(s) 158 settlement continuity 678 commodity 99 Disneyfication 168 place utility 145 development 156 economic geography 178 placelessness 542 economy 184 emotional geography 188 non-place 503 exchange 227 entrepreneurship 195 place 540 industrial geography 378 ethics 212 tourism 764 industrialization 380 ethnic cleansing 213 places, space of 498 institutional economics 385 ethnography 218 plague 517 market 441, 442 fieldwork 251 Planck, Max 83 redistribution 625 genius loci 272 planning policing 544–5 genocide 273 anarchism 28 boundary 55 geographical imagination convergence, regional 115 community 104 282–3 growth theory 321 geodemographics 277 geography 288, 290–1 housing studies 347 governmentality 314 geography, history of 299 modernity 471 multiculturalism 481 hegemony 327 new town 501 red-light districts 625 human geography 350, 353 rural planning 660 security 673 industrial geography 376 urban and regional social geography 693 inner city 384 planning 782–3 territoriality 745 integration 388 zoning 816 political citizenship 84 labour geography 404 plantation 542–3 political ecology 545–7 labour market 405 capitalism 62 AIDS 22 labour process 406 colonialism 97 cultural ecology 127–8 land tenure 408 forestry 261 ecology 176 law 414 plastic space 758 economic geography 181 locality 425 Plato environmental history 200 localization 425 deconstruction 147 feminist geographies 247 Marxism 445 epistemology 206 forestry 261 memory 453 metaphor 456 geography 293 mental maps/cognitive mimesis 466 human geography 351 maps 455 universalism 782 intensive agriculture 389 monuments 478 urban and regional International Relations music 485 planning 782 (IR) 391 nation 487 Platonism 682 Marxist geography 447 nationalism 489 Plato’s Ideals 511 peasant 525 nature 493 Plegs League 700 population geography 552 non-place 503 Plekhanov, G.V. probabilism 585 ontology 511, 512 base and superstructure 42 subsistence agriculture 731 philosophy 530, 531 Marxism 444 system 740 place names 541 Pliny the Elder urban ecology 783 political geography 549 image 369 urban nature 788 population geography 552 mimesis 466 water 807 power-geometry 576, 577 Ploszajska, T. 479 political economy 547–9 quantitative methods 610 pluralism 543 agricultural geography 17 redistribution 625 assimilation 38 capitalism 59 regional geography 635 cultural turn 134 commodity 99–100 resistance 647 immigration 372 commodity chain/filiere 101 sense of place 676 PNS. See post-normal science creative destruction 119 social capital 690 Poetivin, G. 5 critical geopolitics 122 social geography 692 Poiker, Tom 281 critical human geography 123 social space 697 Poincare´, Jules-Henri 560 cultural economy 129 space 707 point pattern analysis 543–4 decision-making 145 territory 746 local statistics 424 development 155 theory 752 quadrat analysis 603 diffusion 161 time–space compression 757 spatial analysis 711 existentialism 228 time–space distanciation 760 Poisson regression models 544 farming 241 topography 762 categorical data analysis 73 field system 251

1020 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1021 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

food 259 friends-and-neighbours ecological inference 175 Fordism 260 effect 264 economic base theory 177–8 geographical imagination 283 gentrification 274 economic growth 182 governable space 312 gerrymandering 303 energy 193 governmentality 314 International Relations epidemiology 206 growth theory 322 (IR) 391 ethnic cleansing 213 hazard 324 law 414 ghetto 303 human geography 352 malapportionment 433 global commons 307 industrial geography 377 political ecology 547 local statistics 424 industrial revolution 379 post-industrial society 566 Malthusian model 433–4 law 414 privatization 585 micropolis 459 limits to growth 418 territory 746 neighbourhood 494 location theory 427 terrorism 747 occupation, military 508 model 469 theory 752 overpopulation 516 peasant 524 transgression 770 Postan thesis 560 political ecology 546 tricontinentalism 776 security 672, 673 Postan thesis 560 turf politics 778 tragedy of the commons 766 postmodernity 569 verticality, politics of 798 population archaeology 333 privatization 585 war 804 population density 552 rational choice theory 639 welfare geography 807 carrying capacity 65 regime theory 630 zoning 816 cartogram 66 region 631 Politics (Aristotle) 547 choropleth 83 retailing 653 Pollock, G. 470 Postan thesis 560 space 708 pollution 551–2 population genetics 142 space-economy 711 acid rain 4 population geography 552–4 staples theory 722 compact city 104 ageing 12, 13 war 804 cost-benefit analysis 118 demography 153 political geography 549–51 decentralization 144 environmentalism 205 AIDS 22 environmental economics medical geography 451 anthropogeography 30 198 population density 552 critical geopolitics 121–3 game theory 267 quantitative methods 610 democracy 150 global warming 308 population potential 433, 554–5 ethnic cleansing 213, 214 gross domestic product population projection 555 feminist geographies 245 (GDP) 320 census 74 Geopolitik 302 human geography 351 demography 153 human geography 350, 351 industrialization 380 population geography 553 iconography 363 intensive agriculture 389 population pyramid 154, 555, indistinction, zone of 375 scale 664 555–6 institutionalism 386 system 740 populism 556 public choice theory 598 water 807 culture 136 qualitative methods 603 wetlands 810 farming 242 radical democracy 618 Pomeranz, K. 56 pork barrel 556 redistribution 626 Poovey, Mary 72 electoral geography 188 sexuality 680 Popper, Karl friends-and-neighbours sovereignty 706 Cartesianism 65 effect 264 trade 766 critical rationalism 124, 125 public goods 600 world-systems analysis 813 critical theory 126 port 331 political resistance 646 falsification 238–9 Porteous 763 political technologies 707 historicism 336 Porter, Michael 91, 92 politics. See also geopolitics logical positivism 430 Portes, Alejandro 689 biopolitics, biopower 48 methodological Portugali, J. 106 census 74 individualism 457 positionality 556–7 chorology/chorography 82–3 paradigm 518 contrapuntal geographies 114 citizenship 84 population difference 160 climate 90 Asia (idea of) 37 feminist geographies 245 contextual effect 110 capture–recapture methods 64 interviews and cultural politics 134 carceral geographies 64 interviewing 393 democracy 151 census 75 methodology 458 electoral geography 187–8 Chicago School 80 performance 526 equality 208 classification and post-structuralism 573 famine 240 regionalization 90 power-geometry 576 fascism 242 co-evolution 92 qualitative methods 603 feminism 244 demographic transition 152–3 reflexivity 627 foundationalism 262 demography 153–4 social justice 694

1021 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1022 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX positionality (cont’d) Eurocentrism 221 agricultural geography 17 spatial identity 713 feminist geographies 247 crisis 121 time–space compression 758 gender and development 270 division of labour 169 positive discrimination 186, 557 geo-body 274 economic geography 179 positive feedback 243 geography 289 external economies 235 positive theory 505 historical geography 335 Fordism 260 positivism 557–9 historicism 336 global cities/world cities 305 cartography, history of 70 home 341 industrial geography 377–8 critical human geography 123 homophobia and just-in-time production 398 critical rationalism 125 heterosexism 344 leisure 417 economic geography 179 human geography 352 location theory 428 environmental hazard 198 humanism 356 outsourcing 516 ethnography 219 hybridity 361 postmodernity 569 exploratory data analysis identity 365, 366 regime of accumulation 630 (EDA) 234 imperialism 374 regulation theory 640 extensive research 234 indigenous knowledge 374 Taylorism 742 falsification 239 industrial revolution 379 time–space convergence 759 fieldwork 251 language 411 urban fringe 784 geocomputation 276 liberalism 417 post-Heideggerian hermeneutics 329 Marxism 445 philosophy 133 historical geography 334 memory 455 posthumanism 564–5 homophobia and migrancy 461 anti-humanism 33 heterosexism 344 modernity 474 cultural geography 132 humanistic geography 357 nationalism 488, 489 cyborg 140 instrumentalism 387 nature 494 ethics 213 Kantianism 400 Other/Otherness 515 humanism 356 lifeworld 418 patriarchy 522 post-structuralism 572 logical empiricism 429 philosophy 530 rural geography 659 logical positivism 430–1 place names 541–2 post-industrial city 565 ontology 512 political economy 548–9 city 86 participant observation 520 population geography 553 inner city 384 philosophy 530 positivism 559 post-industrial society 565–6 population geography 553 post-development 563 consumption 108 process 586 postmodernism 568 gentrification 274 quantitative methods 608, 611 post-structuralism 572 information economy 382 radical geography 619 power 576 knowledge economy 401 scientific revolution(s) 669 qualitative methods 603 stages of growth 720 theory 751 race 616 post-Marxism 566 possibilism 559–60 radical geography 620 ideology 368 environmental determinism 197 resource 649 local state 424 geography, history of 297 rural geography 659 post-socialism 571 human agency 347 settler society 679 post-structuralism 572 human geography 351 social theory 699 postmaterialism 566 Kantianism 400 society 703 postmodernism 566–8 probabilism 585 spatial identity 712 cartographic reason 66 Postan, Michael subaltern studies 728 consumption 109 counterfactuals 119 subject/subjectivity 729 counterfactuals 119 Postan thesis 560 third space 753 crisis 121 Postan thesis 560–1 transculturation 768 critical human geography 123 Brenner thesis 56 travel writing 774 critical rationalism 125 feudalism 250 tricontinentalism 776–7 critical theory 126 post-colonialism 561–2 universalism 782 culture 135 Anglocentrism 29 urban geography 786 deconstruction 148 body 51 vision and visuality 801 Enlightenment 194 borderlands 53 West, the 809 essentialism 210 colonialism 95, 96 post-development 562–4 Eurocentrism 221 conflict 106 anti-development 31 geographical imagination 283 critical human geography 123 development 156 geography 293 cultural geography 132 empowerment 191 Grand Theory 315 cultural landscape 133 indigenous knowledge 374 heritage 328 culture 137 political economy 549 human agency 348 deconstruction 148 post-structuralism 572 human geography 352 discourse 167 Third World 754 identity 366 domestication 171 post-Fordism 564 Kantianism 400

1022 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1023 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

leisure 417 global cities/world cities 306 cycle of poverty 141 local knowledge 422, 423 Grand Theory 315 development 155 Marxism 445 heritage 328 dual economy 173 memory 454 hermeneutics 329 famine 240 modernism 470 historical geography 334 financial exclusion 254–5 modernity 471, 473 human agency 348 Fourth World 263 moral landscapes 480 human geography 352, 354 ghetto 303 paradigm 518 humanism 356 Green Revolution 319 philosophy 530 humanistic geography 358 homelessness 343 post-structuralism 572 humanities 359 hunger 359 pragmatism 577, 578 ideology 368 immigration 372 queer theory 612 International Relations industrialization 380 realism 623 (IR) 391 inner city 384 reductionism 627 literature 420 life table 418 relativism 641 local knowledge 423 longitudinal data analysis rhythmanalysis 656 local state 424 (LDA) 431 rural geography 659 Marxism 445 neighbourhood 494 social construction 691 Marxist geography 447 Panopticon 518 social theory 698 masculinism 448 pastoralism 521 spatiality 716–17 methodological political ecology 546 time–space convergence 759 individualism 457 post-development 562 travel writing 774 mimesis 466 quantitative methods 610 universalism 782 model 469 sampling 662 urban geography 785 nature 493 segregation 674 postmodernity 568–70 non-representational slavery 687 feminist geographies 245 theory 503 slum 688 flows 257 ontology 512 social geography 693 placelessness 542 paradigm 518 South, the 704 postmodernism 567 phenomenology 529 squatting 719 post-structuralism 572 philosophy 530 sustainable development 739 post-normal science (PNS) 570, political ecology 547 Third World 754, 755 570–1 political economy 548 underclass 779 Postone, M. 100 population geography 553 urban and regional post-phenomenology 503 postmodernism 567 planning 782 post-positivism 529 postmodernity 569 welfare geography 807 post-socialism 571 power 576 welfare state 808 peasant 525 pragmatism 577, 578 poverty gap 574–5 Second World 670 production of space 592 Poverty Gap Ratio 575 urban geography 786 qualitative methods 603 Powell, Joe 200 post-Soviet era 566 queer theory 612 power 575–6 post-structuralism 571–3 reductionism 627 Anglocentrism 28, 29 action research 5 resistance 647 anti-development 31 animals 29 rural geography 659 balkanization 41 anti-humanism 33 social construction 691 biopolitics, biopower 48 body 51 social justice 694 camp 57 cartography, history of 70 society 701 capitalism 61 citizenship 85 space 709 carceral geographies 64 counterfactuals 119 spatial identity 712 chronotope 84 critical geopolitics 121 spatiality 717 city 85, 86 critical rationalism 125 structuralism 725 civil society 87 cultural geography 131 subject/subjectivity 728 colonialism 94 culture 136–7 text 750 contextuality 112 deconstruction 148 textuality 751 contrapuntal geographies 113 economic geography 180 universalism 782 core–periphery model 115–16 economy 185 post-Westphalian governance 86 critical geopolitics 121–3 environmental history 200 Poulantzas, Nicos critical human geography 123 epistemology 206, 207 mode of production 468 critical theory 126 ethics 212, 213 structuralism 725 cultural economy 129 Eurocentrism 221 poverty 573–4 cultural geography 131 feminist geographies 247 aboriginality 2 cultural landscape 133 flows 257 adaptation 8 cultural turn 135 gender and development 270 apartheid 33 culture 137–8 geographical imagination 283, Chicago School 79 cyberspace 139 284 class 88 Darwinism 143

1023 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1024 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX power (cont’d) rural planning 660 time–space convergence 758 decolonization 145 sacred and profane space 661 prediction 579 devolution 156 scale 665 categorical data analysis 73 difference 159 Sjoberg model 686 forecast 261 disciplinary power 165–6 social theory 699 limits to growth 419 domesticity 172 sovereign power 705–6 location theory 426 domination 172 state 722 visualization 803 egalitarianism 187 taken-for-granted world 741 pre-industrial city 579, 685 empowerment 191 territoriality 744 prejudice 329 enterprise zone 195 territorialization 745 Preobrazhensky, E. exit, voice and loyalty 229 territory 746, 747 agrarian question 16 federalism 243 topography 762 primitive accumulation 581 fieldwork 251 trade 766 preservation 579 flows 257 transculturation 768 Preston, V. 713 focus group 258 verticality, politics of 798 pricing policies 579–80 genealogy 270 violence 799 commodity 99–100 geography 287 war 804 co-operative 115 geography, history of 296, 298 West, the 809 environmental economics 198 global cities/world cities 304 whiteness 810 famine 240 hegemony 327 power formulas 664 farming 241 historical geography 334 power-geometry 576–7 labour theory of value 406 home 341, 342 contrapuntal geographies 114 spatial monopoly 714 human geography 350 Latin America 412 terms of trade 743 humanism 356 occupation, military 508 transfer pricing 769–70 imaginative geographies 370 regional geography 634 transnational corporations indigenous knowledge 375 time–space compression 757 (TNCs) 771 interviews and interviewing 393 time–space expansion 761 value-added 797 laboratory 404 Powers, Gary 643 primary data analysis 580, 670 labour market 405 PPPs. See public-private primate city, the law of 580 labour process 406 partnership prime modernity 327 Latin America 413 practical Orientalism 515 primitive accumulation 580–1 law 415 practice capitalism 62 liberalism 417 body 52 ecological imperialism 175 literature 420 social space 698 oil 511 masculinism 448 pragmatism 577–9 World Social Forum memory 454 critical theory 126 (WSF) 812 moral geographies 479 evidence-based policy 225 primitivism 581–2 moral landscapes 479 hermeneutics 329 aboriginality 1 non-representational human geography 354 civilization 87 theory 504 literature 420 colonialism 98 Panopticon 517 philosophy 531 exploration 233 peasant 524 realism 623 Orientalism 514 performance 525, 526 relativism 641 state of nature 724 performativity 526 taken-for-granted world 741 Prince, H.C. 282–5 philosophy 530 Prakash, M.S. 31 principal components analysis pluralism 543 Pratt, G. (pca) 582 policing 544, 545 qualitative methods 606 factor analysis 237 political ecology 546 topography 762 factorial ecology 237 positionality 556 Pratt, Lee 280–1 general linear model positivism 559 Pratt, Minnie Bruce 713 (GLM) 271 post-structuralism 572 Prebisch, Rau´l 154 Principles of Economics power-geometry 576 precision 662 (Marshall) 495 pragmatism 578 Pred, Allan prisoner’s dilemma 267, 582 prisons 583 behavioural geography 44 prisons 582–3 process 587 contextuality 111 adaptation 8 public choice theory 598 decision-making 144 bare life (‘naked life’) 42 qualitative methods 603 dialectic(s) 158 human geography 354 quantitative methods 609 industrial geography 377 Panopticon 517 race 617 literature 421 Pritchard, Edward Evans 265 realism 622 local–global relations 424 private and public spheres 583–4 regime theory 630 media 450 cadastral mapping 57 resistance 647 modernism 470 civil society 87 restructuring 652 satisficing behaviour 664 consumption 109 rural geography 659 time-geography 756 home 341

1024 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1025 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

law 414 globalization 310 cadastral mapping 57 liberalism 417 household 346 capital 58 public geographies 599 just-in-time production 397–8 capitalism 59 regime theory 630 Marxism 444 citizenship 84 rights 656 mode of production 468 common property regimes 102 subject/subjectivity 729 neo-Ricardian economics 498 communism 103 Private Finance Initiative 601 peasant 524 difference 159 private interest developments placelessness 542 feudalism 250 (pids) 584–5 trade 764 gated communities 268 privatization 585 transaction costs 767–8 inheritance systems 383 common pool resources 102 production complex 184, 589 Intellectual Property Rights exit, voice and loyalty 229 Production of commodities by means (IPR) 388–9 governance 313 of commodities, The land tenure 408–9 Green Revolution 319 (Sraffa) 498 law 414 primitive accumulation 581 production of nature 589–90 primitive accumulation 580 spatial monopoly 714 cultural landscape 133 public space 602 topography 762 economic geography 181 rights 656 welfare state 808 geography 293 sacred and profane space 661 World Social Forum materialism 449 squatting 719 (WSF) 812 nature 493 tragedy of the commons 767 World Trade Organization production of space 590 vision and visuality 801 (WTO) 813 recreation 625 property rights 440 PRIZM 276 production of space 590–2, 591, propinquity 594 probabilism 197, 585 592 proportionality shift 681 probabilistic designs 662 abstraction 2 prostitution 594–5 probability body 51 red-light districts 625 Bayesian analysis 43 children 81 slavery 687 Markov process (or Markov critical theory 126 Protestant Reformation 364 chain) 443 dialectic(s) 157 proto-industrialization 378, 595 risk 657 Euclidean space 220 proximity 747 uncertainty 779 everyday life 224 Prudham, S. 389 probability map 586 flows 257 Pryke, M. Probyn, E. 730 geography 294 film 254 process 586–7 heterotopia 330 visual methods 802 Chicago School 80 human geography 351 Przeworski, Adam 445 diffusion 160 Marxism 445 psychic resistance 646–7 disease, diffusion of 168 modernism 470 psychoanalytic theory 595–7 geography 294 philosophy 531 abjection 1 philosophy 531 place 540 affect 8 Proctor, J. 643 post-structuralism 572 body 50 producer services 587 recreation 625 critical theory 125 global cities/world cities 305 rhythmanalysis 656 emotional geography 189 services 677 scale 665 feminist geographies 247 product life cycle 587–9 space 708 flows 257 profit cycle 593 spatiality 716 gender 268 transaction costs 768 subject/subjectivity 730 geographical imaginary 282 production trialectics 776 geographical imagination 284 agglomeration 14 productivity 592–3 homophobia and capitalism 59 Fordism 260 heterosexism 344 class 88–9 Green Revolution 318 human agency 348 collective consumption 93 regional policy 638 idealism 364 command economy 98 von Thu¨nen model 803 identity 365 communism 103 profit 498 ideology 367 comparative advantage 105 profit cycle 588, 593 imaginative geographies 370 cost structure 118 progress landscape 410 cultural economy 129 Asia (idea of) 37 ontology 512 dependency ratio 154 historicism 336 Other/Otherness 515 domestic labour 171 progressive liberalism 548 performativity 527 economies of scale 183–4 proletariat 580 post-structuralism 572 ethnography 218 Prometheanism queer theory 612 exchange 227 limits to growth 419 resistance 646 factors of production 237–8 underdevelopment 780 sexuality 680 global cities/world cities 304, property 593–4 social exclusion 692 305 bioprospecting 48–9 society 701, 703

1025 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1026 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX psychoanalytic theory (cont’d) exit, voice and loyalty 229 extensive research 234 spatial identity 712 post-industrial city 565 geographically weighted subject/subjectivity 728, 729 urban and regional regression (GWR) 286–7 psychogeography 597–8 planning 783 global cities/world cities 306 situationists/situationism 685 urban human geography 353 urban exploration 784 entrepreneurialism 783–4 interviews and Ptolemy urban renewal 790 interviewing 393 chorology/chorography 83 welfare state 808 location quotient 425 globe 311 Pudup, M.B. 635 longitudinal data analysis regional geography 633 Pulido, Laura (LDA) 431 public administration 313, 598 activism 6 measurement 449–50 public choice theory 598 urban ecology 783 methodology 458 public finance 598, 598–9 modifiable areal unit problem public geographies 599 al-Qaeda 748, 749 (maup) 475 applied geography 34 quadrat analysis 603 multi-level models 483 geographical imagination 285 point pattern analysis 544 positivism 559 geography 295 spatial analysis 711 qualitative methods 603, 606 media 450 quadtree 603, 620 quantitative revolution 611 travelling theory 775 Qualidata 704 realism 622 public goods 599–600 qualitative methods 603–6 regional science 638 education 186 cartography 67–8 software for quantitative electoral geography 188 decision-making 145 analysis 704 exit, voice and loyalty 229 economic geography 180 spatial analysis 711 pork barrel 556 e-social science 209 transport geography 773 public choice theory 598 feminist geographies 245 trend surface analysis 775 public finance 598 focus group 258 universalism 782 territoriality 745 human geography 353 visualization 803 Tiebout model 755 humanistic geography 357 quantitative revolution 611–12 Public Participation GIS intensive research 389 abstraction 2 (PPGIS) 279 interviews and interviewing 393 cartography 67 public policy, geography and 600 language 411 central place theory 76 census 74 methodology 458 critical rationalism 124 ethnicity 216 performance 526 economic geography 179 evidence-based policy 225 population geography 553 empiricism 191 geography 295 positionality 556 exceptionalism 227 ghetto 303 questionnaire 613 explanation 229 gravity model 317 realism 622 factor analysis 237 housing studies 347 sampling 662 falsification 239 migration 462 social geography 693 general systems theory 271 quantitative methods 610–11 software for qualitative geocomputation 275 regional policy 636–8 research 703–4 Geographic Information relevance 642 subject/subjectivity 731 Systems (GIS) 280 underclass 779 surveying 737 geography 288–9 public services 601–2 quality of life 606–7 geography, history of 298 exit, voice and loyalty 229 accessibility 2 human geography 353 services 677 gross domestic product hypothesis 362 social well-being 700 (GDP) 320 idiographic 368 urban entrepreneurialism 783 health and health care 325 industrial geography 377 urban social movement 790 post-industrial city 565 instrumentalism 387 welfare state 807, 808 postmaterialism 566 local knowledge 422 public space 602 skid row 687 location theory 426 equality 208 social well-being 700 locational analysis 429 film 254 quango 598, 607 logical positivism 430 gated communities 268 quantitative methods 607–11 military geography 465 private and public spheres 584 Bayesian analysis 43 neo-classical economics 496 radical democracy 618 categorical data analysis 73–4 normative theory 505 rights 656–7 classification and paradigm 518 skid row 686 regionalization 90 positivism 559 social exclusion 691 cost-benefit analysis 118 qualitative methods 603 public sphere. See private and disease, diffusion of 168 quantitative methods 607 public spheres ecological inference 175 rational choice theory 639 public-private partnership economic geography 179 reductionism 627 (PPPs) 600–1 exploratory data analysis region 631 collective consumption 94 (EDA) 234 retailing 653

1026 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1027 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

science/science studies 667 ethnicity 214, 215 Kantianism 400–401 scientific revolution(s) 669 feminist geographies 247 local knowledge 422 spatial science 714, 715 focus group 258 mode of production 468 system 740 genocide 272 plantation 543 theory 751 gentrification 274 prisons 583 urban geography 785 geography, history of 297 psychoanalytic theory 597 queer geography 344 ghetto 303 race 615 queer theory 612–13 hegemony 327 segregation 674 AIDS 22 historical geography 335 settler society 679 body 51 home 342 situated knowledge 683 critical human geography 123 homo sacer 344 social geography 693 domination 172 household 346 social theory 699 ethics 212 housing studies 347 subject/subjectivity 729, 730 feminist geographies 247 identity 365 terrorism 748 gender 269 ideology 367 underclass 779 geographical imagination 284 imperialism 374 whiteness 810 homophobia and inequality, spatial 381 Radcliffe-Brown, Alfred 265 heterosexism 344 institutional economics 385 radical contingency 577 law 414 interviews and radical democracy 618–19 performativity 526 interviewing 393 liberalism 417 political geography 550 labour geography 404 private and public spheres 584 post-structuralism 572 life expectancy 418 subject/subjectivity 729 radical geography 620 minor theory 467 radical geography 619–20 rural geography 659 modifiable areal unit problem anarchism 27 sexuality 680–1 (maup) 475 children 80 subject/subjectivity 729 monuments 478 class 89 Quesnay, Franc¸ois neighbourhood 494 critical human geography 123 economy 184 non-representational cultural geography 131 labour theory of value 406 theory 505 economic geography 179 questionnaire 613–14 Other/Otherness 515 ethics 212 domestic labour 171 political geography 550 functionalism 266 extensive research 234 population geography 553 geography 295 focus group 258 public space 602 human geography 352 interviews and recognition 623 industrial geography 377 interviewing 393 slavery 687 philosophy 531 sampling 663 social geography 693 political geography 550 survey analysis 734 social justice 694 quantitative methods 608 Quincey, Thomas de 597 sovereign power 705 rational choice theory 639 quota method 662 sport(s) 718 reductionism 627 subject/subjectivity 728 society 703 R (software) 703 suburb/anization 732 urban exploration 784 race 615–17 universalism 782 welfare geography 807 AIDS 22 urban geography 785 radical pluralism 578 biopolitics, biopower 48 urban managers and Raffles, Hugh 520 caste 72 gatekeepers 788 Ramon-Garcia, M.D. census 74 whiteness 810 feminist geographies 247 Chicago School 79 racial districting 617, 626 gender 269 children 81 racial profiling 616 Ramsar Convention 810 class 88 racialization 617 Rand McNally 67 climate 90 ethnicity 215–17 range of a good 76 colonialism 95 segregation 674 rank-size rule 620 critical geopolitics 122 racism 617–18 primate city, the law of 580 cultural geography 131 abjection 1 quantitative revolution 611 cultural turn 134 body 51 urban geography 785 cycle of poverty 141 Chinatown 82 Rappaport, Roy diaspora 159 colonialism 94 adaptation 8 difference 159, 160 decolonization 146 cultural ecology 128 domination 172 environmental racism 203–4 raster 620 ecological fallacy 174 environmentalism 205 cellular automata 74 education 187 fascism 242 digital cartography 162 empire 190 feminist geographies 245, 247 digitizing 163 environmental justice 201 Geopolitik 302 geocoding 275 epistemology 206 holocaust 337 Geographic Information equality 208 housing studies 346 Science (GISc) 278

1027 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1028 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX raster (cont’d) critical rationalism 124, 125 gerrymandering 303 pixel 539 critical theory 126 modifiable areal unit problem point pattern analysis 544 discourse 166 (maup) 476 quadtree 603 economic geography 179 racial districting 617 vector data 798 explanation 230 red-light districts 594, 625 rational abstraction 2 exploratory data analysis redlining 626 rational actor theories 695 (EDA) 234 housing studies 347 rational choice theory 620–1 extensive research 234 suburb/anization 732 agent-based modelling 13 gender 268 urban managers and analytical Marxism 27 geocomputation 276 gatekeepers 788 economic geography 179 geography 293 reductionism 626–7 economy 185 human agency 347 co-evolution 92 game theory 267 humanistic geography 357 culture 136 industrial geography 377 intensive research 389 environmentalism 205 location theory 427 internal relations 390 Latin America 413 Marxism 445 law (scientific) 415 Rees, J. 588 methodological locality 425 reflexivity 627–8, 628 individualism 457 location theory 427 cybernetics 138 migrancy 461 Marxism 445 ethics 213 neo-classical economics 495–6 methodology 458 feminist geographies 245 population geography 553 ontology 512 fieldwork 251 public choice theory 598 patriarchy 522 geography 295 reductionism 626 philosophy 530 interviews and satisficing behaviour 664 political economy 548 interviewing 393 universalism 782 positivism 559 methodology 458 von Thu¨nen model 803 power 575 positionality 557 rationalism pragmatism 578 qualitative methods 604 capitalism 60 process 586 risk society 658 critical rationalism 124–5 qualitative methods 606 structuration theory 726 market 442 retroduction 654 Reformation 222 paradigm 518 social construction 690 refugees 628–30 Ratzel, Friedrich structuralism 725 asylum 39 anthropogeography 30 realm 138 camp 58 Berkeley School 45 reciprocal-lineage mode 813 environmental refugees 204 Darwinism 142 Reclus, Elise´e exception, space of 226 diffusion 160 anarchism 27 homophobia and environmental critical human geography 123 heterosexism 344 determinism 197 geography, history of 296 immigration 371 functionalism 266 radical geography 619 migration 464 geography 290 socialism 700 partition 521 Geopolitik 302 recognition 623 time–space expansion 761 Lebensraum 416 feminist geographies 247 travel writing 774 political geography 549, 550 radical democracy 619 war 806 Raudenbush, S.W. 663 subject/subjectivity 728 regime of accumulation 630 Ravenstein, George 462, 463 Reconquista 538 flexible accumulation 256–7 Ravetz, Jerome 570 reconstruction 623–4 Fordism 260 Rawls, John 694 recreation 624–5 Kondratieff waves 403 Ray, B. 695 leisure 416–17 nation-state 489 Razack, Sherene 679 sport(s) 718 post-Fordism 564 Reagan, Ronald and tourism 763–4 regulation theory 640 administration recursiveness 726 restructuring 651 geopolitics 301 recycling 192, 625 tariff 741 market 442, 443 redistribution 625–6 regime theory 630 neo-liberalism 497 equality 208 region 630–2 political economy 548 Pareto optimality 519 economic geography 179 postmodernism 567 state 723 Europe, idea of 222 privatization 585 urban origins 789 functionalism 266 restructuring 653 redistributive-tributary geography 290–2 World Social Forum mode 813 governable space 312 (WSF) 812 redistricting 626 homeland 343 Reaganomics 653 classification and human geography 353 realism 621–3 regionalization 90 innovation 385 abstraction 2 deliberative mapping 150 investment 396 critical geopolitics 121 electoral geography 188 knowledge economy 401

1028 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1029 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

locality 425 regionalization. See classification relevance 642 moral geographies 479 and regionalization activism 5 music 485 regions economic geography 179 nodal region 501 areal differentiation 35 instrumentalism 387 place 539 regional policy 636 political geography 551 regionalism 639 society 702 positivism 559 secession 670 regression 639–40, 640 public geographies 599 settlement continuity 678 Bayesian analysis 43 public policy, geography space 707 categorical data analysis 73 and 600 spatial identity 712 collinearity 94 quantitative revolution 612 urban fringe 784 correlation 116 religion 642–3 world-systems analysis 814 ecological fallacy 174 alienation 23 regional alliance 632 economic base theory 178 caste 72 regional cycles 632 endogeneity 192 city 85 regional geography 632–6 general linear model civilization 87–8 areal differentiation 35 (GLM) 271 Europe, idea of 222 chorology/chorography 82 geographically weighted family reconstitution 239 economic geography 180 regression (GWR) 286–7 ghetto 303 environmentalism 205 gravity model 316 liberalism 417 epistemology 207 instrumental variables 387 logical positivism 430 genre de vie 273 local statistics 424 neighbourhood 494 geography 288, 291 location theory 426 partition 521 human geography 350 logit regression models 431 postmodernism 568 idiographic 368 log-linear modelling 431 race 615 industrial revolution 378 measurement 450 secularism 671–2 knowledge economy 401 multi-level models 483 social geography 693 Latin America 413 Poisson regression subject/subjectivity 729 Marxism 445 models 544 territoriality 745 military geography 465 prediction 579 tourism 763 nomothetic 502, 503 quantitative methods 608 urban origins 789 region 631 space-time forecasting values 797 regional policy 637 models 711 remote sensing (RS) 643–4 society 703 spatial autocorrelation 711 cartography 67 war 804 trend surface analysis 775 digital cartography 162 regional policy 636–8 regression coefficient 639 factor analysis 237 convergence, regional 115 regulation theory 640–1 fractal 263 producer services 587 agro-food system 21 genocide 273 regional science 638–9 crisis 121 Geographic Information economic geography 179 economic geography 179 Systems (GIS) 279 gravity model 316 fiscal crisis 255 geo-informatics 299 industrial geography 377 Fordism 260 Global Positioning Systems local knowledge 422 functionalism 266 (GPS) 308 location theory 426 industrial geography 377 heuristic 331 locational analysis 429 intensive agriculture 389 land use and land-cover change methodological regime of accumulation 630 (LULC) 409 individualism 457 restructuring 653 land-use survey 411 neo-classical economics 496 Reich Foundation for map 434 New Economic Geographical Studies 338 military geography 465 Geography 500 Reichenbach, Hans 430 neural networks 499 population geography 553 Reign of Terror 747 public policy, geography quantitative revolution 611 Reimer, S. 101 and 600 rational choice theory 621 relational database 641, 798 raster 620 regional cycles 632 relational space 512 Renaissance shift-share model 681 relative deprivation models 111 environmental Regional Science relative space 708 determinism 197 Association 638–9 relativism 641 episteme 206 regional spaces 639 critical rationalism 125 Europe, idea of 222 regionalism 639 geography, history of 299 humanism 356 bioregionalism 49 participant observation 520 humanistic geography 357 devolution 157 positionality 556 humanities 358 regime theory 630 postmodernism 567 iconography 363 scientific revolution(s) 670 postmodernity 569 identity 364 state 723 science/science studies 667 representation 645 universalism 782 social construction 690 scientific instrumentation 668

1029 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1030 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX rent 644–5 research field system 251 bid-rent curve 46 action research 4–5 fieldwork 251 capital 58 critical rationalism 125 gender and development 270 capitalism 61 cultural turn 134 human geography 350 conflict commodities 107 extensive research 234 investment 395 farming 241 Geographic Information metaphor 456 feudalism 249–50 Science (GISc) 277–9 natural resources 490–1 growth coalitions 320 geography 288 Pareto optimality 519 location theory 426 geo-informatics 299–300 political ecology 546 oil 510–11 global cities/world cities 306 prisoner’s dilemma 582 opportunity costs 513 intensive research 389 tragedy of the commons staples theory 722 participant observation 766–7 von Thu¨nen model 803 519–20 resource allocation 519 rent gap 645, 645 reflexivity 628 ‘resource curse’ 527 Renting, H. 259 sampling 661 resource economics 649 re-ordering 52 science park 668 resource evaluation 649–50 repeated measures analysis 432 software for qualitative resource management 650 representation 645–6 research 703–4 environmental economics action research 5 thick description 753 197 Cartesianism 66 research and development 522 geo-informatics 299 cartographic reason 66 Research Assessment natural resources 490 cartography, history of 70 Exercise 187 political ecology 545 critical human geography 123 resistance 646–7 prisoner’s dilemma 582 cultural geography 132 anti-globalization 31 resource 648 democracy 151 conflict 106 resource evaluation 649 dialectic(s) 158 critical geopolitics 122 resource wars 650–1 epistemology 207 critical human geography 123 environmental security 204 feminist geographies 247 critical theory 125 just war 397 fieldwork 251 cultural politics 134 war 804 Geographic Information decolonization 145, 146 resources 660 Science (GISc) 277, 278 difference 160 restructuring 651–3 geographical imagination 282, enclosure 192 economic geography 179 284 film 253 information economy 382 geography 288 gender and development 270 Kondratieff waves 403 geography, history of 296 genealogy 270 locality 425 idealism 364 home 341 social reproduction 697 imaginative geographies 370 labour market 406 sunk costs 733 law 414 land tenure 409 retailing 653–4 literature 420 political economy 548 behavioural geography 44 mental maps/cognitive power 576 central business district maps 455 qualitative methods 605–6 (CBD) 76 mimesis 466 social reproduction 697 central place theory 76 modernism 469 terrorism 747 consumption 108 modernity 471 transgression 770 periodic market systems 527 music 484 West, the 808 reterritorialization 53 non-representational World Social Forum RETORT 718 theory 503–5 (WSF) 812 retroduction 654 ontology 512 Resnick, Stephen A. retrogressive approach 654, 654 post-structuralism 572 base and superstructure 42–3 retrospective approach 654, 654 qualitative methods 604–6 essentialism 210 revealed preference analysis 654 realism 621, 623 Marxist economics 445 decision-making 145 regional geography 635 resort life-cycle model 647, 647–8 utility theory 795 rhetoric 655 resource 648–9 revivification 775 rhythmanalysis 656 capital 58 revolution rights 656 common pool resources 102 Agricultural Revolution 19–20 sampling 661 common property regimes 102 critical theory 125 scale 664 competitive advantage 105 Green Revolution 317–19 social space 698 conflict 106 industrial revolution 378–80 time–space compression 757 conflict commodities 107 peasant 525 trialectics 776 continental shelf 112 quantitative revolution 611–12 virtual geographies 800 cultural ecology 128 scientific revolution(s) 669–70 reproduction, social. See social decision-making 144 Revolution in Military Affairs reproduction economic geography 181 (RMA) Repton, Humphry 479 energy 193 time–space compression 758

1030 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1031 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

war 805 Ripley, B.D. 704 Romanes, George 407 Reza Shah Pahlavi (shah of risk 657–8 Rome World Food Summit 359 Iran) 511 cosmopolitanism 117 Romer, Paul 182 rhetoric 655 decision-making 144 Roosevelt, Franklin D. 93 language 411 field system 251 Roosevelt, Theodore 107 literature 422 financial exclusion 254 Rorty, Richard metaphor 456 hazard 323 Cartesianism 65 populism 556 modernization 475 cartographic reason 66 situated knowledge 683 political ecology 547 critical theory 126 rhizome 655 population geography 554 deconstruction 148 nomadology 502 risk society 658 essentialism 210 post-structuralism 573 security 673 foundationalism 262 virus 800 terrorism 748 hermeneutics 329 Rhodes, R. 313 uncertainty 779 literature 420 rhythmanalysis 655–6 urban entrepreneurialism 783 philosophy 531 film 254 risk society 658 pragmatism 577, 578 production of space 592 environmental hazard 199 realism 623 ribbon development 656 environmentalism 205 relativism 641 conurbation 114 hazard 324 social theory 698 sprawl 719 security 673 Rosaldo, R. 636 suburb/anization 732 Ritter, Karl 290 Rose, D. 247 Ricardo, David Ritvo, Harriet 200 Rose, Gillian Boserup thesis 53–4 RNA 350 discourse analysis 168 capital 58 Robbins, L. 495 everyday life 224 labour theory of value 406, 407 Robbins, Paul feminist geographies 245, 247 neo-liberalism 497 environmental history 200 geographical imagination 284 neo-Ricardian economics 498 production of nature 589 geography 287 plantation 543 Robinson, Arthur global commons 306 Postan thesis 560 cartography 67 governable space 312 resource 648 map 434 interviews and tariff 741 Robinson, G.W.S. 228 interviewing 393 trade 766 Robinson, Jennifer landscape 410 Rich, Adrienne 466 global cities/world cities 306 masculinism 448 Richards, I.A. 456 urban geography 786 qualitative methods 605 Richards, P. 400 urbanism 792 reflexivity 627 Richardson, S. 671 urbanization 793–4 situated knowledge 684 Rickert, Heinrich Robinson, W.S. space 709 idiographic 368 ecological fallacy 174 Rose, Mitch Kantianism 400 modifiable areal unit problem landscape 411 Ricoeur, Paul 655 (maup) 475 thick description 753 Rigby, D. 27 Robinson projection 435 Rose, Nikolas 417 rights 656–7 Robson, B. 384 Rossiter, D.J. 476 cadastral mapping 57 Rockefeller, John D. 511 Rostow, W.W. camp 57 Rockefeller Foundation 318 growth theory 321 children 81 Rodenstein-Rodan, Paul 321 industrialization 380 citizenship 84 Roe, E. 50 stages of growth 720–1 continental shelf 112 Roemer, John teleology 743 difference 159 analytical Marxism 27 underdevelopment 780 enclosure 191 capitalism 61 Rouse, Joseph equality 208 Marxist economics 445 local knowledge 423 ethics 212, 213 rogue state 486, 658 science/science studies 667 ethnic democracy 214 Rojas Mix, Miguel 412 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques geography 294 Roma (gypsies) deconstruction 147 liberalism 417 ghetto 304 state of nature 724 multiculturalism 481 holocaust 337 Routledge International Studies property 593, 594 Roman Empire of Women and Place 245 subject/subjectivity 729 homo sacer 344 Roy, A. 688 trade 766 imperialism 373 Royal Geographical Society welfare state 808 Pax Americana 523 (RGS) Riis, Jacob 384 Pirenne thesis 538 Africa, idea of 9 Rio Conference (1992) race 615 colonialism 97 environmental security 204 regional geography 632 education 187 sustainability 738 settlement continuity 678 exploration 231 sustainable development 739 sovereign power 706 geographical societies 286

1031 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1032 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

Royal Geographical Society domination 172 culture 135 (RGS) (cont’d) exploration 232 diffusion 160, 161 geography 290, 293 geographical imagination 283 environmental history 199 geography, history of 296 historical geography 335 fieldwork 251 military geography 465 imaginative geographies 370 geography, history of 297–8 scientific instrumentation 668, imperialism 374 historical geography 333 669 Latin America 413 landscape 409 scientific revolution(s) 670 literature 420 Landschaft 411 trust 778 Middle East, idea of 460 morphology 480 Royal Geographical Society/ nationalism 488–9 nature 493 Institute of British Occidentalism 507 possibilism 560 Geographers 187 Orientalism 513–14 Saunders, P. 423 RS. See remote sensing Other/Otherness 515 Saussure, Ferdinand de Rugendas, Johann 232 power 576 deconstruction 147 Ruggie, J.G. 482 spatial identity 713 representation 646 Rummel, R.J. 273 subaltern studies 727 Sauvy, Alfred 754 rural geography 658–60 textuality 751 Savarka, Vinayak Damodar 331 collective consumption 94 travel writing 774 Saxenian, Annelee homelessness 343 travelling theory 775 entrepreneurship 195 peasant 524–5 tricontinentalism 776 institutional economics 386 sexuality 680 St. Petersburg, Russia 436 Sayer, Andrew society 702 Salais, M. 376 abstraction 2 rural planning 660, 660 Salmond, A. 232 division of labour 170 rural–urban continuum 660 sampling 661–4 extensive research 234 Rushton, G. 609, 610 Bayesian analysis 44 Fordism 260 Ruskin, John 31 capture–recapture methods 64 industrial geography 377 Russia economic base theory 178 internal relations 390 agrarian question 14 evidence-based policy 225 realism 622, 623 heartland 327 induction 375 scale 664–6, 665 primitive accumulation 581 interviews and abstraction 2 reconstruction 624 interviewing 393 agro-food system 21 Russian Revolution 469 methodology 458 analogue 26 rustbelt 660 primary data analysis 580 artificial intelligence 37 deindustrialization 150 quantitative methods 608 census 75 labour market 405 significance test 682 children 81 Ryan, J.R. 298 survey analysis 734, 735 commodity chain/filiere 101 Ryle, Gilbert Samuel, M.D. 328 community 103 local knowledge 422 Samuelson, Paul 495, 496 convergence, regional 115 thick description 753 Sanchez, Luis Alberto 413 digital cartography 163 Sandel, Michael 103 ethnography 218 Saarinen, T. 44 Sanger, Peter 350 feminist geographies 245 Sabel, C.F. 416 Sangtin Writers Collective 604 food 259 Sacerdote, Bruce 387 Santa Croce, Tuscany fractal 263 Sachs, C. 241 flexible accumulation 257 geographical imaginary 282 Sachs, Jeffrey industrial district 376 geography 291 poverty 573–4 Santana, D.B. 413 geo-informatics 300 reconstruction 624 Santare´m, viscount de 69 historical geography 333 Sack, Robert David Sardar, Z. 514 home 342 ethics 212 Sarkar, Sumit 727 household 345 moral geographies 479 Sartre, Jean-Paul 444 imperialism 373 spatial separatism 715 Sassen, Saskia innovation 385 territory 746 global cities/world cities 305 investment 395 Sacks, Harvey 219 urban geography 786 knowledge economy 401 sacred and profane space 661 satisficing behaviour 664 labour geography 404 religion 643 location theory 427 land use and land-cover change social space 698 rational choice theory 621 (LULC) 409 Safe Cities Programs 149–50 sustainability 737 local state 423 Sahara 155 Sauer, Carl Ortwin local–global relations 424 Sahel drought 155 art 36 locality 425 Said, Edward Berkeley School 45 location theory 428 Africa, idea of 9, 12 biogeography 47 macrogeography 433 colonialism 95 cultural geography 130 map 434–7 contrapuntal geographies 113, cultural hearth 133 map projection 438 114 cultural landscape 133, 134 microsimulation 459

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INDEX

migration 463 abstraction 2 Scott, Allen J. modifiable areal unit problem Cartesianism 65 boundary 55 (maup) 475 cartographic reason 66 external economies 235 nation 487 cartography 67 externalities 235 neighbourhood unit 495 case study 72 global cities/world cities 305 Other/Otherness 515 conservation 107 Grand Theory 315 political geography 550 cosmography 116 industrial district 376 public administration 598 critical human industrial geography 377 segregation, measurement geography 123–4 institutional economics 385, 386 of 675 critical rationalism 124 learning regions 416 social area analysis 689 economic geography 180 location theory 426, 427 social geography 692 Enlightenment 193 transaction costs 768 society 702 environmentalism 205 Scott, James 647 South, the 705 exceptionalism 226–7 Seabright, P. 129 sovereign power 705 exploration 230–1 Seager, J. 245, 247 territorialization 746 falsification 239 search behaviour 144, 670 theory 752 farming 242 Sebald, W.G. 794 third space 754 flows 257 secession 670, 706 topography 762 genius loci 272 Second International Congress of urban social movement 791 geography 293 Geographical Sciences 9 von Thu¨nen model 803 geography, history of 297, 298 Second Intifada 394 world-systems analysis 814 Green Revolution 318 Second Life 140 Scandinavia 541 historical geography 335 second nature 493 Schaefer, Frederick indigenous knowledge 374 Second World 670 exceptionalism 226–7 laboratory 404 Cold War 93 geography, history of 298 law (scientific) 415 North-South 506 Kantianism 399 local knowledge 423 South, the 705 logical positivism 430 locational analysis 429 Second World War space 708 logical empiricism 429 capitalism 63 Schaffer, Simon 667, 668 materialism 449 Cold War 93 Schatzski, T.R. 112 model 469 decolonization 145, 146 Scheffler, S. 460 modernity 471 development 155 Schelling, T.C. 13 naturalism 491 ethnic cleansing 213 Schleiermacher, F. 328 objectivity 507 exceptionalism 226–7 Schlesinger, Arthur 699 paradigm 518–19 farming 241 Schlick, Moritz 430 phenomenology 529 film 253 Schluter, Otto 45 political ecology 545, 547 ghetto 303 Schmitt, Carl positivism 558, 559 holocaust 337 exception, space of 225 postmodernity 568 immigration 371, 372 market 442 post-normal science International Monetary Fund nomos 502 (PNS) 570–1 (IMF) 390 Schoenberger, E. qualitative methods 604 map reading 439 decision-making 145 race 616–17 Middle East, idea of 460 Taylorism 742 regional science 638–9 military geography 465 Schorske, C.E. 478 relativism 641 modernization 474 Schumm, S.A. 291 scientific revolution(s) 669 multilateralism 482 Schumpeter, Joseph secularism 671 new town 501 creative destruction 119 situated knowledge 683 NIDL 500 imperialism 373 spatial science 714–15 political geography 549 Schurman, R. 389 travel writing 774 restructuring 652 Schu¨tz, Alfred travelling theory 775 terrorism 747 ethnomethodology 219 trust 777–8 urban renewal 790 everyday life 224 visualization 802 urbicide 794 phenomenology 529 West, the 809 secondary data analysis 670–1 social construction 690 scientific instrumentation 668–9 data archive 143 Schutzian phenomenology 418 climate 91 sampling 663 science and technology studies exploration 231 secondary markets 345 (STS) globe 311 Secondspace 776 actor-network theory (ANT) 6 scientific law. See law (scientific) second-wave feminism 243, 244 assemblage 38 scientific revolution(s) 669–70 section 671 nature 493 geography,historyof 296,297–8 sectoral model 671 network(s) 499 science/science studies 666 growth pole 320 science park 416, 668 Scope and method of political multiple nuclei model 484 science/science studies 666–8 economy, The (Keynes) 505 zonal model 815

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INDEX secularism 565, 671–2 genius loci 272 diaspora 159 security 672–3 music 485 difference 159, 160 biosecurity 49 territoriality 745 disability 165 carceral geographies 65 tourism 764 domination 172 consumption 109 separatism, spatial. See spatial egalitarianism 187 contrapuntal geographies 114 separatism epistemology 206 critical geopolitics 122 September 11, 2001 terrorist feminist geographies 247 environmental security 204 attacks gender 269 ethnic cleansing 214 civilization 88 heteronormativity 329–30 governmentality 314 commodity 100–1 home 342 Middle East, idea of 460 conflict 106 homo sacer 344 militarism 464 empire 190 homophobia and segregation 674 geopolitics 301 heterosexism 344 surveillance 733 hazard 325 household 346 territory 747 homeland 343 ideology 367 terrorism 748 Kantianism 401 imperialism 374 topophilia 763 Middle East, idea of 461 interviews and war 806 multiculturalism 481 interviewing 393 Sedlmeier, P. 664 multilateralism 482, 483 non-representational Segal, R. 509 Occidentalism 508 theory 505 segregation 673–4 oil 511 Orientalism 514 agent-based modelling 13–14 outsourcing 516 performativity 527 apartheid 33 racism 618 phallocentrism 527 balkanization 41 regional alliance 632 political geography 550 census 75 religion 643 population geography 553 chain migration 78 South, the 705 post-structuralism 572 communication(s) 102 terrorism 748 prostitution 594–5 cultural geography 132 violence 799 psychoanalytic theory 597 domination 172 sequence analysis 431, 432, queer theory 612 education 187 676–7 radical geography 620 ethnicity 216 sequent occupance 677 recognition 623 factorial ecology 237 Berkeley School 45 rural geography 659 ghetto 303 settlement continuity 678 slavery 687 neighbourhood 494 vertical theme 798 social construction 691 quantitative methods 610 serfdom. See feudalism social geography 693 social geography 692, 693 services 677–8 social reproduction 697 spatial mismatch 713 industrialization 380 society 702 suburb/anization 732 linkages 419 sovereign power 705 urban ecology 783 post-industrial city 565 subject/subjectivity 728, 729 urban geography 785 producer services 587 travel writing 774 segregation, measurement productivity 593 urban geography 785 of 675–6 public services 601–2 whiteness 810 self 348 retailing 653 shadow state 618, 681 self-determination 676 Tiebout model 755 Shakespeare, William 297 balkanization 41 set theory 226 Shaler, Nathaniel development 155 settlement, spontaneous 718 geography, history of 296 Selfhood 365 settlement continuity 678–9 Lamarck(ian)ism 408 Sellars, Wilfred 491 place names 541 Shannon, C.E. 382 Semple, Ellen Churchill sequent occupance 677 Shapin, Steven Berkeley School 45 settler society 679 science/science studies 667 Darwinism 143 immigration 371 scientific revolution(s) 669–70 environmental terra nullius 743 trust 778 determinism 197 set-up sunk costs 733 sharecropping 681 Lamarck(ian)ism 408 sex 268, 679 Sharp, J. 122 law 414 sexuality 679–81 Shatz, H.J. 395 Sen, Amartya AIDS 22 Shaw, M. 806 hunger 360–1 art 36 Sheffield cutlery 375–6 Malthusian model 434 biopolitics, biopower 48 Sheppard, E. poverty 574 body 51 analytical Marxism 27 sense of place 676 children 81 contrapuntal geographies 114 bioregionalism 49 colonialism 95 space-economy 710 case study 72 critical geopolitics 122 spatiality 717 cultural landscape 133 cultural geography 131, 132 Shevky, E. 689 epistemology 207 cultural turn 134 shifting cultivation 54, 681–2

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INDEX shift-share model 681 situated knowledge 683–5 Sjoberg model 686 Shoah 337 Anglocentrism 29 trade 765–6 shock therapy 624 body 51 violence 799 Shotter, J. 655 contextuality 112 slum 688 Sibley, B. 28 critical theory 127 new town 501 Sibley, David epistemology 207 squatting 719 psychoanalytic theory 596–7 ethics 213 underclass 779 social exclusion 691, 692 feminist geographies 245 urbanization 794 sideways linkages 419 fieldwork 251 slums Sierra Club 107 geographical imagination 284 Africa, idea of 12 significance test 234, 682 geography 289 ghetto 303 Silent Spring (Rachel hermeneutics 328 segregation 674 Carson) 551 imaginative geographies 370 small-scale maps 664 Silicon Valley interviews and Smith. A.R. 4 clusters 92 interviewing 393 Smith, Adam flexible accumulation 257 local knowledge 422 capital 58 industrial district 376 minor theory 466 capitalism 59, 60 industrial geography 378 objectivity 507 cosmopolitanism 117 investment 396 ontology 512 cultural economy 129 learning regions 416 participant observation 520 economic growth 181 Silver, Timothy 199 Pax Americana 524 economy 184 SimBritain project 683 philosophy 531 exchange 227 Simmel, Georg positionality 556 governmentality 314 market 441 public geographies 599 industrialization 380 modernity 472 qualitative methods 604 labour theory of value 406, morphology 480 quantitative revolution 612 407 social theory 698 reflexivity 627 market 439, 441 territoriality 745 relativism 641 metaphor 456 Simmons, Ian social construction 690 neo-liberalism 497 environmental history 200 space 710 political economy 547 intensive agriculture 389 spatial identity 712–13 poverty 574 Simon, Herbert theory 752 tragedy of the commons 766 decision-making 144 travelling theory 775 Smith, Adam T. 789 industrial geography 377 vision and visuality 801 Smith, Adrian 296 satisficing behaviour 664 Situationist International Smith, C. 667 Simone, A.M. 688 (SI) 685 Smith, C.J. 600 Simonsen, K. situationists/situationism 685 Smith, David M. contextuality 111 anarchism 27 ethics 212 feminist geographies 247 art 36 inequality, spatial 381 gender 269 everyday life 225 location theory 427 Orientalism 515 modernity 473 music 485 simple random sample psychogeography 597 relativism 641 (SRS) 662–3 spectacle 718 rent gap 645 simulacrum 682 urban exploration 784 social geography 693 cyberspace 139 urbicide 794 social justice 694–5 image 369 Sjoberg, Gideon values 797 postmodernity 569 pre-industrial city 579 welfare geography 807 tourism 764 Sjoberg model 685, 686 Smith, J. Russell 178, 179, 181 simulation 682–3 Sjoberg model 579, 685–6 Smith, M.L. 789 agent-based modelling 13 Skertchley, S.B.J. 533 Smith, Michael Peter decision-making 144 skid row 686–7 global cities/world cities 306 diffusion 160 Skinner, B.F. 627 urbanism 792 e-social science 209 Skinner, Q. 315 Smith, Neil geocomputation 275 Skinner, William 81 American empire 25–6 innovation 384 Slater, D. 221 capitalism 62 mean information field slavery 687–8 economic geography 181 (m.i.f.) 449 capitalism 62 empire 190 prediction 579 census 74 environmental hazard 198 sampling 664 colonialism 94–6 Marxist geography 447 virtual geographies 800 feudalism 249 production of nature 589–90 Sinclair, Iain 597 imperialism 373 production of space 592 Sinfield, A. 367 mode of production 468 rent 644 Singer, J. 593, 594 plantation 542, 543 skid row 686 Sioh, M. 370 section 671 spatiality 717

1035 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1036 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

Smith, Neil (cont’d) network society 498 communication(s) 102 uneven development 781, 782 post-industrial city 565 Enlightenment 193–4 urban geography 785, 786 poverty 574 environmental movement 202 Smith, R. sacred and profane space 661 farming 242 metageography 456 segregation 674 food 259 urban geography 786 social geography 693 Green Revolution 319 Smith, R.M. 478 underclass 780 inequality, spatial 380 Smith, S. 604, 605 zone of dependence 816 political ecology 547 Smith, S.J. 452 Social Exclusion Unit 780 political geography 550 Smooha, Sammy 214 social formation 692 postmodernity 570 smooth space 502 children 81 resistance 647 Snijders, T.A.B. 664 feudalism 249 social geography 693 Snow, C.P. 293 restructuring 653 social justice 694 Snow, John social geography 692–4 urban social movement 790–1 medical geography 451 ageing 13 social network 696 point pattern analysis 543–4 anarchism 28 communication(s) 102 snowball sampling 662 census 75 migration 463, 464 snowbelt. See sunbelt/snowbelt census tract 75 network(s) 499 social area analysis 688–9 cultural geography 130–1 social space 697 census 75 feminist geographies 245 squatting 719 census tract 75 functionalism 266 system 739 factorial ecology 237 human geography 351 social overhead capital social space 697 indistinction, zone of 375 (SOC) 382 subject/subjectivity 728 institutionalism 386 social physics 696 zonal model 815 medical geography 452 gravity model 316 social capital 689–90 mobility 467 population geography 553 capital 58 pluralism 543 social production 665 cultural capital 127 population geography 554 social relations of social network 696 pragmatism 578 production 335 Social Change and Economic process 586 social reproduction 696–7 Life (SCELI) 425 qualitative methods 603, 604 accumulation 4 social citizenship 84 quantitative methods 609, 610 children 81 social construction 690–1 radical democracy 619 collective consumption 93 AIDS 22 sexuality 680 cultural ecology 127–8 cartography 68 social construction 690–1 domestic labour 171 children 81 social exclusion 691 domesticity 171 gender 268 society 702 home 341 geography, history of 299 subject/subjectivity 728 household 346 hazard 324 social gerontology 12 human ecology 348 ideology 368 Social Impact Assessment leisure 416 International Relations (SIA) 201 life course/life-cycle 418 (IR) 391 social justice 694–5 restructuring 651 limits to growth 419 AIDS 22 scale 665 mental maps/cognitive critical human society 702 maps 455 geography 123–4 subsistence agriculture 731 methodology 458 education 186 social rights 656 performativity 527 environmental justice 201 social science realism 623 ethics 213 epistemology 206 representation 646 hazard 324 e-social science 209 scale 665 home 341 essentialism 210 situated knowledge 683 inequality, spatial 381 ethnicity 214 social geography 693 life expectancy 418 Social Science Research Council subject/subjectivity 728 moral geographies 478 (SSRC) 599 Social Darwinism public finance 598 social space 480, 697–8 Darwinism 142 regional policy 636 social theory 698–700 political geography 549 shadow state 681 body 50 social exclusion 691–2 social geography 693 class 88 assimilation 38 territorial justice 744 contextuality 111 census 75 urban nature 788 critical human geography 123 consumption 109 urban social movement 791 geographical imagination 283 feminism 243–4 social mobility 467 geography 294 Fourth World 263 social movements 695–6 glocalization 312 inner city 384 back-to-the-city movement 41 Grand Theory 315 moral geographies 479 city 86 historical geography 334

1036 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1037 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

holocaust 338 world-systems analysis 813 North-South 506 human geography 351 Society and Space (journal) post-development 563 identity 364 social theory 699 postmodernity 570 ideology 366 space 708 slum 688 Marxism 444 Society for Conservation subaltern studies 728 model 469 Biology 46 Third World 755 region 631 Society for Human transnational corporations society 701 Exploration 784 (TNCs) 772 spatial structure 715 Society for the Preservation of the urbanization 793 time–space distanciation 759 Wild Fauna of the urbicide 794 social well-being 700 Empire 108 South Africa quality of life 606 sociology 34 apartheid 33 territorial justice 744 So¨derstro¨m, O. 702 development 156 socialism 700–1 software for qualitative ethnic cleansing 213 command economy 98 research 703, 703–4 homeland 342 commodity 99 data archive 143 suburb/anization 732 communism 103 digitizing 164 South America 233 convergence, regional 115 general linear model South Korea. See Korea, South development 156 (GLM) 271 sovereign power 705–6 factors of production 238 software for quantitative bare life (‘naked life’) 41 gender and development 269 analysis 704 camp 57 Green Revolution 317 Geographic Information critical geopolitics 121 kibbutz 401 Systems (GIS) 279–81 exception, space of 225–6 liberalism 417 sequence analysis 677 feudalism 249 market 441 software for qualitative homo sacer 344 mode of production 468 research 703 indistinction, zone of 375 peasant 524 survey analysis 736 just war 397 political economy 548 Soja, Edward memory 455 populism 556 exopolis 229 performativity 527 post-socialism 571 geography 294 political geography 550 privatization 585 historicism 336–7 violence 799 radical geography 620 postmodernism 568 war 804 restructuring 652 production of space 590 sovereignty 706–7 situationists/situationism 685 social theory 699 borderlands 53 Third World 754 society 703 disciplinary power 165 society 701–3 spatiality 716, 717 economy 185 city 86 third space 754 governable space 312 civil society 86–7 trialectics 775–6 multilateralism 482 community 103–4 urban origins 789 regime theory 630 corporatization 116 Sokal, Alan 293 sovereign power 705 critical human geography 123 Somerville, Mary territorial integrity 744 geographical imagination 283 physical geography 532 territorial sea 744 geographical societies 285–6 science/science studies 666 territory 746 household 346 Sorj, B. transnational corporations market 441 farming 241 (TNCs) 772 moral geographies 479 substitutionism 731 utility theory 795 network society 498 Sorre, Max 692 verticality, politics of 798 ontology 511 South, the 704–5 world-systems analysis 814 policing 545 capitalism 62 Soviet Union (USSR) political ecology 545, 547 children 81 development 155, 156 population geography 553 conflict commodities 107 Europe, idea of 223 post-industrial society 565–6 dependency theory 154 heartland 326 public space 602 domestic labour 170 North-South 506 relativism 641 domestication 171 post-socialism 571 restructuring 653 environmental history 200 regional alliance 632 risk society 658 Eurocentrism 221 remote sensing (RS) 643 secularism 671 geographical imaginary 282 restructuring 651–2 settler society 679 geography 290 Second World 670 social theory 698, 700 indigenous knowledge 374 slavery 687 stages of growth 721 industrial geography 378 spatial monopoly 714 time–space distanciation 759 multiculturalism 481 Soysal, Y. 84 tropicality 777 nationalism 488 space 707–10. See also time– utopia 795 nation-state 489 space entries values 797 neo-liberalism 497 affect 9

1037 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1038 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX space (cont’d) quantitative revolution 611 complexity theory 105 anthropogeography 30 resistance 647 consumption 110 boundary 55 rhythmanalysis 655 critical geopolitics 122 capitalism 62 rights 656–7 disciplinary power 165 carceral geographies 64 risk society 658 distance decay 169 children 80 sacred and profane space 661 electoral geography 187 chronotope 83 security 672 entropy-maximizing models 196 collective consumption 93 sexuality 679, 680 existentialism 228 communication(s) 102 social geography 692 general linear model contrapuntal geographies 113 social space 697–8 (GLM) 271 critical human geography 123 spatiality 715–17 geocomputation 275–6 critical theory 126 territoriality 744 Geographic Information cultural landscape 133 territorialization 745 Science (GISc) 277–9 cultural politics 134 territory 746 Geographic Information cyberspace 139–40 theory 752 Systems (GIS) 279–81 defensible space 149–50 third space 753–4 geographical analysis machine dialectic(s) 157 time 755 (GAM) 281 Disneyfication 168 time-geography 756 geography 292 economic geography 178 time–space distanciation 760 geo-informatics 299 emotional geography 188 time–space expansion 761 macrogeography 433 entrepreneurship 195 transgression 770 process 586 ethnic cleansing 213 travelling theory 775 social geography 692 ethnography 218 trialectics 776 space 708 Euclidean space 220 tropicality 777 utopia 795 Eurocentrism 221–2 urban geography 784 spatial autocorrelation 711–12 exception, space of 225–6 verticality, politics of 798 economic geography 179 feminism 244 vision and visuality 801 general linear model feudalism 250 war 804 (GLM) 271 fieldwork 251 space, production of. See human geography 352 geo-body 274 production of space quadtree 603 geographical imagination space of exception. See exception, quantitative methods 608 282–3, 285 space of sampling 663 geography 290–1 space syntax 644, 710 spatial analysis 711 geography, history of 298, 299 Space Syntax Laboratory 710 spatial econometrics 712 governable space 312 space-economy 710–11 Spatial Data Handling historical geography 334 analytical Marxism 27 conference 278 human geography 350, 353 growth pole 321 spatial econometrics 712 hyperspace 362 human geography 351 Bayesian analysis 44 imaginative geographies 371 industrial revolution 378 endogeneity 192 indistinction, zone of 375 location theory 427 general linear model industrial geography 377 neo-classical economics 496 (GLM) 271 inequality, spatial 380–1 New Economic Geography 499 quantitative methods 608 integration 387 space 708 spatial autocorrelation 712 Kantianism 399 time–space compression 757 stochastic process 724 law 414 space-time spatial fetishism 712 Marxism 445 hyperspace 362 geography 294 modernity 471, 472 spatiality 716 space 708 moral landscapes 479 space-time forecasting spatial separatism 715 nationalism 489 models 711 spatial formations 709 nature 493 everyday life 224 spatial identity 712–13 network society 498 forecast 261 spatial inequality ontology 511, 512 process 586 public services 601 performance 525–6 Spain redistribution 625 philosophy 530 race 615 spatial interaction 713 place 539, 540 regional policy 637 complementarity 105 political geography 549 urban and regional distance decay 169 population geography 552 planning 782 economic geography 179 postmodernity 569 Spanish influenza pandemic 517 entropy 195 power-geometry 576 Sparke, M. 122 entropy-maximizing process 587 spatial analysis 711 models 196 production of space 590–2 areal differentiation 35 fuzzy sets/fuzzy logic 266 public space 602 census 75 gravity model 316 qualitative methods 609 classification and intervening opportunities 393 quantitative methods 610 regionalization 90 mobility 467

1038 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1039 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

normative theory 505 phenomenology 528 commodity 100–1 Poisson regression models 544 philosophy 530 cultural economy 128 quantitative methods 607 population geography 553 modernity 473 spatial autocorrelation 712 process 586 situationists/situationism 685 spatial econometrics 712 qualitative methods 603 sport(s) 718 transferability 770 quantitative methods 608–11 vision and visuality 801 transport costs 773 quantitative revolution 611 war 806 transport geography 773 radical geography 619 Spencer, Herbert 698 spatial mismatch 713–14 rational choice theory 639 Spengler, Joseph 720 accessibility 3 realism 623 Spinoza, Baruch underclass 779 reductionism 627 affect 8–9 spatial monopoly 714 regional geography 633, 634 biophilosophy 47 spatial practices 776 scientific revolution(s) 669 ethics 213 spatial science 714–15 social space 697 Marxism 445 abstraction 2 space 708 naturalism 492 AIDS 22 spatial analysis 711 ontology 512 art 36 spatial fetishism 712 state of nature 724 chorology/chorography 83 spatiality 716 Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty diffusion 160 subject/subjectivity 728 critical geopolitics 121 distance decay 169 theory 751 foundationalism 262 economic geography 179 time–space convergence 758 subaltern studies 727 economy 185 transport costs 773 tricontinentalism 776 epistemology 207 universalism 782 spontaneous settlement 718 Euclidean space 220 urban geography 785 sport(s) 624, 718 Eurocentrism 221 urban origins 789 sprawl 719 everyday life 224 visualization 802 accessibility 3 exceptionalism 227 von Thu¨nen model 803 Alonso model 24 existentialism 228 spatial separatism 715 central business district explanation 229 space 708 (CBD) 76 geocomputation 275 spatial fetishism 712 centrifugal and centripetal geographical imagination 282, spatial structure 715 forces 78 285 democracy 151–2 compact city 104 geography 289, 292 distance decay 169 conurbation 114 geo-informatics 299 macrogeography 433 counter-urbanization 119 Grand Theory 315 metageography 455 edge city 186 hermeneutics 329 process 586 fractal 263 historical geography 333 quantitative methods 608 green belt 317 historicism 336 spatiality 716 megalopolis 453 human geography 351 spatiality 715–17 metropolitan area 459 humanism 356 body 51 new town 501 hypothesis 362 Chicago School 79 ribbon development 656 imaginative geographies 370 colonialism 95, 97 suburb/anization 732 innovation 384 ethnography 218 transport geography 773 Kantianism 399 exception, space of 226 urbanization 793 landscape 409 hermeneutics 329 zoning 816 law 414 homophobia and Spry, I.M. 722 literature 420 heterosexism 344 SPSS 704 local knowledge 423 industrial district 376 Spykman, Nicholas 301 local statistics 424 literature 420 squatting 719–20 locational analysis 428 minor theory 466 barrio 42 logical positivism 430 philosophy 530 city 86 longitudinal data analysis pragmatism 578 homelessness 343 (LDA) 432 settler society 679 populism 556 macrogeography 433 sexuality 679 slum 688 metaphor 456 territoriality 745 spontaneous settlement 718 military geography 465 trialectics 776 urbanization 793 model 468 trust 778 Sraffa, Piero modernism 470 urban ecology 783 analytical Marxism 27 modifiable areal unit problem Special Economic Zones location theory 427 (maup) 475 (SEZs) 263–4 neo-Ricardian economics 498 morphology 480 special geography Stackelberg game 267 nomothetic 502 chorology/chorography 83 Staeheli, L. ontology 512 regional geography 632 relevance 642 paradigm 518 spectacle 717–18 urban geography 787

1039 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1040 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

Stafford, H.A. 588 growth pole 320 tragedy of the commons 766 stages of growth 720–1 growth theory 321 transnationalism 772 industrialization 380 human geography 350, 351 turf politics 778 transnational corporations imperialism 373 urban origins 789 (TNCs) 772 internal relations 390 urban social movement 790 stagnation 648 International Relations vertical theme 798 Stahl, R. 464 (IR) 391 violence 799 Stalin, Joseph labour theory of value 406 war 804 Cold War 93 law 414 welfare state 807–8 famine 240 Lebensraum 416 West, the 809 terrorism 747 liberalism 417 world-systems analysis 814 Stalinism 444 local state 423–4 zone of dependence 816 Stallybrass, P. 770 market 442 state apparatus 724 Stamp, Dudley 411 metageography 456 census 74 Stanley, Henry Morton 778 money and finance 477 geo-body 274 staples 14 multiculturalism 481 private interest developments staples theory 240, 721–2 multilateralism 483 (pids) 584 Starbucks Coffee Company 238 nation-state 489–90 public administration 598 Starr, Amory 32 neo-liberalism 497 public finance 599 Stasiulis, D. 679 nomadology 502 public services 601 Stassart, P. 259 partition 520 public-private partnership state 722–4 peasant 524 (PPPs) 600 agricultural geography 17 policing 545 quango 607 anti-development 31 political ecology 546 regime theory 630 biosecurity 49 political economy 547 shadow state 681 Boserup thesis 54 political geography 549 state 723 camp 57 populism 556 welfare state 807, 808 carceral geographies 64 power 576 state formation 498 census 74 primitive accumulation 580 state mapping 274 chain migration 78 prisoner’s dilemma 582 state of nature 171, 724 city 85 prisons 583 statistics civil society 86 private and public spheres 584 Bayesian analysis 43 collective consumption 93 privatization 585 census 74 colonialism 94, 97 property 593 climate 90 command economy 98 public choice theory 598 collinearity 94 commodity chain/filiere 101 public goods 599, 600 correlation 116 communism 103 public policy, geography entropy-maximizing community 104 and 600 models 196 conflict commodities 107 public services 601 exception, space of 226 consumption 109 public space 602 general linear model corporatization 116 qualitative methods 604 (GLM) 271 Darwinism 142 recognition 623 geographically weighted decolonization 145 redistribution 626 regression (GWR) 286–7 domination 172 regional policy 638 gravity model 316 economic geography 180 regionalism 639 hypothesis 362 enclave 191 regulation theory 640 local statistics 424 endogeneity 192 restructuring 652, 653 Markov process (or Markov ethnic cleansing 213 rhizome 655 chain) 443–4 ethnicity 214, 216 rights 656 New Economic exception, space of 226 rogue state 658 Geography 500 exclave 228 secession 670 quantitative methods 607, 608 famine 240 secularism 671, 672 regression 639–40 fascism 242 shadow state 681 significance test 682 federalism 243 slavery 687 space-time forecasting feminist geographies 248 social reproduction 697 models 711 fiscal crisis 255 society 701, 702 stochastic process 724 frontier 264 sovereign power 705 statistics, local. See local statistics gated communities 268 sovereignty 706 Stea, David gender and development 269 stages of growth 720 children 80, 81 geographical imaginary 282 state apparatus 724 mental maps/cognitive geography 290 subject/subjectivity 729 maps 455 Geopolitik 302 territorialization 745 psychogeography 597 governance 313 terrorism 747 Stein, S. 273 Green Revolution 318 time–space distanciation 760 Stendhal 84

1040 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1041 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

Stengers, Isabelle 7 cartography, history of 70 ethnicity 214 Steuart, Sir James 426 everyday life 224 feminist geographies 247 Stevenage, England 501 Grand Theory 315 gender 268 Steward, Julian 128 habitus 323 genealogy 270 Stewart, John Q. 433 human geography 352 geographical imagination 283 Stewart, Mart 199 identity 364 governmentality 314 Stiglitz, Joseph 440 Marxism 444 humanism 356 stochastic process 724 methodological identity 365 categorical data analysis 73 individualism 457 ideology 367, 368 logit regression models 431 mode of production 468 minor theory 467 Markov process (or Markov modernism 470 Other/Otherness 515 chain) 443 philosophy 530 performance 525 microsimulation 459 postmodernity 569 performativity 527 multi-level models 483 post-structuralism 571–3 phenomenology 529 Poisson regression models 544 subject/subjectivity 729 philosophy 531 simulation 683 thick description 753 place 540 stock resources 490, 491 structuration theory 725–7, 726 political economy 548 Stoddart, David contextual effect 110 positionality 556 Darwinism 142 contextuality 111 post-structuralism 573 ecosystem 186 everyday life 224 psychoanalytic theory 596, geography 289, 290 Grand Theory 315 597 Stoker, L. 663 habitus 323 radical democracy 619 Stoler, Ann historical geography 334 rights 656 ethnography 218 historical materialism 336 structuralism 725 race 615 human agency 347 topography 762 Storper, Michael human geography 352 subordination 656 economic growth 182 humanistic geography 357 sub-Saharan Africa 506 external economies 235 locale 424 subsidiarity 731 flexible accumulation 257 modernization 475 subsistence agriculture 731 industrial district 376 place 540 farming 241 institutional economics 386 population geography 553 peasant 524 transaction costs 768 process 587 shifting cultivation 682 Stott, Philip 200 quantitative methods 609 substitutionism 731 Stouffer, S.A. 392–3 realism 623 farming 241 Strabo region 631 limits to growth 419 areal differentiation 35 risk society 658 suburb/anization 731–2 chorology/chorography 82–3 social geography 693 back-to-the-city movement 41 philosophy 530 spatiality 716 central business district regional geography 632, 634 subject/subjectivity 729 (CBD) 76 war 804 time 755 centrifugal and centripetal Strahler, N. 295 time-geography 756 forces 78 strategic reallocation 733 time–space distanciation 759, city 86 Strathern, Marilyn 228 760 commuting 104 stratified sampling Structure of scientific revolutions, consumption 109 sampling 663 The (Kuhn) 518 counter-urbanization 119 survey analysis 736 Sturgis, P. 736 decentralization 144 Strauss, Leo 442 subaltern studies 727–8 ethnoburb 217 Strohmayer, U. 699 civilization 87 exopolis 229 structural adjustment 724–5 contrapuntal geographies 114 feminist geographies 246 aid 21 decolonization 147 film 254 anti-globalization 31 hegemony 327 fiscal crisis 255 development 156 music 485 hegemony 327 International Monetary Fund post-development 563 housing studies 347 (IMF) 390 post-structuralism 572 inner city 384 privatization 585 Third World 754 metropolitan area 459 restructuring 652 tricontinentalism 777 post-industrial city 565 structural functionalism 725 Subaltern Studies Collective 72 private and public spheres 583 adaptation 8 subject/subjectivity 728–31 segregation 673 functionalism 265 abjection 1 social exclusion 691 Grand Theory 315 affect 8 spatial mismatch 713 Sjoberg model 685 body 51 sprawl 719 system 740 children 81 urban fringe 784 structural violence 798 cultural geography 132 urban geography 785 structuralism 725 ethics 213 water 807

1041 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1042 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX suburb/anization (cont’d) cadastral mapping 57 systems analysis whiteness 810 geo-informatics 299 adaptation 8 zonal model 815 globe 311 process 586 zoning 816 governable space 312 system 740 succession. See invasion and methodology 458 urban system 791 succession scientific instrumentation 668 Suez Crisis 460 Suskind, Ron 523 Tacitus 508 Sugg, K. 455 sustainability 737–9 Taiwan suicide 621 compact city 104 NIDL 500 Sullivan, L.H. 472 conservation 107 South, the 705 Sullivan, W. 104 energy 193 Takacs, D. 46 Sully, Maximilien Be´thune, Duc Green Revolution 317 taken-for-granted world 741 de 222 hazard 324 globalization 309 Summers, Lawrence 64 land use and land-cover lifeworld 418 sunbelt/snowbelt 732–3 change (LULC) 409 spatiality 716 product life cycle 588 physical geography 537 Taliban 522 rustbelt 660 political ecology 546 Tallensi 265 sunk costs 238, 733 sustainable development 739 Tansley, A.G. 185 Sunley, Peter tragedy of the commons 766 Tarde, Gabriel 7 institutional economics 386 urban ecology 783 tariff 741 knowledge economy 401 sustainable development 739 agrarian question 14 Super Profiles 277 anti-development 31 comparative advantage 105 superstructure. See base and Environmental Impact transfer pricing 769 superstructure Assessment 201 World Trade Organization supply and demand 548 geography 292 (WTO) 813 surface 733 land use and land-cover Taylor, A. 253 isolines 396 change (LULC) 409 Taylor, Eva 297 trend surface analysis 775 wetlands 810 Taylor, Frederick W. 741 surplus swiddening 682 Taylor, Griffith neo-Ricardian economics 498 Swidler, A. 104 Austral(as)ia, idea of 39 redistribution 625 Swyngedouw, Erik Darwinism 143 surrealism 685 economic geography 181 Lamarck(ian)ism 408 surveillance 733–4 glocalization 312 Taylor, P. carceral geographies 64 social justice 694, 695 metageography 456 children 81 syllogism 666 urban geography 786 consumption 109 symbolic interactionism 739 Taylor, Peter J. crime 120 ethnomethodology 219 anarchism 28 defensible space 150 identity 364 distance decay 169 epistemology 207 lifeworld 418 global cities/world cities 306 gated communities 268 qualitative methods 603 modifiable areal unit problem geography, history of 298 social construction 691 (maup) 475, 476 Global Positioning Systems syntax 330 quantitative revolution 612 (GPS) 308 system 739–40 world-systems analysis 814 military geography 465 agro-food system 20–1 Taylorism 260, 741–2 policing 544 civilization 87 technology prisons 583 critical theory 126 actor-network theory prostitution 594 cybernetics 138 (ANT) 7 remote sensing (RS) 643 ecosystem 185–6 biotechnology 49–50 segregation 674 feedback 243 cartography 67, 68 territoriality 745 field system 250–1 cartography, history of 72 time–space distanciation 760 functionalism 266 children 81 virtual geographies 800 general systems theory 271 co-evolution 92 survey analysis 734–7 geography 294 commodity chain/filiere 101 categorical data analysis 73 Grand Theory 315 communication(s) 102 children 81 human geography 351 commuting 104 decision-making 144 information theory 382 creative destruction 119 interviews and inheritance systems 383 cybernetics 139 interviewing 393 periodic market systems 527 cyberspace 139–40 primary data analysis 580 quantitative methods 608 cyborg 140 quantitative methods 610 realism 622 entrepreneurship 195 questionnaire 613 structural functionalism 725 e-social science 209–10 sampling 661 urban system 791 farming 241–2 surveying 737 world-systems analysis 813–14 geocoding 275 surveying 737 systematic sample 662 geocomputation 275–6

1042 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1043 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

Geographic Information community 103 music 485 Science (GISc) 277–9 cultural geography 132 post-structuralism 572 geo-informatics 299–300 devolution 157 qualitative methods 605, 606 Global Positioning Systems domination 172 travel writing 774 (GPS) 307 enclave 191 textuality 751 globalization 309 ethnicity 215 imaginative geographies 370 Green Revolution 318 ethnocracy 217 literature 420 institutional economics 386 exclave 228 post-structuralism 572 Intellectual Property Rights export processing zone qualitative methods 605 (IPR) 388 (EPZ) 234 thick description 753 Internet 391–2 geo-body 274–5 Thatcher, Margaret interoperability 392 geography 290 capitalism 63 Kondratieff waves 403 geopolitics 301 globalization 309 labour process 406 human geography 350, 354 inner city 384 staples theory 722 just war 397 market 441–3 transaction costs 767 map 434 neo-liberalism 497 transnationalism 772 multilateralism 482 political economy 548 virtual geographies 799 nationalism 488 privatization 585 war 805 nation-state 489 society 701 West, the 809 occupation, military 508 World Social Forum techno-Orientalism 515 partition 521 (WSF) 812 telecommuting 104 policing 545 Theil, Henri 382 teleology 742–3 political geography 549 thematic apperception test 44–5 Boserup thesis 54 public goods 599, 600 theodolite 668 historicism 336 public services 601 Theodossopoulos, D. 408 Lamarck(ian)ism 408 regional policy 637 theology 205 stages of growth 720, 721 secession 670 theory 751–3 television 567 section 671 contextuality 112 temporalities 716 security 673 critical rationalism 124 terms of trade 743 self-determination 676 culture 136 agrarian question 15 sovereignty 706 decolonization 146 agro-food system 21 space 707 ecofeminism 174 trade 765 state 722 economic geography 179, 180 World Trade Organization territorial integrity 744 empiricism 191 (WTO) 813 territoriality 744 geocomputation 275 terra nullius 264, 743 verticality, politics of 798 geographical explanation territorial integrity 744 war 804 machine (GEM) 282 territorial justice 744 terrorism 747–9, 749 geography 289 public goods 600 biopolitics, biopower 48 Grand Theory 315 public services 601 carceral geographies 65 identity 366 welfare geography 807 conflict 106 ideology 368 welfare state 807 contrapuntal geographies 114 location theory 426 territorial sea 744 critical geopolitics 123 normative theory 505–6 contiguous zone 112 hazard 324 positivism 558, 559 continental shelf 112 homeland 343 public choice theory 598 territoriality 744–5 just war 397 quantitative methods 607 border 52 Kantianism 401 stages of growth 721 devolution 157 law of the sea 415 subject/subjectivity 731 governable space 312 market 442 Therivel, R. 201 neighbourhood 494 Middle East, idea of 461 Thernborn, G. 110 private interest developments Orientalism 515 thick description 753 (pids) 585 Pax Americana 523 historicism 336 territorialization 745 prisons 583 text 750 territory 746 religion 643 Third Estate 754 territorialization 745–6 rogue state 658 Third Italy territory 746–7 secession 670 industrial district 376 anthropogeography 30 security 673 industrial geography 378 Austral(as)ia, idea of 39 territorial integrity 744 Third Reich biopolitics, biopower 48 violence 799 camp 57 border 52, 53 war 804 genocide 272 cartography, history of 71 text 749–51 holocaust 337 Chicago School 79 cartography 68 homeland 342 collective consumption 93 cultural geography 131 location theory 426 colonialism 95 digitizing 163 population geography 553

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INDEX third space 753–4 Thompson, D’Arcy 480 postmodernity 569 activism 6 Thompson, E.P. process 587 anarchism 28 forestry 261 production of space 592 indistinction, zone of 375 historical geography 334 rhythmanalysis 656 production of space 590 Thompson, Edgar T. 543 risk society 658 resistance 647 Thompson, G. 182 time–space distanciation 759 spatiality 717 Thompson, J.B. time–space expansion 761 subject/subjectivity 730 ideology 368 tourism 763 trialectics 776 media 450 travelling theory 775 Third United Nations Thompson, W.R. 588 trialectics 776 Conference on the Law of Thorne, L. 21 time-geography 756, 756–7 the Sea (UNCLOS III) 112 threshold for a good 76 body 51 Third Way Thrift, Nigel J. contextual effect 110 realism 623 complexity theory 106 contextuality 111 Third World 754 contextual effect 110 everyday life 224 Third World 754–5 economic geography 180 geography 292 adaptation 8 genealogy 270 historical geography 333 agrarian question 16 Grand Theory 315 Kantianism 399 area studies 35 industrial district 376 social space 697 cadastral mapping 57 institutional economics 386 space 709 Cold War 93 location theory 428 spatiality 716 colonialism 96, 98 model 469 structuration theory 726 commodity 99 money and finance 477 time 755 development 155, 156 non-representational time–space compression 757–8 dual economy 173 theory 503 crisis 121 farming 241 performance 526 friction of distance 264 flexible accumulation 257 process 587 gender and development 270 food 259 qualitative methods 605 globalization 310 gender and development 269, science/science studies 667 integration 387 270 society 701 modernism 470 Green Revolution 317–19 space 709 modernity 472 growth theory 321 subject/subjectivity 728 money and finance 476 industrialization 380 surveillance 734 NIDL 501 inequality, spatial 380 time–space compression 758 postmodernism 567 market 443 urban geography 786, 787 postmodernity 569 Marxist geography 447 Thucydides 391 power-geometry 576 narco-capitalism 486 Thu¨nen, Johann Heinrich von regional geography 635 North-South 506 location theory 426 restructuring 651 peasant 524–5 locational analysis 428 space 709 political ecology 545 von Thu¨nen model 803 surveillance 733 populism 556 Tiebout, Charles 755 time–space convergence 759 post-development 563 Tiebout model 755 time–space distanciation 759 primitive accumulation 581 exit, voice and loyalty 229 time–space expansion 760 restructuring 652 fiscal migration 255–6 virtual geographies 800 Second World 670 Tilling, K. 64 war 805 slum 688 Timberlake, Michael 304 time–space convergence 758–9, South, the 704, 705 time 755–6 759 stages of growth 721 categorical data analysis 73 friction of distance 264 sustainability 738 chronotope 83 mobility 467 transnational corporations cultural landscape 133, 134 money and finance 476 (TNCs) 771, 772 ethnography 218 territorialization 745 underdevelopment 780 Eurocentrism 221 time–space compression 757 uneven development 780 feudalism 250 time–space distanciation 759 urban geography 786 geography 288 time–space distanciation 759–60 urban social movement 791 growth pole 321 colonialism 96 urbanization 794 human geography 352 democracy 151 West, the 808 humanistic geography 357 globalization 310 World Trade Organization hyperspace 362 integration 387 (WTO) 813 integration 387 media 450 Thom, Rene´ 73 Kantianism 399 money and finance 476 Thomas, G.S. 459 longitudinal data analysis structuration theory 726 Thomas, Keith 199 (LDA) 431 time–space compression 757 Thomas, Nicholas 98 money and finance 476 time–space expansion 760–1 Thomas, R. 101 network society 498 friction of distance 264

1044 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1045 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX

space 709 town 764 terms of trade 743 time–space compression 758 city 85 traditional society 720 Timpanaro, Sebastiano 449 industrial revolution 379 tragedy of the commons 766–7 TINA (there is no alternative) new town 501 common pool resources 102 globalization 309, 311 red-light districts 625 externalities 235 market 442 urbanism 791–2 prisoner’s dilemma 582 Tipton, S. 104 whiteness 810 transaction costs 767–8 TNCs. See transnational Town and Country Planning economies of scope 184 corporations Act 317 exchange 227 Tobler, W. Town and Country Planning external economies 235 distance decay 169 Association 267 externalities 235 quantitative methods 608 townscape 764 market 440 spatial autocorrelation 711 Toye, John production complex 589 Tobler’s Law Africa, idea of 11–12 regional policy 636 law (scientific) 415 development 156 transnational corporations quantitative methods 611 Toynbee, Arnold (TNCs) 771 spatial autocorrelation 712 industrial revolution 378 transactional analysis 768 Tolstoy, Leo stages of growth 720 economies of scope 184 anti-development 31 trade 764–6, 765 production complex 589 post-development 562 agrarian question 14 transcendental realism 492 Tomkins, Silvan 8 city 85 transculturation 768–9 Tomlinson, Roger 280–1 commodity 99 consumption 109 To¨nnies, Ferdinand comparative advantage 105 contrapuntal geographies 113 community 103–4 cultural geography 130 cultural landscape 133 rural–urban continuum 660 dependency theory 154 historical geography 334 social capital 689 economic integration 182 integration 388 society 702 Europe, idea of 222 Orientalism 514 topocide 763 fair trade 238 regional geography 635 topographic map 761–2 flows 257 space 710 cartography 69 free trade area (FTA) 264 travel writing 774 digital cartography 162 geographical societies 286 transfer pricing 769–70 isolines 396 geography, history of 298 transferability 770 map 436 geostrategic realms 302 transgression 770 topography 762 global cities/world cities 304 cultural geography 131 topography 762 globalization 310 cultural politics 134 topology 762 industrialization 380 moral geographies 479 graph theory 316 International Monetary Fund moral landscapes 480 vector data 798 (IMF) 390 travel writing 774 topophilia 762–3 International Relations transhumance 521, 770–1 genius loci 272 (IR) 391 transnational corporations geopiety 300 Pacific Rim 517 (TNCs) 771–2 hermeneutics 329 pastoralism 521 agricultural geography 17 sense of place 676 Pax Americana 523 capitalism 62 Torres Caicedo, Jose´ Marı´a 412 periodic market systems 527 colonialism 96 torture 523 Pirenne thesis 538–9 division of labour 170 total fertility rate 249 political economy 547 economic geography 181 Touraine, Alain 565 product life cycle 588 flows 257–8 tourism 763–4 South, the 704 geopolitics 302 aboriginality 2 system 740 globalization 309 Chinatown 82 tariff 741 Green Revolution 319 consumption 108 terms of trade 743 industrial geography 378 film 253 transfer pricing 769 labour process 406 historical geography 334 transnational corporations location theory 427 homophobia and (TNCs) 771 oil 510 heterosexism 344 West, the 809 public services 602 music 485 World Trade Organization services 678 primitivism 582 (WTO) 812–13 territoriality 745 recreation 624 Trade Related Investment trade 765–6 sexuality 680–1 Measures (TRIMs) 743 transfer pricing 769–70 travel writing 774 Trade-Related Aspects of transnational networks 463 tropicality 777 Intellectual Property Rights transnational urbanism 792 vision and visuality 801 (TRIPS) transnationalism 772 wilderness 811 bioprospecting 49 borderlands 53 Tournachon, Gaspard-Fe´lix 643 patenting 522 chain migration 78

1045 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1046 2.4.2009 8:55pm

INDEX transnationalism (cont’d) tribal societies 760 quantitative methods 607 citizenship 84 Tricontinental Conference 776 quantitative revolution 611 commodity chain/filiere 101 tricontinentalism 221, 776–7 spatial interaction 713 consumption 110 Trobianders 265 transferability 770 contrapuntal geographies 114 Trondman, M. 218 urban geography 784 cosmopolitanism 117–18 tropical geography uncertainty 779 cultural geography 132 Africa, idea of 9 decision-making 144 diaspora 159 human geography 350 entropy 195 feminist geographies 245 tropicality 777 fuzzy sets/fuzzy logic 266 globalization 310 climate 91 information theory 382 identity 366 colonialism 97 post-normal science immigration 372 geographical imaginary 282 (PNS) 570 local–global relations 425 geography 291 underclass 779–80 memory 455 hermeneutics 329 class 88 resistance 647 human geography 350 cycle of poverty 141 social geography 693 imaginative geographies 370 ghetto 303 subject/subjectivity 730 literature 420 inner city 384 topography 762 Orientalism 514 longitudinal data analysis transport costs 773 primitivism 581 (LDA) 431 cartogram 66 regional geography 633 migration 463 central place theory 76 travel writing 774 underdevelopment 780 counter-urbanization 119 Trotsky, L. 781 deindustrialization 150 footloose industry 260 Truman, Harry 321 dependency theory 154 pricing policies 579 trust 777–8 development 156 product life cycle 588 communication(s) 102 environmental history 200 transaction costs 767 food 259 North-South 506 transferability 770 market 440 plantation 543 transnational corporations regional policy 636 pollution 552 (TNCs) 771 social capital 689, 690 post-development 563 transportation problem 773–4 transaction costs 768 uneven development 781 von Thu¨nen model 803 travelling theory 775 unemployment 500 transport geography 773 truth uneven development 780–2 transport principle 76, 77 epistemology 206 accumulation 4 transportation problem 773–4 ethics 213 agrarian question 15 linear programming 419 Truth and Reconciliation analytical Marxism 27 migration 462 Commission (TRC) 33 areal differentiation 35 post-industrial city 565 tsunamis 509 class 89 transportation studies 611 t-test 664 core–periphery model 115–16 travel 14 Tuan, Yi-Fu equilibrium 209 travel writing 774–5 environmental perception farming 241 colonialism 98 203 food 259 Enlightenment 194 geopiety 300 gender and development 269 exploration 230 humanities 359 geography 291 geographical imagination moral landscapes 479 globalization 310 284–5 topophilia 762–3 growth pole 320 geography 287 Tukey, John Kondratieff waves 403 geography, history of 295, 298 exploratory data analysis labour geography 404 historical geography 334 (EDA) 234 location theory 427 imaginative geographies 371 software for quantitative Marxism 445 literature 420 analysis 704 Marxist economics 446 primitivism 581 Tullock, Gordon 598 Marxist geography 447 regional geography 633 turf politics 600, 778 mortality 481 tourism 763 Turkington, D.A. 387 nation-state 489 transculturation 768 Turner, B.S. 368 NIDL 500 travelling theory 775 Turner, Frederick Jackson philosophy 531 transculturation 768 frontier 264 place 540 tricontinentalism 777 frontier thesis 265 quantitative methods 608–9 trend surface analysis 775 Lamarck(ian)ism 408 regional policy 636 spatial analysis 711 sequent occupance 677 restructuring 653 surface 733 Turner, M.E. 20 scale 665 Trewartha, G. 553 stages of growth 721 trialectics 776, 775–6 Ullman, Edward L. trade 765 production of space 590 complementarity 105 transnational corporations spatiality 717 multiple nuclei model 484 (TNCs) 772

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INDEX

underdevelopment 780 United Nations Convention on homeland 343 welfare geography 807 Biological Diversity homelessness 343 uniform regions 631 (CBD) 46 human rights 355–6 Union of Socialist Geographers United Nations Convention on immigration 371, 372 radical geography 619 the Law of the Sea imperialism 373 socialism 701 (UNCLOS) industrial geography 377 Union of Soviet Socialist law of the sea 415 International Monetary Fund Republics 93 territorial sea 744 (IMF) 391 United Church of Christ, United Nations Convention to Kantianism 401 Commission for Racial Combat Desertification 155 malapportionment 433 Justice 203 United Nations Development map 436 United Kingdom Programme (UNDP) military geography 465 Africa, idea of 9–11 aid 22 modifiable areal unit problem census 74 security 672–3 (maup) 475 devolution 157 United Nations Environmental multiculturalism 481 economic geography 178, Programme (UNEP) 509 multilateralism 482, 483 179 United Nations Fish Stocks narco-capitalism 486 education 187 Agreement 416 national parks 487–8 electoral geography 188 United Nations Framework neo-liberalism 497 enterprise zone 195 Convention on Climate NIDL 500 e-social science 210 Change 308 North-South 506 historical geography 332–3 United Nations Global oil 510 industrial geography 377 Commission on political geography 549 multiculturalism 481 International Migration post-industrial society 566 neo-liberalism 497 (GCIM) 372 power 575, 576 new town 501 United Nations High private and public spheres 584 privatization 585 Commissioner for Refugees private interest developments public-private partnership (UNHCR) 464 (pids) 584–5 (PPPs) 601 United Nations Millennium privatization 585 redistricting 626 Declaration 359 product life cycle 588 regional geography 634 United Nations Security public-private partnership restructuring 651 Council 394 (PPPs) 601 social exclusion 691 United Nations Working Group racial districting 617 sunbelt/snowbelt 732–3 on Indigenous Peoples 1, 2 redistricting 626 underclass 780 United Nations World Drug regional alliance 632 United Nations (UN) Report 486 regional geography 634 colonialism 96 United States resource wars 651 emigration 188 Africa, idea of 11 restructuring 652, 653 environmental hazard 198 agrarian question 14 rogue state 658 gender and development 269 agribusiness 16, 17 rustbelt 660 genocide 273 America(s) (idea of) 24, 25 section 671 human rights 355 American empire 25–6 security 672 Intellectual Property Rights area studies 34–5 sharecropping 681 (IPR) 388 carceral geographies 64–5 social exclusion 691 multilateralism 482, 483 census 74 sovereign power 706 nation-state 489–90 Cold War 93 stages of growth 720, 721 North-South 506 deconstruction 148 structural functionalism 725 post-development 563 development 155, 156 suburb/anization 732 refugees 628–9 districting algorithm 169 tariff 741 self-determination 676 domination 172 underclass 779, 780 slavery 687 domino theory 173 war 806 South, the 705 economic geography 178, 179 World Trade Organization sovereignty 706 economic integration 183 (WTO) 813 territorial integrity 744 education 187 zoning 816 territorial sea 744 electoral geography 188 United States Agency for United Nations Charter 355 empire 190 International Development United Nations Conference on enterprise zone 195 (USAID). See USAID the Human Environment 4 Environmental Impact United States Air Force 307 United Nations Conference on Assessment 201 United States Bureau of the Trade and Development Europe, idea of 223 Census (UNCTAD) globalization 310 census tract 75 dependency theory 154 heartland 326, 327 frontier thesis 265 fair trade 238 hegemony 327 metropolitan area 459 sustainable development 739 historical geography 333 micropolis 459

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INDEX

United States Central Command census 75 community 104 (CENTCOM) 460, 461 census tract 75 conurbation 114 United States Department of Chicago School 79 counter-urbanization 119 Defense 307 communication(s) 102 decentralization 143 United States Department of complexity theory 106 exopolis 229 Housing and Urban human ecology 349 farming 241 Development (HUD) 713 human geography 351 global cities/world cities 304–6 United States State Department medical geography 452 historical demography 332 Green Revolution 318 mobility 467 megalopolis 453 terrorism 749 neighbourhood 494–5 metropolitan area 459 United States Supreme population density 552 modernity 471 Court 816 positivism 559 Pirenne thesis 538–9 Unity of Science Movement 558 redistribution 625 population density 552 Universal Declaration of Human retailing 653 quantitative methods 610 Rights sexuality 680 redistribution 625 human rights 355 social area analysis 689 rural–urban continuum 660 hunger 359 society 702 security 672 universalism 782 townscape 764 segregation 673 cosmopolitanism 117 urban implosion 788 sense of place 676 ethics 213 urban managers and Sjoberg model 685, 686 ethnocentrism 217 gatekeepers 787–8 social area analysis 688–9 relativism 641 housing class 346 sprawl 719 travelling theory 775 housing studies 347 urban ecology 783 universality 669 suburb/anization 732 urban geography 786 University of Cambridge 350 urban nature 788 urban nature 788 University of Chicago 443. See urban origins 788–90 urbanism 791 also Chicago School civilization 87 urbicide 794 University of Iowa 611 town 764 genocide 273 University of Pennsylvania 639 urban regime theory 630 topophilia 763 University of Washington, urban renewal 790 Urry, John Department of Geography ghetto 303 complexity theory 106 quantitative methods 607 housing studies 347 geographical imagination 283 quantitative revolution 611 inner city 384 risk society 658 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles neighbourhood 494 social theory 699 (UAVs) 734 urban social movement 790–1 tourism 763 Unwin, D.J. 711 collective consumption 94 USAID urban and regional populism 556 Africa, idea of 11 planning 782–3 urban system 791 stages of growth 720 applied geography 34 central place theory 76 uskorenie 651 cadastral mapping 57 informational city 382 utilitarianism 211, 794–5 compact city 104 urban village 3, 791 utility theory 795 Geographic Information urban warfare central place theory 76 Systems (GIS) 280 military geography 465 gravity model 317 geo-informatics 300 slum 688 utopia 795–6 green belt 317 urbanism 791–2 heterotopia 330 human geography 351 anarchism 28 Pax Americana 523 Lamarck(ian)ism 408 city 86 situationists/situationism 685 mental maps/cognitive community 103 maps 455 everyday life 224 Vaiou, D. new town 501 exopolis 229 feminist geographies 247 postmodernism 567 flaneur/flanerie 256 gender 269 von Thu¨nen model 803 Los Angeles School 432 Valentine, G. 123 zoning 816 moral landscapes 479 value (economic) urban ecology 783 postmodernism 567–8 capital 59 urban nature 788 spectacle 718 labour theory of value 406–7 urban village 791 squatting 719 trust 777 urban entrepreneurialism 195, urban geography 786 wilderness 810 783–4 urban village 791 value-added 797 urban exploration 784 urbanization 792, 793 clusters 92 art 36 urbanization 792–4 productivity 593 flaneur/flanerie 256 aerotropolis 8 substitutionism 731 psychogeography 597 Africa, idea of 10 values (principles) 797 urban fringe 395, 784 city 86 communitarianism 103 urban geography 784–7 communitarianism 103 community 103

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INDEX

cost-benefit analysis 118 Vietnam War Geographic Information cultural economy 129 political geography 550 Science (GISc) 277, 279 ethics 212 underdevelopment 780 geo-informatics 299 humanistic geography 357 viewsheds 710 map 437 positivism 559 Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty software for quantitative transport geography 773 Co. 816 analysis 704 trust 777 violence 798–9 virtual geographies 799 Van Gogh, Vincent 782 adaptation 8 Visualization in Scientific Van Hear, N. 372 borderlands 53 Computing (ViSC) 803 van Kempen, Ronald 306 camp 57, 58 Visweswaran, K. 394 Vancouver, George 231 carceral geographies 64 vitalism Varenius, Bernhard conflict 106 biophilosophy 47 chorology/chorography 83 critical geopolitics 121 posthumanism 564 epistemology 207 feminism 243 Vitruvius 668 geography 288 geopolitics 300–1 Vizinho, Joseph 230 regional geography 632 governable space 312 Voas, D. 277 science/science studies 666 hazard 324 voice 637 Varignon frame 426 home 340, 342 Volosinov, V.N. 367 vassalage 249–50 memory 454 von Thu¨nen model 803, 803. See Vaux, Calvert 783 nation 487 also Thu¨nen, Johann Veblen, Thorstein race 615 Heinrich von institutional economics 385 resource 649 bid-rent curve 46 leisure 416 resource wars 651 Chicago School 79 rational choice theory 621 slavery 687 density gradient 154 vector data 798 terrorism 747–9 rent 644 digital cartography 162, 163 time–space compression 758 resource management 650 geocoding 275 transnational corporations transport costs 773 Geographic Information (TNCs) 772 Voting Rights Act of 1965 617 Science (GISc) 278 urbicide 794 vulnerability 323 Geographic Information war 804 Vygotsky, Lev 655 Systems (GIS) 281 Virtual Data Centre 671 relational database 641 virtual geographies 139, Wagner, Moritz 142 topology 762 799–800 Wagner, P.L. 45 Venables, A.J. 395 virtual mobility 467–8 Waldseemu¨ller, Martin 24 Ventner, Craig 350 virtual reality 800 Walker, A. 64 Venturi, Robert 568 cyberspace 139 Walker, Richard Vernon, R. 588 virtual geographies 799 capitalism 62 Versey, G.R. 160 Virtual Reality Mark-up economic growth 182 vertical theme 798 Language (VRML) 800 external economies 235 historical geography 333 virus 800–1 Fordism 260 process 586 vision and visuality 801–2 radical geography 620 verticality, politics of 394, 798 culture 136 Wall Street 443 Vespucci, Amerigo 24 epistemology 207 Wallach, L. 743 Via Campesina 31 feminist geographies 247 Wallerstein, Immanuel Vidal de la Blache, Paul geographical imaginary 282 commodity chain/filiere 101 anthropogeography 30 governable space 312 development 156 art 36 image 369 political geography 550 cultural geography 130 imaginative geographies 370 world-systems analysis 813 environmental modernity 473 Wal-Mart 235–6 determinism 197 pragmatism 578 Walras, Le´on 495 environmental history 199 production of space 590 Walt Disney theme parks 168 functionalism 266 qualitative methods 605 Wang, Gungwu 81 genre de vie 273 situated knowledge 683 Wanklyn, H. 30 geography 290 time-geography 756 war 804–6 geography, history of 297 visual methods 802 biopolitics, biopower 48 human geography 350–1 visual methods 802 Cold War 93 Lamarck(ian)ism 408 discourse analysis 168 conflict 106 morphology 480 human geography 353 conflict commodities 107 possibilism 560 iconography 363 critical geopolitics 121 probabilism 585 vision and visuality 801 environmental security 204 regional geography 634, 635 visualization 802–3 Europe, idea of 222 Vienna Circle digital cartography 162 famine 240 falsification 239 e-social science 210 genocide 273 logical positivism 430 geocomputation 276 geography 287, 290

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INDEX war (cont’d) Cold War 93 public services 601 geography, history of 299 emigration 188 redistribution 625–6 hazard 324 regional alliance 632 zone of dependence 816 heartland 326 Second World 670 welfare reform 153 humanism 356 Washington, D.C. Mall 478 welfare state 807–8 integration 388 Washington Consensus collective consumption 93 just war 397 neo-liberalism 497 consumption 109 Kondratieff waves 403 terms of trade 743 creative destruction 119 market 442 waste 351 fiscal crisis 255 modernity 473 water 806–7 homelessness 343 multilateralism 482 Green Revolution 318 informational city 382 occupation, military 508 human geography 351 inner city 384 Orientalism 515 privatization 585 public services 601 population pyramid 556 Watson, J. 424 redistribution 625–6 resource wars 650–1 Watson, Wreford 692 regulation theory 640 surveillance 734 Watts, Isaac 666 stages of growth 720 territorial integrity 744 Watts, Michael J. welfare geography 807 terrorism 747 agricultural geography 17, 19 well-being, social. See social time–space compression 758 economic geography 181 well-being travel writing 774 farming 241 Welwyn 267 tropicality 777 geographical imaginary 282 West, K. 786 urbicide 794 governable space 312 West, the 808–9 vertical theme 798 restructuring 652 cartography, history of 70 verticality, politics of 798 Waugh, Tom 281 citizenship 84 violence 799 weapons civilization 87 virtual geographies 800 biosecurity 49 colonialism 94–6 war on terror. See also September rogue state 658 contrapuntal geographies 113 11, 2001 terrorist attacks weapons of mass destruction 523 cybernetics 139 bare life (‘naked life’) 42 Weaver, W. 382 deconstruction 147, 148 biopolitics, biopower 48 Webber, Michael J. domestication 171 border 53 analytical Marxism 27 empire 189, 190 camp 57 critical rationalism 125 epistemology 207 conflict 106 Weber, Alfred Eurocentrism 220, 221 contrapuntal geographies 114 industrial geography 377 exploration 232 empire 190 location theory 426 identity 366 exception, space of 226 locational analysis 428 imaginative geographies 370 geopolitics 302 Weber, Max imperialism 373, 374 imaginative geographies 370, abstraction 2 Occidentalism 507 371 capitalism 60 power 576 imperialism 373 case study 72 primitivism 582 just war 397 city 86 race 615 liberalism 417 class 89 stages of growth 720 market 442 commodity 101 theory 752 nomos 502 critical theory 125 third space 753 outsourcing 516 geographical imagination 283 urban geography 786 power 576 ideal type 363 urbanization 793, 794 prisons 583 market 441 West Bank security 672 methodological intifada 394 South, the 705 individualism 457 Middle East, idea of 460 territorial integrity 744 modernity 471 West Point (US Military terrorism 748–9 religion 643 Academy) 465 third space 754 social theory 698, 699 Western Marxism war 804 Weberian sociology 367 ideology 367 world-systems analysis 814 Weintraub, Roy 495 Marxism 445 Ward, K. Weizman, E. modernism 470 public geographies 599 occupation, military 509 Westernization 474 regime theory 630 verticality, politics of 798 Westphalia, Treaty of Ware, Vron 810 welfare economics 519 border 52, 53 Warntz, William welfare geography 807 Europe, idea of 222 geography 290 feminist geographies 246 International Relations (IR) 391 macrogeography 433 health and health care 325 sovereignty 706 Warren, Stacey 279 inequality, spatial 380, 381 wetlands 809–10 wars of liberation 804 Panopticon 518 Whatmore, Sarah Warsaw Pact Pareto optimality 519 agro-food system 20, 21

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INDEX

dialectic(s) 158 Williamson, Oliver E. cartography, history of 70 food 259 institutional economics 385 children 80 geographical imagination 285 location theory 427 map reading 439 global commons 306 Williamson, P. 277 psychogeography 597 property 594 Willis, P. 218 Woodall, P. 743 science/science studies 667 Wills, J. Woodward, David Wheatley, Paul 789 anarchism 28 cartography, history of 70 Whelan, Y. 363 labour geography 404 map 434 Whewell, William 666 Wilson, Alan G. Woodward, John 231 Whitbeck, R.H. 179 catastrophe theory 73 Woodward, K. White, Allon 770 complexity theory 106 film 253 White, Gilbert critical rationalism 125 urban geography 785 behavioural geography 44 entropy-maximizing Woodward, R. 465 ecology 176 models 196 Woolgar, Steve hazard 324 falsification 239 local knowledge 423 resource 648 gravity model 316 science/science studies 667 White, Richard 199 Wilson, E.O. 46 work White, Stephen K. 262 Wilson, William Julius 384 recreation 625 White Studies 810 Wilton, Robert 597 rural geography 659 Whitehand, J.W.R. 764 WIMP (Windows Interface, Workers Party 812 Whitehead, Alfred North Mouse Pointer) 800 workfare 405 actor-network theory Winchester, H. 605 workhouse 518 (ANT) 7 Windelband, Wilhelm World Bank biophilosophy 47 idiographic 368 Africa, idea of 11 geographical imagination 285 Kantianism 400 aid 21 geography 292 nomothetic 502 Asian miracle/tigers 38 process 587 Winichakul, Thongchai 274 capitalism 62–4 whiteness 810 Winnicott, Donald 596 conflict commodities 107 ethnicity 215 Wirth, Louis development 156 Eurocentrism 221 Chicago School 79 Environmental Impact film 253 urbanism 791 Assessment 201 heteronormativity 329 Withers, C.W.J. 288 globalization 310 humanism 356 Wittgenstein, Ludwig governance 313 power 576 contextuality 112 Green Revolution 318 Whittlesey, Derwent foundationalism 262 indigenous knowledge 375 Darwinism 142 gender 269 institutional economics 386 law 414 geography 289 International Monetary Fund sequent occupance 677 logical positivism 430 (IMF) 390 transaction costs 767–8 process 587 market 443 Whyte, W.F. 72 rhetoric 655 neo-liberalism 497 Wide Area Augmentation Wolch, J. post-socialism 571 System 307 urban ecology 783 reconstruction 624 Wiener, Norbert 138 urban geography 786 restructuring 652 Wigen, K.E. 456 Wolf, Eric social capital 689 Wilden, A. 8 cultural ecology 128 squatting 719 wilderness 810–11 mode of production 468 structural adjustment 725 environmental history 200 political ecology 545 World Social Forum national parks 487, 488 Wolff, Goetz 304 (WSF) 812 Wilkinson, J. Wolff, Janet World Trade Organization farming 241 flaneur/flanerie 256 (WTO) 813 substitutionism 731 genocide 273 world city 811 Willems-Braun, B. 261 Wolff, Richard D. informational city 382 Williams, P. 785 base and superstructure 42–3 investment 396 Williams, Raymond essentialism 210 territoriality 745 capital 58 Marxist economics 445 urban geography 786 capitalism 59 Wolpe, H. 468 urban system 791 community 104 Wolpert, J. 44 world-systems analysis 814 culture 135 Women and Development World Conservation Union historicism 336 (WAD) 269 (IUCN) 108 landscape 410 Women in Development World Cup 718 literature 420 (WID) 269 World Development Report 64 market 439 Women in Geography Study World Economic Forum 812 materialism 449 Group 245 World Employment nature 492 Wood, Denis Programme 381

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INDEX

World Geodetic System imperialism 374 Young, Iris Marion (WGS84) 307 migration 463 difference 160 World Meteorological mode of production 468 ethics 213 Organization 90 political geography 550 gender 269 World Social Forum regional geography 635 public space 602 (WSF) 811–12 structural functionalism 725 social justice 694 anti-globalization 32 Worldwide Fund for Nature 108 Young, Robert 776 ecological imperialism 175 Worster, D. 200 Yugoslavia trade 766 Wright, Erik Olin ethnicity 215 World Summit on Sustainable analytical Marxism 27 partition 521 Development (WSSD) 739 capitalism 61 Yule’s Q 73 World Tourism class 88 Yuval-Davis, N. 679 Organization 763 Wright, J. 21 World Trade Organization Wright, J.K. Zacuto, Abraham 230 (WTO) 812–13 behavioural geography 44 Zakaria, Fareed 461 anti-globalization 32 geography, history of 297 Zapatista rebellion 570 capitalism 62, 64 geopiety 300 Zellner, Arnold 43 domestication 171 Wright, Melissa W. Zhou, M. 82 economic integration 182 critical human geography 123 Zhou, Y.X. 732 fair trade 238 private and public Zimmerer, Karl 200 Green Revolution 319 spheres 584 Zimmerman, E.W. 648 Intellectual Property Rights Wright, Sewall 142 Zionism (IPR) 388 Wrigley, E.A. kibbutz 401 International Monetary Fund Agricultural Revolution 20 religion 643 (IMF) 390 historical demography 331 Zola, Emile 621–2 multilateralism 482 historical geography 333 zonal model 815, 815–16 neo-liberalism 497 Wrigley, N. invasion and succession 395 patenting 522 regional geography 634 multiple nuclei model 484 postmodernity 570 retailing 654 sectoral model 671 South, the 705 sunk costs 733 Sjoberg model 685 tariff 741 writing von Thu¨nen model 803 terms of trade 743 exploration 232 zone of dependence 501, trade 766 qualitative methods 606 816 World Social Forum WSF. See World Social Forum zone of indistinction. See (WSF) 812 WTO. See World Trade indistinction, zone of World War I. See First World Organization zoning 816 War Wymer, C. 275 Geographic Information World War II. See Second World Systems (GIS) 280 War Xiaofeng, L. 663 housing studies 347 World Wide Web (WWW) 392 XSight 703 rural planning 660 world-systems analysis 813–14 sprawl 719 Annales School 30 Yellowstone National Park Tiebout model 755 Brenner thesis 56 (Wyoming, USA) 487 urban and regional colonialism 94 Yeltsin, Boris 624 planning 782 core–periphery model 115–16 Yeoh, B. 762 Zonn, L. 253 dependency theory 154 Yiftachel, Oren 217 zoos 108, 816–17 global cities/world cities 304 Yinger, J. 788 Zorbaugh, H. 79

1052 Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1053 2.4.2009 8:55pm Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1054 2.4.2009 8:55pm Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1055 2.4.2009 8:55pm Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_6_index Final Proof page 1056 2.4.2009 8:55pm