DOCSLIB.ORG

City Planning, Design, and Programming for Indigenous Urbanism and Ethnocultural Diversity in Winnipeg

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
City Planning, Design, and Programming for Indigenous Urbanism and Ethnocultural Diversity in Winnipeg CITY PLANNING, DESIGN, AND PROGRAMMING FOR INDIGENOUS URBANISM AND ETHNOCULTURAL DIVERSITY IN WINNIPEG A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy In the Department of Geography and Planning University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon By SAREM MM NEJAD © Copyright Sarem MM Nejad, March 2018. All rights reserved. Permission to Use In presenting this thesis/dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis/dissertation in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis/dissertation work or, in their absence, by the Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis/dissertation or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis/dissertation. Requests for permission to copy or to make other uses of materials in this thesis/dissertation in whole or part should be addressed to: Head of the Department of Geography and Planning Kirk Hall Building 117 Science Place University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5C8 Canada OR Dean College of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies University of Saskatchewan 116 Thorvaldson Building, 110 Science Place Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5C9 Canada i Abstract The production and programming of urban space and place have long been applied to eliminate Indigenous peoples from urban areas and minimise their cultural influence. This thesis investigates Indigenous inclusion in planning processes and placemaking practices in Winnipeg. In this regard, the thesis sought to address critical gaps in the academic literature on Indigenous urbanism and urban planning. Through the analysis of the perspectives gathered from participants, each principal chapter explores a primary objective of the thesis. First, the thesis illustrates that Indigenous inhabitants of Winnipeg feel high levels of social and spatial injustice and invisibility. While Indigenous communities are seeking to participate in urban life, the mechanisms that the municipal administration applies to engage with them are not transformative and reconciliatory. Second, the thesis examines how the design and programming of the built environment of settler cities have played a significant role in the dispossession of Indigenous urban inhabitants and how urban design could function as an empowerment practice. Third, the thesis problematises multiculturalism policies and the ways urban planning approaches ethnocultural diversity and difference. Findings of the study reveal that the fulfilment of the Indigenous right to urbanism would consist of the transformation of existing decision-making and planning processes and procedures on the basis of the recognition of original occupancy and the right to self-determination. Situating Indigenous planning methods as well as resurgent acts of planning and placemaking into pre-existing structures will help Indigenous communities to re- territorialise urban space and advance Indigenous urbanism. Additionally, placemaking has the transformative capacity of reversing the negative symbolic capital associated with Indigenous peoples. To transcend beyond tokenism, Indigenous cultural representation in the built form should not be bound to Eurocentric frameworks and subordinated by the settler mainstream narratives. Furthermore, findings illustrate that Indigenous and ethnocultural diversity groups have started their coexistence in Winnipeg. Foregrounding the broad discourse of diversity and difference helps to demonstrate how urban planning and design is lagging behind the emergent hyper-diversity in Canadian cities. Through increasing the level of literacy and competency in coping with ethnocultural diversity, Indigeneity, and difference, planners and municipal officials could play a better role in enhancing interculturalism. ii Acknowledgements I sincerely thank my supervisor, Professor Ryan Walker, for his continuous support and encouragement throughout this research journey. I am hugely privileged to have had Dr. Walker as my supervisor. I cannot imagine accomplishing my PhD thesis without his exceptional knowledge, leadership, and flexibility in accommodating my approach to research design and the choice of research topics. I am also grateful for the financial assistance I received through Dr. Walker’s grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. I would like to extend thanks to the members of my PhD advisory committee at the University of Saskatchewan for their tremendous help and devotion of time to reading and evaluating my work: Joe Garcea, Xulin Guo, Paul Hackett, and Bob Patrick. I would also like to thank Dr. Leela Viswanathan for serving as my external examiner. I appreciate her time and interest in my research. She offered a wonderful critical perspective and insightful comments and questions during the defence session. I also thank Phyllis Baynes and other staff at the Department of Geography and Planning. I also acknowledge the interview participants in Winnipeg who shared their perspectives on the urban issues discussed in this research. I appreciate their insights and they were fundamental in elaborating concepts and discussions throughout this thesis. The fieldwork was undertaken with the help of Maeengan Linklater, the research facilitator in Winnipeg. I acknowledge his collaboration. I owe an enormous debt of gratitude to my wonderful family for their kindness and inspiration, above all my mother, Azar, my father, Hooshang, and my sister, Sara. Your inspiration and encouragement empowered me to live and study this far from you. iii Dedication I dedicate this thesis to my wonderful wife, Narges, for her unconditional love, patience, and support. I am truly grateful for having you in my life. iv Table of Contents Permission to Use ........................................................................................................................... i Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... iii Dedication ..................................................................................................................................... iv Table of Contents ...........................................................................................................................v List of Tables .............................................................................................................................. viii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... ix Chapter One Introduction ...........................................................................................................1 1.1 Purpose and Objectives ........................................................................................................4 1.2 Research Methods ................................................................................................................9 1.2.1 Research Limitations ........................................................................................................... 14 1.3 Study Context: Indigeneity, Settlement, and Immigration Processes in Winnipeg ...........16 1.3.1 Indigenous Peoples in Winnipeg ......................................................................................... 16 1.3.2 Métis Nation and its Role in the Evolution of Winnipeg .................................................... 21 1.3.3 The Forks: Placemaking in Winnipeg’s Signature Downtown Public Space ..................... 23 1.3.4 Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity in Winnipeg ....................................................... 30 1.4 Organisation of Thesis .......................................................................................................33 Chapter Two Urban Planning and Indigenous Urbanism in Winnipeg .................................36 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................36 2.2 Conceptualising Spatial Production, City Planning, and the Indigenous Right to Urbanism ....................................................................................................................................39 2.2.1 The Production of Urban Space, the Right to the City, and the Indigenous Right to Difference ......................................................................................................................................... 40 2.2.2 Urban Planning Paradigms and Creating Capacities for Coexistence ................................ 45 2.2.3 Indigenous Resurgence, Indigenous Planning .................................................................... 50 2.2.4 Conclusion to the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Indigenous Planning
    Planning Theory & Practice ISSN: 1464-9357 (Print) 1470-000X (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rptp20 Indigenous Planning: from Principles to Practice/ A Revolutionary Pedagogy of/for Indigenous Planning/Settler-Indigenous Relationships as Liminal Spaces in Planning Education and Practice/ Indigenist Planning/What is the Work of Non- Indigenous People in the Service of a Decolonizing Agenda?/Supporting Indigenous Planning in the City/Film as a Catalyst for Indigenous Community Development/Being Ourselves and Seeing Ourselves in the City: Enabling the Conceptual Space for Indigenous Urban Planning/Universities Can Empower the Next Generation of Architects, Planners, and Landscape Architects in Indigenous Design and Planning Libby Porter, Hirini Matunga, Leela Viswanathan, Lyana Patrick, Ryan Walker, Leonie Sandercock, Dana Moraes, Jonathan Frantz, Michelle Thompson-Fawcett, Callum Riddle & Theodore (Ted) Jojola To cite this article: Libby Porter, Hirini Matunga, Leela Viswanathan, Lyana Patrick, Ryan Walker, Leonie Sandercock, Dana Moraes, Jonathan Frantz, Michelle Thompson-Fawcett, Callum Riddle & Theodore (Ted) Jojola (2017) Indigenous Planning: from Principles to Practice/A Revolutionary Pedagogy of/for Indigenous Planning/Settler-Indigenous Relationships as Liminal Spaces in Planning Education and Practice/Indigenist Planning/What is the Work of Non-Indigenous People in the Service of a Decolonizing Agenda?/Supporting Indigenous Planning in the City/Film as a Catalyst for Indigenous Community Development/Being Ourselves and Seeing Ourselves in the City: Enabling the Conceptual Space for Indigenous Urban Planning/Universities Can Empower the Next Generation of Architects, Planners, and Landscape Architects in Indigenous Design and Planning, Planning Theory & Practice, 18:4, 639-666, DOI: 10.1080/14649357.2017.1380961 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2017.1380961 Published online: 15 Nov 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Community Planning: Ways of Being, Knowing and Doing DRAFT
    PLAN 533: Indigenous Community Planning: ways of being, knowing and doing DRAFT 2019-20 Winter Term 1 Introductory session: Wed 11th Sept, 12.30 – 2pm, WMA 240 (All registered and waitlist students MUST attend this Intro class) Sept 28 and 29: 10am -5pm (Musqueam and UBC) Nov 2nd and 3rd : 10am – 5pm (Musqueam and UBC) Nov 23rd and 24th: 10am – 5pm (Musqueam and UBC) Instructors: Drs. Leonie Sandercock & Maggie Low (SCARP) + Dr. Leona Sparrow, Musqueam Indian Band/ SCARP Adjunct Professor, and other Musqueam knowledge holders. This course is a requirement for ICP students in SCARP, and is limited to 15 students. It is open to all SCARP students, and also to First Nations & Indigenous Studies students (300 and 400 level) who have met Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies requirements for taking graduate level courses, and to graduate students from other departments, depending on available space. See Registration form for details: http://www.grad.ubc.ca/forms/students/UndergradEnrol.pdf ATTENDANCE: 100% attendance is mandatory for this course. If you cannot commit to attending all six full days over the three weekends, you should not register for this course. Any half day absence will incur a 10% deduction from your final grade. (Exceptions of course for illness or emergency) Key words Indigenous world view; indigenous planning; Indigenous ways of knowing and governance systems; UNDRIP; comprehensive community planning (CCP); unceded territories; colonization; decolonization; contact zone; settler societies; respect, recognition, rights; traditional ecological knowledge; co-existence, reconciliation, partnership. Course Outline This course starts with acknowledging the history of colonization of Indigenous peoples in Canada, and asks if planning has been a part of that process.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainability and Indigenous Interests in Regional Land Use Planning: Case Study of the Peel Watershed Process in Yukon, Canada
    Sustainability and Indigenous Interests in Regional Land Use Planning: Case Study of the Peel Watershed Process in Yukon, Canada by Emily Caddell A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Environment Studies in Environment and Resource Studies Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2018 ©Emily Caddell 2018 Author’s Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract Canada’s northern territories, including the Yukon, are facing significant social, economic, political and ecological change. Devolution processes and comprehensive land claim agreements with self- governing First Nations have given rise to new land and resource decision making processes, including Regional Land Use Planning (RLUP). Project level Environmental Assessments (EAs) have been a main tool for governments to meet some of their fiduciary responsibilities to Indigenous peoples under Section 35 of Canada’s Constitution and to mitigate potentially adverse environmental impacts of non- renewable resource development projects. However, project level EAs are ill-equipped to address cumulative effects, regional conservation needs, broad alternatives and overall sustainability considerations central to Indigenous interests. RLUPs, if designed and authorized to guide project planning and assessment, are a more promising tool for addressing these interests, but how well they can serve both sustainability and Indigenous interests is not yet suitably demonstrated. RLUP processes established under comprehensive land claim agreements with First Nations in the Yukon enable cooperative decision-making about the future of the territory, including the pace and scale of non-renewable resource development and regions set aside for conservation.
    [Show full text]
  • Stur on Li, 'Ethnoburb: the New Ethnic Community in Urban America'
    H-Urban Stur on Li, 'Ethnoburb: The New Ethnic Community in Urban America' Review published on Thursday, August 20, 2009 Wei Li. Ethnoburb: The New Ethnic Community in Urban America. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2009. xvii + 214 pp. $56.00 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-8248-3065-6. Reviewed by Heather M. Stur (University of Southern Mississippi) Published on H-Urban (August, 2009) Commissioned by Sharon L. Irish Maintaining Diversity in U.S. Suburbs Classic American images of suburbia usually depict white, middle-class, native-born families living out the “American Dream.” Immigrants, on the other hand, remained in urban ethnic neighborhoods, often cramped and crime-ridden, until they saved enough money to move to the suburbs and assimilate into mainstream white society. However, beginning in the 1960s and continuing through the present, a number of political and economic conditions have led to the creation of what Wei Li calls “ethnoburbs”-- suburban neighborhoods dominated residentially and commercially by non-white ethnic groups. Focusing specifically on Chinese ethnoburbs in Los Angeles County, Li draws widely on U.S. Census data to argue that the global economy, geopolitics, and changes in U.S. immigration policies spurred the development of ethnoburbs in which immigrants of diverse income and educational levels create communities with class stratification and both international and local businesses. Li opens her study by situating it within the theoretical literature on racial and spatial formation before developing her concept of the ethnoburb. Unlike urban immigrant “ethnic enclaves,” in which the majority of residents are low-income and limited in employable skills, ethnoburbs draw a wide range of immigrants, from wealthy, highly educated entrepreneurs to poor, unskilled workers.
    [Show full text]
  • State of Immigrants in LA County
    State of Immigrants, 1 Los Angeles County State of Immigrants in LA County January 2020 USC Center for the Study of Immigrant Integration and release of this report. Finally, thank you to CCF, State of Immigrants, 2 (CSII) would like to thank everyone involved in the James Irvine Foundation, Bank of America, and Los Angeles County producing the first annual State of Immigrants in Jonathan Woetzel for their support which made L.A. County (SOILA) report. The goal was to create a SOILA possible. resource for community-based organizations, local governments, and businesses in their immigrant We would also like to extend deep appreciations integration efforts. To that end, we sought the to the members of the CCF Council on Immigrant wisdom of a range of partners that have made this Integration for commissioning this report and for report what it is. their feedback and suggestions along the way. A special thank you to all organizations interviewed The work here—including data, charts, tables, for case studies that donated their time and Acknowledgments writing, and analysis—was prepared by Dalia expertise to further bolster our analysis. Gonzalez, Sabrina Kim, Cynthia Moreno, and Edward-Michael Muña at CSII. Graduate research assistants Thai Le, Sarah Balcha, Carlos Ibarra, and Blanca Ramirez heavily contributed to charts, writing, and analysis. Thank you to Manuel Pastor and Rhonda Ortiz at CSII, as well as Efrain Escobedo and Rosie Arroyo from the California Community Foundation (CCF) for their direction, feedback, and support that fundamentally shaped this report. Sincere appreciations to Justin Scoggins (CSII) for his thoughtful and thorough data checks.
    [Show full text]
  • From Chinatown to Ethnoburb: the Chinese in Toronto
    The 5th WCILCOS International Conference of Institutes and Libraries for Chinese Overseas Studies Chinese through the Americas May 16‐19, 2012 Vancouver, B.C. Canada From Chinatown to Ethnoburb: The Chinese in Toronto Arlene Chan Retired librarian, Toronto Public Library The definition, face, and location of Chinatowns have changed significantly as Chinese communities establish themselves inside and beyond their boundaries. This paper demonstrates that both the older and contemporary Chinatowns in the Greater Toronto Area have developed in response to patterns of Chinese migration relative to the socio- economic, political, and cultural status of the Chinese in Canadian society. The history of the Chinese in Canada has been examined in many historical works, such as by Morton (1973), Con (1982), and Lai (1988). On the narrower subject of the Chinese in Toronto, academic research is extensive on a variety of topics reflecting the complexity and diversity of the Chinese communities, including the landmark papers of the early Chinese community by Mah (1977; 1978). The transition out of the downtown core into the suburbs has been studied, as by Lo 1997; however, only one book, Toronto’s Chinatown, has been published (Thompson, 1989) and this one focuses on its social organizations. My paper draws upon the qualitative findings of a literature search and interviews with descendants of the early Chinatown residents and business owners, as well as my own first-hand experiences. Having grown up in what-is-now-called Old Chinatown, I identified and interpreted the myriad and confluence of factors that has affected the settlement patterns of the Chinese in Toronto.
    [Show full text]
  • Race, Ethnicity, and Income Segregation in Los Angeles
    RACE, ETHNICITY, AND INCOME SEGREGATION IN LOS ANGELES Paul Ong, Chhandara Pech, Jenny Chhea, C. Aujean Lee UCLA Center for Neighborhood Knowledge June 24, 2016 DISCLAIMER: The contents, claims, and finding of this report are the sole responsibility of the authors, and do not necessarily represent the opinions of UCLA or its administration. The authors are not liable for misinterpretations of the provided information or policy failures based on analyses provided in this report. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: We thank the UCLA Ziman Center for Real Estate Howard and Irene Levine Program in Housing and Social Responsibility and Haynes Foundation for their generous funding. We would also like to thank the staff of the UCLA Center for Neighborhood Knowledge for providing support. RACE, ETHNICITY, AND INCOME SEGREGATION IN LOS ANGELES ABSTRACT There is a disagreement amongst scholars about how much income differences play in generating residential segregation. While most social scientists point to individual prejudices and institutional racism, others counter that segregation is a byproduct of systematic economic differences. For example, some minority groups are poorer and are thus disproportionately concentrated in low-income neighborhood. This paper examines 1) the demographic and socio- economic transformation of Los Angeles from 1960 and onward 2) the role of race and ethnicity in the spatial geographic housing patterns, with a specific focus on levels of segregation, and 3) whether racial segregation could be explained by systematic differences in income across racial/ethnic groups. The findings indicate that although black-white segregation has been decreasing steadily, segregation remains high while increasing amongst Hispanics. From comparing these observed dissimilarity indices and census tract majority groups with simulated numbers based on income, this study also finds that income differences alone do not explain residential segregation and that many other factors (including race) come into play.
    [Show full text]
  • Diverse Experiences of the Children of Asian Immigrants Min Zhou UCLA
    Draft, 05/01/2017 Comments welcome, please do not cite without authors permission. Growing Up under the Shadow of the Model Minority: Diverse Experiences of the Children of Asian Immigrants Min Zhou UCLA Carl L. Bankston III Tulane University Presented at the meeting on “Children of Immigrants in New Places of Settlement,” the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Cambridge, MA, April 19-21, 2017. Abstract: Asians Americans are the fastest growing racial minority in the United States largely due to rapid immigration in the past 40 years. Although they comprise less than six percent of the total U.S. population, they are highly visible in professional occupations, and their children, coming of age since the 1990s, are making their way into the country’s prestigious universities and primary sectors of the labor market. A common perception is that Asians in the U.S. are the “good” immigrants — doctors, engineers, scientists, and prosperous business owners, or that their children are “good” students—academically high achievers and math or techno wizards poised to a successful future. This paper will explain how positive perceptions reinforce the model minority stereotype and how this stereotype glosses over critical issues confronting the children of Asian immigrants, especially those who don’t fit that stereotype and those who live in places distant from their coethnic communities. Introduction Asians Americans are the fastest growing racial minority in the United States. Their numbers have increased by 60-percent over the last decade, largely due to international migration. Although they comprise less than six percent of the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • A WAY to CHINESE IMMIGRANTS' AMERICAN DREAM B
    ABSTRACT SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION AND INTERNAL MIGRATION AMONG CHINESE ETHNOBURBS -A WAY TO CHINESE IMMIGRANTS’ AMERICAN DREAM by Wan Yu This paper aims to analyze the spatial transformation of Chinese American’s “ethnoburbs” and the migration trends among them. With well-established Chinese Americans moving out of the old “ethnoburbs” to the new ones and new immigrants filling into the old “ethnoburbs”, the population of both old and new “ethnoburbs” is increasing, but the internal migration flows reflect the spatial transformation of the Chinese suburban communities. Using a comparative analysis of community landscape, spatial patterns, socioeconomic status of residents, and public services between the old “suburban Chinatown” Monterey Park and the newly thriving Chinese “ethnoburb” Rowland Heights in suburban Los Angeles, this paper examines the disparities and connections between old and new Chinese “ethnoburbs”. The transformation of Chinese “ethnoburbs” and internal migration flows among them reflect a way to achieve Chinese immigrants’ American Dream. SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION AND INTERNAL MIGRATION AMONG CHINESE ETHNOBURBS -A WAY TO CHINESE IMMIGRANTS’ AMERICAN DREAM A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts Department of Geography by Wan Yu Miami University Oxford, Ohio 2010 Advisor: James M. Rubenstein Reader: Stanley W. Toops Reader: David L. Prytherch Table of Contents Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………………ii List of Tables………………………………………………………………………………...v
    [Show full text]
  • The Ethnic Myth Race, Ethnicity, and Class in America 3Rd Edition Download Free
    THE ETHNIC MYTH RACE, ETHNICITY, AND CLASS IN AMERICA 3RD EDITION DOWNLOAD FREE Stephen Steinberg | 9780807041536 | | | | | The Ethnic Myth Consociationalism Cultural appropriation Diaspora politics Dominant minority Ethnic democracy Ethnic enclave Ethnic interest group Ethnic majority Ethnic media The Ethnic Myth Race pornography Ethnic theme park Ethnoburb Ethnocracy Ethnographic film Ethnographic village Indigenous rights Middleman minority Minority rights Model minority Multinational state. Social Cultural. OpenEdition Search Newsletter. However, in his discussion of crime, I thought Steinberg missed an opportunity to take his argument further. Without examining the criteria used in this census, one has no way of knowing for sure. Amalgamation then becomes indistinguishable not from equality but from equality at its lowest The Ethnic Myth Race. This, in a nutshell, is the political thrust of the recent studies of ethnicity, and it cannot be disputed. Ali Tanner rated it really liked it Mar 25, London; New York: Routledge. Search for:. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ethnic groups. Society portal. Ethnicity theory says that race is a social category and is but one of several factors in determining ethnicity. The author delves into whether the U. View 1 comment. Two periods frequently cited as examples of this are the 19th-century consolidation and expansion of the German Empire and the 20th century Nazi Germany. Members of excluded groups, consequently, will either demand inclusion based on equality or seek autonomy, sometimes even to the extent of complete political separation in their nation-state. Hall observes, World War II was a turning point in ethnic studies. As Jonathan M. Because it rejects as it clarifies most of the Ethnicity wisdom on race, ethnicity, and immigration in the United States, The Ethnic Myth has the force of a scholarly bomb.
    [Show full text]
  • A Abangan, 795, 802 Abkhazia, 154 Aboriginal Authors, See Indigenous
    Index A inequality, 1503 Abangan, 795, 802 injustice, 1503 Abkhazia, 154 institutional reform, 1504 Aboriginal authors, see Indigenous scholars laws/legislation, 1505 Aboriginality legal instruments, 1510 complexity of, 1000 minorities, 1506 concepts of, 995 polity participation, 1507 definition of, 996 preferences, 1502 and ethnicity, 997 procedural rectification, 1507 as fluid concept, 997–998 redistribution, 1502 idea of, 994 riots, 1504 political movement, 1005 societies, 1507 Aboriginal land title, 726 South Africa, 1509 Abuse of human rights, 852 success and failure, 1505 Academic dis-identification, 1412 symbolic goods, 1508 Accommodation, 113 zero-sum contest, 1504 Accommodative constitutional designs, 112 Africans, 660, 663, 665 Acculturation, 844, 1192, 1193, 1197 organic exporting, 1429 Aceh, 968 Afrikaans films, 1981, 1988 highlands, 1958 Afrikaner audiences, 1988 Acehnese choreographers, 1958 Afrikaner cultural nationalism, 1988 Acehnese Freedom movement, 1961 Afro-Amerindian, 1599 Adat, 794, 1453, 1454, 1456, 1458–1461 Afro-Mauritians, 1789 Adventures of a Child of War, 420 Aganuu, 1239 Affective tie, 1225 Agency, 1225 Affirmative action, 21–23 Age of migration, 1814 Ali baba practice, 1510 Agricultural production, 1016 benefits, 1509 Ahle Sunnah wal Jamaah, 830 black community, 1508 Ahmadi/Qadiani, 833, 834 culture and value, 1502 Ahmadiyah, 830 demand, 1504 Aiga (family), 1225 discrimination, 1503, 1506 Alataw Pass, 1025 education, 1507 Alawite community, 134 eligibility in US, 1510 Aliansi Kemanusiaan Indonesia untuk equality and justice, 1502 Myanmar (AKIM), 1902, 1903 group eligibility, 1508 Alii (sacred chief) titles, 1237 identity symbols, 1505 Ali, Moulvi Ameer, 830, 833 incidence, 1503 Ali, Muhammad, 828 individualism and merit, 1505 Aliran, 795 © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
    [Show full text]
  • First Nation Community Planning in Saskatchewan, Canada
    JPEXXX10.1177/0739456X15621147Journal of Planning Education and ResearchPrusak et al. 621147research-article2015 Research-Based Article Journal of Planning Education and Research 1 –11 Toward Indigenous Planning? © The Author(s) 2015 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav First Nation Community Planning DOI: 10.1177/0739456X15621147 in Saskatchewan, Canada jpe.sagepub.com S. Yvonne Prusak1, Ryan Walker2, and Robert Innes2 Abstract “Indigenous planning” is an emergent paradigm to reclaim historic, contemporary, and future-oriented planning approaches of Indigenous communities across western settler states. This article examines a community planning pilot project in eleven First Nation reserves in Saskatchewan, Canada. Qualitative analysis of interviews undertaken with thirty-six participants found that the pilot project cultivated the terrain for advancing Indigenous planning by First Nations, but also reproduced settler planning processes, authority, and control. Results point to the value of visioning Indigenous futures, Indigenous leadership and authority, and the need for institutional development. Keywords aboriginal, community planning, First Nation, Indigenous planning, reservation, reserve Introduction This article examines a multiyear community planning pilot project undertaken from 2006 to 2011 on the principal “Indigenous planning” is an emergent paradigm in contempo- reserves of eleven of those Saskatchewan First Nations. The rary planning discourse that aims to reclaim the historic, con- pilot project was an initiative of the federal government’s temporary, and future-oriented planning approaches of Department of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Indigenous communities across western settler states like Canada (AANDC). The planning consultant team hired by Canada, the United States, New Zealand, and Australia AANDC to undertake the pilot project with First Nations and (Jojola 2008; Matunga 2013; Walker, Jojola, and Natcher their affiliated tribal councils was the Cities and Environment 2013).
    [Show full text]