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Continue 2014 Renault Clio Estate2009 Ford Mondeo1991-1996 Buick Roadmaster wagon, also called wagon or wagon, is a car body style that has a two-wheeled design, a large cargo area and a rear rear door that loops to open to access the cargo area. The body style is similar to a hatchback, but the station wagons are longer and are likely to have a roof line extended to the rear of the car (resulting in a vertical rear surface of the car) to increase the available cargo space. The names of the wagon and wagon are the result because of the original purpose of the car in carrying people and luggage between the country estate and the nearest station. The first station wagons produced in the United States around 1910 were wooden conversions of existing passenger cars. In the 1930s, automakers in the United States, Britain and France began producing models in a similar style, and by the 1950s the body of the tree was replaced by a steel body. Models of station wagons sold well from the 1950s to the 1970s, after which sales declined as the popularity of minivans and SUVs increased. The name, which reflects the original purpose of transporting people and luggage between country estates and railway stations, is called real estate car or real estate in the United Kingdom or universal in North America, New York, Australia and Africa. In the United States, early models with open wooden bodies became known as woodies. The term Kombi is used in Germany, short for Kombinationskraftwagen (combined vehicle). (quote necessary) Universals were on the market using the French term break de chasse (sometimes abbreviated break), which translates as hunting break, due to the overall pedigree with body-style shoot-brakes. Manufacturers can designate station wagons in different model lines with a branded plate. Examples include Vanguard, Caravan, Kombi, Sports Tourer, Sports Wagon, Turer, Turing and Option. Design Characteristics Comparison with hatchbacks Typical configurations of a pillar sedan (three boxes), a wagon (two boxes) and a hatchback (two boxes) from the same model line of station wagons and hatchbacks have a common two-court configuration of design, total interior for passengers and cargo and a rear door (often called the rear door in the case of a station wagon), which depends on the level of the roof. Folding rear seats (to create more space for cargo) are also common on both station wagons and hatchbacks. The hallmarks of hatchbacks and station wagons are: D-pillar: station wagons are more likely to have A-pillar (hatchbacks and station wagons have A-, B- and C-pillars). Volume of cargo: Universals give priority to the volume of passengers and cargo - with volume of cargo. Of the two body styles, the roof of the station wagon (seen in profile) most likely extends to the rear of the vehicle, attaching the full volume of the load - the roof hatchback (especially the roof liftback) can most likely rake down steeply behind the C-Pillar, prioritises style over the interior, with a shorter rear overhang and with smaller windows (or no windows) towards the volume of the load. Other differences are more variable and could potentially include: The contour of the cargo floor: the wagon often has a folded flat floor (to increase capacity), while the hatchback is likely to have a cargo floor with a pronounced contour. (quote is necessary) Seating: Some station wagons have three rows of seats, while the hatchback will have no more than two. The rear row of seats in the station wagon is often located in the cargo area and can be front, rear or side. Rear suspension: The wagon can include a reconfigured rear suspension for additional payload capacity and minimize intrusion into cargo volume. Rear door: Hatchbacks are usually equipped with top lift loops to access the load, with variations ranging from two-part lift to a complex rear door that can function either as a full rear door or as a trunk/boot cover. The station wagons are also equipped with numerous configurations of rear carriages. Hatchbacks can be called Liftbacks when the opening area is very sloping and the door rises to open. General Motors' design director described the difference as: Where you break the roof, at what angle the spirit of the car is determined, he said. You could have a 90-degree break in the back and a wagon. Universals have become commonplace to use a platform shared with other body styles, which has resulted in many common components (e.g. chassis, engine, transmission, A-pillar body, interior features and additional features) for the station wagon, sedan and hatchback. Tailgate designs the Renault/Dacia Logan MCV 1.5 DCI wagon with a dual side rear door Many modern station wagons have an upward, full width, full height rear door supported by gas springs - often where the rear window can swing on its own. A number of other designs have been used in the past. Split Gate's earliest citation needed general style was the up swinging box combined with a downward swinging back door. Both worked manually. This configuration tended to be dominated from the early origins of body wagon style in the 1920s to the 1940s. It remained in use until 1960 on several models offered by Ford, including the 1957-58 Del Rio two-door wagon. Retractable window In the early 1950s began to appear rear doors with manual bent rear windows. Later in this decade, electricity Applied to the back door window - it can be controlled from the driver's seat as well as the keyhole in the back door. By the early 1960s, this arrangement was extended to both full-size and compact carriages. Side hinge: A side hinged back door that opened like a door was offered on some three-seater wagons to make it easier for rear-row passengers to enter and exit the rear seats. This was later supplanted by a double hinged back door. 1963 Studebaker Wagonaire with rear roof retractable retractable roof They have a retractable rear roof as well as the usual rear rear doors that are stacked to carry high objects that are not suitable otherwise. The configuration appeared on the Studebaker Wagonaire wagon and the 2003 GMC Envoy XUV. Double and three operating gates In the United States, Ford's full-size wagons in 1966 introduced a system positioned as Magic Doorgate - a conventional rear door with a retractable rear window, where the rear door can either fold or open a turn on the side hinge - with the rear window removed anyway. Competitors market their versions like Drop and Swing or Double Tailgate Action. In 1969, Ford included a design that allowed the rear glass to stay up or down when the door was opened on the side hinge, a marketing system that was designed by Donald N. Frey as the Three- Move Magic Doorgate. Similar configurations have become the standard for full-size and intermediate station wagons from GM, Ford, Chrysler and AMC. GM added a notch to the rear bumper, which acted as a step plate; to fill the gap, a small part of the bumper was attached to the door gate. When opened as a swinging door, this part of the bumper has moved away, allowing the depression in the bumper to provide a step to facilitate the entrance; When the gates have been opened by being lowered or raised in a closed position, the chrome section remains in place, making the bumper intact. 1971 Buick Estate Wagon with clam shell tailgate Clam shell full-size General Motors 1971-1976 station wagons - Chevrolet Kingswood, Townman, Brookwood, Bel Air, Impala, and Caprice Estates; Pontiac Safari and Grand Safari; The Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser, and Buick Estate model - featured clam shell design on the market as Glide-away tailgate, is also called the disappearance of the back door because when opening, the rear door was completely out of sight. On the shell design of the clam, the rear power-operated glass slid up into the roof and the lower tailgate (with either manual or mandatory force), is lowered completely under the load floor. The manual lower rear door was balanced by the torque of the rod similar to the torque rods used in holding the trunk lid open, requiring a 35 pound push to completely lower the gate. Lifting the hand gate 5 pounds pull through the manual integral to the top edge of the retractable gate. Power Power The top glass and lower rear door became standard equipment in later model years. The design wagons featured an additional third row of seats with forward rewind, access to the rear side doors and folding second-row seat, and could accommodate 4 x 8' sheet plywood with folded rear seats. The design of the shell of the mollusk did not require an increase in the area or operating area to open, allowing the user to stand on the opening of the cargo without obstructing the door - for example, in a closed garage. Gm's subsequent full-size wagons returned to the style of the door gates for their full-size carriages. Lift-gate Simplified, one piece of lift-gate on small carriages. The next generation of full-size GM wagons returned to the rising back window, as was used in the 1940s. Renault Laguna II Estate with swing window swing-up window: up-lift, full height, full rear door width where the window on the back door can be open regardless of the back door itself. The window also opens up and is held on pneumatic supports. The Renault Laguna II wagon and the wagon were distinguished by such layout. Folded license plate: The wagons (including the Volvo Amazon wagon, early Range-Rover and Subaru Baja models) had an ascending folding hinged license plate attached to the lower rear door of the split rear door. When the back door was folded, the plate hung down and remained readable. The station wagon version of the Citroen DS, differently called Break, Familiale or Safari, had a different solution: two license plates were installed on the back door at right angles to each other so that one could be visible in any position. Cargo barriers can be used to prevent unsecured cargo from causing injury in the event of a sudden slowdown, collision or rollover. The 1994 Audi RS2, developed in conjunction with Porsche, is considered to be the world's first performance wagon. Prior to that, performance model station wagons included the 1970 (XY) 'Grand Sport' package, the 1973 Chevrolet Chevelle Malibu SS-454 and the 1992 BMW M5 (E34). Several German manufacturers have released station wagon versions of high performance models such as audi RS4, Audi RS6, Mercedes-AMG C63, Mercedes-AMG E63, BMW M5 (E60/E61), Volkswagen Golf R and Volkswagen Passat R36 station wagons. The History of the Origin of the Wooden Body Wagon: 1914 Ford Model TSteel-Body Wagon: 1948 Crosley CC First wagons were built around 1910, independent manufacturers produced wooden custom bodies for the chassis of the . Originally they were called depot hacks because they worked around train depots like khaki (short for carriage, as were the taxis known then). They were also known as carriers and suburbs. In the After all, automakers production of their own station wagon designs. In 1923, Star (a division of Durant Motors) became the first car company to offer a wagon assembled on its production line (using the wooden body of a wagon shipped from an external supplier). The frame of the wooden bodies was a steel shell and covered with tinted varnish for protection. These wooden bodies required constant maintenance: varnishes required re-coating and extension/reduction of wood meant that bolts and screws required periodic re-tightening. In 1922, Essex Closed Coach became the first mass-produced car to use a steel body (in this case, a fully enclosed sedan body style). The first body of the station wagon was the Chevrolet Suburban 1935. As part of the overall trend in the automotive industry, wooden bodies have dried up all steel bodies due to their strength, cost and durability. By 1951, most of the station wagons were produced with steel hulls. United States 1910 to 1945: woodie wagons See also: Woodie (car body style) 1929 Ford Model A1940 Pontiac Special Series 25 Universals were originally considered commercial vehicles (rather than consumer cars) and framing early when? wagons were left without a shell, due to the commercial nature of the vehicles. The status of the commercial vehicle also affected the registration of these vehicles, for example, in Pennsylvania there were special Suburban license plates that were used in the 1960s, long after the station wagons became automobiles. Early station wagons were cars with a fixed roof, but lacked glass, which usually encloses the passenger compartment, and has only benches. Instead of glass, the side curtains of the canvas could be deployed. Tighter curtains can be attached in place to protect passengers from the elements outside. The roofs of the wooden wagons were usually made of stretched canvas, which was treated with waterproofing bandages. The manufacture of wooden bodies was initially outsourced to individual body builders, because the production of the bodies was very laborious. One of the first builders of body wagons was the Stoughton Wagon Company from Wisconsin, which began to put custom body wagons on the chassis of the Ford Model T in 1919, and by 1929 became the largest manufacturer of chassis for station wagons. (quote is needed) Since Ford owned its own forest and hardwood mills (at the Iron Ford Mountain Plant in that today Kingsford, Michigan in the Upper Michigan Peninsula) it began supplying wooden components for the Model A station wagon (page required) Also in 1929 T. Cantrell began supplying wooden bodies for Chrysler cars, which lasted until 1931. By the 1930s, station wagons had become expensive and well-equipped When it was introduced in 1941, Chrysler Town and Country was the most expensive car in the company's lineup. 1945 to 1970: Steel Body Wagon First Steel Body Wagon: Chevrolet Carryall Suburban (1937 model shown)1954 Plymouth Savoy Station Wagon1958 AMC Ambassador 4-door uns forceless hardtop wagon The first all-steel wagon was the 1935 Chevrolet Suburban, which was built on the chassis of the truck panel. However, most of the station wagons were made with wooden bodies until the end of World War II. When automotive production resumed after World War II, advances in manufacturing technology made all steel organ wagons more practical, eliminating the cost, noise, and maintenance associated with wooden bodies. The first mass steel wagon was the 1946 Willys wagon based on the chassis of the Jeep CJ-2A. In 1947, Crosley presented a steel all-round version of the Crosley CC Four. The first post-war wagon based on the chassis of a car was the suburb of Plymouth in 1949, which used a two-door body. Several manufacturers produced steel and wooden wagons simultaneously for several years, for example, Plymouth continued to produce wooden body wagons until 1950. The last wooden body station produced in the United States was the 1953 Buick Super Estate. Universals experienced the highest level of production in the United States from the 1950s to the 1970s. Models without poles can be expensive to manufacture, add wind noise and create structural problems with body torque. In 1959, GM eliminated the non-column wagon from the lineup, while AMC and Ford left the field starting in 1960 and 1961, leaving Chrysler and Dodge in the style of bodywork in the 1964 model year. 1970 to 1990: Competition from 1986-1988 Plymouth Reliant Station Wagon Station Wagons - particularly full-size station wagons - in the United States was blunted by increased fuel prices caused by the oil crisis of 1973. Then, in 1983, the station wagon market was further undermined by Chrysler minivans based on the K platform. CAFE U.S. standards gave the advantage to minivans (and then SUVs) over station wagons because minivans and SUVs were classified as trucks in the United States, and therefore subject to less fuel austerity and emissions regulations. Cars remained popular in Europe and in places where emissions and efficiency rules did not distinguish between cars and light trucks. 1990 to the present: The competition from the 1996 Buick Roadmaster Limited Wagon SUV and the popularity of SUVs, which are closely close to the traditional wagon body style, was another blow. After a sales struggle, the Chevrolet Caprice and Buick Roadmaster, the last American full-size cars, were discontinued in 1996. Smaller station wagons were on the market as cheaper alternatives to SUVs and minivans. Domestic wagons also remained in the Ford, Mercury and Saturn lines, but after 2004 these compact wagons also began to gradually be prepared in the United States. The Ford Taurus station wagon was discontinued in 2005, and the wagon was discontinued in 2008. An exception to this trend were the Subaru Legacy and Subaru Outback station wagons, which continue to be produced at the Subaru plant in Indiana. With other brands, the niche previously occupied by station wagons is now primarily filled with a similar style of crossover, which usually has the support of the car and the body of the station wagon. Imported station wagons, despite the fact that they remain popular in other countries, have struggled in the United States. European luxury car manufacturers such as Audi, BMW and Mercedes-Benz have continued to offer station wagons in their North American ranges (on the market using Avant, Touring and Estate labels, respectively). However, these vehicles had less trim and power train levels than their sedan counterparts. The Mercedes-Benz E63 AMG in The Estate is a station wagon on offer in the U.S. market. The station wagon variants of the smaller Mercedes-Benz C-Class lineup were removed in 2007 and the BMW 5 Series Touring Models were discontinued in 2010, due to slow sales in the United States of only 400 cars sold in 2009. In 2012, the Volvo V50 compact wagon was withdrawn from the U.S. market due to poor sales. The Cadillac CTS spawned a colleague's wagon, the 2010 CTS Sportwagon, which defied the trend by offering almost as many trim levels as its sedan counterpart. The CTS station wagon, especially in high performance CTS-V finishes, received positive reviews until it was discontinued in 2014. In 2011, the Toyota Prius V introduced hybrid power in the compact station wagon market, but was discontinued in 2017 to optimize Toyota's hybrid lineup and focus on the RAV4 hybrid crossover. In 2015, VW Golf Sportwagen was sold as a subcompact wagon in the North American market. In 2019, Volkswagen announced the abolition of Sportwagen in the U.S. market. In 2016, Volvo reintroduced a large wagon with Volvo V90 to the U.S. market, but only on a special order. Imitation wooden panels See also: Body style) - Imitation of wood grain 1988 AMC Eagle Wagon with simulated wooden panels1950 Plymouth Woodie Station Wagon As wooden bodies were replaced by steel bodies from 1945 to 1953, manufacturers used the wooden decorative finish of steel body wagons as a visual connection with the previous wooden style. By the late 1950s, the wooden finish was replaced with modeled wood in the form of vinyl coatings. The was a model that was easily recognizable by its simulated wooden finish, and the Squire trim level was available in several different Ford lineups, including the Falcon Squire, the Fairlane Squire, and the 1970s Pinto Squire. Squire has always had the highest trim level of any Ford Wagon and included signature wood grain appliques, and usually an extra exterior chrome, nicer interior finish, special emblems, etc. Other models of wood-style wagons produced in significant quantities include the 1984-1993 Jeep Grand Wagoneer, the 1968-1998 Chrysler Town and the country, the 1970-1990 Buick Estate, the 1971-1992 Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser and the 1969-1972 Chevrolet Kingswood Estate. Full-size station wagons 1969 Ford LTD Country Squire From the 1950s to the 1990s many full-size American station wagons could be selected with a third row of seats in the cargo area (above the rear aaxis) for a total of nine seats. Until 1956, the third row of seats were ahead. The 1957 Chrysler models had too low a roof to allow forward-moving in the cargo area, so a back seat was used for the third row. General Motors took the back third row for most models in 1959-1971 and 1977-1996. However the 1964-1972 Oldsmobile Vista Cruiser and 1964-1969 Buick Sport Wagon featured raised roof lines starting above the second seat row and continuing all the way up to the rear rear door, bringing the third row of seats forward face. General Motors also used prospective seats for the third row in the 1971-1976 clam shell wagons. The full-size Ford and Mercury station wagons, built after 1964, were available with four rows of seats, with two rear rows in the cargo area and facing each other. The third and fourth rows were designed for two people each (although these seats were quite narrow in later models), giving a total capacity of ten people. The trend since the 1980s for small station wagon makers has limited seating to two rows, bringing the total capacity to five people, or six people, if the front seat bench is used. Since the 1990s, full-size station wagons have been largely replaced by three-seat SUVs such as the Chevrolet , Mercedes-Benz GL-Class и Dodge Durango. Двухдверные вагоны 1958 1958 Suburban hardtop1971 Chevrolet Vega Kammback The first two-door wagon was the 1946 Willys Jeep Station Wagon. Other early two-door station wagons were The Nash Rambler of 1951 and the 1954 Studebaker Conestoga. In 1956, Studebaker introduced three new two-door cars in Pelham, Parkview and Pinehurst. General Motors began producing two-door station wagons in 1955 with Chevrolet Handyman and Pontiac Chieftain. In 1955, General Motors also introduced the and Pontiac Safari sports line. Ford began production of steel twin-door station wagons in 1952 with the . In 1956, Ford responded to Nomad and Safari with its own sporty two-door wagon, the Ford Parklane. Parklane was a one year-only model, replaced by the in 1957. Following the merger of Nash and Hudson, the new company, American Motors (AMC) reintroduced the two-door wagon in the new Rambler American line in 1958. It was a recycling with several modifications from the original version and targeted buyers looking for a no-frills economy. American Motors' strategy of restoring the old design, made for two different models, is one of the few examples where such a strategy has been successful for the automaker. The Chevrolet Vega Kammback, unveiled in September 1970, was the first four-seater American-class wagon and the first two-door wagon from GM in six years. It shared its wheelbase and length with versions of the Vega coupe and was released in the 1971-1977 model years. The last two-door station wagon available in America, the Volkswagen Fox, was discontinued in 1991. Britain 1930s to 1960s 1954-1957 Hillman Husky Early, when? wagons were after the market transformation, with a new body using wooden frames and steel or wooden panels. These wooden cars, produced before the 1960s, were some of the most expensive cars at the time. Since the 1930s, the term shooting-brake (originally a term for hunting cars) has been an alternative, if currently rarely used, term for station wagons in the UK. Later, the station wagons were produced by vehicle manufacturers and include the 1937 Commer (based on Hillman Minx Magnificent), the 1952 Morris Small Traveller, the 1952 Morris Oxford Traveller, the 1954 Hillman Husky, the 1954 Austin A30 Countryman and the Squire. Most of these models were two-door wagons and several models were built on the chassis of relatively small cars. Manufacturers often chose a specific model name to apply to all their station wagons cars as a marketing exercise - for example, Austin used the name Countryman and Morris used the name Travellers. Some station wagons were closely sourced from existing commercial van models, such as the Austin A30/35 Countryman and Husky. Others, such as Morris Travelers, Austin Cambridge Countryman and Standard Ten Companion were custom-made. In the 1950s×, Rover and Austin produced 4×4 canvas SUVs, which were available in the body styles of station wagons, which were sold as Station Wagons. They included better seating and finishes than standard editions with options such as heaters. An early advertisement for the Land Rover version took the name literally, showing a car collecting people and goods from the train station. Despite the popularity of station wagons in America, the offers of station wagons in the UK from Ford and Vauxhall were limited to the factory-approved aftermarket conversions and Vauxhall Cresta, until in 1958 was presented factory station wagon Vauxhall Victor. The 1960s present L Estate One of the smallest all-rounders ever produced was the Morris Mini Traveler/Austin Mini Countryman, introduced in 1960. Ford's first factory wagon was the 1963 Ford Cortina. The 1967 Hillman Husky wagon version of the Hillman Imp was unusual in having a rear-engine wagon. Ford and Vauxhall produced factory-built wagon versions of all three of their respective core models (small-, mid- and large-larger cars) by the 1970s. FD and FE-Series Vauxhall Victors, built between 1966-78, were very large cars by British standards and featured american station wagon-style models with front and rear benches. Other station wagons sold in the United Kingdom included the Morris 1100 (introduced in 1966), the Vauxhall Viva (introduced in 1967), the (introduced in 1968) and the Vauxhall Chevette (introduced in 1976). Germany 2014 Mercedes-Benz C Class wagon Germany is the largest market for station wagons in the world, with about 600-700,000 cars sold each year - accounting for 20% of all car sales. Currently, German-made station wagons produce Audi, BMW, Mercedes-Benz and Volkswagen. Some larger station wagon models are available with a third row of seats, such as the rear-wheel-drive seat for two passengers in the cargo area of the Mercedes-Benz E-Class station wagon. In 1961, Volkswagen introduced the two-door body of the Volkswagen Type 3 (also known as the Volkswagen 1500 - later the Volkswagen 1600). The rear-wheel-drive layout of the Type 3 has been retained for station wagon models, but the engine profile has been flattened, resulting in a small car offering an internal hall as well as a trunk space in front. The model was proposed in the 1973 model year. The station wagons produced in East Germany include 1956-1965 Wartburg 311/312/313, 1963-1990 Trabant 601 Universal and 1966-1988 Wartburg 353 Tourist. France 1963 Peugeot 404 Break1972 Citroen DS Break In France, almost all models называются Break, Break, Spelling is different from English brake shooting. The first station wagon produced by the French manufacturer was the Citroen Traction Avant Familiale, introduced in 1935. The first Peugeot station wagon was the Peugeot 203, introduced in 1950. In 1958, the Citroen ID Break (known as Safari in English-speaking countries) was introduced, which was larger than other French models of station wagons and similar in size to modern full-size station wagons from the USA. It had a capacity of eight people, consisting of two front bench seats and two folding interior seats in the cargo area. The 'Familiale' version had a front bench seat, a front three-seater bench seat in the middle and a folding front three- seater bench at the back, providing a versatile nine-seater car. The Citroen ID also had a two-stage suspension and hydropneumatic suspension, which allowed to level the height of the ride and automatic braking slope regardless of the cargo. The car can also be kneed to the ground for easy loading heavy or large items. The successors of the ID, Citroen CX and Citroen XM were still among the largest station wagons produced in Europe, but the model was discontinued in 2000, and the station wagon version was not available to its successor Citroen C6. The Peugeot 404, introduced in 1960, offered a traditional alternative to innovative Citroens for buyers wanting a large station wagon. Its replacement, the 505 was available in five-seater and seven-seater versions of 'Familiale'. As with the Citroens, the change in requirements in the French car market led to the end of large Peugeot station wagon models in the mid-1990s, with the smaller Peugeot 406 becoming the largest station wagon model in the range since 1995. In a similar situation in the United States, the decline of traditional Break and Familiale models in France was in no small part due to the introduction of the minivan in the form of Renault Espace in 1984. Sweden 1952-1960 Volvo Duett1974-1993 Volvo 240 wagon The first wagon produced in Sweden was the Volvo Duett, introduced in 1953. The two-door Duett wagon was conceived as a two- vehicle delivery van and human carriers, and is based on the chassis of the PV444 and PV544 sedans. Saab began production of station wagons in 1959, in the form of a two-door Saab 95 wagon, which was based on the Saab 93 sedan. In 1962, volvo Duett was replaced by a larger Amazon, which has a four-door body and a horizontal split back door. Volvo continued to manufacture station wagons through the Volvo 145 (introduced in 1967), followed by the Volvo 200 Series (introduced in 1974) and the Volvo 700 Series (introduced in 1985). In many markets, the 700-series station wagons have significantly resold sedan models. In 1990, series 700 replaced the Volvo 900 series, which was sold along with a smaller Volvo 850 wagon, which was introduced a year later. The 900 series ceased production in 1998, and its successor (Volvo S80) does not include any station wagon models. Volvo's station wagons, which have been in production since the mid-1990s, include the Volvo V40, Volvo V50, Volvo V60 and Volvo V90, V40 and V90 models currently in production. Saab, after a hiatus in station wagon production since the Saab 95 ended production in 1978, introduced the Saab 9-5 four-door wagon in 1997, which was produced until 2010. Switzerland In 1983, station wagons accounted for 15% of the passenger car market, reflecting a trend of increasing popularity throughout Europe in the 1980s, when cars became less cargo-oriented. Japan 1963-1968 Mazda Familia2019 Toyota Corolla Touring Sports The first Japanese station wagon was the 1969 Isuzu Bellel four-door wagon based on the compact chassis of the sedan. It was followed by the 1963, 1966 Toyota Corolla, 1967 Isuzu Florian, 1969 Mitsubishi Galant, 1973 Mitsubishi Lancer and 1974 Honda Civic station wagons. However, Japanese manufacturers until recently do not build station wagons in large volumes. Models sold as passenger wagons in export markets were often marketed as utilitarian van models in the home market. Some have not been updated for generations in the life of the model in Japan, for example, the sedan may have a model life of four years, but the wagon has not been updated until eight years (for example, the Toyota Corolla wagon built in 1979-1987) and the 1987-1996 Mazda Capella wagon). Station wagons remain popular in Japan, although they are in slow decline as SUVs and minivans have taken over much of this market. Korean South Korean manufacturers do not have a strong tradition in the production of station wagons. The first south Korean wagon was released back in 1995 as Hyundai Avante Touring (Lantra Sportswagon) and then in early 1996 as a Kia Pride wagon. Daewoo Motor followed suit a year later with the first generation of Nubira. South Korean manufacturer Kia manufactures both Cee'd and Optima wagons, designated as Sportswagons with the sister company Hyundai offers a version wagon i30 and i40. Australia's 2014 Holden Commodore (VF) Sportwagon The first Australian car design was built in 1948, but locally designed station wagons did not appear until nine years later when the 1957 Holden FE was introduced. Holden's main competitor, the Ford Falcon (XK), introduced the station wagon models in 1960. Ford and Holden produced station wagon models based on each generation of their large sedan platforms until 2010. Other cars manufactured in Australia include smaller Toyota Camry and Mitsubishi Magna. Ford and Holden built on a longer wheelbase than their sedan counterparts, before the advent of the Holden Commodore (VE), which switched to swapping the sedan's short wheelbase. Ford stopped producing wagons in Australia when the Ford Falcon (BF) finished production in 2010, mainly due to the decline of the wagon and the large automotive market, but also after the 2004 introduction and success of sales of the SUV. Production of wagons in Australia completely ceased in 2017, when the Holden Commodore (VF) ceased production. See also Wikimedia Commons has media related to station wagons. Hearing Panel van Shooting-brake Sedan (car) Coupe Links - b c Hiller, Victor; Coombs, Peter (2004). Basics of Hiller's Vehicle Technology: Volume 1 (5th St. Nelson Thorns. 11. ISBN 978-0-7487-8082-2. Received on January 15, 2013. The body of the estate, also known as station wagons in some countries, has a roof extended to the back of the body to increase its internal capacity. Folding the rear seats down gives a large floor area to carry luggage or goods. Stronger suspension springs are installed at the back to support the extra load. Hatchback:... As with the estate, the rear seats are folded to give a flat floor to carry luggage or other items. When the back door is closed, the luggage compartment is usually covered with a parcel shelf. Peck, Colin (2008). British Woody: from the 1920s to the 1950s. page 5. Received on November 14, 2019. Rodder Street, 7/94, p.90 signature. b-king, G. Nahaye (2008). Vehicle Dynamics: Theory and Application. Springer Verlag. page 30, 1.8.3 Car Body Styles. ISBN 978-0-387-74243-4. Received on November 23, 2010. Hatchback: Hatchback cars are identified at the back door, including a rear window that opens access to a warehouse that is not separated from the rest of the passenger compartment. The hatchback can have two or four doors and two or four seats. They are also called three-door or five-door cars. The hatchback car refers to the liftback when the opening area is very sloping and rises to the opening. Wagon: wagon or wagon - a car with a body at full height in the rear; The space created to carry the cargo is carried out through the back door or door. a b Erjavec, Jack (2004). Automotive Technology: System Approach Chapter 4,. Cengage learning. 55, Body Styles. ISBN 978-1-4018-4831-6. Received on November 23, 2010. Liftback or hatchback: The distinctive feature of this vehicle is its luggage compartment, which is an extension of the passenger compartment. Access to the luggage compartment is obtained through a manhole-type door with an ascending hole. A car of this design can be a three- or five-door model; the third or fifth door is the back hatch. Universal: wagon its roof, which which straight back, allowing a spacious inner luggage compartment at the back. The back door, which can be opened in many ways depending on the model, provides access to the luggage compartment. There are two- and four-door models and up to nine passengers. Automotive glossary design - Part 2: One-Box (Monospace or monotom). Automotive design news. Received on November 23, 2010. A three- or five-door hatchback (without a separate trunk) is a two-car. Mike Mueller (2003). American cars of the 1950s. Crestline Imprints. ISBN 0-7603-1712-7. Mueller, Mike (2003). American cars of the 1950s. MBI Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7603-1712-9. Definition: Universal. Dictionary of American Heritage. Received on January 13, 2013. Neil, Dan (April 28, 2002). Hatchback is back (but no one uses H- Word). The New York Times. Received on November 23, 2010. a b Hartford, Bill (February 1969). Size to 1969 Universals. Popular mechanics: 106. Received on November 23, 2010. Thinker (Detroit style). It's time. April 21, 1967. Received on October 10, 2015. Jan P. Norby; Dunn, Jim (October 1970). 71 Wagons, big changes go up. Popular science: 74- 75. Received on October 10, 2015. - Byard, RW; A.J. Bourne; James, R (August 1999). 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Veloce Publishing Limited. page 10. ISBN 978-1-845842-69-7. Received 2017-05-12. a b c Last, Great, Gast American station wagon. theatlantic.com. received on November 4, 2018. 1923 Star wagon. Henry Ford. Received on August 2, 2019. Lamm, Michael; Halls, Dave (1996). Age of automotive style: 100 years of American automotive design. Lamm-Morada. page 29. ISBN 9780932128072. Received on June 30, 2012. a b c d e G.N. Georgano, G. N. (2002). Cars: Early and Vintage, 1886-1930. Mason Cross. ISBN 978-1-59084-491-5. Narus, Donald J. Trump The Great American Woody Cars. Cars. Publishing. ISBN 978- 0-912612-13-3. Brown, arch (April 1997). Natural History: Woody Wagon History - Part I. Collectible Cars. 13 (6): 26–41. Bill Vance (March 24, 2001). Motor memories: the history of the station wagon. Auto Canada. Received on January 15, 2013. Bill Coughton (May 15, 2002). Jeep: From station wagon to superstar. Received on January 15, 2013. 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Received on June 19, 2017. - Consumer Guide Authors (October 9, 2007). 1950-1959 Ford Country Squire. howstuffworks com. Received on August 6, 2010. 1955 Ford Country Squire Station Wagon. National Museum of American History. Received on January 15, 2013. Jerry Garrett,9,000, September 9, 2015. Jeep's Wagoneer Making Fake Tree Grain Fashionable Again?. Garrett's on the road. Received on June 19, 2017. Sean (June 15, 2015). look back at the 1963 - 1991 Jeep Wagoneer: A guide to year-to-year change. Classic cars today online. Archive from the original for 2017-07-08. Received on June 19, 2017. 2013 Mercedes-Benz GL450 vs 2012 Mercedes-Benz E350 4Matic Wagon. www.motortrend.com. Received on November 18, 2018. Automotive history: the short and strange life of a two-door station wagon. www.curbsideclassic.com. Received on February 25, 2018. Severson, Aaron (September 19, 2009). Fashionable small: Compact Nash Rambler. I ate with a motor. Received on February 27, 2018. Gannell, John (2004). 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