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A Abangan, 795, 802 Abkhazia, 154 Aboriginal Authors, See Indigenous Index A inequality, 1503 Abangan, 795, 802 injustice, 1503 Abkhazia, 154 institutional reform, 1504 Aboriginal authors, see Indigenous scholars laws/legislation, 1505 Aboriginality legal instruments, 1510 complexity of, 1000 minorities, 1506 concepts of, 995 polity participation, 1507 definition of, 996 preferences, 1502 and ethnicity, 997 procedural rectification, 1507 as fluid concept, 997–998 redistribution, 1502 idea of, 994 riots, 1504 political movement, 1005 societies, 1507 Aboriginal land title, 726 South Africa, 1509 Abuse of human rights, 852 success and failure, 1505 Academic dis-identification, 1412 symbolic goods, 1508 Accommodation, 113 zero-sum contest, 1504 Accommodative constitutional designs, 112 Africans, 660, 663, 665 Acculturation, 844, 1192, 1193, 1197 organic exporting, 1429 Aceh, 968 Afrikaans films, 1981, 1988 highlands, 1958 Afrikaner audiences, 1988 Acehnese choreographers, 1958 Afrikaner cultural nationalism, 1988 Acehnese Freedom movement, 1961 Afro-Amerindian, 1599 Adat, 794, 1453, 1454, 1456, 1458–1461 Afro-Mauritians, 1789 Adventures of a Child of War, 420 Aganuu, 1239 Affective tie, 1225 Agency, 1225 Affirmative action, 21–23 Age of migration, 1814 Ali baba practice, 1510 Agricultural production, 1016 benefits, 1509 Ahle Sunnah wal Jamaah, 830 black community, 1508 Ahmadi/Qadiani, 833, 834 culture and value, 1502 Ahmadiyah, 830 demand, 1504 Aiga (family), 1225 discrimination, 1503, 1506 Alataw Pass, 1025 education, 1507 Alawite community, 134 eligibility in US, 1510 Aliansi Kemanusiaan Indonesia untuk equality and justice, 1502 Myanmar (AKIM), 1902, 1903 group eligibility, 1508 Alii (sacred chief) titles, 1237 identity symbols, 1505 Ali, Moulvi Ameer, 830, 833 incidence, 1503 Ali, Muhammad, 828 individualism and merit, 1505 Aliran, 795 © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 2015 S. Ratuva (ed.), The Palgrave Handbook of Ethnicity, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2898-5 2016 Index Alliance Party, 259 Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA), Allochthon, 2000 1882–1883 All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen Argentina, 851, 858 (AIMIM), 1879 Aristotle, 68 Al Murabitoun Battalion, 762 Arkatia (recruiting agent), 1802, 1806 Al Shabab, 760 Armenian genocide, 1548 Ambon, 1452, 1457 Art museums, 1943 Amelioration policy, 1757 Aruba, 1605 American Civil Rights Movement, 393 Aryans, 485 American Civil War, 393 ASEAN Amerindian Land Commission, 1354 charter, 1894, 1897 Anachronistic equality, 943–944 and Myanmar, 1893 Anak Lagu Penutup, 1971 regionalism, 1893 Ancestor worship, 1790 response, 1900–1902 Ancestral culture, 1784 summits, 1895 ANC government, 1991 way, 1892, 1893 Ancien régime, 1650 ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission Animist-Hindu-Buddhist associations, 1965 on Human Rights (AICHR), 1893, Anjuman Sunnatul Jamaat Association 1897, 1898 (ASJA), 842 Asian Americans, 1484 Ankle bracelets and electronic monitoring, academic success, 1484 1345 admissions discrimination charges, Ansar al-Din, 765 1485–1488 Ansar al-Din Front, 762 discrimination complaints, admissions, Ansari, Maulana, 831 1493 Anthropology, 1447, 1449, 1450, 1461 Harris’ framework, 1493 Anti-capitalism, 1035 Harvard’s holistic approach, 1491 Anti-Fur policy, 663 race conscious admissions, 1486–1487 Anti-immigration policies, 1834 Asian Casino Economy, 1319–1321 Antipodes, 1271 Asian Civilizations Museum, 1950 Anti-racist struggles, 392–393 Asian Development Bank (ADB), 1228 Anti-Semitism, 389, 393 Asia, political subjectivity and LGBTIQ rights Anti-Tamil pogrom, 640 in, see Lesbian, gay, bisexual, Aotearoa/New Zealand, 870, 877, 1266–1280, transgender, intersex and queer 1283, 1285, 1366 (LGBTIQ) Apartheid, 79–83, 86–89 Aspinall, Edward, 1961 Apartheid Museum, 1950 Assam Apartheid state, 464 Bodo community, 1530 African identity, 474–475 community’s political representation, Afrikaner identity, 470–474 1529–1530 colonial era, 464–466 elections and voting, 1528 coloured identity, 475–476 Garo community, 1530 Indian identity, 476–477 grievance redressal, 1531–1533 mining and criminalisation of race, 467–468 Assimilation, 17–18, 844 non-racialism, 478–480 Assimilationist perspective, 1168 Apprenticeship system, 1773 Assimilationist policies, 1172 Arab(s), 660, 663–666 Association of Southeast Asian Nations Arab-African dichotomy, 660, 661 (ASEAN), 1314 Arab-Fur war, 663 Ästerxan (Astrakhan) Khanate, 320 Arab-Islamic project, 658 Asylum, 1836 Arab Spring, 132, 133, 135, 139, 140 Asylum seekers, 1692 Arab world, 132, 133, 135, 140 Atarashii Rekishi o Tsukurukai, 1477 Arakan/Rakhine region, 1578, 1881–1882 Atithi Devo Bhavh, 1885 Index 2017 Atoalii, 1239 Big Man politics, 275 Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), 886, 894 Big-tent’ policy, 668 Atrocities, 387, 1587 Big Three, 1488, 1490 Audiences, 399, 400, 403, 405–406, 408–410 Bikini Atoll, 886, 887, 891, 899 Audit model, 1437, 1438 Bipolar partisan order, 813 Aussiedler, 1674 Black community, 1508 Australia, 887, 888, 891, 895, 1085, 1086 Black consciousness, 479 Austria, 350, 352 Black film industry, 1984, 1985, 1991 challenges to official recognition regime, Blackness, 1978 1868–1870 Black Panther party, 1216 and Germany, 1854–1855 Black people in Europe, 524–527 Islamic faith community, 1864 ethinc differences, 517–522 legacy of Habsburg empire in, 1862–1863 languages, 519 Republic of, 1860–1862 racial similarities, 522–524 Authoritarian rule, 1357 religion and faith communities, 520 Authority, 66, 68, 70, 71, 73 Black peril, 433–436 Authority-focused demands, 159 Bluefields, 1594 Autonomy, 284, 285, 287–289, 291, 294–297, Body snatchers, 1048–1056 852, 858, 860, 863, 968, 1606 Bokayo, 422 Boko Haram, 767 Bolivia, 851, 856, 857, 859, 861 B Bonjol, Tuanku Imam, 792 Baitkas, 1783 Bonnett, J., 68 Bali Democracy Forum (BDF), 1897 Borders, 1248, 1254 Bali process and Indonesian leadership, enforcement, 1343 1897–1900 internal, 1255 Bangladesh, 55, 1576 Border Security and Immigration Enforcement Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar and the Improvements Executive Order, 1340 China-Pakistan Economic Corridors, Bosnia, 1546 1025 Bosnia-Herzegovina Bantu Investment Corporation (BIC), 1983 ethnicized history of, 597–601 Bantustan, 469, 473, 479, 1984 ethnic nationalism, affect and descent into Barefoot in Fire: A World War II war, 545–549 Childhood, 420 fragmented political elites of, 605–609 Barthes, Roland, 66 power-sharing institutions, 601–605 Basilone, John, 1213 non-war in, 549–552 Batırşa, 321 Bosnian political system, 604 Battle of Karbala, 1964 Bosnian public discourse, 550 Batu, 318 Bosnian War, 540, 549, 553 Bau, 248, 250, 253, 261 Bradford, 448, 449, 452 Beche-de-mer, 248 Brain-waste, 1736 Beijing University, 1020 Branding culture, 1959–1962 Belief in a common descent, 43 Bravo operation, 886, 899 Belmokhtar, Mokhtar, 758 Bravo test, 886, 888, 892, 895, 896, 899 Belonging, 80–82, 89, 1252, 1255 Brazil, 853, 859 Belt and Road, 1012 Britannia, 1277, 1278 Berk, F., 65 British, 1581 Bersiap, 793–794 colonial rule, 658 Best Loser System (BLS), 1788 indirect rule, 254 Bhojpuri belt, 1712 British Abolition of Slavery Act in 1833, 1768 Biculturalism British East India Company, 1273, 1276 inequalities and neoliberalism, 874–875 British Indentured Labor system, 1768–1771 in social policy, 878–880 British Land Tenure and Tax laws, 1771 2018 Index British National Party (BNP), 449 Chile, 851, 852, 856, 858, 861 British nuclear testing, 896 China and the Indo-China Peninsula, 1024 British Rāj, 1295 China-Central Asia, 1024 Brixton, 1656 China-Europe trains, 1025 Brussels, 1846 China-Mongolia-Russia, 1024 B-Scheme film subsidy, 1982 China Railway Construction Heavy Industry Buchanan, 1581 company, 1025 Budi Utomo, 793 China’s ethnic policy, 307 Building trust, 1570 China’s land bridge to Asia, 1024 Burma, 1576 China’s State Grid Corporation, 1021 Burnham, Forbes, 1354, 1357 China’s territorial integrity, 1026 Burnley, 448, 449, 451 Chinese, 1335 Burns, Creighton, 260 colonialism, 1019 emigration, four patterns of, 1168 employees, 1326 Exclusion Act, 1173 C immigrants, 1354 Cabo de la Vela, 1596, 1598 indentureship, 1801 Cakobau, Ratu Seru, 248 migrants, 1773 Cakobau government, 248 Chinese Communist Party (CCP), 295, 1013 Calcutta, 1799, 1802, 1803, 1805, 1806 Chinese Islamic Association, 289 Calder, Alexander, 792, 805 Chinese language Internet, 1019 Caliphate State, 768 Chinese Nationalism, 1018, 1019 Calvi, G., 69 Chineseness, 1170 Campanilismo, 1204, 1206–1208, 1212 historical identity of, 1177 Candidate-centric elections, 743 loss of, 1178 Capital accumulation, 1224 in multicultural societies, 1179 Capital acquisition, 1735 Chinese People’s Political Consultative Capital investment, 1012 Conference (CPPCC), 98 Capitalism, 1035, 1041, 1044, 1052, 1053, Chongqing, 1023 1055, 1056, 1058, 1059, 1228, 1770 Christian, 1838 Caribbean Christianity, 1228, 1452, 1454, 1458 estates, 1719–1725 Christian missionaries, 251 plantation, 1713–1719 Christmas (Kiritimati) Island, 887, 892, 898, Indian indentured labourers in, 1711–1726 900, 901 Carr, E.H., 67, 68, 70 Ciarrocchi, Giuseppe, 1215 Casino, 1314–1328 Citizenship, 79, 80, 89, 1249, 1252, 1254, Caste laws, 1781 1678, 1995 Catholics, 1779 Amendment Act of 2005, 238 Cayman Islands, 1605 Chinese, 1171 Census, 1267, 1272, 1283–1306 Indonesian, 1171 2010 census, 1015 Citizenship policy index (CPI), 1855 Center-periphery dynamics, 657–659 Civic identity, 150 Central African Republic, 625 Civic nationalism, 9 Central Americans, 1336 Civic nationhood, 121 Central Asia, 1021 Civic virtue, 277 Centralized planning policy, 1562 Civil
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