DOCSLIB.ORG

Moving Forward with Ethnoburb and Income Inequality - a Preliminary Analysis Rafael Harun, Phd Candidate, School of Planning, University of Waterloo

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Moving Forward with Ethnoburb and Income Inequality - a Preliminary Analysis Rafael Harun, Phd Candidate, School of Planning, University of Waterloo Moving Forward with Ethnoburb and Income Inequality - A Preliminary Analysis Rafael Harun, PhD Candidate, School of Planning, University of Waterloo Abstract Ethnoburb has gained wide acceptance as a new model to describe immigrant settlement patterns in the last twenty years. Many studies have adopted the model and applied in cities in the USA, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. However, the studies have embedded inconsistencies resulting from the lack of operationalization of the concept. One of the apparent inconsistencies is the use of visible minority or ethnicity variables from the census data to characterise ethnoburbs empirically. Ethnicity or visible minority variable includes information on immigrants and the subsequent generations. Thus, using the variable in the ethnoburb delineation process is daunting. Also, research to date has been limited to explore the ethnic concentrations and to analyse the socioeconomic configurations of ethnoburbs. A lack of effort is noted to explore socioeconomic issues pertaining inequalities, health, and education challenges, that have clear planning implications. Based on the identified limitations this study investigated – i) the efficacy of using visible minority as a variable to capture immigrant settlement dynamics, and ii) the prevalence of income inequality issues in ethnoburbs. The study was conducted on four major Canadian metropolia, Greater Toronto Area, Vancouver, Montreal, and Calgary by using the Canadian population census data from 1996 to 2011. The results indicate that visible minority variable can not capture the immigrant settlement dynamics efficiently and thus the validity of the use of the variable in ethnoburb delineation should be revisited. Also, the prevalence of income inequality concerns was valid in some metropolitan regions that vary based on ethnicity. The study strongly encourages to use individual level data to track the movement of the immigrant population and recommends to further investigate the dynamics of income inequality for better understanding and planning. Keywords: Ethnoburb; Income Inequality; Canada; Immigrant 1.0 Introduction The global economic restructuring promoted transnational economic linkages and established the need for highly skilled workers in many developed countries. Countries such as the USA, Canada, and Australia experienced a high influx of immigrant population predominantly from the Asian countries over the last two decades. Of all, Canada has experienced the highest growth in their foreign-born population among the G7 countries, and it constitutes about 20.6% of the total population. Researchers have used traditional models such as place stratification, spatial assimilation, and enclaves to study immigrant settlement patterns. A new addition to the steam of models explaining immigrant settlement pattern is ethnoburb. Ethnoburb is widely accepted by the research community and is applied to study multiple ethnic minority groups in many developed countries. However, due to a lack of operationalization of the concept, inconsistencies in the characterization of ethnoburb is observed in the existing literature. The objective of this paper to identify one of the inconsistencies regarding the selection of variable to study ethnoburbs in Canada and to explore the existence of the critical issue of income inequality in the Canadian ethnoburbs. Ethnoburbs are multiethnic communities that have a high concentration of non-White ethnic minorities but does not constitute the majority, and their economic tie extends from local to global outposts (Wei Li 1998a). In an ethnoburb, the highly skilled and affluent non-White immigrants who migrate to the developed countries avoid the torn down city centres and settle down directly into suburbs that offer better housing quality, school services, and ambience. The people living in the dispersed suburban locations soon create their own communities, preserve ethnic identity through social and religious gatherings, and establish networks from local to transnational scales (Li, Skop, & Yu, 2016). Also, they materialise their ethnic businesses in the ethnoburbs that are integrated into the mainstream economy and get actively involved in mainstream politics, making their place in the society ( Li et al., 2016). There is an increasing interest in ethnoburb research, but it is mostly descriptive by nature. Many of the research without making an effort to verify if a location fits the profile of an ethnoburb, sporadically uses the term to describe a suburb that has high ethnic concentration. Wei Li has clearly identified multiple aspects to characterise ethnoburbs including ethnic density, socioeconomic composition, economic activities, cultural kinship, and political involvement. But a lack of operationalization of the concept has resulted in inconsistencies in the ethnoburb delineation process. Studies attempting to find ethnoburbs are few, and they don’t always address all aspects as shown in Table 1. The existing literature has focused mainly on ethnic densities in the ethnoburb delineation process. A range of ethnic density threshold values are applied in studies to locate ethnoburbs. To differentiate ethnoburbs from enclaves and ghettos, Wei Li has emphasised that the ethnic density in ethnoburbs can be as low as 10% to 15% in many locations (Li, 1998b). Similar threshold values ranging between 10% to 35% has been applied in many studies (Hoalst-Pullen et al. 2013; Phillips 2016; Johnston, Poulsen, and Forrest 2011). A few studies have also applied higher thresholds of ethnic densities (Chan 2012; Wang and Zhong 2013). There is a lack of ethnoburb research that investigates critical social issues. Since ethnoburbs create a distinct footprint in urban and social landscapes and have the potential of creating unique social, health, and educational challenges with succinct urban planning implications. A study of Richmond, BC revealed that the plan to create designated sites for religious buildings and combining with farming gained high appreciation in planning discourse, but did not attract the community due to a lack of understanding of priorities of the community (Dwyer, Tse, and Ley 2016). Also, a study of the Asians in San Gabriel Valley ethnoburb identified that the workers are constrained by the availability of health insurance, and accessibility to health care access, a lack of information on available health services that indicates the prevalence of inequality issues (Pih, Hirose, and Mao 2012). The transnationalism has also taken a new turn in the offspring settlement patterns that gave rise to ‘satellite kids’, which has created unique education challenges. In a case study of Vancouver Canada, Waters (2003) introduced a phenomenon occurring in ethnoburbs, where the affluent parents settle down their kids in Canada and move back to their country of origin to handle their businesses. The phenomenon creates challenges for education provider as they can hardly get access to the parents to discuss issues and experienced problems with fake relatives. Recently, the decision made by the Peel Region District School Board in Canada to accommodate for the Muslim Friday prayer created a significant backlash in the entire community. Since Peel region hosts many ethnoburbs, the changing demography must have triggered the proposed changes. As ethnoburbs increases with more immigrations in place, more policy and planning challenges will be posed making it essential to learn about the dynamics of ethnoburbs and keep track of the changes. The efforts of identifying ethnoburbs in Canada are very limited. Wang & Zhong (2013) is probably one of the major studies that attempted to identify ethnoburbs empirically. The authors consider ethnic density and socioeconomic configuration and make an additional effort to evaluate ethnic businesses in ethnoburbs in their study. However, the author used visible minority variable to assess ethnic concentrations. The use of the visible minority population is fundamentally flawed as the variable includes the immigrant population as well as a population that are born in Canada but belong to a particular ethnicity. The immigrants and their following generations born in Canada may have substantial differences in their preferences. Ethnoburb is an immigrant phenomenon, and the use of the variable may fail to capture the immigrant dynamics. A similar problem is witnessed in many other studies ( for example Ishizawa & Arunachalam, 2014; Johnston et al., 2011; Wen, Lauderdale, & Kandula, 2009) where the focus of the study was on ethnicity, not immigrants. Based on the identified limitations, this study attempted to empirically determine if the visible minority is a good choice of a variable to capture the immigrant dynamics. Also, the study explored the prevalence of a critical social issue of income inequalities in the ethnoburb. The objective was attained by answering three questions with a focus on two ethnic minority groups: 1) Are there differences in the characteristics of the two ethnic minority groups?; 2) Where are the ethnoburbs of the two ethnic minority groups located?; and 3) Are there issues with income inequality in the ethnoburbs? The Canada Population Census data from 1996 to 2011 was used to address the questions. 2.0 Research Design 2.1 Data Sources This analysis is based on the Canadian Census of Population micro-data from the 20% long-form sample for the years 1996 to 2011. Each census year consists of a broad cross-section of observations, which permits
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Stur on Li, 'Ethnoburb: the New Ethnic Community in Urban America'
    H-Urban Stur on Li, 'Ethnoburb: The New Ethnic Community in Urban America' Review published on Thursday, August 20, 2009 Wei Li. Ethnoburb: The New Ethnic Community in Urban America. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2009. xvii + 214 pp. $56.00 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-8248-3065-6. Reviewed by Heather M. Stur (University of Southern Mississippi) Published on H-Urban (August, 2009) Commissioned by Sharon L. Irish Maintaining Diversity in U.S. Suburbs Classic American images of suburbia usually depict white, middle-class, native-born families living out the “American Dream.” Immigrants, on the other hand, remained in urban ethnic neighborhoods, often cramped and crime-ridden, until they saved enough money to move to the suburbs and assimilate into mainstream white society. However, beginning in the 1960s and continuing through the present, a number of political and economic conditions have led to the creation of what Wei Li calls “ethnoburbs”-- suburban neighborhoods dominated residentially and commercially by non-white ethnic groups. Focusing specifically on Chinese ethnoburbs in Los Angeles County, Li draws widely on U.S. Census data to argue that the global economy, geopolitics, and changes in U.S. immigration policies spurred the development of ethnoburbs in which immigrants of diverse income and educational levels create communities with class stratification and both international and local businesses. Li opens her study by situating it within the theoretical literature on racial and spatial formation before developing her concept of the ethnoburb. Unlike urban immigrant “ethnic enclaves,” in which the majority of residents are low-income and limited in employable skills, ethnoburbs draw a wide range of immigrants, from wealthy, highly educated entrepreneurs to poor, unskilled workers.
    [Show full text]
  • State of Immigrants in LA County
    State of Immigrants, 1 Los Angeles County State of Immigrants in LA County January 2020 USC Center for the Study of Immigrant Integration and release of this report. Finally, thank you to CCF, State of Immigrants, 2 (CSII) would like to thank everyone involved in the James Irvine Foundation, Bank of America, and Los Angeles County producing the first annual State of Immigrants in Jonathan Woetzel for their support which made L.A. County (SOILA) report. The goal was to create a SOILA possible. resource for community-based organizations, local governments, and businesses in their immigrant We would also like to extend deep appreciations integration efforts. To that end, we sought the to the members of the CCF Council on Immigrant wisdom of a range of partners that have made this Integration for commissioning this report and for report what it is. their feedback and suggestions along the way. A special thank you to all organizations interviewed The work here—including data, charts, tables, for case studies that donated their time and Acknowledgments writing, and analysis—was prepared by Dalia expertise to further bolster our analysis. Gonzalez, Sabrina Kim, Cynthia Moreno, and Edward-Michael Muña at CSII. Graduate research assistants Thai Le, Sarah Balcha, Carlos Ibarra, and Blanca Ramirez heavily contributed to charts, writing, and analysis. Thank you to Manuel Pastor and Rhonda Ortiz at CSII, as well as Efrain Escobedo and Rosie Arroyo from the California Community Foundation (CCF) for their direction, feedback, and support that fundamentally shaped this report. Sincere appreciations to Justin Scoggins (CSII) for his thoughtful and thorough data checks.
    [Show full text]
  • From Chinatown to Ethnoburb: the Chinese in Toronto
    The 5th WCILCOS International Conference of Institutes and Libraries for Chinese Overseas Studies Chinese through the Americas May 16‐19, 2012 Vancouver, B.C. Canada From Chinatown to Ethnoburb: The Chinese in Toronto Arlene Chan Retired librarian, Toronto Public Library The definition, face, and location of Chinatowns have changed significantly as Chinese communities establish themselves inside and beyond their boundaries. This paper demonstrates that both the older and contemporary Chinatowns in the Greater Toronto Area have developed in response to patterns of Chinese migration relative to the socio- economic, political, and cultural status of the Chinese in Canadian society. The history of the Chinese in Canada has been examined in many historical works, such as by Morton (1973), Con (1982), and Lai (1988). On the narrower subject of the Chinese in Toronto, academic research is extensive on a variety of topics reflecting the complexity and diversity of the Chinese communities, including the landmark papers of the early Chinese community by Mah (1977; 1978). The transition out of the downtown core into the suburbs has been studied, as by Lo 1997; however, only one book, Toronto’s Chinatown, has been published (Thompson, 1989) and this one focuses on its social organizations. My paper draws upon the qualitative findings of a literature search and interviews with descendants of the early Chinatown residents and business owners, as well as my own first-hand experiences. Having grown up in what-is-now-called Old Chinatown, I identified and interpreted the myriad and confluence of factors that has affected the settlement patterns of the Chinese in Toronto.
    [Show full text]
  • Race, Ethnicity, and Income Segregation in Los Angeles
    RACE, ETHNICITY, AND INCOME SEGREGATION IN LOS ANGELES Paul Ong, Chhandara Pech, Jenny Chhea, C. Aujean Lee UCLA Center for Neighborhood Knowledge June 24, 2016 DISCLAIMER: The contents, claims, and finding of this report are the sole responsibility of the authors, and do not necessarily represent the opinions of UCLA or its administration. The authors are not liable for misinterpretations of the provided information or policy failures based on analyses provided in this report. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: We thank the UCLA Ziman Center for Real Estate Howard and Irene Levine Program in Housing and Social Responsibility and Haynes Foundation for their generous funding. We would also like to thank the staff of the UCLA Center for Neighborhood Knowledge for providing support. RACE, ETHNICITY, AND INCOME SEGREGATION IN LOS ANGELES ABSTRACT There is a disagreement amongst scholars about how much income differences play in generating residential segregation. While most social scientists point to individual prejudices and institutional racism, others counter that segregation is a byproduct of systematic economic differences. For example, some minority groups are poorer and are thus disproportionately concentrated in low-income neighborhood. This paper examines 1) the demographic and socio- economic transformation of Los Angeles from 1960 and onward 2) the role of race and ethnicity in the spatial geographic housing patterns, with a specific focus on levels of segregation, and 3) whether racial segregation could be explained by systematic differences in income across racial/ethnic groups. The findings indicate that although black-white segregation has been decreasing steadily, segregation remains high while increasing amongst Hispanics. From comparing these observed dissimilarity indices and census tract majority groups with simulated numbers based on income, this study also finds that income differences alone do not explain residential segregation and that many other factors (including race) come into play.
    [Show full text]
  • Diverse Experiences of the Children of Asian Immigrants Min Zhou UCLA
    Draft, 05/01/2017 Comments welcome, please do not cite without authors permission. Growing Up under the Shadow of the Model Minority: Diverse Experiences of the Children of Asian Immigrants Min Zhou UCLA Carl L. Bankston III Tulane University Presented at the meeting on “Children of Immigrants in New Places of Settlement,” the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Cambridge, MA, April 19-21, 2017. Abstract: Asians Americans are the fastest growing racial minority in the United States largely due to rapid immigration in the past 40 years. Although they comprise less than six percent of the total U.S. population, they are highly visible in professional occupations, and their children, coming of age since the 1990s, are making their way into the country’s prestigious universities and primary sectors of the labor market. A common perception is that Asians in the U.S. are the “good” immigrants — doctors, engineers, scientists, and prosperous business owners, or that their children are “good” students—academically high achievers and math or techno wizards poised to a successful future. This paper will explain how positive perceptions reinforce the model minority stereotype and how this stereotype glosses over critical issues confronting the children of Asian immigrants, especially those who don’t fit that stereotype and those who live in places distant from their coethnic communities. Introduction Asians Americans are the fastest growing racial minority in the United States. Their numbers have increased by 60-percent over the last decade, largely due to international migration. Although they comprise less than six percent of the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • A WAY to CHINESE IMMIGRANTS' AMERICAN DREAM B
    ABSTRACT SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION AND INTERNAL MIGRATION AMONG CHINESE ETHNOBURBS -A WAY TO CHINESE IMMIGRANTS’ AMERICAN DREAM by Wan Yu This paper aims to analyze the spatial transformation of Chinese American’s “ethnoburbs” and the migration trends among them. With well-established Chinese Americans moving out of the old “ethnoburbs” to the new ones and new immigrants filling into the old “ethnoburbs”, the population of both old and new “ethnoburbs” is increasing, but the internal migration flows reflect the spatial transformation of the Chinese suburban communities. Using a comparative analysis of community landscape, spatial patterns, socioeconomic status of residents, and public services between the old “suburban Chinatown” Monterey Park and the newly thriving Chinese “ethnoburb” Rowland Heights in suburban Los Angeles, this paper examines the disparities and connections between old and new Chinese “ethnoburbs”. The transformation of Chinese “ethnoburbs” and internal migration flows among them reflect a way to achieve Chinese immigrants’ American Dream. SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION AND INTERNAL MIGRATION AMONG CHINESE ETHNOBURBS -A WAY TO CHINESE IMMIGRANTS’ AMERICAN DREAM A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts Department of Geography by Wan Yu Miami University Oxford, Ohio 2010 Advisor: James M. Rubenstein Reader: Stanley W. Toops Reader: David L. Prytherch Table of Contents Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………………ii List of Tables………………………………………………………………………………...v
    [Show full text]
  • The Ethnic Myth Race, Ethnicity, and Class in America 3Rd Edition Download Free
    THE ETHNIC MYTH RACE, ETHNICITY, AND CLASS IN AMERICA 3RD EDITION DOWNLOAD FREE Stephen Steinberg | 9780807041536 | | | | | The Ethnic Myth Consociationalism Cultural appropriation Diaspora politics Dominant minority Ethnic democracy Ethnic enclave Ethnic interest group Ethnic majority Ethnic media The Ethnic Myth Race pornography Ethnic theme park Ethnoburb Ethnocracy Ethnographic film Ethnographic village Indigenous rights Middleman minority Minority rights Model minority Multinational state. Social Cultural. OpenEdition Search Newsletter. However, in his discussion of crime, I thought Steinberg missed an opportunity to take his argument further. Without examining the criteria used in this census, one has no way of knowing for sure. Amalgamation then becomes indistinguishable not from equality but from equality at its lowest The Ethnic Myth Race. This, in a nutshell, is the political thrust of the recent studies of ethnicity, and it cannot be disputed. Ali Tanner rated it really liked it Mar 25, London; New York: Routledge. Search for:. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ethnic groups. Society portal. Ethnicity theory says that race is a social category and is but one of several factors in determining ethnicity. The author delves into whether the U. View 1 comment. Two periods frequently cited as examples of this are the 19th-century consolidation and expansion of the German Empire and the 20th century Nazi Germany. Members of excluded groups, consequently, will either demand inclusion based on equality or seek autonomy, sometimes even to the extent of complete political separation in their nation-state. Hall observes, World War II was a turning point in ethnic studies. As Jonathan M. Because it rejects as it clarifies most of the Ethnicity wisdom on race, ethnicity, and immigration in the United States, The Ethnic Myth has the force of a scholarly bomb.
    [Show full text]
  • A Abangan, 795, 802 Abkhazia, 154 Aboriginal Authors, See Indigenous
    Index A inequality, 1503 Abangan, 795, 802 injustice, 1503 Abkhazia, 154 institutional reform, 1504 Aboriginal authors, see Indigenous scholars laws/legislation, 1505 Aboriginality legal instruments, 1510 complexity of, 1000 minorities, 1506 concepts of, 995 polity participation, 1507 definition of, 996 preferences, 1502 and ethnicity, 997 procedural rectification, 1507 as fluid concept, 997–998 redistribution, 1502 idea of, 994 riots, 1504 political movement, 1005 societies, 1507 Aboriginal land title, 726 South Africa, 1509 Abuse of human rights, 852 success and failure, 1505 Academic dis-identification, 1412 symbolic goods, 1508 Accommodation, 113 zero-sum contest, 1504 Accommodative constitutional designs, 112 Africans, 660, 663, 665 Acculturation, 844, 1192, 1193, 1197 organic exporting, 1429 Aceh, 968 Afrikaans films, 1981, 1988 highlands, 1958 Afrikaner audiences, 1988 Acehnese choreographers, 1958 Afrikaner cultural nationalism, 1988 Acehnese Freedom movement, 1961 Afro-Amerindian, 1599 Adat, 794, 1453, 1454, 1456, 1458–1461 Afro-Mauritians, 1789 Adventures of a Child of War, 420 Aganuu, 1239 Affective tie, 1225 Agency, 1225 Affirmative action, 21–23 Age of migration, 1814 Ali baba practice, 1510 Agricultural production, 1016 benefits, 1509 Ahle Sunnah wal Jamaah, 830 black community, 1508 Ahmadi/Qadiani, 833, 834 culture and value, 1502 Ahmadiyah, 830 demand, 1504 Aiga (family), 1225 discrimination, 1503, 1506 Alataw Pass, 1025 education, 1507 Alawite community, 134 eligibility in US, 1510 Aliansi Kemanusiaan Indonesia untuk equality and justice, 1502 Myanmar (AKIM), 1902, 1903 group eligibility, 1508 Alii (sacred chief) titles, 1237 identity symbols, 1505 Ali, Moulvi Ameer, 830, 833 incidence, 1503 Ali, Muhammad, 828 individualism and merit, 1505 Aliran, 795 © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
    [Show full text]
  • Trans: Gender and Race in an Age of Unsettled Identities Pdf, Epub, Ebook
    TRANS: GENDER AND RACE IN AN AGE OF UNSETTLED IDENTITIES PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Rogers Brubaker | 256 pages | 01 Nov 2016 | Princeton University Press | 9780691172354 | English | New Jersey, United States Trans: Gender and Race in an Age of Unsettled Identities PDF Book Retrieved October 1, Ethnic and Racial Studies. In his analysis, transracial identities generate uneasy resonances with not only the dark histories of racial passing, but also the contemporary realities of racial oppression. How the transgender experience opens up new possibilities for thinking about gender and race In the summer of , shortly after Caitlyn Jenner came out as transgender, the NAACP official and political activist Rachel Dolezal was "outed" by her parents as white, touching off a heated debate in the media about the fluidity of gender and race. Ja Du, a trans woman who was born Caucasian but now considers herself Filipina, created a Facebook page and community for others who self-identify as transracial. The use of the term to describe changing racial identity has been criticized by members of the transracial adoption community. Transgender identities have moved from the margins to the mainstream with dizzying speed, and ethnoracial boundaries have blurred. This is a timely, judicious, and tremendously thoughtful and learned investigation into present-day debates. Mail address P. Rogers Brubaker. The New York Times. By rethinking race and ethnicity through the multifaceted lens of the transgender experience—encompassing not just a movement from one category to another but positions between and beyond existing categories—Brubaker underscores the malleability, contingency, and arbitrariness of racial categories. How the transgender experience opens up new possibilities for thinking about gender and race.
    [Show full text]
  • Civic and Political Engagement of Chinese Americans in Ethnic Suburbs
    Eleven The Undergraduate Journal of Sociology VOLUME 3 2014 CREATED BY UNDERGRADUATES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY Editor-in-Chief Parijat Chakrabarti Managing Editor Iyla Ollinger Eleven Associate Editors The Undergraduate Journal of Sociology Jonathan Orbell, Hyun (Angela) Kim, Astrid Ackerman, Jana Hopkins, and Souma Kundu Directors of Public Relations VOLUME 3 2014 Patricia Gómez, Darleen Martinez, Yelynn Ki, Yik (Olive) Hei Ho, and Christopher Moran Undergraduate Advisor “The philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways; Cristina Rojas the point, however, is to change it.” Production Consultant –Karl Marx, “XI” from “Theses on Feuerbach” Cover Designer Mary Susman Cover Artist Tamara Staples, courtesy of Getty Images Editor’s Note 1 Parijat Chakrabarti Eleven: The Undergraduate Journal of Sociology, Vol. 3, 2014, is the annual publication of Eleven: The Undergraduate Journal of Sociology, a non-profit unincorporated Negotiating Lingustic Loyalties in a Multicultural Context: 2 association at the University of California, Berkeley. Immigrant Parents’ Attitudes Towards Their Children’s Heritage Grants and Financial Support: This journal was made possible by generous financial Language Acquisition support from the Department of Sociology at the University of California, Berkeley. Amanda Cheong Special Appreciation: We would also like to additionally thank: Allison Hall, Cristina Civic and Political Engagement of Chinese Americans in 16 Rojas, Tamar Young, Belinda White, Rebecca Chavez, Mary Kelsey, Aaron Benavidez, Ethnic Suburbs Mary Susman, Sofie Garden, Christopher Moran, Rudy Garcia, William Pe, Abigail Andrews, Jennifer Jihye Chun, Alexia Bloch, and the Department of Sociology at the Sophia Wang University of California, Berkeley. “Compared To So Many People We Have So Many Advantages”: 55 Contributors: Contributions may be in the form of articles and review essays.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustaining Hyper-Diversity in the Suburbs of Peel Region, Ontario
    Urban Planning (ISSN: 2183–7635) 2018, Volume 3, Issue 4, Pages 38–49 DOI: 10.17645/up.v3i4.1700 Article Beyond the Cosmopolis: Sustaining Hyper-Diversity in the Suburbs of Peel Region, Ontario Jennifer Dean 1,*, Kristen Regier 1, Asiya Patel 1, Kathi Wilson 2 and Effat Ghassemi 3 1 School of Planning, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; E-Mails: [email protected] (J.D.), [email protected] (K.R.), [email protected] (A.P.) 2 Department of Geography, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Newcomer Centre of Peel, Mississauga, ON L5B 2N6, Canada; E-Mail: [email protected] * Corresponding author Submitted: 17 July 2018 | Accepted: 17 September 2018 | Published: 30 October 2018 Abstract Globalization has increased the flow of transnational migrants into many European and North American cities. These shift- ing socio-demographic patterns have resulted in the rapid development of ‘cosmopolitan’ urban centres where difference and diversity are ubiquitous (Sandercock, 2003). However, as ethnic enclaves form outside the urban core in suburban communities, there is uncertainty about whether cultural homogeneity is desirable or sustainable in a multicultural coun- try. Indeed, planning communities for increasing diversity and difference will remain, what Leonie Sandercock (2004) calls, “one of the greatest tasks for planners of the 21st century”. Thus, this article uses the theory of hyper-diversity to illuminate how immigrants’ interactions with their local suburban community represents cultural pluralism and diversity beyond eth- nicity. Specifically, this study explores differing attitudes, activities and lifestyles among diverse immigrant populations in the Region of Peel, one of the fastest growing and most culturally diverse areas in Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnoburb: the New Ethnic Community in Urban America by Wei Li University of Hawaii Press, 2009, Honolulu
    208 BOOK REVIEW Ethnoburb: The New Ethnic Community in Urban America By Wei Li University of Hawaii Press, 2009, Honolulu. 214 pages. Reviewed by Willow Lung Amam Wei Li’s recent book, Ethnoburb: The New Ethnic Community in Urban America proves beyond a doubt that the American suburbs are not what they used to be. This account of the new geography of immigrants and minorities over the latter half of the 20th century argues that a new type of ethnic community has emerged, which is not simply an urban ethnic enclave in suburban dress. Rather, Li argues that this new community differs socially, economically, and politically from its urban counterpart and has evolved from separate factors, including a series of international, national and local changes favoring the suburban migration of wealthy, highly educated and skilled new immigrants. Resulting “ethnoburbs”, as Li terms and defines them, are suburban multiethnic clusters of residential and business districts in large metropolitan areas, where one group has a significant concentration, but does not necessarily hold the majority. Using evidence from Monterrey Park, a “Chinese ethnoburb” outside L.A., Li provides a detailed portrait of life in an environment filled with “monster homes”, “parachute kids”, “spacemen” and “astronauts”, who are “as comfortable crossing oceans and countries as . crossing Main Street, U.S.A.”1 Ethnoburb helps to decipher this new lexicon and the increasing variety of lived experiences within ethnically diverse, new immigrant suburbs. While the history and politics of Monterrey Park has been documented in other literatures, Ethnoburb provides far greater insights into how and why this suburban typology arose than previous work.2 Its analysis of the emergence of the ethnoburb as a result of shifting geopolitics, 1.
    [Show full text]